CN103979493B - A kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system and technique thereof - Google Patents
A kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system and technique thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103979493B CN103979493B CN201410173594.6A CN201410173594A CN103979493B CN 103979493 B CN103979493 B CN 103979493B CN 201410173594 A CN201410173594 A CN 201410173594A CN 103979493 B CN103979493 B CN 103979493B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system and technique thereof, belong to technical field of nuclear power, which solve existing containing HTO go tritiate device exist flow process loaded down with trivial details, go tritiate efficiency low and the problem that energy consumption is high.The present invention includes the raw water water tank, the first volume pump and the steam boiler that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit and product water collection box.The present invention is reasonable in design, simple operation, significantly improves to go tritiate efficiency containing HTO, and have effectively achieved the enrichment of hydrogen isotope, and it is low that the present invention has energy consumption, and containing the advantage that HTO purification rate is high, therefore, it is suitable for applying in nuclear power field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system, what be specifically related to is a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system and technique thereof.
Background technology
At present, no matter be the manufacture of Nuclear weapons or the operational process of fusion reactor, all can relate to the operation of a large amount of tritium, wherein some exists with the form of tritiated water.In addition, in the operational process of a lot of commercial or civilian nuclear power plant, also to produce a large amount of containing HTO, if do not reclaimed this part tritium, but directly discharge, then not only can give environment, and also result in loss economically.Therefore, in tritium technique, what must be equipped with tritiated water removes tritiate device, to reclaim tritium, makes the index that the discharge of water reaches certain.
It is published at present that what go tritiate technology to adopt containing HTO is that the mode of water vapour and hydrogen cocurrent flow exchanges, its device is made up of plural serial stage, every grade all needs before the reaction water vapour and hydrogen to be preheating to 200 DEG C, then carry out catalyzed reaction, condensation again after question response, makes water vapour and Hydrogen Separation, repeated multiple times vaporization like this, preheating, reaction, condensation, separation, can make to go tritiate containing HTO, and this not only flow process loaded down with trivial details, go tritiate efficiency low, and energy consumption and cost too high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system and technique thereof, mainly solve existing containing HTO go tritiate device exist flow process loaded down with trivial details, go tritiate efficiency low and the problem that energy consumption is high.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system, comprise the raw water water tank, the first volume pump and the steam boiler that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit and product water collection box, wherein:
Described catalyzed reaction exchange system comprises the first cavity, water vapour heating unit, catalyst reaction section and the second cavity that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit is connected with steam boiler air outlet by automatic valve; Described catalyst reaction section is solid hydrophilic catalyst;
Described hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder, reducing valve, gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump that are connected successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump is connected with catalyst reaction section lower end by pipeline;
The described hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system that contains comprises the molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor and the gas-holder that connect successively; Described gas-holder is connected with hydrogen gas cylinder;
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine, the first condenser be connected with this cooling-water machine respectively, the second condenser and the 3rd condenser, and the condensation water tank be connected with the 3rd condenser; Described first condenser is connected with the first cavity and molecular screener adsorbing system respectively, and described second condenser is connected with the second cavity and product water collection box respectively, and described 3rd condenser is connected with molecular screener adsorbing system and gas-holder respectively;
Described proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer be arranged between the first condenser and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor.
Further, the present invention also comprises the second valve on the pipeline that is connected between gas mass flow control unit in parallel and motor-mount pump, the vacuum pump be connected with this second valve, and be connected to the vacuum gauge on the pipeline between the second valve with gas mass flow assembly in parallel.
Again further, described raw water water tank water-in is connected with the second volume pump, and this second volume pump is also connected with condensation water tank and product water collection box respectively.
Specifically, described water vapour heating unit comprises the outer cylinder body be connected with the first cavity and catalyst reaction section respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of this outer cylinder body bosom position, and be arranged on outer cylinder body and all run through the first heating tube and second heating tube of porous honeycomb heat storage; Described first heating tube is positioned at above the second heating tube, and the two is mutually vertical, is also equipped with heating rod in this first heating tube and the second heating tube; Described steam boiler is connected on the side of outer cylinder body, and is positioned at the top of the first heating tube.
Specifically, described gas mass flow control unit in parallel comprises the first gas mass flow controller, the second gas mass flow controller and the 3rd gas mass flow controller that are connected in parallel between reducing valve and motor-mount pump.
