CN103577618A - Method for designing energy absorption box of automobile and method for designing same - Google Patents
Method for designing energy absorption box of automobile and method for designing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing an energy absorption box of an automobile. The method aims to solve technical problems that a method for designing an energy absorption box of an automobile in the prior art is relatively troublesome and complicated and design defects of the energy absorption box cannot be overcome easily. The method includes steps of presetting the length and a crushing rate of a target energy absorption box and acquiring a crushing distance of the energy absorption box by means of computation; acquiring theoretical energy absorbed by the energy absorption box during collision; dividing the theoretical energy absorbed by the energy absorption box during collision by the crushing distance of the energy absorption box to obtain theoretical average crushing force of the energy absorption box; computing actual average crushing force of energy absorption boxes with various alternate specifications; selecting proper specifications from the alternate specifications to design the target energy absorption box according to a principle that actual average crushing force of the energy absorption box is higher than or equal to the theoretical average crushing force of the energy absorption box. Compared with an existing method for designing an energy absorption box according to experience, the method has the advantages that the method is scientific, the designed energy absorption box has few defects, follow-up simulation, optimization and improvement on the energy absorption box can be carried out easily, the method is simplified, the design time can be shortened, and the design cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle energy absorption box design field, especially refer to automobile low speed collision energy-absorption box method for designing.
Background technology
The low speed collision of automobile is one of major reason of car insurance Claims Resolution to the infringement of automobile self.Current car insurance maintenance research association (RCAR) set " impact velocity of 15km/h, the rigidity obstacle collision of the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing (offset) " operating mode (hereinafter to be referred as: RCAR15 operating mode) to define automobile low speed collision performance, specifically refer to RCAR standard < < The Procedure for Conducting a Low Speed 15km/h Offset Insurance Crash Test to Determine the Damageability and Repairability Features of Motor Vehicles > >.Under this operating mode, after front energy-absorption box, the body structure (generally investigating longeron) of (or before rear energy-absorption box) is indeformable, can be evaluated as good low speed collision performance; Otherwise, be underproof low speed collision performance.The outer car insurance industry of Present Domestic in the industry mainly with the quality of this performance as assessment automobile one of the reference factor of amount of insuring.
In current car industry, the main stream approach of the energy-absorption box of design low speed collision security performance can be summarized as " Experience Design-optimization is analyzed ".The step of the method system can be sketched and be: after completing Automobile Classis General Layout, according to mark car experience and design requirement, every design parameter of given energy-absorption box, so-called design parameter as shown in Figure 1, comprises length, cross-section lengths, the cross-sectional width of energy-absorption box, the wall thickness of xsect and material etc.; Then slip-stick artist does simulation optimization improvement to energy-absorption box, so-called simulation optimization improves and comprises physical impacts test and simulation analysis etc., if energy-absorption box fails to reach design object, returns and redesigns rational energy-absorption box, re-start simulation optimization improvement etc., until meet RCAR15 working condition requirement.
Because traditional energy-absorption box method for designing is just according to design experiences and design requirement to mark car, therefore primary design energy-absorption box out does not usually reach target, cause follow-up have to repeatedly carry out simulation optimization improvement, its side's of design relative method very complicated, strengthen design cost, extended design period, and usually in follow-up simulation optimization improves, easily be subject to the constraint of chassis general arrangement in early stage, cause the design defect of energy-absorption box to be difficult to eliminate.
Summary of the invention
For solving the relative very complicated of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing in prior art, energy-absorption box design defect is difficult to the technical matters of eliminating.The invention provides a kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, comprise the steps:
The length of goal-selling energy-absorption box and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance that obtains energy-absorption box;
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption;
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained to the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box divided by its conquassation distance;
According to average crushing force formula, calculate various alternative specifications energy-absorption box actual average crushing force;
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force, be more than or equal to the principle of the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size and design target energy-absorption box.
Preferably, the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption obtains by the following method: set the virtual initial collision speed of car load in car crass and virtual complete vehicle quality, according to formula
calculate car load collision energy; According to the absorption energy of energy-absorption box, account for the energy-absorbing ratio of car load collision energy, calculate the theoretical energy that obtains energy-absorption box impact absorption.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio adopts the energy-absorbing ratio under RCAR15 collision operating mode, the rigidity obstacle collision of the impact velocity that wherein RCAR15 collision operating mode is 15km/h, the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio obtains by designer's Experience Design.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio is 45%～50%.
