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CN103783030A - Method of controlling pests by combination of insect predator Carabussmaragdinus Fischer and Metarrhiziumanisopliae - Google Patents

Method of controlling pests by combination of insect predator Carabussmaragdinus Fischer and Metarrhiziumanisopliae Download PDF

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CN103783030A
CN103783030A CN201310739100.1A CN201310739100A CN103783030A CN 103783030 A CN103783030 A CN 103783030A CN 201310739100 A CN201310739100 A CN 201310739100A CN 103783030 A CN103783030 A CN 103783030A
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ground beetle
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muscardine fungus
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CN103783030B (en
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秦兴虎
吴惠惠
刘玉升
张泽华
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Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biological control, in particular to a method of controlling pests by the combination of the insect predator Carabussmaragdinus Fischer and Metarrhiziumanisopliae. The method includes the step of releasing the Carabussmaragdinus Fischer which is inoculated with Metarrhiziumanisopliae. The novel biological control technique focuses on the combination of 'pest control via pest' and 'pest control via bacteria' in biological control; the novel control method is explored. Control by long-term praying of the predator and the advantages and mix control of all types of Metarrhiziumanisopliae are given to full play, the control effect is significantly improved, the predator and the Metarrhiziumanisopliae are ready at any moment to be formulated for use, the effect is good, and lasting time is long. Manpower and material resources are saved. Microbial pesticides can be spread by passing and moving of the Carabussmaragdinus Fischer, biological diversity is promoted, and continuous pest control is achieved.

Description

The method of the green ground beetle of a kind of predatory natural enemy insect and green muscardine fungus combination pest control
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological control field, particularly, relate to the method for the green ground beetle of a kind of predator and green muscardine fungus combination pest control.
Background technology
In recent decades, rely on chemical pesticide and abuse chemical pesticide due to simple, so that occurred 3R, not only kill and wound natural enemy, disturbed the Natural control action of natural enemy, and jeopardized people's safety, biological control is more and more profoundly understood and extensive use by people.
Biological control, the method that refers to utilize the generation of beneficial organism and metabolite control pest population thereof or reduce harm.Generally refer to worm and control worm, control bacterium, cure the disease with bacterium with bacterium, control the methods such as grass, transgenic breeding, property telergone with bacterium.Biopesticide refers to the preparation that utilizes biological living (fungi, bacterium, insect viruses, genetically modified organism, natural enemy etc.) or its metabolite to kill or suppress for agricultural pest.That biopesticide has is free from environmental pollution,, product noresidue lasting to people and other biological safety, preventive and therapeutic effect, the high specificity that kills and wounds to sick worm; be easy to same other plant safeguard measure cooperation and can save the advantages such as the energy, will in integrated pest control, bring into play more and more important effect.
Metarhizium is in Eumycota (Eumycota) Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina) gang pyrenomycetes (Pyren-mycetes) Spheeriales (Sphaeriales) Clavicipitaceae (Clavisipitetaceae), it is the important biocontrol fungi of a class, can parasitic various insects, be widely used aborning, according to incompletely statistics, the whole world approximately has 200 various insects can be lethal by this fungal infection.This bacterium pathogenicity is strong, effective, to people, animal and crops nonhazardous, is that on our times, one of maximum entomogenous fungi is applied in research.
Fungi biological prevention and control agent has the property of tagging, popularity, the environmentally safe and feature such as be difficult for developing immunity to drugs.Utilize entomogenous fungi pest control to become an importance take biological control as the main comprehensive regulation, entomogenous fungi is the important factor that naturally regulates of pest population and the important materials of biological control of insect pests.At present, the Metarrhizium anisopliae preparation approximately more than 10 of research and development is both at home and abroad planted, wherein, have the greatest impact and the most successful example be Britain CABI Bio2science locust biological control international cooperative project (LUBILOSA) development kill locust Metarhizium Biological Pesticide, in Africa registration, operation, large area, for the control of desert locust, becomes effective locust biological prevention and control agent.
