CN103884635A - Vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103884635A CN103884635A CN201410141997.2A CN201410141997A CN103884635A CN 103884635 A CN103884635 A CN 103884635A CN 201410141997 A CN201410141997 A CN 201410141997A CN 103884635 A CN103884635 A CN 103884635A
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Abstract
The invention provides a vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device. The vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device comprises a testing earth pillar, a first Marriotte bottle and a second Marriotte bottle, wherein the first Marriotte bottle is connected with the bottom of the testing earth pillar; the second Marriotte bottle is connected with the top of the testing earth pillar; the testing earth pillar comprises a coarse sand part at the bottom, a soil part at the upper part and a separation layer padded between the coarse sand part and the soil part; the soil part is filled with soil; the coarse sand part is filled with sand gravels with the grain diameter of 2-7mm; a plurality of rows of sampling holes are formed in the side wall of the soil part along the vertical direction of the testing earth pillar; the coarse sand part has a plurality of vertically-distributed water outlet holes. The invention further provides a testing method of the vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device. According to the vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device and the testing method of the vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device, the first Marriotte bottle, the second Marriotte bottle, and the coarse sand part and the soil part of the testing earth pillar are arranged so as to accurately simulate the relation between the field soil and underground water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit and test method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar and infiltrate test unit and test method thereof, be mainly used in Study of The Underground water level surge flow irrigation Intermittent Infiltration soil moisture, Nitrogen Transportation Regularity and the mechanism that affects on quality of groundwater under fertilizer application condition when darker.
Background technology
Industrialized agriculture is by changing physical environment, obtain biological optimum growing condition, making agricultural production turn to a kind of means of " scientific and technological interdependent type " from " the interdependent type of resource ".Owing to thering is certain environment conditioning function, can break away from various degree the restriction of disadvantageous natural environmental condition and limited land resource, carry out that the anniversary produces and space is extended and produced, improve the output of crop and the utilization factor of land resource thereby reach, the contradiction of alleviating Chinese people.
But, for avoiding the deterioration of soil environment quality and quality of groundwater in facility, how accurately to simulate the relation between field soil and underground water, grasp Nitrogen Transportation Regularity and the impact on quality of groundwater, become important topic to be solved at present.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar that can accurately simulate the relation between field soil and underground water to infiltrate test unit and test method thereof.
A kind of vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar infiltrate test unit, comprise test earth pillar, the first Ma Shi bottle and the second Ma Shi bottle, described the first Ma Shi bottle connects the bottom of this test earth pillar, described the second Ma Shi bottle connects the top of this test earth pillar, described test earth pillar comprises the coarse sand portion of bottom, the soil portion on top, and between this coarse sand portion and soil portion, pad is established a wall, soil is equipped with in described soil portion, the sandy gravel that particle diameter is 2 ~ 7mm is equipped with in described coarse sand portion, the sidewall of described soil portion is established some row's thief holes along test earth pillar vertical, described coarse sand portion is provided with the apopore of some vertical arrangement.
The test method that vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as described above infiltrates test unit, comprises the following steps:
By 1.5 meters of underground water table of described the first Ma Shi bottle control, in the time that in the first Ma Shi bottle, the water yield is unchanged in one day, the capillary that is judged to be to rise is stable;
First pour water varying head to testing the top water supply of earth pillar by tank quota, carry out determining head water supply by the second Ma Shi bottle again, according to first the close rear thin time interval is read accumulation infiltration capacity by the second Ma Shi bottle, variation by test earth pillar observation vertical wetted depth with the time of infiltrating, supply water corresponding time of stage end, interval of rest end and continuous infiltration in each cycle of Intermittent Infiltration, and NO in distributed process 1d, 3d, 5d, observation soil moisture content, soil again after cutting off the water
3 -nO in-N content and underground water
3 --N content distribution.
Compared with prior art, vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar of the present invention infiltrate test unit and test method thereof by the first Ma Shi bottle, the second Ma Shi bottle, the test coarse sand portion of earth pillar and the setting of soil portion, accurately simulate the relation between field soil and underground water.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar of the present invention infiltrate the structural representation of test unit.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the draining collecting pipe of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
For technical scheme of the present invention can more clearly be showed, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, for the vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar of a preferred embodiment of the present invention infiltrates test unit 100, comprise a test earth pillar 10, connect the bottom of this test earth pillar 10 the first Ma Shi bottle 20, connect the second Ma Shi bottle 30 at the top of this test earth pillar 10.
