CN103893223A - Low-temperature lucid ganoderma processing method - Google Patents
Low-temperature lucid ganoderma processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103893223A CN103893223A CN201410150068.8A CN201410150068A CN103893223A CN 103893223 A CN103893223 A CN 103893223A CN 201410150068 A CN201410150068 A CN 201410150068A CN 103893223 A CN103893223 A CN 103893223A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature lucid ganoderma processing method. The method comprises the following steps: selecting tender buds and an un-lignified lucid ganoderma sporocarp which can be picked up appropriately in 15 days after the lucid ganoderma sporocarp grows; picking up, washing, sizing and lyophilizing to obtain powder, and refrigerating. The product prepared by the low-temperature lucid ganoderma processing method is subjected to an animal tests. Animal tests indicate that the prepared product has a good function of improving immunity; content detection results indicate that the content of effective components of a lucid ganoderma product prepared by the method is remarkably higher than that of a lucid ganoderma product prepared by a conventional method, and the lucid ganoderma prepared by the method comprises SOD, and the application value of a lucid ganoderma product by the preparation can be further improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicines, be specifically related to a kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma.
Background technology
Ganoderma claims again Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, Ganoderma, Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, Herba mesonae chinensis, Ganoderma, is the sporophore of Polyporaceae plant Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. or Ganoderma.Sweet in the mouth is flat, function replenishing QI and blood, tranquilizing mind, strengthening the spleen and stomach.Begin to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, classify as top gradely, records by Compendium of Materia Medica: " Ganoderma property is flat, and bitter in the mouth is nontoxic, main knot in the heart, and the beneficial motive, invigorating middle warmer, increases wisdom, does not forget, and of a specified duration clothes made light of one's life by commiting suicide not oldly, and angle prolongs life.”
Ganoderma is as the China's tradition valuable ingredient of Chinese medicine that has thousands of years medicinal histories, possess very high medical value, in sporophore, mycelium and the spore of Ganoderma, contain polysaccharide, ucleosides, furan derivative, steroid ferment class, alkaloids, protein, polypeptide, amino acids, triterpenes, sesquiterpene, organic germanium, inorganic salt etc.Ganoderan is one of main effective ingredient of Ganoderma, has antitumor, immunomodulating, blood sugar lowering, antioxidation, blood fat reducing and anti-aging effects.Not lower over one hundred kind of the contained triterpenes of Ganoderma, wherein taking tetracyclic triterpenes as main, the bitterness of Ganoderma is relevant with contained triterpenes.Triterpenes is also one of effective ingredient of Ganoderma, and human liver cancer cell is had to cytotoxicity, also can suppress the release of histamine, has hepatoprotective effect and has anti-allergic effects etc.
Current commercially available Ganoderma is the sporophore after Ganoderma maturation, its functional component is divided into water soluble ingredient and liposoluble constituent, general water solublity functional component is mainly polysaccharide, fat-soluble functional component is triterpene, wherein polysaccharide, triterpenes functional component are all no more than 20%, and its main component is lignified fiber.And lignified fiber does not absorb in human body, without effects such as immunostimulant.Water soluble ingredient is mainly used water extraction, concentrated, and drying process extracts preparation, and liposoluble constituent mainly adopts alcohol extraction or CO
2the techniques such as supercritical extraction are extracted preparation, so be difficult to by single technique complete all functional component preparations in Ganoderma, if and to ripe Ganoderma sporophore employing disintegrating process, can guarantee that functional component wherein does not lose, but a large amount of wooden people's fibre composition of bringing into is difficult to remove.
Summary of the invention
the technical problem that invention solves:the object of the invention is to provide in order to overcome above the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma.
technical scheme
A method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, chooses and reveals tender shoots and not lignified Ganoderma sporophore, and cleaning after gathering, making beating, lyophilization obtain powder, then carry out cold preservation.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, choose reveal tender shoots and not when lignified Ganoderma sporophore Ganoderma bud basset and be no more than 15 days.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, making beating is used colloid mill, and can set grinding out footpath is 0.5cm, beating time 10～40 minutes.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, lyophilization condition can be material filling thickness 5～20mm, the pre-freeze time is 3～6h, pre-freeze temperature-20～-35 DEG C, operating pressure 35～55Pa, 45～65 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 55～75 DEG C of resolution temperatures.
The preparation that the REISH that the method for above-described machining at low temperature Ganoderma prepares is made.
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore, just exposed tender shoots and started to pluck, require Ganoderma bud to basset and be no more than 10 days, sporophore is without lignifying phenomenon.General plucking time is annual 5 ~ June, and now Ganoderma bud is not isolated cap and bacterium plate, is only bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, and touch feeling does not produce lignifying, more soft, and ambient temperature is higher, after gathering, should process in time.