Further, described molecular screener adsorbing system comprises the tank connected gas recycle pump with gas storage, the 3rd dew point hygrometer and the gas heater be connected with this gas recycle pump respectively, and the first molecular sieve bed be connected in parallel between the first condenser and gas compressor and the second molecular sieve bed; Described gas heater is connected with the first molecular sieve bed and the second molecular sieve bed respectively, and described 3rd condenser is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed and the second molecular sieve bed respectively.
Based on said structure, present invention also offers the technique of this vapor phase catalytic exchange system, comprise the following steps:
(1) open vacuum pump and the second valve respectively, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect the pressure in its pipeline in real time by vacuum gauge;
(2) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is lower than 5Pa, vacuum pump and the second valve is closed;
(3) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler by raw water water tank containing HTO to heat, form water vapour;
(4) open automatic valve, make water vapour enter into water vapour heating unit, maintain its temperature by water vapour heating unit, and make it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, and hydrogen flow direction is contrary with flow of water vapor direction;
(5) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyst in catalyst reaction section, tritium enters into water vapour heating unit together by containing in HTO vapor transfer to hydrogen and along with hydrogen, second condenser impels the water vapour in the second cavity to liquefy simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration difference between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity, in second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour also continues to be liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion;
(6) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by water vapour heating unit and the first cavity, and the water vapour will carried secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas by the first condenser liquefies, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour be simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(7) start gas compressor, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, formed dry containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(8) circulation step (3) ~ (7).
Further, in described step (7), after system often runs 30 minutes, observe the data of the first dew point hygrometer and the collection of the second dew point hygrometer respectively, whether identically contrast two dew point hygrometer data, be, then stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and pre-hot recycling is carried out to it, make to change in the second molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas to carry out redrying simultaneously; No, then continue keeping system and run.
Specifically, the preheating regenerative process of described first molecular sieve bed is specific as follows:
A () starts gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, to be pumped into gas heater and to heat, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed from gas compressor part out containing hydrogen tritide gas;
B () high temperature makes the moisture in the first molecular sieve bed vaporize containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then with containing hydrogen tritide gas enter into the 3rd condenser together and be separated, isolate continuing to be pumped in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, water vapour enters into condensation water tank via the 3rd condenser after liquefaction and stores simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a), (b), until when the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are spent lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, the hydrogen tritide gas that contains isolating water vapour is back in gas-holder, and the pre-hot recycling of the first molecular sieve bed is complete.
Again further, in described step (8), if the liquid level of raw water water tank is lower than 2cm, then open the second volume pump, make the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank enter into raw water water tank.
Principle of design of the present invention is, it will be vaporized containing HTO, then by the mode of upper and lower ends water vapor concentration difference guide in catalyst reaction section containing HTO flow of vapor, make to form rightabout flowing containing HTO steam and the hydrogen entered from catalyst reaction section bottom, achieve the adverse current containing HTO and hydrogen, then in conjunction with the know-why that vapor phase catalytic exchanges, and improve the Catalysis exchange efficiency containing HTO steam and hydrogen by hydrophilic catalyst, thus achieve and go tritiate containing HTO, purification is containing HTO.The present invention only needs to vaporize completely once containing HTO, then with hydrogen reaction, making tritium by containing HTO vapor transfer in hydrogen, realizing containing tritium water purification.After reaction, also only a condensation is needed, can by the Water Sproading after purification, simultaneously, containing hydrogen tritide gas after the moisture that molecular sieve bed adsorbs wherein, define dry containing hydrogen tritide gas, then collected by gas-holder, and from after being pumped into raw water water tank containing the liquid water with a small amount of tritium separated hydrogen tritide gas by the second volume pump, once more carry out the flow process of tritiate, iterative cycles like this, realizes purifying to the full extent containing HTO, and reclaims tritium as much as possible.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) multiple technologies principle combines with practical structures by the present invention, and it is provided with, and design is ingenious, rational in infrastructure, clear process understands, easy to operate advantage.
