CN103444296A - Method for vegetation restoration in ecological fragile zones of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for vegetation restoration in ecological fragile zones of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for vegetation restoration in ecological fragile zones of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. The method includes the steps of (1) land leveling and ploughing and loosening: ploughing land by 30 cm, breaking up clods, ridging according to plots, and leveling land to enable height difference not to exceed 5cm; (2) selection and application of soil bacterial manure: adopting one of gold probiotics bacterial manure or a Frisol A+F microbial agent; and (3) vegetable planting or growing. The method has the advantages that a saline-alkali soil improvement effect is remarkable, salinity in high saline-alkali soil is reduced effectively within a short time (within a growing season), secondary alkalization is prevented, soil fertility is improved, microfloras are established, soil ripening is quickened, progress of vegetation restoration of the heavy saline-alkali soil is accelerated, vegetable survival rate in the current year is ensured to be above 95%, cost is lowered, and the method is a biological saline-alkali soil improvement measure with water resources saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology for recovering vegetation, particularly a kind of method of utilizing microbial-bacterial fertilizer to recover heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile area vegetation.
Background technology
Along with the recovery of Ecological Fragile is the main target of various countries' improvement of the ecological environment, and Vulnerable Ecological Area soil is barren, the natural present situation of soil fertility decline, drought and water shortage, vegetation rareness makes the realization of this target be faced with huge difficulty.The developed area that Northern Coastal Provinces is built as the northern China focus development; investment environment, raising resident production, the living space quality of improving coastal region undertaken in the Forest Ecology construction, protects pesticide area agriculture production, resists the multiple functions such as sea wind tide and other natural calamity.
Binhai New Area in Tianjin has now become the emphasis of China's general developing strategy, will drive the development of Bohai Rim, becomes the new source of economic growth of north development, and economic status is quite important.This zone varieties in saline-alkali areas of attaching most importance to, ecotope is congenital just fragile, and its soil belongs to strand saline moist soil, wet moisture soil and marine solonchak, and soil property is sticky heavy, and quality hardens, soil salt content 1-2%, high person reaches more than 3%; The degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and considerably beyond 10g/l, subterranean water level is high, at 0.5m～1.5m, and soil compaction, unit weight is at 1.5～1.79g/cm
3, considerably beyond general farmland soil, require 1.35g/cm
3the content of organic matter is low, and (soil organic matter content is mostly in 5g/kg～6g/kg left and right, and general agricultural land soil is all more than 10g/kg, show that fertility state is poor), microbiologic population's quantity few (0.75 * 105cfug-1), the natural ecological environment of local area no longer is subject to the control of physioclimate band, plant growth is subject to the restriction of coastal soil condition, form azonal vegetation, the salt meadow vegetation of the factor is taken in formation as the leading factor with solonchak, fragile ecotope produces and coerces and limit regional development.
Heavy saline district, Binhai New Area in Tianjin, in the revegetation in heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore district in the past, for subterranean water level in the shallow diving Muddy Bottoms area more than 1.2 meters, mainly take " shallow close formula " closed drainage salt reduction, soil moved in to improve the original is changed a whole set of construction technology and the technology of plantation, has solved the difficult problem of this area.Along with the increase of area, the application of this technology has the following disadvantages: (1) cost is higher, more than 100～200 yuan/m
2, government economy pressure is very large; (2) soil moved in to improve the original greening, damage farmland, contaminated environment; And this constructional mode of ecological environment is mainly realized by the city landscape environment construction, be that developed area can reach, and the economic development inequality of the current each department of China, economic backward area is difficult to continue implement on a large scale this technical system.
Summary of the invention
Natural environmental condition and coastal saline-alkali geomicrobes characteristics according to the northern China ecologically fragile area, find the technology path of economical rationality, filter out the dominant species of microorganism formulation from external introduction, in conjunction with China's saline land microbial profile kind and quantity, build technology for recovering vegetation, can reach soil salt content 0.6%～1.0%, subterranean water level is below 1.5 meters, ground elevation reaches in the situation of construction requirements, need not change farmland soil, use microbial manure when plantation, just can directly plant, that cost is lower, improve soil function, fundamentally change the plant life environment, it is the technology for recovering vegetation of a kind of advanced person's one-time-reach-place.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The invention provides the method for a kind of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas revegetation, comprise the steps:
1), level land: plough loose:
At first plough soil 30cm, break up the clods, by furrow, play dragon, level land, make its discrepancy in elevation be no more than 5cm,
2), the selection of edaphon bacterial manure and use (can be general planting soil by the solonchak slaking)
This method adopts a kind of in following two kinds of microbial-bacterial fertilizers:
The first: after at first nutritional agents being added to the hot water dilution of three times, then add as golden probio stoste, fully mix; Obtain microbial bacterial agent, in the process of and then farmyard manure being mixed with the ratio of 10:1 with soil, constantly spray microbial bacterial agent, the three is fully mixed; Add water to make water content 45% left and right, plastic foil covers tightly, heap fermentation 15～25 days, and odorless becomes perfume (or spice) and is as golden probio bacterial manure; According to 30g/kg soil, calculate, with the planting soil ploughing depth, 20cm is as the criterion deeply, will evenly be applied on soil as golden probio bacterial manure, repeats the secondary of turning over.
