CN103684518A - Radio frequency circuit shared by transmitting and receiving matching networks based on on-chip transformer - Google Patents
Radio frequency circuit shared by transmitting and receiving matching networks based on on-chip transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transceiver structure which integrates TR-SW and is shared by transmitting and receiving matching networks based on an on-chip transformer. The transceiver is used in a wireless communication radio frequency front-end circuit. The transceiver structure is based on the on-chip transformer, and integrates circuit original parts which are difficultly integrated, such as the impedance matching networks of a transmitter and a receiver, TR_SWITCH and the like, on a chip, thus the chip integration is greatly improved, and the cost is reduced. According to the invention, the on-chip impedance networks of the receiver and the transmitter are shared; a switch is used to control the alternate conduction of the transmitter and the receiver; the number of the original parts of the impedance matching networks on the chip is reduced; and the chip area is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the transceiver architecture of a kind of high integration in radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, belongs to field of radio frequency communication.
Background technology
Recently decades, radio communication has obtained huge development.This is to become more convenient because radio communication can make people's life on the one hand, and mobile terminal can keep the exchange at any time of information, and real-time is high; On the other hand, the cost reducing gradually makes the consumer group to become increasing, and the function that wireless terminal is undertaken is also more and more.The product that cost performance is high is subject to user's support and welcome always, so just to hardware designer, has higher requirement: reduce costs.
The kind of integrated circuit can be divided into analog circuit (comprising radio circuit) and digital circuit.The complexity of digital circuit has very big difference, and the digit chip that General Requirements is not high all can adopt large-sized technique to reduce costs; And the more complicated fast digital chip of function can carry out continuing to optimize of algorithm under selected technique, to both can improve the operating rate of chip, can reduce again the area of chip, reach the object reducing costs.For analog circuit, under set technique, can adopt comparatively simple circuit structure, reduce the area of domain; Also can realize the multiplexing of certain module, as time-multiplexed transceiver can be controlled the larger baseband filter of area to be connected on respectively on transmitter branches or receiver branch road by sequence switch.
The structure of comparatively general radio frequency transceiver as shown in Figure 1.When transceiver is in emission state time, the control switch of T/R-SWITCH is opened transmitter path, digital signal enters the Analog Baseband of transmitter, the filtered analog signal with amplifying is converted to radio frequency domains by the frequency mixer (TX_MIXER) of transmitter by useful signal, PA transfers signals on antenna by the matching network outside sheet after radiofrequency signal is further amplified, and antenna is mapped to signal amplitude in transmission medium again.When transceiver is in accepting state time, the control switch of T/R-SWITCH is opened receiving path, antenna sends by useful signal the signal receiving to LNA input port on sheet after the outer matching network of sheet of receiving terminal, LNA amplifies useful signal, noise outside inhibition zone, the useful radiofrequency signal of LNA output is sent into the frequency mixer (RX_MIXER) of receiver, RX_MIXER down-converts the signals to Analog Baseband, and analog signal is amplified and filtering processing is sent into numeric field by analog to digital converter (ADC) later.
This transceiver architecture is simple, and it is all integrated in active circuit part in chip, and impedance matching network and the T/R-SWITCH of sending and receiving end have accomplished on pcb board.Because radio circuit is responsive especially for parasitism, so that the impedance matching network of sending and receiving end need to be done is very accurate.But the domain, pad key and line, encapsulating package and the chip output that comprise radio circuit are difficult to estimate accurately at parasitisms such as pcb board upward wirings, so impedance matching network is generally all placed on the pcb board outside sheet, can, by changing the inductance of different value and the impedance matching that electric capacity is done sending and receiving end, increase as much as possible the efficiency of signal transmission like this.But this structure greatly reduces integrated level, because be no matter L-type matching network, Pi type matching network, T-shaped matching network or the matching network of high-order (Fig. 2) more, every road signal all needs at least two elements to complete coupling.When transmitting and receiving when being all single-ended signal, in impedance matching network, the number of element is at least 4; When being output as differential signal on transmitting-receiving Bigpian, at least need 8 elements to complete matching network.These elements can take the area that pcb board is very large, and the size of pcb board is increased, and it is large that the ground of radio circuit becomes, and both affected the performance of circuit, increased again cost.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the present invention designs a kind of circuit structure, and the impedance matching network of integrated transceiver, to chip, completes the design of T/R-SWITCH simultaneously on sheet; Secondly, the structure of impedance matching network is simple as much as possible, uses inductance and the electric capacity of minimal number as far as possible, reduces the area of chip, reduces costs.