In pulping process, can add a small amount of water (less than 10%) to make making beating evenly, without leaving over.
Dry is to keep one of unlikely putrid and deteriorated method of material.Dry method is a lot, as dry, boil dry, dry, spray dry and vacuum drying etc., but these drying meanss are all to carry out more than 0 DEG C or at higher temperature, the product of dry gained, is generally volume-diminished, quality hardening, and oxidation has occurred some material, some volatile composition major parts can lose, can there is degeneration in the material of some thermal sensitivity, microbes loses past biologos etc., and therefore dried product has very large difference compared with before dry in character.
Lyophilization is exactly containing large quantity of moisture material, lower the temperature in advance and be frozen into solid, then under the condition of vacuum, make water vapour directly distil out, and in the left ice shelf in the time freezing of material itself, therefore its dry after constancy of volume, loose porously in the time of distillation, to absorb heat.Cause the decline of product self-temperature and the rate of sublimation that slows down, in order to increase rate of sublimation, shorten drying time, must suitably heat product, whole dry be what at lower temperature, to carry out.
Lyophilization has following advantages:
One, lyophilization is carried out at low temperatures, therefore for the material particularly suitable of a lot of thermal sensitivitys.
Two,, while being dried at low temperatures, some volatile ingredients losses in material are very little, are applicable to some chemical productss, medicine and food drying.
Three, in freezing dry process, the effect of microbial growth and enzyme cannot be carried out, and therefore can keep original property dress.
Four, owing to being dried under the state freezing, therefore volume is almost constant, has kept original structure, and concentration phenomena can not occur.
Five, dried material is loose porous, is spongy, dissolves rapidly and completely the almost original character of immediate recovery after adding water.
Six, carry out owing to being dried under vacuum, oxygen is few, and therefore some oxidizable materials have obtained protection.
Seven, the dry moisture content that can get rid of more than 95-99%, can preserve and unlikely going bad dry rear product for a long time.
beneficial effect
The present invention directly selects the not sporophore tender shoots before lignifying of Ganoderma, adopt making beating, freeze-dry process, institute obtains and in lyophilized powder, has fully retained polysaccharide, triterpenes functional component, find after testing, wherein also having the functional components such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) is that Ganoderma mature sporophore is unexistent, therefore the more ripe Ganoderma sporophore effect of the prepared lyophilized powder of the present invention is stronger.Therefore consider to select not lignifying tender shoots before of Ganoderma, directly making beating, lyophilization, fully retains functional component wherein, and without mature sporophore Zhong Zhi lignified fiber composition.
The active constituent content of the ganoderma lucidum product that method provided by the invention prepares has had significant raising compared with conventional method, wherein the content of ganoderan is that traditional method makes more than 3 times of ganoderma lucidum product, the content of Ganoderma triterpenoids is nearly 5 times that traditional method makes ganoderma lucidum product content, and in the ganoderma lucidum product that method provided by the invention prepares also have SOD, traditional method kind does not have, and has further improved the using value of the ganoderma lucidum product that this law prepares.
Detailed description of the invention
While choosing Ganoderma sporophore in following examples, require to start to pluck just exposing tender shoots, require Ganoderma bud to basset and be no more than 15 days, sporophore, without lignifying phenomenon, is bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, and touch feeling does not produce lignifying, more soft.
Embodiment 1
A method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1kg, take to clean up with clear water afterwards, in colloid mill, pull an oar, colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles making beating 20 minutes adds little water by slurry dilution evenly in pulping process.After making beating, slurry is carried out to lyophilization, material filling thickness is 5mm, sets pre-freeze temperature-20 DEG C, operating pressure 35Pa, 45 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 55 DEG C of resolution temperatures, pre-freeze time 3h.
Embodiment 2
A method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1.5kg, take to clean up with clear water afterwards, in colloid mill, pull an oar, colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles making beating 30 minutes adds little water by slurry dilution evenly in pulping process.After making beating, slurry is carried out to lyophilization, material filling thickness is 15mm, sets pre-freeze temperature-30 DEG C, operating pressure 40Pa, 55 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 65 DEG C of resolution temperatures, pre-freeze time 4h.
Embodiment 3
A method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1kg, take to clean up with clear water afterwards, in colloid mill, pull an oar, colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles making beating 10 minutes adds little water by slurry dilution evenly in pulping process.After making beating, slurry is carried out to lyophilization, material filling thickness is 10mm, sets pre-freeze temperature-26 DEG C, operating pressure 45Pa, 55 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 65 DEG C of resolution temperatures, pre-freeze time 4h.