(2) the present invention adopts water vapour and hydrogen adverse current to go the mode of tritiate, instead of traditional water vapour and hydrogen with diffluence tritiate mode, the present invention only needs once will to vaporize containing HTO, preheating and catalyzed reaction, can by tritium by transferring in hydrogen containing in HTO steam, then condensation liquefaction reclaims, realize containing tritium water purification, the present invention can reach more than 90% containing the purification rate of HTO; And the hydrogen containing tritium is after super-dry, carries out redrying by same molecular screener adsorbing system, then reclaim, realize the enrichment of hydrogen isotope.The present invention significantly simplifies the flow process of going tritiate containing HTO, improve the efficiency of catalytic exchange, and achieve the enrichment of hydrogen isotope, two processes are carried out simultaneously, non-interference, therefore, it not only increases the efficiency of tritiate, and has saved energy consumption and cost, test shows, compared to existing technology, its energy consumption has at least saved more than 50% in the present invention, and reaches more than 90% to the tritiate efficiency of going containing HTO.
(3) the present invention is provided with vacuum pump, before system brings into operation, can vacuumize process to corresponding pipeline and equipment, thus guarantee the safe operation of system, improves the stability run.
(4) the first heating tube in water vapour heating unit of the present invention and the second heating tube are equipped with heating rod, first heating tube and the second heating tube utilize heating rod can provide heat to porous honeycomb heat storage, and by it to the water vapour transmission entered, ensure the temperature of water vapour in outer cylinder body; And the first heating tube and the orthogonal set-up mode of the second heating tube can play the effect of support on the one hand to porous honeycomb heat storage, also make porous honeycomb heat storage be heated evenly on the other hand, make it can well to water vapour transferring heat.
(5) the present invention adopts the gas mass flow controller of three groups of parallel connections accurately to control the charge flow rate of hydrogen, guarantees that it is in the acceptable limit of error of system all the time, thus ensures hydrogen and normally carrying out containing HTO steam catalytic permutoid reaction.
(6) when the present invention works, first molecular sieve bed and the mutual alternate run of the second molecular sieve bed, be independent of each other, one of them is for adsorbing containing the water vapour in hydrogen tritide gas, another carries out pre-hot recycling simultaneously, thus ensure that the uninterrupted operation of system, significantly improve the working efficiency of system.
(7) the present invention is also provided with the second volume pump, its liquid level is supplemented for being got back to by the current in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank in raw water water tank, thus guarantee the hydraulic pressure of raw water water tank on the one hand, make system worked well, can again go tritiate process to the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank on the other hand, thus realize to the full extent the recovery containing tritium water purification and tritium.
(8) logic of the present invention is rigorous, and links closely interlocks, and not only practicality is quite strong for it, and stable and reliable operation, and therefore, it has market application foreground widely, is suitable for applying in nuclear power field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of water vapour heating unit.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of water vapour heating unit.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention uses the first molecular sieve bed drying containing fundamental diagram during hydrogen tritide gas.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention uses the second molecular sieve bed drying containing fundamental diagram during hydrogen tritide gas.
Wherein, the component name that Reference numeral is corresponding is called:
1-raw water water tank, 2-first volume pump, 3-steam boiler, 4-automatic valve, 5-cooling-water machine, 6-first condenser, 7-first cavity, 8-water vapour heating unit, 801-outer cylinder body, 802-first heating tube, 803-second heating tube, 9-catalyst reaction section, 10-second cavity, 11-second condenser, 12-product water collection box, 13-first sampling valve, 14-motor-mount pump, 15-first valve, 16-first gas mass flow controller, 17-second gas mass flow controller, 18-the 3rd gas mass flow controller, 19-vacuum gauge, 20-second valve, 21-vacuum pump, 22-reducing valve, 23-hydrogen gas cylinder, 24-the 3rd valve, 25-first dew point hygrometer, 26-the 4th valve, 27-the 5th valve, 28-first molecular sieve bed, 29-second molecular sieve bed, 30-the 6th valve, 31-the 7th valve, 32-gas heater, 33-gas recycle pump, 34-the 3rd dew point hygrometer, 35-the 3rd condenser, 36-condensation water tank, 37-second sampling valve, 38-second dew point hygrometer, 39-gas compressor, 40-gas-holder, 41-the 4th gas mass flow controller, 42-the 3rd sampling valve, 43-the 8th valve, 44-the 9th valve, 45-second volume pump.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, and embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
The present invention is mainly used in and goes tritiate containing HTO and realize hydrogen isotope enrichment aspect.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes raw water water tank 1, first volume pump 2 and steam boiler 3 that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit, product water collection box 12, vacuum gauge 19 and vacuum pump 21.Described raw water water tank 1 is for splendid attire containing HTO, and it will be pumped in steam boiler 3 containing HTO by the first volume pump 2 and heat, and form water vapour.Described catalytic exchange column is used for go tritiate containing HTO steam, and it comprises the first cavity 7, water vapour heating unit 8, catalyst reaction section 9 and the second cavity 10 that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit 8 is connected with steam boiler 3 air outlet by automatic valve 4.Enter into water vapour heating unit 8 containing HTO steam via steam boiler 3, coordinated by this water vapour heating unit 8, catalyst reaction section 9, condenser system and hydrogen transmission system and process.
