CN103783407A - 一种低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适用于糖尿病人的低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法,其原料组成为:麦麸:100份;豆渣:25~65份;小麦胚芽:3~8份;聚葡萄糖:4~9份;木糖醇:4~8份;麦芽糊精:3~7份。本发明针对肥胖人群低能量摄入和糖尿病人群低糖摄入的需要,应用了酶法风味修饰和品质改良及双螺杆热塑挤压技术,将豆渣和麦麸进行高值化利用,有效利用了豆渣和麦麸中的蛋白质和膳食纤维等营养物质。本发明提供了一种有效利用小麦、大豆副产物的方法,增加经济效益,减少资源浪费,降低环境污染;产品的可溶性膳食纤维含量提高,对人体健康有着重要的生理功能,丰富了糖尿病人食品的种类。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法,尤其是一种适用于糖尿病人的低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法。
(二)背景技术
近年来,我国肥胖症的发病率明显增加,减肥已经刻不容缓。目前较为常见的预防和治疗肥胖的方法有药物疗法、饮食疗法、运动疗法和行为疗法四种,但不管是哪种疗法都需要配合低热量饮食以增加减肥效果。
糖尿病作为继心血管疾病、肿瘤后危害人类健康的第三大疾病,发病率持续上升并呈年轻化的趋势,目前年龄介于10至12岁的儿童也不乏患上糖尿病,这使对降糖食品的研究和开发更加迫切和重要。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种适用于糖尿病人的低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法。
本发明针对肥胖人群低能量摄入和糖尿病人群低糖摄入的需要,应用了双螺杆挤压膨化技术,将豆渣和麦麸进行巧妙利用,结合品质改良技术,目的在于提供一种同时适合肥胖者和糖尿病人食用的食品的配方及其制备技术,有效利用豆渣和麦麸中的蛋白质和膳食纤维等营养物质。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法,所述方法包括:
(1)取质量之比为100:25~65:3~8:4~9:4~8:3~7的麦麸、豆渣、小麦胚芽、聚葡萄糖、木糖醇、麦芽糊精混合均匀,得混合物料;麦麸、豆渣、小麦胚芽需预先粉碎至40目以上;
(2)接菌发酵:取总质量为混合物料质量0.025~0.8%的(w/w)按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母(均为安琪酵母股份有限公司生产),分散至质量占全部原料(混合物料+水+酵母)总质量25~35%(w/w)的水中,与步骤(2)的物料充分混合后,静置过夜,进行发酵产香与品质改良;
(3)采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行挤压成型与酵母活性终止处理,控制参数为:进料速度65~90r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为130~155r/min,挤压温度为125~160℃;
(4)挤压产物55~85℃下干燥,粉碎、过筛,包装,即得所述低能量挤压代餐粉。
豆渣和麦麸富含膳食纤维,与食物混合摄入人体后,其中的可溶性纤维吸水使食物膨胀,产生饱腹感,减少人体摄入的总能量,既能降低体重,又能减轻糖尿病患者饥饿的痛苦,小麦胚芽常作为糖尿病的辅助食品,而聚葡萄糖是一种水溶性膳食纤维,既可以减少进食量,并从人体内带走多余的脂肪和能量,还可在胃肠壁上形成薄膜,阻止葡萄糖的吸收,阻碍营养素转化成热能,这就有效的起到减肥的功效。木糖醇是糖类代谢的正常中间体,在没有胰岛素时,也能透过细胞膜被组织吸收利用,在消化道内吸收速度较慢,不会引起体内血糖升高,热稳定好,与氨基酸一起加热不产生化学反应。木糖醇的血糖指数低,作为甜味剂,摄入人体后,能减少血中的游离脂肪,调整脂类的代谢,因而使脂肪组织生成减少,抑制肥胖。麦芽糊精自身具有良好的分散性,加入产品中可促进代餐粉分散,用于豆奶粉和速溶麦片是可以增强产品的协调性,改善产品的品质,使产品具有良好的口感和速溶增稠效果,避免沉淀分层现象,而且能吸收豆腥味,延长保质期。麦芽糊精不会像蔗糖那样迅速被人体消化吸收而引起血糖的剧烈波动,且成本低廉。
优选的,所述麦麸、豆渣、小麦胚芽、聚葡萄糖、木糖醇、麦芽糊精质量之比为100:30:4:4:5:5。
本发明的有益效果主要表现在:
(1)麦麸是小麦磨取面粉后筛下的种皮,豆渣是豆奶或豆腐生产过程中的副产物,该类原料当今并未作为食品原辅料使用;本发明提供一种有效且高值化利用小麦、大豆副产物的方法,以增加经济附加值,减少资源浪费,降低环境污染。
(2)高活性干酵母的使用有效增强了酯香和醇香等香气成分,抑制了豆腥味等,改善了制品色泽,并大大提高了产品的诱食性。
(3)原料经过双螺杆挤压膨化,由于强烈的挤压和剪切力的作用,部分不溶性膳食纤维转化为可溶性膳食纤维,产品的可溶性膳食纤维含量提高了8.1%,这对增加胃部饱满感、减少食物摄入量、预防肥胖和降低餐后血糖水平有较好的作用。
