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CN103943925B - 一种全碳同轴线及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种全碳同轴线及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103943925B
CN103943925B CN201410116434.8A CN201410116434A CN103943925B CN 103943925 B CN103943925 B CN 103943925B CN 201410116434 A CN201410116434 A CN 201410116434A CN 103943925 B CN103943925 B CN 103943925B
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CN103943925A (zh
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张亮
魏子钧
贾越辉
叶青
任黎明
傅云义
黄如
张兴
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Peking University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种全碳同轴线及其制备方法,属于集成电路技术领域。本发明利用石墨烯为单原子层厚,将石墨烯卷作圆柱体,构成半径很小(可以小到nm级别)的同轴线的内导体,同轴线内导体传导电流,同时,用单层或多层石墨烯来做同轴线的外导体构成电磁波在空间中的边界,利用氧化石墨来做内导体和外导体之间的介质材料,约束、引导电磁波能量的定向传输。本发明制得的同轴线的尺寸非常小,可以适用于射频、微波集成电路。

Description

一种全碳同轴线及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于集成电路技术领域,具体涉及一种全碳同轴线及其制备方法。
背景技术
集成电路中用于晶体管间相互连接的线称为互连,在直流或低频情形下,不需要考虑互连线的分布效应和场效应。随着数字电路时钟速度、射频及微波电路工作频率的不断提升,这时不仅需要考虑互连线的分布效应,而且信号的能量除了包括导线内部电子运动的动能外,还包括导线周围空间中的电磁场能量,导线上的电流和周围空间或介质内的电磁场相互制约,使电磁能量在导线附近的电磁场中沿一定方向传播。如果仍然使用传统的互连线来传输高频信号则会导致信号的损耗、畸变过大。选择更合适的互连结构——传输线,则能获得仍有效工作于射频、微波频段的互连线。相较于传统的点对点互连线,传输线具有信号畸变更小、电磁辐射更少和串扰更少的优点,因而更适于高频下的信号传输。除了用于连接集成电路中的器件之外,传输线还广泛用于构成微波电路元件,如阻抗变换器、功分器、滤波器、谐振器、变压器、定向耦合器等。传输线的种类有很多,例如:平行双导线、同轴线、带状线、微带线、共面波导等。不同的工作频段,可以选择不同类型的传输线,选择的基本要求是:损耗小、效率高;尺寸合理、功率容量大;工作频带宽;尺寸小且均匀、结构简单易加工。
目前用金属(铜、铝、钨、金等)来制备传输线存在着一些影响电路性能和可靠性的问题:(1)有的金属导体(如铜)需要额外淀积一层扩散阻挡层,而阻挡层材料的电阻率通常很高,这会引起传输线的总电阻增加(导致电路RC延迟、导体热损耗的增加),另外这层阻挡层还占用了传输线导体近20%的宽度,在导体平整化的过程中还会引起导体表面的凹陷,这会进一步增加导体的总电阻;(2)随着互连尺寸的减小,传输线中金属导体的截面与电子的平均自由程(~40nm)会处于同一数量级,这将大大增加导体表面和晶界对电子的散射,引起导体电阻的增加;(3)在金属线上较长时间地通过电流会引起金属离子的移动(电迁移效应),这最终会导致导线的断裂或与另一条导线的短路,造成电路的失效(电迁移的发生率取决于温度、晶体结构和平均电流密度);(4)随着信号频率的升高,金属导体的趋肤效应也会导致导体电阻的增加、信号的衰减。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种尺寸非常小的全碳同轴线及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明利用石墨烯单原子层厚这一结构特点,将石墨烯卷作圆柱体,构成半径很小(可以小到nm级别)的同轴线的内导体,用石墨烯卷来做同轴线的内导体传导电流,同时,用单层或多层石墨烯来做同轴线的外导体构成电磁波在空间中的边界,利用氧化石墨来做内导体和外导体之间的介质材料,约束、引导电磁波能量的定向传输。
本发明全碳同轴线能够适用于射频、微波集成电路。