As shown in Figure 2,3, specifically, described water vapour heating unit 8 comprises the outer cylinder body 801 be connected with the first cavity 7 and catalyst reaction section 9 respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of this outer cylinder body 801 bosom position, and be arranged on outer cylinder body 801 and all run through the first heating tube 802 and the second heating tube 803 of porous honeycomb heat storage.First heating tube 802 is positioned at above the second heating tube 803, and the two is mutually vertical, can as the supporting structure of porous honeycomb heat storage, also heating rod is equipped with in this first heating tube 802 and the second heating tube 803, its heat produced is transmitted by porous honeycomb heat storage, the steam temperature entered by steam boiler 3 can be made to remain unchanged, for guaranteeing heat insulation effect, described first heating tube 802 and the second heating tube 803 all arrange two, its arrangement mode as shown in Figure 2, and described outer cylinder body 801 outside is coated with insulation covering, it can ensure the temperature of water vapour further, stablize the carrying out of itself and hydrogen catalytic permutoid reaction, guarantee catalytic efficiency, the design of insulation covering optimizes the performance of whole system on the whole.And, in order to function of the present invention can be realized well, described first cavity 7 inside is also filled with hydrophobic catalyst from bottom to top, first cavity 7 inside is filled hydrophobic catalyst and can be increased vapour lock, after preventing water vapour from entering outer cylinder body 801, the first cavity 7 above it flows, thus the catalyst reaction section 9 reduced downwards flows and reduces the catalyzed reaction efficiency of water vapour.
In addition, the present invention has also set up three temperature sensors and two pressure sensings, for the temperature and pressure monitored in real time in catalytic exchange column, ensures the safety of system, and can successfully process containing HTO steam.Specifically, a temperature sensor is arranged between steam boiler 3 and outer cylinder body 801, and when entering outer cylinder body 801 for detecting containing HTO steam, whether its temperature meets the requirements; Two other temperature sensor and two pressure transmitters are then that a temperature sensor and a pressure transmitter are arranged on the first cavity 7, another temperature sensor and pressure transmitter are then arranged on the second cavity 10, are respectively used to the temperature and pressure detected containing HTO steam and hydrogen and whether are in safety range.
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine 5, the first condenser 6, second condenser 11 be connected with this cooling-water machine 5 respectively and the 3rd condenser 35, and the condensation water tank 36 be connected with the 3rd condenser 35; Described first condenser 6 is connected with the first cavity 7, and described second condenser 11 is connected with the second cavity 10 and product water collection box 12 respectively.Described catalyst reaction section 9 is for realizing the tritium in Separation of Water steam after passing into hydrogen, and it is solid hydrophilic catalyst, and for guaranteeing that in the process that is separated, steam temperature does not reduce, and this catalyst reaction section 9 outside is also coated with insulation covering.Cooling-water machine 5 is then for providing cold water to three condensers, so that they carry out work, wherein, first condenser 6 for give after catalyzed reaction containing hydrogen tritide gas (because tritium is the isotropic substance of hydrogen, therefore, the tritium be separated can together enter into the first condenser along with hydrogen) carry out preliminarily dried, the second condenser 11 liquefies isolating the water vapour after tritium in the second cavity 10, and is delivered in product water collection box 12 and collects.