This test earth pillar 10 comprises the coarse sand portion 11 of a bottom and the soil portion 12 on top, and between this coarse sand portion 11 and soil portion 12, pad is established a wall 13.In the present embodiment, test earth pillar 10 has the cylinder of opening for hollow and sealed bottom, top, and test earth pillar 10 can adopt organic glass to make; Test earth pillar 10 is divided into described coarse sand portion 11, soil portion 12 from the bottom to top, particle diameter be housed be the sandy gravel of 2 ~ 7mm in coarse sand portion 11 with simulate formation saturated aquifer, unsaturation homogeneous soil is housed with simulation field upper layer of soil in soil portion 12, this test soil sample through air-dry, pulverize, sieve, water distribution, by design soil weight layering (5cm) dress soil, between sandy gravel and unsaturation homogeneous soil, wall 13 is set, in order to avoid the soil of soil portion 12 enters coarse sand portion 11, its intermediate interlayer 13 is poor thin sea or filter paper of elasticity.
Further, it is highly 200cm that draining collecting pipe 40 is tested earth pillar 10, internal diameter is 15cm, the height of this coarse sand portion 11 is 40cm, on the sidewall in coarse sand portion 11 of test earth pillar 10, some apopores 110 are set, the quantity of this apopore 110 is 6, and from top to bottom vertical arrangement is on the sidewall of coarse sand portion 11, and the spacing of adjacent two apopores 110 is 5cm.
The sidewall in soil portion 12 of test earth pillar 10 is along the vertical four row's thief holes 50 of establishing of test earth pillar 10.The aperture 1.5cm of each thief hole 50, uses rubber stopper shutoff.In same row's thief hole 50, the center distance of two adjacent thief holes 50 is 5cm, and adjacent two row's thief holes 50 apart from 2.5cm arranged crosswise, so can avoid soil sample spacing excessive with upright opening, reduce the possibility of test leakage nitrogen content peak value.Understandably, on the sidewall of described coarse sand portion 11, be provided with equally four row's thief holes 50, diameter spacing is all identical with the thief hole 50 of soil portion 12, and is arranged in order with the thief hole 50 of described soil portion 12.
The first Ma Shi bottle 20 is connected with the bottom of test earth pillar 10.Particularly, the bottom of test earth pillar 10 is provided with feed water inlet 18, and described the first Ma Shi bottle 20 connects this feed water inlet 18 with simulate formation water system, wherein realizes the control to underground water table by the air admission hole height of adjusting the first Ma Shi bottle 20.Described the second Ma Shi bottle 30 connects the top of described test earth pillar 10, and particularly, the top of described test earth pillar 10 is provided with water inlet 19, and described the second Ma Shi bottle 30 connects this water inlet 19.
Further, vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar infiltrate test unit 100 and also comprise draining collecting pipe 40, insert test earth pillar 10 from draining collecting pipe patchhole 110 one end of draining collecting pipe 40, and the other end of draining collecting pipe 40 is exposed at outward outside test earth pillar 10, the insertion end sealing of this draining collecting pipe 40, outboard end forms freeing port 41, and the internal diameter of this draining collecting pipe 40 is 8mm, the hole wall of this draining collecting pipe 40 is provided with the charge for remittance hole 42 that aperture is 2mm, with the sampling of ground water NO that ensures to obtain
3 --N(nitrate nitrogen) concentration can represent the mean value in sample location surface level.Draining collecting pipe 40 is made up of copper pipe, and described freeing port 41 use hoses and clip shutoff before test, avoids leaking.