Preferably, energy-absorption box thin walled tube girder construction, adopts following formula to calculate the actual average crushing force of energy-absorption box:
F
realfor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σ
yfor metal plate material yield stress, the unilateral stretching stress-strain curve function that σ (ε) is material, ε is material strain, ε
fextensibility for material.
Preferably, also comprise that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
The present invention provides a kind of Automobile Design method in addition, comprises aforesaid vehicle energy absorption box method for designing.
Preferably, vehicle energy absorption box design in chassis general arrangement and shape-designing or before carry out.
Adopt vehicle energy absorption box method for designing of the present invention, by calculating the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box and for making the actual average crushing force of the various alternative specifications of energy-absorption box, and both are compared, choose the alternative specification making energy-absorption box that actual average crushing force is more than or equal to theoretical average crushing force, method for designing of the present invention is compared existing according to Experience Design science more, the energy-absorption box defect of designing still less, being easier to follow-up simulation optimization improves, method for designing is simplified, shorten design time, and reduced design cost.Due to can be before chassis general arrangement and design model or know exactly the design parameter of energy-absorption box simultaneously, have also avoided optimizing design defect in development in subsequent simulation and be difficult to the problem of eliminating.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To content of the present invention, be elaborated according to Figure of description below.
Schematic diagram before the collision of Fig. 1 vehicle energy absorption box;
Schematic diagram after the collision of Fig. 2 vehicle energy absorption box;
Vehicle energy absorption box design flow diagram in Fig. 3 specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, the method for designing according to the present invention, can understand for convenience from without to designing energy-absorption box, and the energy-absorption box that the method for designing according to the present invention is designed is called target energy-absorption box.
For making the present invention be easier to understand, first energy-absorption box structure is done to lower simple declaration herein.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, and its design parameter mainly comprises the length L of material, energy-absorption box
1, and energy-absorption box cross sectional dimensions; Above-mentioned cross sectional dimensions comprises cross-section lengths d, cross-sectional width b and xsect wall thickness t.The length L of energy-absorption box
1refer to that energy-absorption box does not collide deformation initial length before, energy-absorption box, after collision occurs, will cause deformation as shown in Figure 2, be energy-absorption box by the part of conquassation in figure shown in dotted portion, and the conquassation length of wherein setting energy-absorption box is L.Obviously, after energy-absorption box generation deformation, the length of energy-absorption box will become L
1-L.
As shown in Figure 3, vehicle energy absorption box method for designing provided by the invention, comprises the steps, length and the conquassation rate of default energy-absorption box are calculated the conquassation distance that obtains energy-absorption box;
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption;
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained to the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box divided by its conquassation distance;
According to average crushing force formula, calculate various alternative specifications energy-absorption box actual average crushing force;
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force, be more than or equal to the principle of the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size and design target energy-absorption box.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, each step is explained.
1, the length L of goal-selling energy-absorption box
1and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance that obtains energy-absorption box.
At the beginning of design, energy-absorption box length L
1can be by designer (as chassis general arrangement slip-stick artist and body structure slip-stick artist) in advance rule of thumb or with reference to given to the energy-absorption box length of mark car, such as, length with moulding face is as the criterion, the total length of guestimate longeron front end, engine width and longeron rear end, then in remaining length rule of thumb or with reference to mark car is carried out to the energy-absorption box length L of selected target car
1.
If its conquassation rate represents with symbol a.
Its conquassation rate is equally according to designer's experience or with reference to the energy-absorption box conquassation rate of mark car is determined.
The length L of target energy-absorption box 1 is multiplied by its conquassation rate a, can obtains the conquassation distance L of energy-absorption box.
Adopt formula L=L1*a to calculate and obtain conquassation distance L.
In the present embodiment, the energy-absorption box length of target carriage is chosen 150m m.According to design experiences, the conquassation rate a of the energy-absorption box of steel (conquassation distance L/initial length L1) is about 0.8 conventionally, the conquassation distance L=120mm of energy-absorption box.
2, obtain the theoretical energy E of energy-absorption box impact absorption
reason.
Set the virtual initial collision speed of car load in car crass and virtual complete vehicle quality, according to formula
calculate car load collision energy; According to the absorption energy of energy-absorption box, account for the energy-absorbing ratio α of car load collision energy, calculate the theoretical energy that obtains energy-absorption box impact absorption.