Green ground beetle Carabus (Coptolabrus) smaragdinus Fischer von Waldheim is subordinate to coleoptera Coleoptera, the Carabidae of Carabidae, the Carabini of ground beetle family, ground beetle belongs to Carabus, it is a kind of predatory natural enemy insect resource that has important value, be distributed at home northern most of province, be distributed in abroad the Siberian southeast, Far-east Area of Russia and Korea S.This worm battalion predatism life, mainly, take earthworm as food, plays an important role to maintaining ecological balance.Green ground beetle is the important predator in farmland, and it becomes, larva prey ability is strong, Quick off the mark, and special happiness food snail, lepidopterous insects, also take food grub, locust etc., utilizes this ground beetle control agricultural pests to have broad application prospects
But it is low that biological control at present exists preventive effect, the problems such as resource is single, and prevention and control mode is single are disperseed, prevented and treated to resource.Therefore integration of innovational resources, the mode of action of innovation biological control, improving biological control preventive effect is biological control urgent problem.Green muscardine fungus has stronger host specificity, nontoxic to the green ground beetle of predatory natural enemy insect, logical edge ground beetle, black ground beetle etc., therefore, by predator stronger mobility and entomogenous fungi combination, can either bring into play the function of predator predation insect, can utilize again natural enemy insect carry muscardine spore powder and propagate on a large scale, use manpower and material resources sparingly, the probability that increases insect green stiff fungus infection, causes the epiphytotics generation of green muscardine fungus.Predator and two kinds of biopesticides of green muscardine fungus are organically combined Control pests, and associating effect of bringing into play both has boundless application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for the green ground beetle of a kind of predator and green muscardine fungus combination pest control.
The present invention utilizes the combination of the green ground beetle entomogenous fungi of predatory natural enemy insect green muscardine fungus, brings into play the advantage of each form biopesticide, improves scope and the preventive effect of control pest, effectively the biopesticide of the safety non-pollution of Control pests.
The method of the green ground beetle of predator according to the present invention and green muscardine fungus combination pest control comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation muscardine spore powder;
(2) green to green muscardine fungus and predatism ground beetle is combined;
(3) to be stained with the ground beetle invasion and attack insect of conidial powder.
The method according to this invention, preparation green muscardine fungus 10 7~10 8individual spore/ml, wetting powder green muscardine fungus 100-200 hundred million spores/gram.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, green to green muscardine fungus and predatism ground beetle to be combined, step is as follows:
(1) prepare a plastic casing that can hold the 1m*0.7 left and right of ground beetle;
(2) green muscardine fungus wetting powder is sprinkling upon in big box to conidial powder thickness 0.2cm left and right;
(3) ground beetle is put into wherein;
(4) by 100 times of suspension emulsion dilutions, use and box sizableness, the gauze of thickness 1cm left and right, soaks gauze with the suspension emulsion after dilution;
(5) gauze that is stained with muscardine spore powder is laid in the box that fills ground beetle, gauze is covered ground beetle, wait for and gauze can be taken off for 5-10 minute, the ground beetle that is stained with conidial powder in box can discharge, for pest control.
This method can be used for preventing and treating migratory locusts, grassland grasshopper, fall webworm, snail, slug, white star brevitarsis, beet webworm, black cutworm, large cutworm, apple tip hawk noctuid, Phalera flavescens, white tiger moth, diaphania, mulberry geometrid (Hemerophila atrilineata), gypsymoth etc. according to the feeding habits different and green ground beetle of Metarrhizium anisopliae preparation.
It is low that biological control at present exists preventive effect, and the problems such as resource is single, and prevention and control mode is single are disperseed, prevented and treated to resource.Therefore integration of innovational resources, the mode of action of innovation biological control, improving biological control preventive effect is biological control urgent problem.The present invention proposes a kind of new biological prevention, be conceived to that both combine by " controlling worm with worm " in biological control and " controlling worm with bacterium ", explore a kind of novel controlling way.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. predatism ground beetle has taking food property of wide spectrum and can control various pests, and predation and mobility are stronger, and scope of activities is wider.
2. microbial pesticide derives from natural environment, the single-minded parasitism of tool.
3. the biology such as pair people, animal is safer, and environmentally safe is nuisanceless, green, safety.
4. pair natural enemy is safer, and it has the selectivity to target pest poisoning, is not easy to develop immunity to drugs.
5. production technology is fairly simple, and the expenses such as exploitation and registration are lower than characteristics such as chemical pesticides.
6. performance predator is preyed on prevention and control for a long time, the each formulation advantage of green muscardine fungus and mixing preventive effect, and control efficiency significantly improves
7. use at any time preparation at any time, effective, the duration is long.
8. use manpower and material resources sparingly, can utilize shuttling back and forth of ground beetle with activity, microbial pesticide to be propagated, promote bio-diversity, realize the sustainable control of insect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is corrected mortality curve map.
Fig. 2 shows that green muscardine fungus processes the impact on green ground beetle adult lethality.