(4)本发明获得的产品为代餐粉,既可以作为辅料添加到其他健康食品中,增加饱腹感,减少能量食品的摄入,也可以加工成各种形状的美味食品,如面条、丸子、饼干等,丰富糖尿病人食品的种类。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明方法流程图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
本发明所用原料来源如下:麦麸和小麦胚芽为杭州恒天面粉集团有限公司制备面粉后的副产物(其含水量约为13.5%);豆渣为杭州华源豆制品有限公司的豆腐渣,后经78℃热风干燥至终水份9%的干物料;聚葡萄糖为郑州康源化工产品有限公司产品;木糖醇为浙江开化华康药业有限公司产出品;麦芽糊精为德清三富食品有限公司产品;低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母均为安琪酵母股份有限公司产品。
实施例1:
原料配比:
麦麸:1000g;豆渣:300g;小麦胚芽:40g;聚葡萄糖:40g;木糖醇:50g;麦芽糊精:50g。上述原料的可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)为14.50%(w/w干重计)。
方法:
(1)物料粉碎:将麦麸、小麦胚芽和豆渣原料粉碎至40目以上,依照以上质量配比称重混合,得混合物料。
(2)接菌发酵:称取质量为混合物料质量0.8%(w/w)的按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母,分散至质量占全部原料总质量25%(w/w)的水中,与步骤(1)的混合物料充分混合后,静置过夜(15℃,12小时),进行水分平衡及酵母的发酵产香与品质改良。
(3)热塑挤压:采用双螺杆挤压机,控制参数为:调节进料速度为70r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为135r/min,挤压温度为140℃。
(4)烘干粉碎:将物料平铺于恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥,设定温度为60℃。
(5)烘干后,用高速捣碎机将物料粉碎,过80目筛子,包装,获得低能量代餐粉,可常温贮藏。
经该工艺技术处理获得的代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至23.21%,且色泽淡黄,质地细腻,有醇、酯诱食芳香,豆腥味基本消失,用水冲调分散性良好。
实施例2:
原料:麦麸:1000g;豆渣:350g;小麦胚芽:50g;聚葡萄糖:45g;木糖醇:60g;麦芽糊精:50g。上述原料的可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)为14.65%。
方法:将麦麸、小麦胚芽和豆渣原料粉碎至40目以上并依照以上质量份数比进行原料的称重混合,得混合物料;称取质量为混合物料质量0.35%(w/w)的按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母,分散至质量为全部原料总质量35%(w/w)的水中,并与上述麦麸等混合物料充分混合后,静置过夜(15℃,12小时),进行水分平衡及酵母的发酵产香与品质改良;再采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行热塑挤压处理,调节进料速度为80r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为150r/min,挤压温度为125℃。将挤出物置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中,设定温度为70℃。烘干后,用高速捣碎机将物料粉碎,过80目筛子,包装即可常温贮藏。
经该工艺技术处理获得的代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至23.76%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,稍有豆腥和麦香味,用水冲调分散性良好。
实施例3:
原料:麦麸:2000g;豆渣:90g;小麦胚芽:120g;聚葡萄糖:100g;木糖醇:80g;麦芽糊精:80g。上述原料的可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)为12.71%。
方法:将麦麸、小麦胚芽和豆渣原料粉碎至40目以上并依照以上质量份数比进行原料的称重混合,得混合物料;称取质量为混合物料质量0.025%(w/w)的按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母,分散至质量为全部原料总质量30%(w/w)的水中,并与上述麦麸等混合物料充分混合后,静置过夜(15℃,12小时),进行水分平衡及酵母的发酵产香与品质改良;再采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行热塑挤压处理,调节进料速度为65r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为130r/min,挤压温度为160℃。将挤出物置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中,设定温度为65℃。烘干后,用高速捣碎机将物料粉碎,过80目筛子,包装即可常温贮藏。