In the present embodiment, the RCAR15 of take collision operating mode designs as example, and in this operating mode, the car that driver drives in kerb weight state clashes into rigidity obstacle with the speed of 15km/h (that is: 4.17m/s), the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing.In this example, complete vehicle quality (car of kerb weight state and driver's gross mass) is m=1600kg, and initial collision speed is υ=4.17m/s, and car load collision energy E is:
So-called energy-absorbing ratio α generally rule of thumb obtains, and such as have the car of better RCAR15 operating mode collision performance through the many moneys of simulation analysis, knows that the energy-absorbing ratio α that energy-absorption box can absorb car load collision energy E by distortion is 45%～55%.50% the energy-absorbing ratio chosen in this example designs, thereby can obtain the collision energy that energy-absorption box absorbs in RCAR15 operating mode, is
E
reason=E * 50%=13900J * 50%=6950J.
3, the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained to the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box divided by its conquassation distance.
In the present embodiment, according to formula, calculate the average crushing force F of energy-absorption box
reason:
F
reason=E
reason/ L=6950J/0.12m=57.92KN.
4, according to average crushing force formula, calculate various alternative specifications energy-absorption box actual average crushing force.
In prior art, there are various average crushing force formula, may be used to calculate in the present invention the actual average crushing force of candidate materials.In the present embodiment, energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, preferably adopts following actual average crushing force computing formula to calculate the actual average crushing force of energy-absorption box:
Wherein, F
realfor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σ
yfor metal plate material yield stress, the unilateral stretching stress-strain curve function that σ (ε) is material, ε is material strain, ε
fextensibility for material.The unilateral stretching stress-strain curve function σ (ε) of material, metal plate material yield stress σ
yand the extensibility ε of material
fcan obtain by one directional tensile test, for conventionally known to one of skill in the art.
Specification above-mentioned refers to the combination of each xsect design parameter of energy-absorption box.Design parameter comprises cross sectional dimensions and material, and described cross sectional dimensions comprises cross-section lengths, cross-sectional width and xsect wall thickness.
For making the alternative specification of the front energy-absorption box of car, include: conventional tranverse sectional thickness t has these four kinds of specifications of 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm and 2.2mm; The conventional alternative specification of xsect has these four kinds of typical cross sectional shapes of 50mm * 100mm, 55mm * 105mm, 60mm * 110mm and 65mm * 115mm; The conventional alternative trade mark of material has ordinary steel SPHD, H220BD+ZF and plow-steel H340LAD+ZZF, HC420LA.
In existing material, the metal plate material that can be used for making energy-absorption box is not limited to above-mentioned specification.As required, also can choose the metal plate material of other specifications.
In the present embodiment, according to actual average crushing force computing formula, calculate for making the actual average crushing force of the alternative specification of energy-absorption box, the results are shown in Table 1～table 4.
Every a line in form represents a kind of energy-absorption box specification, i.e. a kind of combination of energy-absorption box xsect design parameter.Such as sequence in table 11 is expert at, it is H220BD+ZF that a kind of material is provided, and its tranverse sectional thickness t is 1.5mm, and cross-sectional width b is 50mm, the energy-absorption box that cross-section lengths is 100mm.
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 1:t=1.5mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 2:t=1.8mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 3:t=2.0mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 4:t=2.2mm
5, according to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force, be more than or equal to the principle of the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size and design target energy-absorption box.
In step above, the average crushing force F reason of theory that we have calculated energy-absorption box is 57.92KN, in table 1～table 4, chooses actual crushing force numerical value and is more than or equal to the specification of 57.92KN as the design parameter of making energy-absorption box.
Actual average crushing force in the theoretical average crushing force of contrast and table 1～table 4 is known, the energy-absorption box actual average crushing force F of the 1.5mm thickness that table 1 is listed
realall be less than 57.92KN.For making the optional scope of specification of energy-absorption box, be: table 2 sequence number 13-16 is listed, in the listed and table 4 of sequence number 9-16, sequence number 8-16 is listed in table 3.
Above provided for making the optional scope of the specification of energy-absorption box, deviser can make optimal selection in this scope.
Preferably, when choosing the energy-absorption box of appropriate size from alternative energy-absorption box, also combine structure lightweight principle.Also can be alternative condition in conjunction with cost minimization principle or other condition.For " structure lightweight ", " cost minimization " etc., be conventionally known to one of skill in the art, repeat no more herein.
In the present embodiment, with structure light weight, turn to alternative condition, because the density of listed steel is basic identical, so the light-weighted judging basis of structure is actually the size of cross-sectional area.In hence one can see that table 2, the listed specification of sequence number 13 is the optimal selection target in the present embodiment.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the best design parameter that is finally identified for making energy-absorption box is: energy-absorption box length: 150mm, xsect: 50mm * 100mm, thickness t: 1.8mm, material: HC420LA.
So far, complete the final design of target energy-absorption box of the present invention.