Above-mentioned mentioned hydrogen is provided by hydrogen transmission system, and this hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder 23, reducing valve 22, gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump 14 that are connected successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump 14 is connected with catalyst reaction section 9 lower end by pipeline; The first valve 15 is provided with in pipeline between motor-mount pump 14 with gas mass flow control unit in parallel.After motor-mount pump 14 starts, hydrogen exports from hydrogen gas cylinder 23, and reduces pressure through reducing valve 22, pumps into from catalyst reaction section 9 lower end after gas mass flow control unit accurate flow adjustment in parallel.Pressure and flow that the arranging of reducing valve 22 and gas mass flow control unit in parallel can guarantee hydrogen are all within the acceptable limit of error of system, also a pressure transmitter is provided with, for detecting the pressure of hydrogen after decompression in the pipeline that the present invention is flowed at hydrogen.Described gas mass flow control unit in parallel then comprises and is connected in parallel on the first gas mass flow controller 16, second gas mass flow controller 17 between reducing valve 22 and motor-mount pump 14 and the 3rd gas mass flow controller 18.The pipeline of three groups of gas mass flow controllers is equipped with valve, by unlatching or the closedown of valve, one or two to three gas mass flow controller work can be realized, the flow of flexible control and fine adjustment hydrogen, guarantees hydrogen and normally carrying out containing HTO steam catalytic permutoid reaction.
The described hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system that contains is used for dry containing hydrogen tritide gas further, and collects.Go tritiate containing HTO steam, and while collecting product water water tank 12, be connected to the first condenser 6 by opening and containing the 3rd valve 24 between hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, make to enter into containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system containing hydrogen tritide gas.Specifically, the described hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system that contains comprises the molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor 39 and the gas-holder 40 that connect successively; Described gas-holder 40 is connected with the 3rd condenser 35 and hydrogen gas cylinder 23 respectively.
Containing in hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, the work carrying out redrying containing hydrogen tritide gas is completed by molecular screener adsorbing system, this molecular screener adsorbing system comprises the gas recycle pump 33 be connected with gas-holder 40, the 3rd dew point hygrometer 34 be connected with this gas recycle pump 33 respectively and gas heater 32, and be connected in parallel on the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 between the first condenser 6 and gas compressor 39; Be respectively equipped with the 4th valve 26 and the 6th valve 30 in pipeline before and after described first molecular sieve bed 28, in the pipeline before and after described second molecular sieve bed 29, be then respectively equipped with the 5th valve 27 and the 7th valve 31; Described gas heater 32 is connected with the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 respectively, and described 3rd condenser 35 is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 respectively.Molecular sieve bed can adsorb containing the moisture in hydrogen tritide gas, drying is carried out to it, but the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 also non-concurrent carry out redrying process to containing hydrogen tritide gas, but alternate run, in same time, a molecular sieve bed is for the treatment of containing hydrogen tritide gas, another molecular sieve bed then utilizes hydrogen and carries out pre-hot recycling containing hydrogen tritide gas, then after waiting until certain hour, again the two is exchanged, change its working order, the alternate run process of the present embodiment rear face branch to two molecular sieve beds is described.
By the drying after molecular screener adsorbing system process containing hydrogen tritide gas, under gas compressor 39 acts on, enter into gas-holder 40 and store.And by containing water vapour meeting out of the hydrogen tritide band of gas with enter into the 3rd condenser 35 together containing hydrogen tritide gas and liquefy and be separated during the pre-hot recycling of molecular sieve bed, the water that then liquefies is collected in condensation water tank 36, and the hydrogen tritide gas that contains of drying then enters into gas-holder 40.
Aforesaid device is used for purification and also collects containing hydrogen tritide gas containing HTO, described vacuum pump 21 is then for starting process in system containing before HTO, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, its manifold pressure is met the requirements, guarantee the safety of system and stable, this vacuum pump 21 is connected with the second valve 20, during use, second valve 20 and vacuum pump 21 are opened, the pressure in said system pipeline is then by vacuum gauge 19 Real-Time Monitoring simultaneously.
Described proofing unit is then for detecting and some data in indicating system operational process, so that staff can according to the data analysis obtained, and the then operation of Controlling System better.This proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer 25 be arranged between the first condenser 6 and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer 38 between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor 39.
In addition, that conveniently staff can Controlling System run better equally, and reach a conclusion, described product water collection box 12 water outlet is connected with the first sampling valve 13, described condensation water tank 36 water outlet is connected with the second sampling valve 37, described gas-holder 40 air outlet is connected with the 3rd sampling valve 42, and between this gas-holder 40 and the 3rd sampling valve 42, be also provided with the 4th gas mass flow controller 41 for controlling containing hydrogen tritide airshed.