Fig. 3 shows that green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle and various combination process the lethal power of Asiatic migratory locust, wherein, and I: discharge separately green ground beetle; II: use separately green muscardine fungus; III: discharge green ground beetle and use green muscardine fungus simultaneously; IV: discharge after green ground beetle inoculation green muscardine fungus.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1.1 test material
The nymph of a locust in 3 ages: pick up from plant protection institute of Taian Shandong Shandong Agricultural University Asiatic migratory locust breeding base.Kill the female powder LS20041884 of locust muscardine spore: fungal farm chemicals Development Engineering center, Chongqing provides.Metarhizium anisopliae conidial powder is diluted to 10 with 0.2% tween solution 5individual/mL, 10 6individual/mL, 10 7individual/mL, 10 8individual/mL, for subsequent use.Green ground beetle derives from Shandong Agricultural University's plant protection institute environmental organism and insect resources research institute, and the green ground beetle of raising with Asiatic migratory locust, through the Asiatic migratory locust predatory feeding domestication of a year.
1.2 Metarhizium anisopliaes are to Asiatic migratory locust toxicity test
Employing is soaked malicious method and is processed examination worm, draws the muscardine spore liquid of 2uL with pipettor, will after nymph of a locust back immersion muscardine spore liquid, take out 15, every cage.0.2% tween solution of 2uL for control group.Each group is processed and is repeated 3 times.After inoculation, examination worm is placed on to T=(28 ± 1 ℃), humidity is that the environment pilot scale of 50%~70%, 24h illumination is supported.Every morning, feed once new maize leaves remove foreign material of 7:30 recorded the quantity of nymph of a locust death simultaneously, continuous observation until the corrected mortality of each group reach more than 80%.The locust of checkmating since the 3rd day is taken out and carries out moisturizing (culture dish is spread the filter paper soaking with sterile water or put the absorbent cotton soaking, and each locust corpse can not contact to some extent, finally records the bombys batryticatus rate of locust).
(individual/g)=[inoculum density (individual/mL) × inoculation volume (mL)]/examination polypide is heavy for dosage of inoculation
Corrected mortality: M=(t ﹣ c)/(100 ﹣ c) × 100%
M: corrected mortality c: contrast lethality t: process lethality
Detect the regression equation of statistic between each processing by variance analysis, Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method.
The raw result of surveying shows, a few days ago all without nymph of a locust death, is 10 × 10 since the 3rd day spore concentration 7(individual/mL) and 1.0 × 10 8(individual/mL) has nymph of a locust death, and corrected mortality is respectively 4.67% and 11.13%.Along with the increase of number of days, the lethality of polypide is also increasing.The 10th day time, spore concentration is 1.0 × 10 8the processed group of (individual/mL), corrected mortality reaches 100%, and now, spore concentration is 1.0 × 1.0 7individual/mL, 1.0 × 10 6individual/mL, 1.0 × 10 5the processed group of individual/mL, corrected mortality is respectively 93.33%, 75.57%, and 64.46%.The 14th day time, the corrected mortality of all processed group is all 100%.
From table 1 Metarhizium anisopliae to 3 age Asiatic migratory locust the result of pathogenicity can find out, in the significance level of confidence level 95%, spore concentration is 1.0 × 10 6individual/mL, 1.0 × 10 5individual/mL to 3 age Asiatic migratory locust the difference of pathogenicity very remarkable, and 1.0 × 1.0 7individual/mL, 1.0 × 10 8individual/mL to 3 age Asiatic migratory locust the difference of pathogenicity not obvious.Totally, it seems, LD 50size order be 1.0 × 10 8individual/mL < 1.0 × 10 7individual/mL < 1.0 × 10 6individual/mL < 1.0 × 10 5individual/mL, wherein, the spore concentration of best results is 1.0 × 10 8individual/mL.
Table 1 is processed the corrected mortality (%) of the rear nymph of a locust
Figure BDA0000447123300000051
Table 2 Metarhizium anisopliae to 3 age Asiatic migratory locust pathogenicity
Figure BDA0000447123300000052
Note: with different letter representation significant differences after column data, Duncans method, P<0.05
1.3. green muscardine fungus is to green ground beetle safety evaluatio
Get 0.1 muscardine spore powder and make its surrounding be uniformly coated on 1m × 0.7m plastic casing, make plastic casing cover last layer bacterium powder.50 green ground beetles are put into box yellow mealworm forage feed, record green ground beetle death condition every day.After green ground beetle death, to its moisturizing processing, whether check has bombys batryticatus to occur.If do not execute bacterium powder for contrast, 3 repetitions of every processing.