Further, in order to alleviate, each cycle adds water and the destruction of drainage procedure to the close layer of top layer caused by soil, (row) water that enters of offering a high 0.3cm, wide 4.0cm at the sidewall of test earth pillar 10 stitches (figure is mark not), enter the opening of (row) water seam near test earth pillar 10, this outside of entering (row) water seam is provided with tank 16, supplying water, the initial stage in stage adds water to tank 16 by beaker, in tank 16 bottoms, the ozzle 161 that discharges water is installed, can supply water in the discharge cycle and finish the ponding of rear test earth pillar 10 upper surfaces, the soil infiltration water yield reads by the first Ma Shi bottle 20.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned vertical saturated test method of infiltrating test unit 100 with unsaturation earth pillar that uses, and comprises the steps:
Step (1): control 1.5 meters of underground water table by the first Ma Shi bottle 20, in the time that the water yield is unchanged in one day in the first Ma Shi bottle 20, the capillary that is judged to be to rise is stable; Test water regime in earth pillar 10 and reached 1.5 meters of equilibrium moisture conditions under water level condition;
Step (2): first pour water varying head to testing the top water supply of earth pillar 10 by tank 16 quotas, carry out determining head water supply by the second Ma Shi bottle 30 again, according to first the close rear thin time interval is read accumulation infiltration capacity by the second Ma Shi bottle 30, observe the variation of vertical wetted depth with the time of infiltrating by test earth pillar 10, supply water corresponding time of stage end, interval of rest end and continuous infiltration in each cycle of Intermittent Infiltration, and NO in distributed process 1d, 3d, 5d, observation soil moisture content, soil again after cutting off the water
3 -nO in-N content and underground water
3 --N content distribution.
Wherein, in step (2), observation vertical wetted depth is by adopting small-sized earth boring auger to sample the thief hole 50 of test earth pillar 10, sampling being carried out to soil basis determining.
Vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar of the present invention infiltrate test unit 100 and for the main contents of studying are:
(1) the influencing characteristic research of soil initial aqueous rate to soil capillary water uphill process, Investigation of Upward Movement of Soil Water characteristic;
(2) continuous infiltration and Intermittent Infiltration soil nitrogen transport characteristics; Analyze under surge flow irrigation and continuous irrigation condition, migration of nitrogen and the impact of conversion on groundwater environment, set up the relation between the soil moisture content of infiltrating in ground moistening depth range distributes and nutrient density distributes;
(3) impact of surge flow irrigation technology essential factor (circulating rate, periodicity, cycle water supply time) on soil moisture content distribution, Nitrogen Transport and conversion characteristic under certain groundwater level depth condition; Soil moisture content and NO within the scope of depth of wetted soil are infiltrated in research
3 -the regularity of distribution of-N concentration; Analyze Nitrogen Transport, transform the impact on nitrogen concentration in underground water and distribution thereof;
(4) impact on groundwater level depth 150cm soil moisture and Nitrogen Transport, conversion characteristic of fertilization mode, irrigating water quota and rate of fertilizer application and Nitrogen Transport thereof, the impact research of conversion on groundwater environment; The impact of soil initial aqueous rate on soil capillary water uphill process and Nitrogen Transport, conversion characteristic.
The above embodiment has only expressed one embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (9)
1. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar infiltrate test unit, comprise test earth pillar, the first Ma Shi bottle and the second Ma Shi bottle, it is characterized in that: described the first Ma Shi bottle connects the bottom of this test earth pillar, described the second Ma Shi bottle connects the top of this test earth pillar, described test earth pillar comprises the coarse sand portion of bottom, the soil portion on top, and between this coarse sand portion and soil portion, pad is established a wall, soil is equipped with in described soil portion, the sandy gravel that particle diameter is 2 ~ 7mm is equipped with in described coarse sand portion, the sidewall of described soil portion is established some row's thief holes along test earth pillar vertical, described coarse sand portion is provided with the apopore of some vertical arrangement.
2. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 1 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: also comprise some draining collecting pipes, each draining collecting pipe level is corresponding inserts the apopore of described coarse sand portion; The insertion end sealing of each draining collecting pipe, outboard end forms freeing port, and the hole wall of this draining collecting pipe is provided with some charges for remittance hole.
3. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 2 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described draining collecting pipe is 8mm, and the aperture in each charge for remittance hole is 2mm.
4. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 1 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: the height of described test earth pillar is 200cm, and internal diameter is 15cm; The height of described coarse sand portion is 40cm, and the spacing of described apopore is 5cm.
5. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 1 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: the aperture 1.5cm of described each thief hole, the center distance of same row's thief hole is 5cm, adjacent two row's thief holes with upright opening apart from 2.5cm arranged crosswise.
6. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 1 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: described wall is poor thin sea or filter paper of elasticity.
7. vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 1 infiltrate test unit, it is characterized in that: top one sidewall of described test earth pillar is offered the watering slot of a high 0.3cm, wide 4.0cm, the outside of this watering slot is provided with tank, tank is added water by beaker at the initial stage in stage of supplying water, the ozzle that discharges water is installed in the bottom of this tank.
8. the test method that the vertical saturated and unsaturation earth pillar as described in any one in claim 1-7 infiltrates test unit, comprises the following steps:
By 1.5 meters of underground water table of described the first Ma Shi bottle control, in the time that in the first Ma Shi bottle, the water yield is unchanged in one day, the capillary that is judged to be to rise is stable;
First pour water varying head to testing the top water supply of earth pillar by tank quota, carry out determining head water supply by the second Ma Shi bottle again, according to first the close rear thin time interval is read accumulation infiltration capacity by the second Ma Shi bottle, variation by test earth pillar observation vertical wetted depth with the time of infiltrating, supply water corresponding time of stage end, interval of rest end and continuous infiltration in each cycle of Intermittent Infiltration, and NO in distributed process 1d, 3d, 5d, observation soil moisture content, soil again after cutting off the water
3 -nO in-N content and underground water
3 --N content distribution.
9. vertical saturated test method of infiltrating test unit with unsaturation earth pillar as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: observation vertical wetted depth is by adopting small-sized earth boring auger to sample the thief hole of test earth pillar, sampling being carried out to soil basis determining.
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| CN105277470A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-27 | 赵海超 | Experimental device used for simulating water transporting process in soil |
| CN105547779A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field water capacity soil sample manufacturing method and device and measuring method |
| CN106442932A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Testing device for simulating field underground water level control |
| CN106644878A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Multilayer soil infiltration water amount measuring system, method and construction method |
| CN107957383A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-04-24 | 长安大学 | Simulate experimental rig and method of the unsaturation with transient flow-steady-state flow transformation mechanism |
| CN108645894A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-12 | 北京交通大学 | Monitor NAPLs migration process and test method of phase transformation in unsaturated soil |
| CN109490150A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Heterogeneous soils hole predominant current simulation experiment method and device |
| CN109669025A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-23 | 南昌工程学院 | The imitative experimental appliance and its experimental method in a kind of biomass carbon improvement red soil lift field |
| CN109682948A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of imitative experimental appliance and its experimental method of charcoal improvement red soil |
| CN110208262A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-09-06 | 武汉大学 | A kind of method of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil |
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Cited By (17)
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| CN105277470B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-01-30 | 赵海超 | For simulating the experimental provision of soil moisture migration process |
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| CN106442932B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-12-04 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of experimental rig of simulation field level of ground water control |
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| CN106644878A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Multilayer soil infiltration water amount measuring system, method and construction method |
| CN106644878B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2023-10-27 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Multi-layer soil infiltration amount measurement system, method and construction method |
| CN107957383A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-04-24 | 长安大学 | Simulate experimental rig and method of the unsaturation with transient flow-steady-state flow transformation mechanism |
| CN108645894A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-12 | 北京交通大学 | Monitor NAPLs migration process and test method of phase transformation in unsaturated soil |
| CN110208262A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-09-06 | 武汉大学 | A kind of method of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil |
| CN109490150A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-19 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Heterogeneous soils hole predominant current simulation experiment method and device |
| CN109490150B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Heterogeneous soil pore advantage current simulation test method and device |
| CN109669025A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-23 | 南昌工程学院 | The imitative experimental appliance and its experimental method in a kind of biomass carbon improvement red soil lift field |
| CN109682948A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of imitative experimental appliance and its experimental method of charcoal improvement red soil |
| CN109682948B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2024-01-12 | 南昌工程学院 | Simulation experiment device and simulation experiment method for improving red soil by using biochar |
| CN109669025B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2024-01-12 | 南昌工程学院 | Simulation experiment device and method for improving red soil by using biomass charcoal |
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Application publication date: 20140625 |