The second: rich sharp standing grain A+F microbial inoculum, before plantation, select rich sharp standing grain A+F(1:1), applying bacterial manure concentration is 1:1 by sharp both mass ratioes of standing grain A+F(of richness) for 0.4g/kg soil calculates, according to the planting soil ploughing depth, 20cm is as the criterion deeply; Rich sharp standing grain F Direct Uniform is applied on soil, repeats to turn over, and then the sharp standing grain A of richness is added to 100 times of water dilutions and is sprayed on identical plot and gets final product.
3), plant setting or plantation.
Preferably, it is as follows that described plant can be selected following ornamental plant: a kind of in arbor, shrub or draft, two or three be configured.
Arbor: Chinese wax, Chinese scholar tree, tree-of-heaven, silk tree, Luan Shu, elm, willow or willow etc.;
Shrub: Amur honeysuckle, the rose of Sharon, liquor-saturated barna, gold leaf common bluebeard, Chinese littleleaf box, rose or rose etc.;
Draft: perennial ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea or ground are by flowers etc.;
Preferably, the ratio of described microbial bacterial agent and farmyard manure is: every cubic metre of farmyard manure adds 0.3～0.5 kilogram of microbial bacterial agent.
Preferably, the described as quality such as golden probio stoste and nutritional agents.
Each material of mentioning in the present invention and the product performance of each material are as follows:
Rich sharp standing grain A(Frisol A)
Germany produces, and products characteristics is: 1. rich sharp standing grain A is a kind of polysaccharide phosphoramidic acid compound, and it is configured to: polysaccharide (C
5and C
6), 9% ammonia (organically combining N), 5% phosphorus (11%P
2o
5).It exists with organic concentrated liquid form, makes to use water as the conveying medium, is penetrated into soil layer, is decomposed into CO in soil
2, H
2o, NO
3, NH
4and P
2o
5, to plant, provide the necessary N of growth, P nutriment.2. because its chemical combination structure has cavity effect, be combined over a long time with soil particle and be difficult for being washed out by water, so can reduce seepage loss, reduced the osmotic potential of the soil solution simultaneously, improved the absorbing capacity of plant to water and nutriment.3. nutrient source-the polysaccharide that contains energy, go deep into soil lower floor, improved the growth conditions of edaphon, activated the edaphon environment, the growing of favourable root system of plant, thus make plant growth more vigorous, more healthy and stronger.
Rich sharp standing grain F(Frisol F)
Formed the granulated dried solid by fungus and bacterium.Wherein organic substance accounts for 80%, contains 8%N, 2%P
2o
5, 2%K
2o and natural clay, trace element and vitamin etc. mix.
As golden probio stoste
Japan produces, and main component is to be that the polyfunctional probio such as mold fungi is composited by photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, fermentation just like golden probio stoste, includes multiple efficacious microbial colony.The scope of application comprises various crops, vegetables, melon and fruit, Chinese herbal medicine, flowers, nursery stock etc.Be suitable for organic, green, pollution-free food production, can be used for the fermented bacterium of biological organic fertilizer.
As the function of golden probio stoste as: 1. effectively prevent common diseases and frequently-occurring disease (as leaf blight, rot, downy mildew, gray mold, root rot etc.) multiple diseases and soil-borne disease and trace element deficiency, obviously improve crop and fruit tree diseases and insect pests resistance, significantly reduce agricultural chemicals, fertilizer application amount until do not make agricultural chemicals, improve anti-heavy weak, thick precocious ability.2. improve that crop is cold-resistant, drought-resistant ability, soil moisture conservation fertilizer conservation, improve soil, with bacterium control bacterium, suppress germ reproduction, degeneration-resistant turning property is strong, improve crop immunity.3. improve fruit-vegetable quality.The many fruits of fruit are large, bright in colour, lopsided melon and fruit obviously reduces, and strengthen sugar degree of fruit and melon and mouthfeel, prolong storage period, the shelf-life.4. improve percentage of seedgermination, survival rate, well developed root system, Miao Qimiao strong, improve output, obvious effect of increasing production.Grain and oil crop volume increase 5%～10%, gourd, fruit and vegetable volume increase 15%～30%, Chinese herbal medicine volume increase 10%～20%.
Nutritional agents: the commercially available nutritional agents that is complementary and uses as golden probio stoste.