In addition, be based on security consideration equally, simultaneously also in order to system can normally be run, described raw water water tank 1 water-in is connected with the second volume pump 45, this second volume pump 45 is connected with product water collection box 12 by the 8th valve 43, is connected with condensation water tank 36 by the 9th valve 44.After system cloud gray model for some time, if the liquid level of raw water water tank is lower than 2cm, then open the second volume pump 45, make the water in product water collection box 12 and/or condensation water tank 36 enter into raw water water tank 1 and supplement water level.
As shown in Figure 4, below technical process of the present invention is described in detail, as described below:
(1) all devices is installed according to Fig. 1, and careful check system integrity, stopping property, be ready to containing HTO, and put into raw water water tank, get out hydrogen simultaneously;
(2) by the first valve, the valve closes of the 3rd valve and the 3rd between condenser and condensation water tank, then corresponding valve is opened respectively, and vacuum pump and the second valve, make it to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect the pressure in its pipeline in real time by vacuum gauge; Due to the first valve, the valve closes of the 3rd valve and the 3rd between condenser and condensation water tank, thus vacuum pump evacuation can not have influence on raw water water tank, steam boiler, catalyzed reaction exchange system, product water collection box, the first condenser, the second condenser and condensation water tank;
(3) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is lower than 5Pa, vacuum pump and the second valve is closed;
(4) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler by raw water water tank containing HTO to heat, form water vapour, in the present embodiment, the temperature of water vapour is 200 DEG C;
(5) open automatic valve, water vapour enters into outer cylinder body, provides heat and by porous honeycomb heat storage transferring heat by heating rod, thus the temperature 200 DEG C maintaining water vapour is constant, and makes it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open the first valve, reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, and hydrogen flow direction is contrary with flow of water vapor direction;
(6) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyst in catalyst reaction section, tritium enters into water vapour heating unit together by containing in HTO vapor transfer to hydrogen and along with hydrogen, second condenser impels the water vapour in the second cavity to liquefy simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration difference between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity, in second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour also continues to be liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion;
(7) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by outer cylinder body and the first cavity, and the water vapour will carried secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas by the first condenser liquefies, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour be simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(8) gas compressor is started, keep the 3rd valve, the 4th valve and the 6th valve opening, and close the 5th valve and the 7th valve, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, formed dry containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(9) circulation step (4) ~ (8).
In above-mentioned flow process, after system often runs 30 minutes, open the first sampling valve respectively, second sampling valve and the 3rd sampling valve, analyze to the liquefaction water collected with containing the sample of hydrogen tritide gas, and observe the data of the first dew point hygrometer and the collection of the second dew point hygrometer, whether identically contrast two dew point hygrometer data, be, then stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and pre-hot recycling is carried out to it, open the 5th valve and the 7th valve simultaneously, close the 4th valve and the 6th valve, make to change in the second molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas to carry out redrying, its principle of work as shown in Figure 5, no, then continue keeping system and run.The preheating regenerative process of the first molecular sieve bed is then as described below:
A () starts gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, to be pumped into gas heater and to heat, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed from gas compressor part out containing hydrogen tritide gas;
B () high temperature makes the moisture in the first molecular sieve bed vaporize containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then with containing hydrogen tritide gas enter into the 3rd condenser together and be separated, isolate continuing to be pumped in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, water vapour enters into condensation water tank via the 3rd condenser after liquefaction and stores simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a), (b), until when the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are spent lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, the hydrogen tritide gas that contains isolating water vapour is back in gas-holder, and the pre-hot recycling of the first molecular sieve bed is complete.
