CN103532233B - Based on the power information acquisition abnormity Precise Position System of GPRS technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a GPRS technology-based abnormally accurate positioning system for power consumption information collection, wherein a microprocessor is connected with a power consumption information collection device through an RS485 module to collect data in the power consumption information collection device; the microprocessor collects Save the data to the Flash module, and the microprocessor will process the collected data and transmit it to the GPRS module through the RS232 module; the GPRS module communicates with the DNS server to obtain the IP address of the TCP communication server; then the GPRS module communicates with the TCP communication server , and send the data processed by the microprocessor to the TCP communication server, and the TCP communication server saves the data processed by the microprocessor to the database server; the PC completes the access to the data in the database server; the power management module and the microprocessor The power terminal connection. The invention can locate the location where the power failure occurs.

Description

Abnormal Accurate Positioning System Based on GPRS Technology

technical field

The invention relates to the field of electricity consumption information collection in a power grid, in particular to a GPRS technology-based system for accurately locating abnormalities in electricity consumption information collection.

Background technique

Under the development trend of today's economy, the traditional power grid can no longer meet the needs of the power industry, and the smart grid has become the development direction. At present, the power grid has become the foundation and an important part of the development of industrialization and information society. With the continuous advancement of market-oriented reforms, smart grid has become the only way for the development of modern grid technology. Among them, with the development of electronic technology, the power consumption information collection system provides practical technical means for the realization of power collection, data statistical analysis and power assessment, which fundamentally overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional manual meter reading mode. Deepen the application, provide modern means for power management, gradually change people's social activities, and become an indispensable part of people's life in some areas.

However, there has been no good solution for the corresponding abnormal precise positioning of electricity consumption information collection. For example, the centralized copying system includes the front-end collection and the centralized collection of the background system according to a certain period. Although this can meet the requirements of load analysis and low voltage monitoring, it is difficult to meet the needs of distribution network condition maintenance. The system also does not have the function of actively reporting fault information, nor can it meet the requirements of fault repair. When the electric energy meter breaks down, it can only be determined that the electric energy meter fails and the location of the fault can only be determined by the user's telephone feedback. This is far from the "self-healing" and "interactive" required by the smart grid. Therefore, finding a reasonable and effective solution to the precise location of abnormal electricity consumption information collection is an inevitable requirement for the development of "Grid 2.0" in my country.

The history of the low-voltage carrier copying system can be traced back to the end of the 1990s. Due to the considerable progress in related technical fields, the most important thing is the large-scale use of GPRS, the data transmission channel in the centralized copying system has been greatly improved, and the low-voltage carrier set Copy technology began to mature. Today, with the rapid development of communication technology, the development of coding and information compression technology, and the promotion of 3G networks, the centralized copying system has made great progress. At this time, due to the improvement of manufacturing technology, the core equipment of the centralized copying system - the collector, the performance tends to be stable; at the same time, the development of the concentrator is also very rapid. Copying system is further mature.

Moreover, with the rapid development of computer science, the marketing MIS system at the management level has also evolved from the traditional C/S model to a more open B/S system, which not only provides more abundant database interfaces and communication with higher authorities and It is an interface for exchanging information with the outside world, and it also expands the concept of the traditional MIS system-advocating the use of existing data interfaces to serve the modernization of the power industry.

At present, the abnormal location of domestic electricity consumption information collection mainly adopts the following methods:

1. Strengthen the extension and application of the DA function of distribution automation, extend the distribution automation technology to the low-voltage station area, and locate the fault in the 0.4 kV distribution transformer;

2. Use SCADA-based geographic information to simulate the power grid GIS system and extend it to the meter collection box, in the fault location, the interface of production MIS and marketing MIS, the connection of dispatching SCADA and the mutual import of graphic standard formats, etc., and use GPS to locate fault repair vehicles Or locate the fault with a locator to clarify the fault location and power outage range.

3. Install distribution transformer intelligent terminals in the low-voltage station area to monitor the currents of A, B, C, and N wires, zero-sequence currents, and three-phase voltages, and judge the use Electricity abnormalities and faults in the station area, the information is uploaded to the main station for fault location and displayed on the GIS geographic information system.

The above methods have been used in some areas and have achieved certain results. However, the technologies they use are complex and difficult to maintain, and cannot effectively locate faults in low-voltage station areas.

For power grid companies, information flow is not just an auxiliary tool for power flow and business flow, but the control center and nervous system of power grid companies, and is the most valuable resource for power companies.

Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the present invention is the exchange, conversion, integration and sharing of complex, distributed and heterogeneous information resources in the area covered by the distribution network. Obtain the address information of the fault concentrator, gateway meter or electric energy meter from the collected data to determine the specific location of the fault.

Therefore, it is necessary to carry out data mining on the collected data. Data mining is a non-trivial process of obtaining effective, novel, potentially useful, and finally understandable patterns from a large amount of data. Data mining is actually a kind of in-depth data analysis method, which analyzes the original data of the organization, makes inductive reasoning, digs out potential patterns from it, and provides support for the decision-making of managers. Use data mining technology to mine potential patterns, predict future trends, and provide advanced support for power production decisions. For the integration and sharing of data information, based on the characteristics of the distribution network system and the current technological development, there are five system integration technologies that can be used for data information integration and sharing: (1) XML-based integration technology; (2) Protocol-based integration (3) Integration technology based on API; (4) Integration technology based on database; (5) Integration technology based on blackboard decision-making model.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: an abnormally accurate positioning system for power consumption information collection based on GPRS technology, including power consumption information collection device, GPRS module, PC, RS485 module, microprocessor, RS232 module, Flash module, power management module, TCP communication server, DNS server and database server; wherein, the microprocessor is connected with the power consumption information collection device through the RS485 module, and collects the data in the power consumption information collection device; the microprocessor will collect Save the data to the Flash module, and the microprocessor will process the collected data and transmit it to the GPRS module through the RS232 module; the GPRS module communicates with the DNS server to obtain the IP address of the TCP communication server; then the GPRS module communicates with the TCP communication server , and send the data processed by the microprocessor to the TCP communication server, and the TCP communication server saves the data processed by the microprocessor to the database server; the PC completes the access to the data in the database server; the power management module and the microprocessor The power terminal connection.

Specifically, the above-mentioned power consumption information collection device is a concentrator, a gateway meter or a power meter.

Furthermore, the microprocessor processes the collected data by judging whether the data exceeds a preset threshold, and if so, sends it as alarm data.

The beneficial technical effect obtained by the present invention is: if the low-voltage distribution substation areas scattered in different regions adopt the traditional networking method to collect a large amount of data, the networking will be very complicated and the cost will be relatively high. Install a data acquisition terminal (consisting of RS485 module, microprocessor, RS232 module, Flash module and power management module) on each distribution transformer safety meter, the terminal obtains the TCP communication server's data from the DNS server through the GPRS network IP address, then summarize the data to the TCP communication server, and finally store the data to the database server, thus making the networking simple.

When the concentrator works normally, it only takes a small part of the time to transmit the power metering information to the database server through the GPRS module, and the communication part of the concentrator is not working most of the time. Utilize this sufficient time period to analyze and process the data in the concentrator, and upload accurate abnormal meter information to the server via GPRS. In other power consumption areas without concentrators, the environmental parameters of terminal equipment such as transformers are detected, and online monitoring, fault analysis and load monitoring are performed on terminal equipment. Analyze whether the working status of the terminal equipment is normal by analyzing the operating parameters. At the same time, the analysis results can be encrypted and transmitted to each server through the GPRS module. In this way, the location of the fault can be located.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the basic communication flowchart of TCP communication server of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the basic communication flowchart of GPRS end of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the server actively acquiring data in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the flow chart of server passive acquisition data in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the improved GSA algorithm.

detailed description

Referring to Fig. 1, the system for accurately locating abnormalities in electricity consumption information collection based on GPRS technology includes power consumption information collection device 1, GPRS module 7, PC 11, RS485 module 2, microprocessor 3, RS232 module 4, Flash module 5, Power management module 6, TCP communication server 8, DNS server 9 and database server 10; Wherein, described microprocessor 3 is connected with electricity consumption information collection device 1 through RS485 module 2, collects the data in the electricity consumption information collection device 1; Microprocessor 3 saves the data collected to Flash module 5, and microprocessor 3 also transmits to GPRS module 7 by RS232 module 4 after the data processing that collects, and this processing is to judge whether data exceeds preset threshold value, If exceed then send with warning data; GPRS module 7 communicates with DNS server 9, obtains the IP address of TCP communication server 8; Then GPRS module 7 communicates with TCP communication server 8, and the data after microprocessor 3 processes is sent To TCP communication server 8, TCP communication server 8 saves the data after microprocessor 3 processes to database server 10; PC machine 11 completes the access to data in database server 10; connect.