本发明全碳同轴线的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备单层或多层石墨烯;
(2)把单层或多层石墨烯卷曲成圆柱形构成同轴线的内导体;
(3)在同轴线内导体的表面淀积或包裹一层氧化石墨作为同轴线的内导体和外导体之间的介质材料;
(4)在上述氧化石墨的表面再包裹一层或多层石墨烯构成同轴线的外导体。
本发明的技术效果如下:
(1)由于单层石墨烯的厚度只有0.34nm,即使是采用双层、多层石墨烯或者石墨片来制备同轴线,同轴线的尺寸仍旧可以很小(在同样尺寸情形下金属同轴线则有更高的电阻、更差的可靠性和更加困难的工艺过程),可以适用于射频、微波集成电路;(2)石墨烯结构稳定,用石墨烯制备同轴线不需要扩散阻挡层,制作工艺更加简单;(3)石墨烯的高电导率使得基于石墨烯的同轴线在高频下有更高的信号传输效率;(4)基于石墨烯的同轴线可以承受的最大电流密度高达108A/cm2,具有十分优良的抗电迁移能力;(5)石墨烯具有优良的热传导性,可以缓解同轴线信号传输过程中局部温度过高而发生导线熔断或者介质热击穿的现象;(6)高频下,石墨烯不存在明显的趋肤效应,基于石墨烯的同轴线电阻在很宽的频带内都能保持不变,电路的性能也更加稳定。总之,基于石墨烯的同轴线有更好的传输性能和可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本发明全碳同轴线结构示意图;
图中:
1——内导体 2——外导体
3——内导体和外导体之间的介质材料
具体实施方式
下面通过实例对本发明做进一步说明。需要注意的是,公布实施例的目的在于帮助进一步理解本发明,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换和修改都是可能的。因此,本发明不应局限于实施例所公开的内容,本发明要求保护的范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。
可以采用单层、双层、多层石墨烯。基于石墨烯的全碳同轴线的具体制备过程如下:
(1)碳基材料制备:获取所需的石墨烯(单层、双层、多层或者石墨片)可采用多种方法实现,例如:可以通过机械剥离、化学气相沉积、碳化硅表面外延生长、溶剂热合成等方法生成。
(2)同轴线内导体的制备:把石墨烯(单层、双层或多层)卷曲成圆柱形,范围为0.2nm~500nm,可以采用机械卷曲的方法,也可以把石墨烯放入去离子水、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇等溶液中让其自卷形成石墨烯卷;
(3)氧化石墨的制备:氧化石墨可以通过使用氯酸钾和硝酸氧化石墨的方法得到,也可以通过使用高锰酸钾和硫酸氧化石墨的方法得到。
(4)在同轴线内导体的表面淀积或包裹一层氧化石墨作为同轴线的内、外导体之间的介质,厚度范围为1nm~2000nm;
(5)在上述氧化石墨的表面再包裹一层或多层石墨烯构成同轴线的外导体,厚度为0.34nm~100nm。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案作出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种全碳同轴线,其特征在于,用单层或多层石墨烯卷成圆柱体作为同轴线的内导体,在所述内导体的外侧包裹单层或多层石墨烯作为同轴线的外导体,且所述内导体和外导体之间填充氧化石墨作为介质材料,所述内导体截面半径为0.2nm~500nm,所述介质材料厚度为1nm~2000nm,所述外导体的厚度为0.34nm~100nm。
2.一种权利要求1所述的全碳同轴线的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备单层或多层石墨烯;
(2)把单层或多层石墨烯卷曲成圆柱体,构成同轴线的内导体;
(3)在所述内导体的表面淀积或包裹一层氧化石墨作为介质材料;
(4)在所述氧化石墨的表面再包裹一层或多层石墨烯构成同轴线的外导体。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中通过机械剥离、化学气相沉积、碳化硅表面外延生长或溶剂热合成方法生成单层或多层石墨烯。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中采用机械卷曲的方法或把石墨烯放入去离子水、乙醇、丙酮或异丙醇溶液的任意一种中,让其自卷形成同轴线的内导体。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中氧化石墨通过使用氯酸钾和硝酸氧化石墨的方法得到,或通过使用高锰酸钾和硫酸氧化石墨的方法制得。
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