Embodiment 4
A method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 2kg, take to clean up with clear water afterwards, in colloid mill, pull an oar, colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles making beating 40 minutes adds little water by slurry dilution evenly in pulping process.After making beating, slurry is carried out to lyophilization, material filling thickness is 20mm, sets pre-freeze temperature-35 DEG C, operating pressure 55Pa, 65 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 75 DEG C of resolution temperatures, pre-freeze time 6h.
Ganoderma lucidum product provided by the invention is Powdered, can be prepared into very easily various preparations and further apply.
While choosing Ganoderma sporophore, general plucking time is annual 5 ~ June, and now Ganoderma bud is not isolated cap and bacterium plate, is only bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, and touch feeling does not produce lignifying, more soft, and ambient temperature is higher.
The product that above embodiment 3 is prepared is made preparation, and the preparation making with existing conventional method carries out performance test contrast test, and process and result are as follows:
The cryodesiccated product fill capsule preparing according to embodiment 3 methods, hereinafter to be referred as LINGZHI JIAONANG
, specification: 0.2g/ grain, character is chocolate brown powder.The LINGZHI JIAONANG making according to a conventional method
.
Conventional method: ripe Ganoderma sporophore crushed after being dried is to certain fineness, and directly fill becomes hard capsule and get final product.
Experimental animal and grouping: select the clean level CKF1 of Shanghai Slac Experimental Animal Co., Ltd.'s breeding for 250 of Healthy female mices, body weight is 19.2 ~ 21.9g.
Mice is divided into two large group of I, II at random by body weight, and 50 mices of every large group, are divided into 4 dosage groups, 10 of each dosage groups.Wherein I group mice carries out the test of NK cytoactive;
group mice carries out Turnover of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages and engulfs chicken red blood cell test.
Dosage: the human body recommended dose 1.2g/ people/day (with 60kg weighing machine) of LINGZHI JIAONANG, establish LINGZHI JIAONANG
high dose group 0.6g/kgbw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANG
high dose group 0.6g/kgbw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANG
low dose group 0.4g/kgbw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANG
low dose group 0.4g/kgbw/d, separately establishes 0g/kgbw/d group and replaces given the test agent with sterilized water.Given the test agent is prepared with sterilized water, LINGZHI JIAONANG
high dose group, LINGZHI JIAONANG
high dose group concentration is 60mg/mL, LINGZHI JIAONANG
low dose group, LINGZHI JIAONANG
low dose group concentration is 40mg/mL, and per os gives the given the test agent of mice corresponding dosage once a day, and mouse stomach amount is 0.1mL/10gbw.Gavage is measured every enhancing immunity functional parameter after 1 month continuously.
Experiment test method:
(1) DNFB inducing mouse delayed allergy (DTH)---ear swelling method
The continuous gavage of each sample treated animal is after 1 month, and every Mus shaves off belly wool with shaving a mao machine, the about 3cm × 3cm of scope, and with 10mg/mL DNFB solution, 50 μ L evenly smear sensitization.Within 5th, be evenly applied in mouse right ear (two sides) with 10mg/mL DNFB solution 10 μ L afterwards and attack, after attacking, mice is put to death in 24h cervical vertebra dislocation, cuts left and right auricular concha, takes off diameter 8mm auricle with card punch, weighs.
Represent the degree of DTH by the difference of left and right ear weight.The weight difference of given the test agent group is significantly higher than the weight difference of matched group, can judge this experimental result positive.
(2) NK cytoactive detection---determination of lactate dehydrogenase method
The continuous gavage of each sample treated animal 1 month, mice is put to death in cervical vertebra dislocation, the aseptic spleen of getting, be placed in the little plate that fills appropriate aseptic Hank ' s liquid, grind spleen, make single cell suspension, filter through 200 eye mesh screens, wash 2 times with Hank ' s liquid, each centrifugal 10min(1000r/min), abandoning supernatant upsprings cytoplasm, add 0.5 mL aquesterilisa 20 seconds, after splitting erythrocyte, add again 2 times of Hank ' s liquid of 0.5 mL and 8mL Hank ' s liquid, centrifugal 10min(1000r/min), with resuspended containing 10% calf serum RPMI1640 complete culture solution, counting after 1% glacial acetic acid dilution, the blue dyeing counting viable count of platform phenol (all more than 95%), adjusting cell concentration with RPMI1640 complete culture solution is 2 × 10
7individual/mL.
Before test, 24h, by target cell (YAC-1 cell) cultivations of going down to posterity, washes 3 times with Hank ' s liquid before application, with RPMI1640 complete culture solution adjustment cell concentration be 4 × 10
5individual/mL.Get the each 100 μ L(effect targets of YAC-1 cell and splenocyte than 50:1) add in U-shaped 96 well culture plates, YAC-1 cell Spontaneous release hole adds YAC-1 cell and the each 100 μ L of culture fluid, the maximum release aperture of YAC-1 cell adds YAC-1 cell and the each 100 μ L of 1%NP40, above-mentioned every three parallel holes of all establishing, in 37 DEG C, 5%CO
2in incubator, cultivate 4h, then by 96 well culture plates with the centrifugal 5min of 1500r/min, draw at the bottom of supernatant 100 μ L horizontalizations in 96 well culture plates in every hole, add LDH substrate liquid 100 μ L simultaneously, reaction 10min, every hole adds the HCl 30 μ L of 1mol/L, measures optical density value at microplate reader 490nm place.