The above-mentioned RS485 module 2, microprocessor 3, RS232 module 4, Flash module 5 and power management module 6 are combined into a whole as a data acquisition terminal, which is installed together with a concentrator, a gateway meter or an electric energy meter.

Install a complete set of WEB system for abnormal and precise positioning of electricity consumption information on the PC 11 . It can carry out statistics and analysis on fault node information, and can provide users with intuitive statistical results in the form of graphs, histograms, etc. in the WEB, and can provide users with the function of report statistics.

For the concentrator, gateway meter or electric energy meter in this embodiment, according to relevant standards, the concentrator or gateway meter has one infrared communication port and two 485 communication ports. Each meter has a unique address, which is used as a unique identification code for communication. The communication protocol of the meter adopts the DL/T645-2007 communication protocol. The concentrator or gateway meter conforms to the national standard, and can collect and save the data of the electric meter.

A mobile phone card is installed on each GPRS module 7 , and in the communication process, the mobile phone number can be known as the identification code of the GPRS module 7 . The working mode of GPRS module 7 is TCP client, which can configure the server address and support automatic disconnection. The main function of the GPRS module 7 is to receive the instruction of the TCP communication server 8, and forward it to the concentrator or the gateway table, and send the data sent by the concentrator or the gateway table to the TCP communication server 8 intact. Because the IP address of TCP communication server 8 can change or be an intranet IP, therefore, GPRS module 7 at first will obtain the IP address of TCP communication server 8 by DNS server 9, and then just can carry out data sending and receiving.

The main function of the TCP communication server 8 is to send and receive data sent by the data collection terminal through GPRS. Logically, it can be understood as a 485 hub. It sends data packets to the concentrator or gateway table (GPRS module forwarding) through the IP network, and then receives the data fed back by the concentrator or gateway table (GPRS module forwarding). Then, decode the data according to the communication protocol and save it to the database server. The TCP server supports automatic collection (scheduled collection, collection according to scheduled tasks, etc.), manual collection and other functions. TCP server management device pairing, online status maintenance, online status alarm and other functions. The basic communication process of the TCP communication server is shown in Figure 2. The basic communication process when the GPRS module forwards is shown in Figure 3.

The database server 10 mainly stores the data sent by the concentrator or the gateway meter or the electric energy meter through GPRS.

The data acquisition terminal is an embedded system, which is installed at the same location as the concentrator or gateway meter or electric energy meter. It is composed of RS485 module 2 using 485 chip, microprocessor 3 using STM32 micro-processing chip, RS232 module 4 using 232 chip, Flash module 5 and power management module 6. It is equipped with two interfaces, one is RS485 interface, used It is used to communicate with the concentrator or gateway meter or electric energy meter, and collect the data of the concentrator or gateway meter or electric energy meter; the other is RS232 or RS485 interface, which is used to communicate with the GPRS module, upload alarm information and receive the promise from the remote server and configuration commands. The microprocessor 3 analyzes the data of the concentrator or the gateway meter or the electric energy meter to judge whether it exceeds the threshold value. If it exceeds, it is abnormal data, and uploads the abnormal data to the server, that is, the server passively obtains the data. The process is shown in Figure 5 . At the same time, the server also regularly (relatively long time) actively obtains the data of the gateway table through the transparent transmission of the single-chip microcomputer. The server can also modify the configuration parameters in the acquisition device through air configuration (such as modifying the type of analysis data, modifying the alarm threshold of the data), that is, the server actively obtains data, and the process is shown in Figure 4. The advantage of adopting the two methods is to save GPRS traffic, and the amount of data to be processed on the server side is small.

The algorithm adopted by the microprocessor 3 to judge whether it is abnormal data is described as follows. Abnormal information in the power system has an impact on the dispatcher to grasp the real-time network operation status and make correct dispatching decisions. The invention adopts the combination of artificial neural network, cluster analysis and gap statistics algorithm, improves the algorithm, and realizes the detection of abnormal data by using the improved algorithm.

This algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm. The collected data is preprocessed through the artificial neural network, the cluster analysis clusters the preprocessed data, and the gap statistical algorithm automatically determines the optimal number of clusters. When the collected data contains abnormal data, after the gap statistical algorithm determines the optimal number of clusters, the clustering algorithm clusters the collected data into different classes to realize the separation of normal data and abnormal data, so as to be able to detect and identify power consumption Abnormal data in information collection data. When the algorithm processes massive data in a large power grid, the amount of calculation will be relatively large, and the calculation speed is affected by the size of the data volume. The algorithm needs to be improved to make the algorithm suitable for the processing of massive data.

