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CN103959622B - 用于消除借助于变换器电路的至少一个相电压源所驱动的电弧的方法 - Google Patents

用于消除借助于变换器电路的至少一个相电压源所驱动的电弧的方法 Download PDF

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CN103959622B
CN103959622B CN201280059969.5A CN201280059969A CN103959622B CN 103959622 B CN103959622 B CN 103959622B CN 201280059969 A CN201280059969 A CN 201280059969A CN 103959622 B CN103959622 B CN 103959622B
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CN103959622A (zh
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A.古吉斯伯格
J.埃克乐
J.瓦尔斯特伊姆
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
    • H02H7/1222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
    • H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)

Abstract

给出用于消除借助于变换器电路(1)的至少一个相电压源(3)所驱动的电弧的方法，其中所述变换器电路具有变换器单元(2)和储能回路(4)，其中，在变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上连接至少一个相电压源(3)，并且其中变换器单元(2)具有多个可操控功率半导体开关，并且其中，在运行变换器电路(1)期间检测到出现的电弧并且随即使至少一个相电压源(3)短路。为了检测电弧，监视变换器电路(1)的状态参量是否在所述状态参量的可预设置阈值上，或者备选地以光学方式监视变换器电路的周围是否出现电弧光。如果检测到电弧，则如此操控变换器单元(2)的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元(2)的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源(3)短路。