Observed and recorded is processed and without lethality and the bombys batryticatus rate of green ground beetle every day of green muscardine fungus processing through green muscardine fungus, green ground beetle after life 36d except Mortality, second generation larva occurs and is movable good, other all enter the state of surviving the winter, processed group and control group survival curve substantially coincide (Fig. 2).Control group is the appearance of second generation larva in the time of 27 days, and second generation larva also appearred in the green ground beetle of green muscardine fungus processing in the time of 33 days; Between processing, carry out variance analysis, probability P r>F, illustrates that green muscardine fungus processed group and contrast are without significant difference.Dead green muscardine fungus is carried out to moisturizing processing, after 10d, all do not find the growth of green muscardine fungus mycelia, illustrate that green muscardine fungus is to green ground beetle adult safety.
The control action that 1.4 green muscardine funguss are combined to Asiatic migratory locust with green ground beetle
Field modeling green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle different composite form Asiatic migratory locust lethal effect, use 1m 3shroud field feed 3 age Asiatic migratory locust, before test, process 1 day hungry green ground beetle.Process I(green ground beetle to the lethal power of Asiatic migratory locust): choose healthy green ground beetle female, male each one, put into and contain shrouding of 10 3 Asiatic migratory locusts in age; Process II: by concentration 1 × 10 8individual/mL green muscardine fungus microbial inoculum 2ul is sprayed onto migratory locusts in shrouding and above food, the parasitic lethality rate of observed and recorded green muscardine fungus to Asiatic migratory locust (Asiatic migratory locusts in 3 ages); Process III: throw in female, male each one of healthy ground beetle, spray green muscardine fungus microbial inoculum, predation rate and the green muscardine fungus parasitic lethality rate to Asiatic migratory locust (Asiatic migratory locusts in 3 ages) of the green ground beetle of observed and recorded to Asiatic migratory locust simultaneously; Process IV: throw in the green ground beetle of inoculating through metarrhizium agent, the compound lethality rate of the green ground beetle after observed and recorded entomogenous fungi is compound to Asiatic migratory locust (Asiatic migratory locusts in 3 ages).CK: spray 2ul sterile water to not putting containing in the shrouding of 10 Asiatic migratory locusts in contrast of green ground beetle and green muscardine fungus, each processing in triplicate, every day, foodstuff was changed in timing, add up respectively the lethality rate of Asiatic migratory locust every day, and the Asiatic migratory locust that has green muscardine fungus processing is taken out and carries out moisturizing, observe the bombys batryticatus rate of calculating.
Green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle various combination show Asiatic migratory locust simulation field trial; 2 kinds of various combination processing methods of green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle (process III, process IV) reach respectively 83.33%, 100% to the correction lethality rate of Asiatic migratory locust, be all significantly higher than the processing of green muscardine fungus single dose 66.67% and green ground beetle single dose processed group 83.33%; But the significance of difference between 2 kinds of different combinations, may be because the interaction relationship between green ground beetle and green muscardine fungus and Asiatic migratory locust three is relevant, cause singly granting complex role mode different from action function.Meanwhile, use green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle and not by the processing III of both combinations, green ground beetle predation rate is than processing I and processing IV declines to some extent.Dong Hui (2005) proves that ground beetle does not take food by the locust of green muscardine fungus parasitism, and therefore this may be because green ground beetle has been identified by parasitic Asiatic migratory locust, thereby reduce its predation.And the green muscardine fungus infection rate of processing III rises than processing I and processing IV, this may decline due to the Asiatic migratory locust vitality of being frightened by green ground beetle predation or baited, and injured Asiatic migratory locust is more easily infected; Meanwhile, green ground beetle, as the communication media of green muscardine fungus, has increased spread scope and the probability of green muscardine fungus, also makes Asiatic migratory locust more easily be subject to infecting of green muscardine fungus.
Test and also show, green ground beetle declines with the worm increase in age of locust to the success rate that takes food of locust.After 14d, locust is most of sprouts wings, and locust individual number on average remains unchanged for continuous 4.2 days.Composite score, by best to the control action effect of Asiatic migratory locust to green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle compound use, the composite mode of this combination, both human and material resources, financial resources had been saved take green ground beetle as communication media, bring into play again advantage and the function of each form biopesticide, improve scope and the preventive effect of control pest, the breaking out and endanger of effective Control pests of safety non-pollution.