The improved GSA algorithm is described as follows: a gap (Gap) statistic is defined in the GSA method as shown in formula (1):

Gap(k)=E(ln(W _{r, k} ))-ln(W _k )(1)

In order to reduce the error caused by nonlinearity, in formula (1), the logarithm is taken for W _{r, k} to make it more linear, but this directly leads to the inability to calculate E(ln(W _{r, k} )) Referring to the specific expressions under the respective references, the approximate value of E(ln(W _{r, k} )) can only be obtained by the method of sample estimation, which will bring errors. In fact, due to the randomness of the reference data set, it can be considered that ln(W _{r, k} ) is a random variable, and the distribution of this random variable is complicated, so that the Gap statistic cannot be expressed by a specific expression, so it can only be The use of samples to estimate the population can make the GSA algorithm a practical and feasible method.

An important step in the GSA method is to generate reference data under a suitable reference distribution, but the generation of reference data is random, so the random error generated each time is also different. The generated random error is represented by the introduction of simulation error through sample estimation. The simulation error is related to the array F of sample statistics and the number of samples in each group. When performing calculations with massive data or large F values, the simulation error The amount of calculation is very large, the calculation speed will be affected, and it cannot meet the abnormal data identification requirements of massive data in the real-time power grid.

The cluster dispersion describes the sum of the evaluation dispersion of k clusters, and the variance is used to describe the average dispersion of the data, so the Gap statistic in formula (1) is corrected, and the corrected Gap statistic is as follows: Formula (2):

GaP(k)=ln(E(W _r,k ))-ln(W _k )t(2)

Figure 6 is a flowchart of the improved GSA algorithm, the main steps are as follows:

1) Preprocess the data through the neural network algorithm, cluster the preprocessed data, and calculate the cluster dispersion when the number of clusters is different;

2) Using the uniform distribution as a reference, calculate the expected value of the cluster dispersion corresponding to different cluster numbers k;

3) Calculate the Gap(k) value corresponding to different cluster numbers k;

4) Determine the minimum k value and perform abnormal data detection.

Claims (3)

1. An abnormally accurate positioning system for power consumption information collection based on GPRS technology, comprising a power consumption information collection device (1), a GPRS module (7) and a PC (11), characterized in that: it also includes a RS485 module (2), a micro Processor (3), RS232 module (4), Flash module (5), power management module (6), TCP communication server (8), DNS server (9) and database server (10); Wherein, described microprocessor The device (3) is connected with the power consumption information collection device (1) through the RS485 module (2), and collects the data in the power consumption information collection device (1); the microprocessor (3) saves the collected data to the Flash module ( 5), microprocessor (3) is also transmitted to GPRS module (7) by RS232 module (4) after the data processing that also collects; GPRS module (7) communicates with DNS server (9), obtains TCP communication server (8 ) IP address; then the GPRS module (7) communicates with the TCP communication server (8), and sends the data processed by the microprocessor (3) to the TCP communication server (8), and the TCP communication server (8) sends the microprocessor The data processed by the processor (3) is saved to the database server (10); the PC (11) completes the access to the data in the database server (10); the power supply terminal of the power management module (6) and the microprocessor (3) connect; The processing of the collected data by the microprocessor (3) is to judge whether the data exceeds a preset threshold, and if it exceeds, send it as abnormal data; the microprocessor (3) judges whether it is abnormal data. The algorithm is an improved GSA algorithm, including the following steps: 1) Preprocess the data through the neural network algorithm, cluster the preprocessed data, and calculate the cluster dispersion when the number of clusters is different k; 2) Using the uniform distribution as a reference, calculate the expected value of the cluster dispersion corresponding to different cluster numbers k; 3) Calculate the Gap(k) value corresponding to different cluster numbers k; 4) Determine the minimum k value and perform abnormal data detection. 2. According to claim 1, the GPRS technology-based power consumption information collection abnormal precise positioning system is characterized in that: the power consumption information collection device (1) is a concentrator, a gateway meter or a power meter. 3. according to the described GPRS technology-based electricity consumption information acquisition abnormal precise location system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described RS485 module (2), microprocessor (3), RS232 module (4), Flash module (5 ) and the power management module (6) are combined as a whole, and are installed together with the concentrator, the gateway meter or the electric energy meter.