Certainly, can also comprise that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of Automobile Design method, and the Automobile Design method in this example comprises the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing of narrating in embodiment 1, also comprises chassis general arrangement and shape-designing etc.Because the main inventive point of the present invention is the design of vehicle energy absorption box, the design of other guide does not limit, and can adopt and well known to a person skilled in the art method for designing design, therefore, describe no longer herein more.
Preferably, when carrying out Automobile Design, vehicle energy absorption box design in chassis general arrangement and shape-designing or before carry out.In the present embodiment, the design of energy-absorption box is carried out with chassis general arrangement simultaneously, now the feature hard spot of nacelle (being mainly heating radiator mounting points, engine mounting point) is not yet definite, and designer has sufficient space to complete the size design of energy-absorption box and chassis layout hard spot or moulding hard spot.Can avoid to greatest extent the generation of the design defect of energy-absorption box.
By the experimental result of this energy-absorption box engineering exemplar, further illustrate below the validity of method for designing of the present invention.
The experiment of engineering exemplar is the generalized flowsheet of car (car load and parts) exploitation, by the engineering exemplar of energy-absorption box, tests, and can check the actual collision performance of energy-absorption box.
Conventionally the experiment flow adopting is: the commitment in car design designs the parameter of energy-absorption box according to the inventive method, and has set up 3D digital-to-analogue and carried out simulation analysis; Simultaneously, this energy-absorption box is manufactured to physical engineering exemplar according to identical parameter, in physical test car, carry out car low speed collision safety experiment, experimental technique, specifically can be with reference to < < The Procedure for Conducting a Low Speed 15km/h Offset Insurance Crash Test to Determine the Damageability and Repairability Features of Motor Vehicles > > according to the method for normalizing of RCAR.
In the present embodiment, theoretical crumple distance is: 150mm * 0.8=120mm, and the crumple distance of simulation analysis is 117mm, the crumple distance of Physical Experiment is 113mm.By contrasting the crumple distance of theoretical crumple distance, emulation and the crumple distance of experiment, the deflection of energy-absorption box is very approaching; And by emulation deformation pattern and the experiment deformation pattern of contrast energy-absorption box, both are substantially consistent, and these 2 have all illustrated that method for designing of the present invention is reliable.Meanwhile, the simulation and experiment deformation result contrast to longitudinal beam structure, in experiment, not distortion of longeron, consistent with the result of simulation analysis, can think and adopt the energy-absorption box of method for designing design of the present invention to have good low speed collision performance.
To sum up, the energy-absorption box that adopts the inventive method to design meets vehicle body low speed collision performance requirement (RCAR15 operating mode).Consider all multiple errors of design and production technique, simulation and experiment, method for designing of the present invention accurately rationally, is enough effective in engineering.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and the technical scheme it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, in the situation that not departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, is made various changes and/or modification to the present invention, still belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, comprises the steps:
The length of goal-selling energy-absorption box and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance that obtains energy-absorption box;
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption;
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained to the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box divided by its conquassation distance;
Calculate various alternative specifications energy-absorption box actual average crushing force;
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force, be more than or equal to the principle of the average crushing force of theory of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size and design target energy-absorption box.
2. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the theoretical energy of described energy-absorption box impact absorption obtains by the following method: set the virtual initial collision speed of car load in car crass and virtual complete vehicle quality, according to formula
calculate car load collision energy; According to the absorption energy of energy-absorption box, account for the energy-absorbing ratio of car load collision energy, calculate the theoretical energy that obtains energy-absorption box impact absorption.
3. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described energy-absorbing ratio adopts the energy-absorbing ratio under RCAR15 collision operating mode the rigidity obstacle collision of the impact velocity that wherein RCAR15 collision operating mode is 15km/h, the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing.
4. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described energy-absorbing ratio is 45%～50%.
5. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, adopts following formula to calculate the actual average crushing force of energy-absorption box:
F
realfor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σ
yfor metal plate material yield stress, the unilateral stretching stress-strain curve function that σ (ε) is material, ε is material strain, ε
fextensibility for material.
6. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described specification refers to the combination of each xsect design parameter of energy-absorption box.
7. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described design parameter comprises cross sectional dimensions and material, and described cross sectional dimensions comprises cross-section lengths, cross-sectional width and xsect wall thickness.
8. vehicle energy absorption box method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
9. an Automobile Design method, is characterized in that: described Automobile Design method comprises the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing described in any one in claim 1-9.
10. Automobile Design method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: vehicle energy absorption box design in chassis general arrangement and shape-designing or before carry out.
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