经该工艺技术处理获得的代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至21.35%,色泽偏暗,质地细腻,有少许焦糊味和豆腥味,用水冲调分散性良好。
实施例4:
原料:麦麸:3000g;豆渣:1500g;小麦胚芽:90g;聚葡萄糖:210g;木糖醇:150g;麦芽糊精:180g。上述原料的可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)为16.12%。
方法:将麦麸、小麦胚芽和豆渣原料粉碎至40目以上并依照以上质量份数比进行原料的称重混合,得混合物料;称取质量为混合物料质量0.15%(w/w)的按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母,分散至质量为全部原料总质量30%(w/w)的水中,并与上述麦麸等混合物料充分混合后,静置过夜(15℃,12小时),进行水分平衡及酵母的发酵产香与品质改良;再采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行热塑挤压处理,调节进料速度为90r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为155r/min,挤压温度为150℃。将挤出物置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中,设定温度为80℃。烘干后,用高速捣碎机将物料粉碎,过80目筛子,包装即可常温贮藏。
经该工艺技术处理获得的代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至25.05%,色泽淡黄均匀,质地细腻,无明显豆腥味和麦麸香味,诱食性好,用水冲调分散性佳。
实施例5:
本实施例中,各个组分按照以下质量份数比:麦麸:100份;豆渣:30份;小麦胚芽:4份;聚葡萄糖:4份;木糖醇:5份;麦芽糊精:5份。
其他同实施例1。所得代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至23.25%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,香味浓郁,用水冲调分散性好。
实施例6:
本实施例中,各个组份依照以下质量份数比:麦麸:100份;豆渣:35份;小麦胚芽:5份;聚葡萄糖:4.5份;木糖醇:6份;麦芽糊精:5份。
其他同实施例1。所得代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至24.09%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,香味适口性好,用水冲调分散性良好。
实施例7:
本实施例中,各个组份依照以下质量份数比:麦麸:100份;豆渣:45份;小麦胚芽:6份;聚葡萄糖:5份;木糖醇:4份;麦芽糊精:4份。
其他同实施例1。所得代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至24.16%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,香味与水冲调分散性良好。
实施例8:
本实施例中,各个组份依照以下质量份数比:麦麸:100份;豆渣:50份;小麦胚芽:3份;聚葡萄糖:7份;木糖醇:5份;麦芽糊精:6份。
其他同实施例1。所得代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至24.71%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,无明显豆腥味,香味与水冲调分散性良好。
实施例9:
本实施例中,各个组份依照以下质量份数比:麦麸:100份;豆渣:60份;小麦胚芽:7份;聚葡萄糖:9份;木糖醇:4份;麦芽糊精:3份。
其他同实施例1。所得代餐粉中可溶性膳食纤维含量(不含聚葡萄糖)提高至25.53%,色泽均匀,质地细腻,稍有豆腥味,香味适口性和水冲调分散性较好。
Claims (2)
1.一种低能量挤压代餐粉的加工方法,所述方法包括:
(1)取质量之比为100:25~65:3~8:4~9:4~8:3~7的麦麸、豆渣、小麦胚芽、聚葡萄糖、木糖醇、麦芽糊精混合均匀,粉碎;
(2)取总质量为混合物料质量0.025~0.8%的按1:1混合的安琪低糖高活性干酵母和生香高活性干酵母混合物,分散至质量占全部原料总质量25~35%的水中,与步骤(2)的物料充分混合后,静置过夜;
(3)采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行挤压成型与酵母活性终止处理,控制参数为:进料速度65~90r/min,模头直径10mm,螺杆转速为130~155r/min,挤压温度为125~160℃;
(4)挤压产物55~85℃下干燥,粉碎、过筛,包装,即得所述低能量挤压代餐粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述麦麸、豆渣、小麦胚芽、聚葡萄糖、木糖醇、麦芽糊精质量之比为100:30:4:4:5:5。
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