Contain the multiple nutrients materials such as mineral trace element, vitamin, polysaccharide, it is the medium of multiple probio, can improve the beneficial microorganism reproduction rate.Nutritional agents, with after probio stoste is mixed, activates rapidly probio, strengthens the result of use of probio stoste.
The advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect are:
1, provide a kind of northern coastal region heavy saline technology for recovering vegetation, from the increase angle of edaphon, solved the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore district and do not changed soil moved in to improve the original, the saline and alkaline plant of just can directly planting reaches the effect of revegetation, greatly reduces costs.
The inventive method improvement saline-alkali soil effect is remarkable, there is at short notice (season of growth in) and effectively reduce the salinity of high salinity soil, prevent secondary alkalization, increase soil fertility, set up microbiologic population, accelerated the soil-ripening degree, promoted the progress of heavy saline revegetation, having guaranteed that plant survival rate then reaches more than 95%, reduced cost, is a kind of measure of simultaneously having saved the biological modification saline land of water resource.
2, filter out the combination of best microbial manure, and Optimum and the economic benefit of the bacterial manure of best results are estimated to calculating, be convenient to apply at coastal region, thus Urban Greening and the Ecological Exploitation of promotion coastal region.
3, in coastal region greening and improvement of the ecological environment, for the coastal region low laying areas, raise ground, fill out the pad soil moved in to improve the original, the situation of soil resource scarcity, accomplish the thin use of soil, the thick use of poor soil, reclamation of saline soil, matching species with the site; Reach and suit measures to local conditions, economize the land resource, the purpose of preserving the ecological environment.
This method can cover the improvement of the ecological environment field in national similar area, particularly is applied to forestry and the environmental construction of northern China heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore district and development of the West Regions.Only Bohai Rim's popularizing area is approximately 760,000 hectares, just can directly apply this technology, and the China coast Saline-alkali Field Control is had and instructs and reference.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but do not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The research place is located at Nei， garden, saline alkali tolerant plant Technology Park, Dagang District strand, Tianjin floor space 27hm
2.Within 1996, be the saline and alkaline barren beach of a slice in the past, main vegetation is the saline meadows such as Chinese tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis Lour.), alkali fluffy (Suaeda glauca Bge.), reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), open up wasteland as the crops such as plant cotton (Gossypium Spp.), corn (Zea mays L.) behind farmland, but the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, yield poorly and unstable; Within 2004, set up saline alkali tolerant plant Technology Park, Tianjin so far.
The edaphon total amount is 0.75 * 10
5～14.19 * 10
5cfug
-1between, differ 19 times, but mostly 10
5in the order of magnitude, with the soil of other area or other type, compare, the microorganism total amount is less.Wherein bacterium has comparative advantage (more than 83%), and actinomycetes take second place, fungi minimum (less than 1%), and along with the increase of soil salinization intensity, the bacterium proportion increases gradually, but the fungi luffing is less.Take respectively the mixed soil sample according to the plum blossom method of layouting in the different sample plots (sample ground 1 and sample ground 2) of experimental field, huge port, measure physicochemical property and the micro organism quantity of soil, the basic data wherein recorded is in Table 1.
Table 1 field soil property determination is microorganism unit: cfug as a result
-1
Select rich sharp standing grain A+F(1:1) and as two kinds of fertilizer of golden probio bacterial manure carry out the field field experiment.Every kind of fertilizer is established one experimental field, every testing ground area 400m
2(20 * 20), obstruct between therefrom separately, half applying fertilizer wherein, half zone in contrast in addition.Take soil specimen from two sample ground by the quincunx method of layouting before on-test, take back lab analysis standby (sample ground 1 and sample ground 2, basic data is as described in Table 1).Wherein the usage amount of two kinds of bacterial manure is that rich sharp standing grain A+F is 0.4g/kg soil, as golden probio bacterial manure is 30g/kg soil, is scaled land area and deeply is as the criterion according to planting soil ploughing depth 20cm.
As golden probio bacterial manure manufacturing process:
(1) raw material is prepared:
Freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement and fresh pig dung be 2m altogether
3, the about 0.2m of solonchak
3, agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum 2L, nutritional agents 2L.
(2) proportioning program:
At first after nutritional agents 2L being added the hot water dilution of three times to stir constant volume, then add agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum 2L, its content is fully mixed with the ratio of 1:1; Obtain microbial bacterial agent, secondly, in the process that fresh excreta is mixed with the ratio of 10:1 with soil with experiment, constantly spray mixed microbial bacterial agent, the three is fully mixed.
(3) zymotechnique:
Employing be take fertilizer as carrier, in every cubic metre of farmyard manure, add the ratio of 0.5 kilogram to join in fertilizer microbial bacterial agent, water transfer appropriate (muck batching water content is adjusted to 45% left and right), plastic foil covers tightly, heap fermentation 20 days, odorless becomes perfume (or spice) and is as golden probio bacterial manure.