In like manner, the preheating regenerative process of the second molecular sieve bed is also identical with the first molecular sieve bed preheating regenerative process, except beginning reason is not containing except hydrogen tritide gas needs pre-hot recycling, in all the other times, two molecular sieve beds are all carry out work simultaneously, and namely one contains hydrogen tritide gas for drying, and another is for pre-hot recycling, then the latter two states are exchanged again at regular intervals, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
In addition, in above-mentioned flow process, at regular intervals, need to gather the liquid level of raw water water tank and the pressure data of gas-holder, so that determine next step work.If the data gathered are in the receptible safety range of system, then the operation of keeping system.If only have the liquid level of raw water water tank lower than 2cm, then as previously mentioned, second volume pump is opened, and by the 8th valve and/or the 9th valve open, water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank is pumped in raw water water tank by the second volume pump and supplements water level, then continue operational system, not only can guarantee security of system, steady running thus, and can again go tritiate process to the liquefaction water collected, make it further purify.If the pressure of gas-holder is higher than 2Mpa, then need halt system to run, now, by all valves and device shutdown, then cleaning work is on-the-spot, gets rid of potential safety hazard.Thus, the hydrogen that tritium-containing amount is very high is just stored in gas-holder, and the low-down liquefaction water of tritium-containing amount is then stored in product water collection box and condensation water tank.The present invention can reach more than 90% to the tritiate efficiency of going containing HTO.
Valve in pipeline of the present invention, as long as relate to gas flow, all refer to gas diaphragm valve, and relate to liquid-flow, then refer to liquid ball valve, so select the flowing that conveniently can control gas and liquid, and guarantee the stability of system cloud gray model.
Present invention achieves hydrogen and containing the adverse current of HTO steam, make only to need once to heat containing HTO steam, preheating, catalytic exchange and condensation process just can realize going tritiate containing HTO, it significantly reduces energy consumption and cost.And that collects can adopt hydrogen isotope separation technology to be separated containing hydrogen tritide gas as required, obtain the tritium of high density, as everyone knows, tritium is element the rarest in the world at present, it can be used for nucleosynthesis generating aspect, particularly high density tritium, it is very high that itself and deuterium are combined in the energy discharged in nuclear fission.Hydrogen isotope separation technology has been very proven technique at present, therefore, consider from technical elements, obviously, from containing collecting high density tritium hydrogen tritide gas than from containing low many of the difficulty of collecting high density tritium in HTO, can be easy to just collect high density tritium, and this is all considerable in technological value or commercial value.
In sum, the invention solves the insurmountable problem of prior art, achieve the irrealizable effect of prior art, therefore, it has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant progress.
Above-described embodiment is only one of preferred embodiment of the present invention; should in order to not limit the scope of the invention; all any change and polishings having no essential meaning done under body design thought of the present invention and spirit; or carry out the technical scheme of substitute equivalents; its technical problem solved is consistent with the present invention in fact, also should in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a vapor phase catalytic exchange system, it is characterized in that, comprise the raw water water tank (1), the first volume pump (2) and the steam boiler (3) that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit and product water collection box (12), wherein:
Described catalyzed reaction exchange system comprises the first cavity (7), water vapour heating unit (8), catalyst reaction section (9) and the second cavity (10) that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit (8) is connected with steam boiler (3) air outlet by automatic valve (4); Described catalyst reaction section (9) is solid hydrophilic catalyst;
Described hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder (23), reducing valve (22), gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump (14) that are connected successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump (14) is connected with catalyst reaction section (9) lower end by pipeline;
The described hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system that contains comprises the molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor (39) and the gas-holder (40) that connect successively; Described gas-holder (40) is connected with hydrogen gas cylinder (23);
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine (5), the first condenser (6) be connected with this cooling-water machine (5) respectively, the second condenser (11) and the 3rd condenser (35), and the condensation water tank (36) be connected with the 3rd condenser (35); Described first condenser (6) is connected with the first cavity (7) and molecular screener adsorbing system respectively, described second condenser (11) is connected with the second cavity (10) and product water collection box (12) respectively, and described 3rd condenser (35) is connected with molecular screener adsorbing system and gas-holder (40) respectively;
Described proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer (25) be arranged between the first condenser (6) and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer (38) between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor (39).
2. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second valve (20) on the pipeline that is connected between gas mass flow control unit in parallel and motor-mount pump (14), the vacuum pump (21) be connected with this second valve (20), and be connected to the vacuum gauge (19) on the pipeline between the second valve (20) with gas mass flow assembly in parallel.
3. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described raw water water tank (1) water-in is connected with the second volume pump (45), and this second volume pump (45) is also connected with condensation water tank (36) and product water collection box (12) respectively.
4. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to right 3, it is characterized in that, described water vapour heating unit (8) comprises the outer cylinder body (801) be connected with the first cavity (7) and catalyst reaction section (9) respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of this outer cylinder body (801) bosom position, and it is upper and all run through the first heating tube (802) and second heating tube (803) of porous honeycomb heat storage to be arranged on outer cylinder body (801); Described first heating tube (802) is positioned at the second heating tube (803) top, and the two is mutually vertical, is also equipped with heating rod in this first heating tube (802) and the second heating tube (803); Described steam boiler (3) is connected on the side of outer cylinder body (801), and is positioned at the top of the first heating tube (802).
5. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described gas mass flow control unit in parallel comprises the first gas mass flow controller (16), the second gas mass flow controller (17) and the 3rd gas mass flow controller (18) that are connected in parallel between reducing valve (22) and motor-mount pump (14).
6. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, described molecular screener adsorbing system comprises the gas recycle pump (33) be connected with gas-holder (40), the 3rd dew point hygrometer (34) be connected with this gas recycle pump (33) respectively and gas heater (32), and the first molecular sieve bed (28) be connected in parallel between the first condenser (6) and gas compressor (39) and the second molecular sieve bed (29); Described gas heater (32) is connected with the first molecular sieve bed (28) and the second molecular sieve bed (29) respectively, and described 3rd condenser (35) is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed (28) and the second molecular sieve bed (29) respectively.
7. a technique for vapor phase catalytic exchange system, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) open vacuum pump and the second valve respectively, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect the pressure in its pipeline in real time by vacuum gauge;
(2) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is lower than 5Pa, vacuum pump and the second valve is closed;
(3) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler by raw water water tank containing HTO to heat, form water vapour;
(4) open automatic valve, make water vapour enter into water vapour heating unit, maintain its temperature by water vapour heating unit, and make it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, and hydrogen flow direction is contrary with flow of water vapor direction;
(5) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyst in catalyst reaction section, tritium enters into water vapour heating unit together by containing in HTO vapor transfer to hydrogen and along with hydrogen, second condenser impels the water vapour in the second cavity to liquefy simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration difference between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity, in second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour also continues to be liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion;
(6) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by water vapour heating unit and the first cavity, and the water vapour will carried secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas by the first condenser liquefies, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour be simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(7) start gas compressor, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, formed dry containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(8) circulation step (3) ~ (7).
8. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step (7), after system often runs 30 minutes, observe the data of the first dew point hygrometer and the collection of the second dew point hygrometer respectively, whether identically contrast two dew point hygrometer data, be, then stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and pre-hot recycling is carried out to it, make to change in the second molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas to carry out redrying simultaneously; No, then continue keeping system and run.
9. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the preheating regenerative process of described first molecular sieve bed is specific as follows:
A () starts gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, to be pumped into gas heater and to heat, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed from gas compressor part out containing hydrogen tritide gas;
B () high temperature makes the moisture in the first molecular sieve bed vaporize containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then with containing hydrogen tritide gas enter into the 3rd condenser together and be separated, isolate continuing to be pumped in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, water vapour enters into condensation water tank via the 3rd condenser after liquefaction and stores simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a), (b), until when the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are spent lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, the hydrogen tritide gas that contains isolating water vapour is back in gas-holder, and the pre-hot recycling of the first molecular sieve bed is complete.
10. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, in described step (8), if the liquid level of raw water water tank is lower than 2cm, then open the second volume pump, make the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank enter into raw water water tank.
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| CN106601322B (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-09-18 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of VPCE static properties test system |
| CN111419083B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2023-04-07 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Integrated miniaturized low-deuterium water dispenser |
| CN112569786B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2024-07-23 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | High-efficiency low-cost separation process for hydrogen isotope oxide |
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| CN1715179A (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Hydrogen isotope separation device and method |
| US20100239481A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-09-23 | Anthony Busigin | Process for tritium removal from water by transfer of tritium from water to an elemental hydrogen stream, followed by membrane diffusion tritium stripping and enrichment, and final tritium enrichment by thermal diffusion |
| CN101850215A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-10-06 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Low-temperature displacement chromatography hydrogen isotope separation device and method |
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| CN1715179A (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Hydrogen isotope separation device and method |
| US20100239481A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-09-23 | Anthony Busigin | Process for tritium removal from water by transfer of tritium from water to an elemental hydrogen stream, followed by membrane diffusion tritium stripping and enrichment, and final tritium enrichment by thermal diffusion |
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