Description

用于消除借助于变换器电路的至少一个相电压源所驱动的电 弧的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功率电子器件领域。其基于根据独立权利要求的前序部分的、用于消除借助于变换器电路的至少一个相电压源所驱动的电弧的方法。
背景技术
当今，变换器电路通常具有变换器单元，在变换器单元的交流电压侧设置至少两个相连接端，于是能够在所述相连接端上连接用于提供相应交流电压的相电压源。通常，所述变换器电路在变换器单元的直流电压侧上包括储能回路，所述储能回路例如由一个或多个电容式储能器构成。
在运行变换器电路时，即当电能从变换器单元的交流电压侧流至变换器单元的直流电压侧并且在此将交流电压整流时，或者当电能从变换器单元的直流电压侧流至变换器单元的交流电压侧并且在此将直流电压进行逆变时，可能由于故障而出现如下情况：借助于相电压源以电流方式驱动的电弧 例如不仅在变换器单元的交流电压侧上而且在变换器单元的直流电压侧上出现。这种电弧是非常不希望有的，原因在于该电弧可能损坏或者完全破坏变换器单元还有整个变换器电路。
通常在这些相连接端上使用机械开关，以便使所述一个或多个相电压源短路。如果在变换器电路中检测到出现的电弧，则闭合用于使所述一个或多个相电压源短路的机械开关，以便消除由所述一个或多个相电压源以电流方式所驱动的电弧。然而，这种机械开关具有缓慢的响应特性、相当大的结构大小，需要高度维护并且提高了构建变换器电路的支出。
如在DE 10 2009 002 684 A1公开的那样，不希望有的电弧在用于给等离子体负载馈电的变换器电路中也可能出现，其中，该电弧由变换器电路的MF线圈L1、L2产生，如同在DE 10 2009 002 684 A1中在段落[0006]和[0007]中结合图1a所描述的那样。为了消除由变换器电路的MF线圈L1、L2所产生的电弧，在输出连接端13、14上的电压被变换极性，其中，在此之前，电压被设置到0V范围的值并且通过输出连接端13、14的电流设置到0A范围的值，也就是说，所连接的等离子体负载设成无电压且无电流，如同在DE 10 2009 002 684A1中在段落[0045]中所描述的那样。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是给出一种用于消除借助于变换器电路的至少一个相电压源所驱动的电弧的方法，借助于该方法，能够以特别简单且快速的方式来消除变换器电路中出现的电弧。
该任务通过权利要求1或者权利要求4的特征得到解决。在从属权利要求中给出了本发明的有利改进方案。
在根据本发明的方法中，变换器电路具有变换器单元、至少一个相电压源以及储能回路，其中在变换器单元的交流电压侧连接至少一个相电压源。变换器单元还包括多个可操控功率半导体开关。根据方法，在运行变换器电路期间检测到出现的电弧并且随即于是使至少一个相电压源短路。根据本发明，为了检测电弧，监视变换器电路的状态参量是否在所述状态参量的可预设置阈值上。在状态参量与可预设置阈值有偏差时，于是，如此操控变换器单元的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源短路。借助于先前所提及的、对所出现电弧的检测以及对通过变换器单元的至少一个短路路径的构成，能够有利地特别简单且快速地熄灭并因而消除所出现的电弧。额外的短路装置、例如由现有技术已知的用于使至少一个相电压源短路的机械开关是不需要的。
作为对先前所提及的、通过变换器电路的状态参量进行检测的备选方案，为了检测电弧而以光学方式监视变换器电路的周围是否出现电弧光，其中，在出现电弧光时，同样如此操控变换器单元的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源短路。借助于所述备选的、对所出现电弧的检测以及对通过变换器单元的至少一个短路路径的构成，也能够有利地特别简单且快速地熄灭并因而消除所出现的电弧。在此，额外的短路装置也是不需要的。
根据下文结合附图对本发明优选实施方式的详细说明，使本发明的这些以及另外的任务、优点和特征显而易见。
附图说明
附图中:
图1示出按照本发明方法具有所标出短路电流路径的变换器电路
的第一实施方式，
图2示出按照本发明方法具有所标出短路电流路径的变换器电路
的第二实施方式，
图3示出按照本发明方法具有所标出短路电流路径的变换器电路的
第三实施方式，以及
图4示出按照本发明方法具有所标出短路电流路径的变换器电路的
第四实施方式。
在参考标记列表中，以汇总的形式列出了附图中使用的参考标记及其含义。原则上，图中相同部分配设有相同的参考标记。所描述的实施方式表示本发明主题的示例，而不具有限制作用。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了按照本发明方法具有所标出短路电流路径的变换器电路的第一实施方式。在图2-图4中示出变换器电路的第二、第三和第四实施方式，其中，在这些变换器电路中的每个变换器电路中，标出按照本发明方法可能的短路路径。按照图1-图4的变换器电路的分别可能的短路路径作为粗体线条示出。一般而言，变换器电路1具有变换器单元2、至少一个相电压源3以及储能回路4，其中在变换器单元2的交流电压侧上连接至少一个相电压源3。相电压源3的连接端在变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上实现。由于根据图1-图4的变换器电路全部构造为三相的，所以，也分别设置三个相电压源3，其中，一般而言，如已经提及的那样，设置至少一个相电压源3。此外，变换器单元2一般而言还具有多个可操控功率半导体开关，其中，根据图1，将晶闸管用作可操控功率半导体开关，并且，根据图2，将具有换向操控电极的集成晶闸管(IGCT-集成门极换向晶闸管)用作可操控功率半导体开关。与之相反，在按照图3的变换器电路中，优选将具有绝缘设置的栅电极的双极晶体管(IGBT-绝缘栅双极型晶体管)和晶闸管用作可操控功率半导体开关，其中，于是可能的短路路径延伸通过晶闸管，如图3中所示。在按照图4的变换器电路中，优选也将IGCT用作可操控功率半导体开关，于是可能的短路路径延伸通过IGCT。
根据方法，在运行期间出现电弧的情况下，检测该电弧并且随即于是使至少一个相电压源3短路。可能由于故障而出现这种电弧，其中通常由至少一个相电压源3以电流方式来驱动电弧。根据本发明，现在，为了检测电弧，监视变换器电路1的状态参量是否在所述状态参量的可预设置阈值上。在状态参量与可预设置阈值有偏差时，于是，如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。借助于先前所提及的、对所出现电弧的检测以及对通过变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径的构成，能够有利地特别简单且快速地熄灭并因而消除所出现的电弧。有利的是，能够弃用额外的短路装置。
作为对先前所提及的、通过变换器电路1的状态参量进行检测的备选方案，为了检测电弧而以光学方式监视变换器电路1的周围是否出现电弧光，其中，在出现电弧光时，同样如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径又得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。为了以光学方式进行监视，例如可使用光电二极管或者对光敏感的其他电子元件或者摄像机。借助于所述备选的、对所出现电弧的检测以及对通过变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径的构成，也能够有利地特别简单且快速地熄灭并因而消除所出现的电弧。在此备选方案中，额外的短路装置也是不需要的。
如果关于变换器电路1在变换器单元的直流电压侧上连接储能回路4，如图1-图4中示例性所示，则状态参量优选是储能回路4上的电压，并且状态参量的可预设置阈值是储能回路4上电压的可预设置阈值。该储能回路包括一个或多个电容性储能器，例如，电容器。在储能回路4上的电压未超过可预设置阈值时，则如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。
作为对储能回路4上的电压作为状态参量的备选方案，也可想到的是，状态参量是变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上的电压并且于是状态参量的可预设置阈值是变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上电压的可预设置阈值。在变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上的电压未超过可预设置阈值时，则如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。在变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上的电压未超过可预设置阈值时，如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。
在根据图3和图4的变换器电路中，作为对储能回路4上的电压作为状态参量的备选方案或者作为对变换器单元2的交流电压侧上在相连接端A上的电压的备选方案，也可想到的是，变换器单元2的变换器子电路5上的电压是状态参量，如图3和图4中所示，并且于是状态参量的可预设置阈值是变换器子电路5上电压的可预设置阈值。在变换器子电路5上的电压与可预设置阈值有偏差、尤其是未超过可预设置阈值时，如此操控变换器单元2的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过该变换器单元2的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使至少一个相电压源3短路。
参考标记列表
1　　变换器电路
2　　变换器单元
3　　相电压源
4　　储能回路
5　　变换器子电路
A　　相连接端