Using of microbial manure
As golden probio bacterial manure: will be sprinkled upon on the test soil on sample ground 1 as golden probio bacterial manure uniform spreading in by the end of May, 2009, repeat to turn over twice (mixing) gets final product, and also turned over to control sample, but do not add any fertilizer.
Rich sharp standing grain A+F(1:1): in by the end of May, 2009 the sharp standing grain F of richness Direct Uniform is applied in to experimental field going up of sample ground 2, repeats to turn over, then the sharp standing grain A of richness is added to 100 times of water and dilute and be sprayed at identical test and get final product on the ground.
The plant of planting performance and effect
The shrub plants of planting in July, 2009 in sample ground 1 and 2---gold leaf common bluebeard (each 4 row of fertilization area and check plot), line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 2m, simultaneously the shrub median year Salt And Alkali Tolerance herbaceous plant that growing, as kitchen garden, grey dish, the bitter dish etc. of bending.Carry out planting of plant and management work by the administrative staff in botanical garden.
According to weight allocation and overall merit computational methods, set and calculate the score value situation of each index in field experiment, draw two kinds of fertilizer (as golden probio bacterial manure and Fu Li standing grain A+F(1:1)) total points, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 hundred-mark system compares the improved effect of two kinds of microbial manures to salt affected soil
From the COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING result, can find out, apply the growing state to salt affected soil and plant after two kinds of fertilizer improvement and facilitation are preferably arranged, and the indices performance is very obvious, as golden probio bacterial manure and Fu Li standing grain A+F(1:1) relative gain be respectively 84.1% and 96.7%, illustrate that two groups of fertilizer have preferably performance in field experiment.
In order to be widely applied aborning, need to carry out cost accounting, our comparing calculation the economic benefit of two kinds of fertilizer, wherein, the cost of rich sharp standing grain A+F is 15.2 yuan/kg, if application concentration is 120g/m
2, every mu of farmland need to spend 1215 yuan; 360 yuan/m of cost as golden probio bacterial manure
3, concentration is 9 ㎏/m
2, using cost is 1080 yuan/mu.Consider from fertilizer cost and improved effect two aspects, preferably select as golden probio bacterial manure, fertilizer efficiency is good and cost is low, if press the cultivated area 1m of every tree
2calculate, the fertilizer cost of every tree is only 1.6 yuan.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas revegetation, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1), level land: plough loose:
At first plough soil 30cm, break up the clods, by furrow, play dragon, level land, make its discrepancy in elevation be no more than 5cm;
2), the selection of edaphon bacterial manure and using
This method adopts a kind of in following two kinds of microbial-bacterial fertilizers:
The first: after at first nutritional agents being added to the hot water dilution of three times, then add as golden probio stoste, fully mix; Obtain microbial bacterial agent, in the process of and then farmyard manure being mixed with the ratio of 10:1 with soil, constantly spray microbial bacterial agent, the three is fully mixed; Add water to make water content approximately 45%, plastic foil covers tightly, heap fermentation 15～25 days, and odorless becomes perfume (or spice) and is as golden probio bacterial manure; According to 30g/kg soil, calculate, with the planting soil ploughing depth, 20cm is as the criterion deeply, will evenly be applied on soil as golden probio bacterial manure, repeats the secondary of turning over;
The second: rich sharp standing grain A+F microbial inoculum, before plantation, select rich sharp standing grain A+F(1:1), applying bacterial manure concentration is 1:1 by sharp both mass ratioes of standing grain A+F(of richness) for 0.4g/kg soil calculates, according to the planting soil ploughing depth, 20cm is as the criterion deeply; Rich sharp standing grain F Direct Uniform is applied on soil, repeats to turn over, and then the sharp standing grain A of richness is added to 100 times of water dilutions and is sprayed on identical plot and gets final product;
3), plant setting or plantation.
2. the method for a kind of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore ecologically fragile areas revegetation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ratio of described microbial bacterial agent and farmyard manure is: every cubic metre of farmyard manure adds 0.3～0.5 kilogram of microbial bacterial agent.
3. according to the method for the described a kind of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore of claim 1 or 2 ecologically fragile areas revegetation, it is characterized in that: the described as quality such as golden probio stoste and nutritional agents.
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| CN109824425A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-05-31 | 赵莹 | Liquid and preparation method are interfered in full nutrition for the anhydrous tree planting of the arid area four seasons |
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| WO2021218552A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | 海南大学 | Ecological restoration method for seawater-intruded farmland in tropical zone |
| CN111642336A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-11 | 滨州职业学院 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil of closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass |
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| CN114710990A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-08 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Construction method of saline-alkali pond ridge ecological slope |
| CN114710990B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-07-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Construction method of saline-alkali pond ridge ecological slope |
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