Comparison between table 3 different disposal Asiatic migratory locust predation rate, infection rate and lethality rate
Figure BDA0000447123300000061
Figure BDA0000447123300000071
Note: with different letter representation significant differences after column data, Duncans method, P<0.05
Although prior art has report, while utilizing disease fungus pest control, can jeopardize natural enemy, but the present invention overcomes the problems referred to above, as long as filter out suitable fungal pathogen, risk is dropped to minimum degree.The green muscardine fungus purifying obtaining is diluted to different concentration by the present invention, then, using the green muscardine fungus after the Asiatic migratory locust of artificial feeding and green ground beetle and dilution as test material, employing infusion method is inoculated into green muscardine fungus with it green ground beetle, carry out toxicity test, proved that green muscardine fungus is safe to green ground beetle, two kinds of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion methods can be used simultaneously.Then carry out field modeling test, by observing the activities such as the parasitic and predation of green ground beetle to Asiatic migratory locust of green muscardine fungus to Asiatic migratory locust, studied the effect that green muscardine fungus and green ground beetle are prevented and treated Asiatic migratory locust jointly.Use green ground beetle to spray green muscardine fungus simultaneously and process and throw in the green ground beetle inoculated through metarrhizium agent and the control effect of Asiatic migratory locust is all significantly higher than to green muscardine fungus single dose infects with green ground beetle and prey on separately, and the green ground beetle that metarrhizium agent was inoculated is best to Asiatic migratory locust control effect.
Green muscardine fungus and the predatism ground beetle combination that the present invention adopts also has good effect for control lepidoptera pest as noctuid, peach fruit borer, oriental fruit moth etc., combine Metarrhizium anisopliae preparation used and other large-scale predatism ground beetles by change, can be for the prevention and control of more pests and improvement.
The present invention proves that natural enemy and pathogenic microorganism can act synergistically and controls harmful insect have larger synergistic effect, the green ground beetle build of predatism is large, there is mobility strong, the advantages such as predation insect is wide, some ground beetle energy Grasshopper, carry spore convenient, disseminate green muscardine fungus bacterium spore scope and efficiency high, so, by predator stronger mobility and entomogenous fungi combination, can either bring into play the function of predator predation insect, can utilize again natural enemy insect carry muscardine spore powder and propagate on a large scale, use manpower and material resources sparingly, increase the probability of insect green stiff fungus infection, cause the epiphytotics generation of green muscardine fungus.Therefore, green predator ground beetle and two kinds of biopesticides of green muscardine fungus are organically combined Control pests, associating effect of bringing into play both has boundless application prospect.
Embodiment 2
Predatism walks green ground beetle mass rearing and breeding, and chooses the adult that violent mobility is stronger, female-male proportion 1:1.
Obtain fermenting green muscardine fungus conidial powder, be processed into wetting powder: with the former medicine of green muscardine fungus, inert filler and a certain amount of auxiliary agent, through abundant co-grinding, reach certain particle size and make wetting powder in proportion.Through experimental study and biological test, the muscardine spore wetting powder of best-fit meets:
1. content, green muscardine fungus active constituent content 100-200 hundred million spores/g; 2. suspensibility 93%; 3. wetting time: wetability 56 seconds.4. acid-base value (pH value) PH=7.8.5. moisture: moisture is less than 3%. muscardine spore wettable powder agent prescriptions and is: by weight, 60% spore, 30% filler, 8% blender, 2% wetting agent.
Suspension emulsion preparation: muscardine spore, salad oil are made into emulsion in proportion; and add ascorbic acid to protect spore activity; add SDS finally to make suspension emulsion as emulsifier; through experimental study and test; the muscardine spore suspension emulsion proportioning of best-fit is: spore/salad oil ratio 15%; 0.2% ascorbic acid, 0.1SDS.
Wetting powder is directly sprinkling upon in plastic casing, and thickness reaches 0.1-0.3cm, and ground beetle is put in a large number, every large 150-200 left and right of ground beetle of putting into
About thickness 1cm gauze is soaked with the suspension emulsion of dilution, gauze is layered on above the ground beetle in box, contact ground beetle, allows the ground beetle back side be stained with spore.
Wait for 5-15 minute, ground beetle polypide speckles with muscardine spore, can be discharged into field.

Claims (4)

1. a method for the green ground beetle of predator and green muscardine fungus combination pest control, is characterized in that, described method comprises the step of throwing in the green ground beetle of inoculating through metarrhizium agent.
2. the method for the green ground beetle of predator according to claim 1 and green muscardine fungus combination pest control, is characterized in that, described insect is locust, noctuid, peach fruit borer or oriental fruit moth.
3. the method for the green ground beetle of predator according to claim 1 and green muscardine fungus combination pest control, is characterized in that, described metarrhizium agent is muscardine spore powder, and its concentration is 10 7~10 8individual spore/ml.
4. the method for the green ground beetle of predator according to claim 1 and green muscardine fungus combination pest control, it is characterized in that, described metarrhizium agent is the wetting powder green muscardine fungus that muscardine spore powder is processed into, its green muscardine fungus active constituent content 100-200 hundred million spores/g.
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