Claims (4)

1.一种用于消除借助于变换器电路(1)的至少一个相电压源(3)所驱动的电弧的方法，其中所述变换器电路(1)具有变换器单元(2)和储能回路(4)，其中，在所述变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上连接所述至少一个相电压源(3)，并且其中所述变换器单元(2)具有形成变换器桥的多个可操控功率半导体开关，
其中，在运行所述变换器电路(1)期间检测到出现的电弧并且随即使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路，
其特征在于，
为了检测电弧，监视所述变换器电路(1)的状态参量是否在所述状态参量的可预设置阈值上，以及
在所述状态参量与可预设置阈值有偏差时，如此操控所述变换器单元(2)的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过所述变换器单元(2)的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述变换器单元(2)的直流电压侧上连接储能回路(4)并且所述状态参量是储能回路(4)上的电压，所述状态参量的可预设置阈值是储能回路(4)上电压的可预设置阈值，并且在所述储能回路(4)上的电压未超过可预设置阈值时，则如此操控所述变换器单元(2)的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过所述变换器单元(2)的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述状态参量是所述变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上在相连接端(A)上的电压，所述状态参量的可预设置阈值是所述变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上在相连接端(A)上电压的可预设置阈值，并且在所述变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上在相连接端(A)上的电压未超过可预设置阈值时，则如此操控所述变换器单元(2)的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过所述变换器单元(2)的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路。
4.一种用于消除借助于变换器电路(1)的至少一个相电压源(3)所驱动的电弧的方法，其中所述变换器电路具有变换器单元(2)和储能回路(4)，其中，在所述变换器单元(2)的交流电压侧上连接所述至少一个相电压源(3)，并且在所述变换器单元(2)的直流电压侧上连接所述储能回路(4)，并且其中所述变换器单元(2)具有形成变换器桥的多个可操控功率半导体开关，
其中在运行所述变换器电路(1)期间检测到出现的电弧并且随即使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路，
其特征在于，
为了检测电弧，以光学方式监视所述变换器电路的周围是否出现电弧光，以及
在出现电弧光时，如此操控所述变换器单元(2)的这些可操控功率半导体开关中的至少一部分，使得通过所述变换器单元(2)的至少一个短路路径得以构成，以便使所述至少一个相电压源(3)短路。
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