The present invention discloses a kind of transmitting-receiving matching network based on on-chip transformer and shares the also transceiver architecture of integrated TR-SW, for radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and transmitting path, this circuit comprises on-chip transformer and transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH, and on-chip transformer and transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH are integrated in radiofrequency signal transceiver chip; On-chip transformer is as radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and the shared impedance matching network of transmitting path, transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH controls the work schedule of radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and transmitting path, realizes the switching of radiofrequency signal receiving path and transmitting path.
The main cause that impedance matching network is realized outside sheet is: the parasitism of radio circuit is difficult to estimate accurately.From pcb board port to inside circuit, seeing into can be by the device such as cabling, metallic bond and line, pad of pcb board, and the parasitism that these devices are introduced can change the S parameter of on-chip circuit port.
Transformer can, by the energy of the signal in primary coil by electromagnetic coupled, pass the signal in the secondary coil of transformer.By primary coil and Capacitance parallel connection, can optimize the power transmission efficiency of real transformer.When PA does load with transformer, circuit structure as shown in Figure 4.Actual transformer is with logical device, its can be in the logical scope of certain band by the Energy Coupling of primary coil in secondary coil, but the free transmission range of transformer is larger, when realizing narrow band communication, a lot of noise signals also can be by transformer coupled to the load of secondary coil.In order to realize again the selection of arrowband in the passband of transformer, can be at a variable capacitance array C2 of the primary coil L1 place of transformer parallel connection.In capacitor array, switch conduction is more, and the electric capacity that is parallel to ground is larger, and the passband of the transformer of selection is just the closer to low frequency, and the schematic diagram that frequency is selected as shown in Figure 5.Capacitor resonance network can increase the gain of passband, but the width of passband can reduce.In Fig. 5, the scope of dotted line is the pass-band performance that there is no resonant capacitance; The arrowband high gain characteristics that solid line partly determines for switched capacitor array.
The signal of antenna reception can convert single-ended signal to differential signal through transformer, and differential signal is transferred to the input port of LNA through impedance matching network.When adopting transformer as the circuit theory diagrams of the core devices of single-ended signal slip sub-signal and impedance matching as shown in Figure 6.Primary coil is now L2, and secondary coil is L1, regulates C2 and C3 to determine the free transmission range of transformer, and wherein C2 and C3 are variable capacitance array.Secondary coil is the output of band centre tap difference, respectively the differential signal of phase difference 180 degree is sent to the positive-negative input end mouth of LNA.
Variable capacitance C2, variable capacitance C3 are the combination in any of switched capacitor array and voltage controlled capacitor array.The capacitance of variable capacitance C3 can be 0.
For the uncertainty of the device parasitisms such as cabling, metallic bond and line, pad of pcb board, in order to complete good impedance matching, can be by regulating and the size of the electric capacity of primary coil resonance regulates the characteristic of impedance matching.As long as the frequency that the logical scope of the band of design of transformer can covering design needs, by the control of capacitor array, can move to passband on required frequency.This characteristic of transformer can well overcome the parasitic inaccurate situation of estimating.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The system block diagram of Fig. 1 conventional transceiver structure
Fig. 2 impedance matching network structure (a) L-type coupling (b) Pi type coupling (c) T-shaped coupling
Fig. 3 be take transformer as basic new transceiver architecture
Fig. 4 does the circuit theory diagrams of the PA of load with transformer
The bandpass characteristics of Fig. 5 transformer
Fig. 6 does the poor LNA electrical block diagram that turns single and impedance matching of input with transformer
Fig. 7 SW1 is closed, the work schematic diagram of transceiver circuit when SW2 opens
Fig. 8 SW2 is closed, the work schematic diagram of transceiver circuit when SW1 opens
Embodiment
In transceiver architecture, the multiplex technique of circuit module can be saved the area of chip, effectively reduces cost; The integrated chip of simultaneous altitude can reduce the component number outside sheet, also can aspect cost, show larger advantage.The present invention has improved integrated two aspects from multiplexing and sheet the structure of transceiver.
Transceiver architecture of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.The function of T/R-SWITCH is controlled by interrupteur SW 1 and SW2.When SW1 is closed, when SW2 opens, transmitter path is opened.Now the output port of PA is connected on the primary coil L1 of transformer by SW1, variable capacitance array C2 is connected across between the input port and ground of L1, variable capacitance array C3 is connected across between the input port and ground of L2, by regulating the size of C2 and C3, select the frequency band of PA work, realize the power match of transmitting path.The centre tap of L1 now by switching over to VDD PA state, be PA power supply.When removing the open circuit branch road that SW2 controls, the circuit diagram of emission state (closed SW1 is considered as wire) as shown in Figure 7 now.