The NK cytoactive of given the test agent group is significantly higher than the NK cytoactive of matched group, can judge this experimental result positive.
Experimental result:
The impact (± SD) of the each sample sets of table 1 on DNFB inducing mouse DTH
2, the impact of each sample sets on NK cells in mice activity
Per os gives the different sample of mice 1 month, and NK cytoactive is through sin
-1p
1/2(P is NK cytoactive, decimally represent) carries out homogeneity test of variance after transforming, and meets homogeneity of variance requirement, carries out statistical disposition with the comparative approach between two of mean between multiple experimental grouies in one factor analysis of variance method and a matched group.From table 2 result, LINGZHI JIAONANG
dosage 0.6g/kgbw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANG
0.6g/kgbw/d group phagocytic index is higher than 0g/kgbw/d group, and difference have statistical significance (
p< 0.05).
The impact (± SD) of the each sample sets of table 2 on NK cells in mice activity
Conclusion
LINGZHI JIAONANG
, LINGZHI JIAONANG
0.6g/kgbw/d group per os gives mice one month, carries out mouse cell immunologic function and NK cytoactive detection.Result demonstration, in DNFB inducing mouse DTH experiment, LINGZHI JIAONANG
, LINGZHI JIAONANG
0.6g/kgbw/d group auricular concha increases weight higher than 0g/kgbw/d group, difference have statistical significance (
p< 0.05).In NK cells in mice activity experiment, LINGZHI JIAONANG
, LINGZHI JIAONANG
0.6g/kgbw/d group and 0g/kgbw/d group relatively, difference have statistical significance (
p< 0.05).
Under this experiment condition, LINGZHI JIAONANG
, LINGZHI JIAONANG
all there is enhancing immunity function.
The present invention is to LINGZHI JIAONANG
, LINGZHI JIAONANG
carry out content detection simultaneously, the results are shown in following table:
As can be seen from the above results, the active constituent content of the ganoderma lucidum product that method provided by the invention prepares has very large difference compared with conventional method, wherein the content of ganoderan is that traditional method makes more than 3 times of ganoderma lucidum product, the content of Ganoderma triterpenoids is nearly 5 times that traditional method makes ganoderma lucidum product content, and in the ganoderma lucidum product that method provided by the invention prepares also have SOD, in traditional method, do not have, illustrate that method provided by the invention can better preserve the effective ingredient of Ganoderma, further improve the using value of the ganoderma lucidum product that this law prepares.
Claims (5)
1. a method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma, is characterized in that, chooses and reveals tender shoots and not lignified Ganoderma sporophore, and cleaning after gathering, making beating, lyophilization obtain powder, then carry out cold preservation.
2. the method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma according to claim 1, is characterized in that, choose reveal tender shoots and not when lignified Ganoderma sporophore Ganoderma bud basset and be no more than 15 days.
3. the method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma according to claim 1, is characterized in that, making beating is used colloid mill, and setting grinding out footpath is 0.5cm, beating time 10～40 minutes.
4. the method for machining at low temperature Ganoderma according to claim 1, is characterized in that, lyophilization condition is material filling thickness 5～20mm, the pre-freeze time is 3～6h, pre-freeze temperature-20～-35 DEG C, operating pressure 35～55Pa, 45～65 DEG C of sublimation temperatures, 55～75 DEG C of resolution temperatures.
5. the preparation that the ganoderma lucidum product that the method for the machining at low temperature Ganoderma described in claim 1-4 any one prepares is made.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104584859A (en) * | 2015-01-01 | 2015-05-06 | 曾建斌 | Production method for soft edible lucid ganoderma |
| CN104886540A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 苏州葛家坞生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ganoderma lucidum pork liver paste |
| CN105285970A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-03 | 四川峨眉仙山中药有限公司 | Refrigerating processing technology of glossy ganoderma powder |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104584859A (en) * | 2015-01-01 | 2015-05-06 | 曾建斌 | Production method for soft edible lucid ganoderma |
| CN104886540A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 苏州葛家坞生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ganoderma lucidum pork liver paste |
| CN105285970A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-03 | 四川峨眉仙山中药有限公司 | Refrigerating processing technology of glossy ganoderma powder |
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| CN103893223B (en) | 2016-11-23 |
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