When SW2 is closed, when SW1 opens, receiver path is in running order.Now the primary coil of transformer has become L2, secondary coil becomes L1, variable capacitance array C3 is connected across between the input port and ground of L2, variable capacitance array C2 is connected across between the input port and ground of L1, regulate the value of C2 and C3, select the working band of LNA, realize the power match of receiving path.The centre tap test of L1 connects DC potential VB LNA, for the input of LNA provides the biasing of direct current.Two ports of L1 have been connected to the input of LNA by SW2, the signal receiving has been sent into LNA.When removing the open circuit branch road that SW1 controls, the circuit diagram of accepting state (closed SW2 is considered as wire) as shown in Figure 8 now.
SW1 and SW2 control respectively the transmitter branches of transceiver and receiver branch road, and these two control signals can not be high (effective value) simultaneously, otherwise transmit-receive switch will open simultaneously, change the port identity of transformer, also can be with the leakage of energy.The foundation of the model of on-chip transformer, can realize by electromagnetic-field simulation instruments such as ADS or HFSS.When transceiver is normally worked, the frequency of the frequency that receiver receives and transmitter radiation can be very close even identical, so just realized with a transformer and completed and transmit and receive two-part impedance matching property.In switched capacitor array, the size of switch can be very large, to reduce the resistance of switch conduction, the energy loss while reducing radio signal transmission.
Claims (6)
1. the shared radio circuit of transmitting-receiving matching network based on on-chip transformer, for radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and transmitting path, it is characterized in that this circuit comprises on-chip transformer and transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH, on-chip transformer and transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH are integrated in radiofrequency signal transceiver chip; On-chip transformer is as radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and the shared impedance matching network of transmitting path, transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH controls the work schedule of radio frequency transceiver receiving path and transmitting path, realizes the switching of radiofrequency signal receiving path and transmitting path.
2. circuit as claimed in claim 1, for radiofrequency signal transceiver receiving path and transmitting path, it is characterized in that, variable capacitance C2 is in parallel with the coil L1 of on-chip transformer, variable capacitance C3 is in parallel with the coil L2 of on-chip transformer by interrupteur SW 3, interrupteur SW 1 and interrupteur SW 2 compose in parallel transmitting-receiving control switch T/R-SWITCH, coil L1 centre tap connecting valve SW1 and interrupteur SW 2.
3. circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when SW1 closure, when SW2 opens, emission of radio frequency signals path is in running order, coil L1 becomes the primary coil of on-chip transformer, coil L2 becomes the secondary coil of on-chip transformer, the output port of power amplifier PA in radiofrequency signal transceiver is connected on the primary coil L1 of on-chip transformer, variable capacitance C2 is connected across between the input port and ground of coil L1, variable capacitance C3 is connected across between the input port and ground of coil L2, by regulating the size of C2 and C3 to realize the power match of transmitting path.
4. circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when SW2 closure, when SW1 opens, radiofrequency signal receiving path is in running order, coil L2 becomes the primary coil of on-chip transformer, coil L1 becomes the secondary coil of on-chip transformer, the input port of low noise amplifier LNA in radiofrequency signal transceiver is connected on the secondary coil L1 of on-chip transformer, variable capacitance C2 is connected across between the input port and ground of coil L1, variable capacitance C3 is connected across between the input port and ground of coil L2, by regulating the size of C2 and C3 to realize the power match of receiving path.
5. circuit as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, variable capacitance C2, variable capacitance C3 are the combination in any of switched capacitor array and voltage controlled capacitor array.
6. circuit as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the capacitance of variable capacitance C3 can be 0.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210351428.1A CN103684518A (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2012-09-18 | Radio frequency circuit shared by transmitting and receiving matching networks based on on-chip transformer |
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| CN201210351428.1A CN103684518A (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2012-09-18 | Radio frequency circuit shared by transmitting and receiving matching networks based on on-chip transformer |
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| CN103957024A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-30 | 锐迪科科技有限公司 | Radio frequency transmitting and receiving switch and operating method thereof |
| CN104079317A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-01 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Wireless duplexing transceiver |
| CN105245035A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-13 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency changer circuit based on magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission |
| CN105871408A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | Front-end circuit of radio-frequency chip and signal transmission method |
| CN106487402A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | The low-power consumption receiver rf front-end of radio frequency interface on comprehensive piece |
| CN106646193A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 重庆西南集成电路设计有限责任公司 | Bonding wire parasitic parameter testing and extracting method |
| CN108683434A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-10-19 | 上海亮牛半导体科技有限公司 | On piece suitable for permanent envelope non-linear modulation integrates transmitting-receiving matching network and method |
| CN108809262A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-13 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of restructural low power consumption and low cost supports the receiver front end of multi-frequency multi-mode |
| CN109474296A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-15 | 复旦大学 | Four-way phased array transceiver applied to 5G millimeter wave base station |
| CN109525262A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 株式会社东芝 | Receive circuit and wireless communication device |
| CN110932747A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 翱捷智能科技(上海)有限公司 | Integrated high-performance radio frequency transmit-receive switch |
| CN110995310A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-10 | 上海晶曦微电子科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and control method thereof |
| CN112311340A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 南京迈矽科微电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave variable gain power amplifier based on switch capacitor array regulation |
| CN112994726A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Switch-controlled common port structure of differential transceiver and differential transceiver thereof |
| CN112994727A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Transceiver structure employing independent differential single-ended converter and differential transceiver |
| CN112994728A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Common port architecture of differential transceiver and differential transceiver thereof |
| CN114401026A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-26 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | TR subassembly device is synthesized to radio frequency |
| EP3471140B1 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2022-05-18 | Nxp B.V. | Integrated circuit including a plurality of components including a transformer |
| CN115412123A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-29 | 山东兆通微电子有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and wireless communication chip |
| CN117890937A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 北京凯芯微科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front end of satellite navigation system, receiver and electronic equipment |
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| CN103957024B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2017-04-12 | 锐迪科科技有限公司 | Radio frequency transmitting and receiving switch and operating method thereof |
| CN103957024A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-30 | 锐迪科科技有限公司 | Radio frequency transmitting and receiving switch and operating method thereof |
| CN104079317B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-06-29 | 无锡中感微电子股份有限公司 | wireless duplex transceiver |
| CN104079317A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-01 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Wireless duplexing transceiver |
| CN105245035A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-13 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency changer circuit based on magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission |
| CN105871408A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | Front-end circuit of radio-frequency chip and signal transmission method |
| CN105871408B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-02-26 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | A kind of method of front-end circuit and the signal transmission of radio frequency chip |
| CN106487402A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | The low-power consumption receiver rf front-end of radio frequency interface on comprehensive piece |
| CN106487402B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | The low-power consumption receiver rf front-end of comprehensive on piece radio frequency interface |
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| CN106646193A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 重庆西南集成电路设计有限责任公司 | Bonding wire parasitic parameter testing and extracting method |
| CN109525262A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 株式会社东芝 | Receive circuit and wireless communication device |
| CN109525262B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2021-05-04 | 株式会社东芝 | Receiving circuit and wireless communication device |
| EP3471140B1 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2022-05-18 | Nxp B.V. | Integrated circuit including a plurality of components including a transformer |
| CN108809262A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-13 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of restructural low power consumption and low cost supports the receiver front end of multi-frequency multi-mode |
| CN108809262B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-09-22 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Reconfigurable receiver front end with low power consumption and low cost for supporting multiple frequencies and multiple modes |
| CN108683434A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-10-19 | 上海亮牛半导体科技有限公司 | On piece suitable for permanent envelope non-linear modulation integrates transmitting-receiving matching network and method |
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| CN109474296A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-15 | 复旦大学 | Four-way phased array transceiver applied to 5G millimeter wave base station |
| CN110932747A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 翱捷智能科技(上海)有限公司 | Integrated high-performance radio frequency transmit-receive switch |
| CN110932747B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-08-21 | 翱捷智能科技(上海)有限公司 | Integrated high-performance radio frequency transmit-receive switch |
| CN110995310A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-10 | 上海晶曦微电子科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and control method thereof |
| CN112311340B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-11-10 | 南京迈矽科微电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave variable gain power amplifier based on switch capacitor array regulation and control |
| CN112311340A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 南京迈矽科微电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave variable gain power amplifier based on switch capacitor array regulation |
| CN112994727A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Transceiver structure employing independent differential single-ended converter and differential transceiver |
| CN112994728A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Common port architecture of differential transceiver and differential transceiver thereof |
| CN112994726A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳市南方硅谷半导体有限公司 | Switch-controlled common port structure of differential transceiver and differential transceiver thereof |
| CN114401026A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-26 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | TR subassembly device is synthesized to radio frequency |
| CN114401026B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-12-01 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Radio frequency comprehensive TR assembly device |
| CN115412123A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-29 | 山东兆通微电子有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and wireless communication chip |
| CN115412123B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-05-28 | 杭州兆通微电子有限公司 | Radio frequency front-end circuit and wireless communication chip |
| CN117890937A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 北京凯芯微科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front end of satellite navigation system, receiver and electronic equipment |
| CN117890937B (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-05-10 | 北京凯芯微科技有限公司 | Radio frequency front end of satellite navigation system, receiver and electronic equipment |
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Address after: 102209 Beijing, Beiqijia, the future of science and technology in the south area of China electronic network security and information technology industry base C building, Applicant after: Beijing CEC Huada Electronic Design Co., Ltd. Address before: 100102 Beijing City, Chaoyang District Lize two Road No. 2, Wangjing science and Technology Park A block five layer Applicant before: Beijing CEC Huada Electronic Design Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |