CN103415762A - 苏木精染色方法 - Google Patents
苏木精染色方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103415762A CN103415762A CN201280012535XA CN201280012535A CN103415762A CN 103415762 A CN103415762 A CN 103415762A CN 201280012535X A CN201280012535X A CN 201280012535XA CN 201280012535 A CN201280012535 A CN 201280012535A CN 103415762 A CN103415762 A CN 103415762A
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- hematein
- mordant
- biological sample
- dyeing
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- 238000007447 staining method Methods 0.000 title 1
- HLUCICHZHWJHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hematein Chemical compound C12=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2OCC2(O)C1=C1C=C(O)C(=O)C=C1C2 HLUCICHZHWJHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 202
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于将生物学样品染色的方法,并且具体地涉及用于将生物学样品用苏木精染剂染色的自动化方法。在本发明的方法和系统中,提供分开的苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液,其可以在应用于生物学样品之前预混合。该方法防止苏木因染色溶液中常见的并且将自动化载玻片/样品加工设备弄脏的沉淀。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于将生物学样品染色的方法,并且具体地涉及用于将生物学样品用苏木精染剂染色的自动化方法。
发明背景
数种组织化学染色方案(包括苏木精和曙红(H&E)染色以及帕帕尼古劳法(Papanicolaou,PAP)染色)均依赖于染料苏木精来将细胞学和组织样品染色。具体地,用苏木精染色细胞核被病理学家用来检测肿瘤活组织检查样品中恶性和/或转移性细胞的存在。
苏木精是在苏木属(Hematoxylon)的树的红色心材中发现的一种天然存在的化合物。苏木精本身在水性溶液中是无色的,并且不是将组织组分染色的活性成分。取而代之的是,苏木精的氧化产物苏木因成为苏木精染料溶液的活性染色组分,尤其是在与媒染剂络合时。苏木因经由暴露于空气和日光而天然生成。此天然方法称为“熟成(ripening)”,并且可能要3个月或更多个月以提供适合染色细胞的溶液。
自动化的染色规程和系统使用机械系统来向生物学样品投递染色溶液。标准的苏木因染色规程利用含有苏木精/苏木因和媒染剂二者的预混合的储液。在这些预混合的储液中形成沉淀物。对于在容器(如玻璃容器)中用苏木精染色溶液处理载玻片的手动染色规程,这一般不是问题。然而,对于其中沉淀物会弄脏或阻塞投递管线的自动化染色系统,沉淀物是个问题,并且其使得清洁或净化投递管线较为困难。苏木精染色溶液的这些变化可能导致染色不一致。例如,经常允许含有媒染剂的苏木精染色储液熟化延长的一段时间,从而允许形成苏木因-媒染剂复合物。尽管此方法可能允许好的染色结果,但它也导致形成不想要的沉淀物。与金属的接触使得沉淀加剧。这对于含有开口直径非常小、可能被沉淀物堵塞的金属部件如喷管和喷头的自动化系统来说尤成问题。
因此,存在开发与自动化样品加工相容的苏木精染色规程的需要。
发明概述
本发明涉及用于将生物学样品染色的方法,并且具体地涉及用于将生物学样品用苏木精染剂染色的自动化方法。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将包含细胞的生物学样品染色的方法,其包括:提供分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液;通过混合分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液来制备新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液;并将生物学样品与新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液在将生物学样品的细胞中的结构染色的条件下接触。在一些实施方案中,在应用于生物学样品之前将苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合达选自下组的一段时间:小于约4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时、45分钟、30分钟、10分钟、5分钟、1分钟、30秒和20秒。在一些实施方案中,将苏木因和媒染剂溶液作为分开的溶液应用于样品并在样品上混合以提供新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液。在一些实施方案中,改变分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液的比率以调节苏木因-媒染剂溶液的至少一种特性。在一些实施方案中,至少一种特性是染色强度。在一些实施方案中,苏木因溶液是半氧化的苏木精溶液。在一些实施方案中,半氧化的苏木精溶液包含足以氧化苏木因溶液中约50%的苏木因的量的氧化剂。在一些实施方案中,媒染剂溶液包含硫酸铝。在一些实施方案中,样品封固在载玻片上。在一些实施方案中,苏木因和媒染剂溶液包含低挥发性溶剂。在一些实施方案中,低挥发性溶剂选自下组:甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将包含细胞的生物学样品染色的方法,包括:提供分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液;临应用于生物学样品之前将分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合以提供苏木因-媒染剂溶液;并将苏木因媒染剂溶液在将生物学样品的细胞中的结构染色的条件下应用于生物学样品。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将包含细胞的生物学样品染色的方法,包括:提供分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液;在应用于生物学样品之前将分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合达小于约30分钟的时间段以提供苏木因-媒染剂溶液;并将苏木因媒染剂溶液在将生物学样品的细胞中的结构染色的条件下应用于生物学样品。在一些实施方案中,苏木因溶液是半氧化的苏木因溶液。在一些实施方案中,媒染剂溶液包含硫酸铝。在一些实施方案中,将组织封固在载玻片上。在一些实施方案中,苏木因和媒染剂溶液包含低挥发性溶剂。在一些实施方案中,低挥发性溶剂选自下组:甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将封固在基质上的生物学样品染色的系统,其包含:装有苏木因溶液的第一容器和装有媒染剂溶液的第二容器,第一和第二容器流体地连接至混合接收器,从而能组合苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液以提供苏木因-媒染剂溶液;与混合接收器流体流通的基质支持物,从而在基质占据基质支持物时,能将苏木因-媒染剂溶液应用于封固在基质上的生物学样品。在一些实施方案中,混合接收器是流体连接至第一和第二容器的管。在一些实施方案中,系统是自动化的。在一些实施方案中,系统还包含装有一或多种组织染色剂或标记剂的另外的容器。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将封固在基质上的生物学样品染色的系统,其包含:装有苏木因溶液的第一容器和装有媒染剂溶液的第二容器,第一和第二容器流体地连接至分配器,从而能将苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液应用于封固在基质上的样品;与分配器流体流通的基质支持物,从而在基质占据基质支持物时,能将溶液应用于封固在基质上的生物学样品。
定义
除非上下文中另外清楚地指出,单数形式“一个/一种/该”包括复数指代物。如此,例如,对“一种主体化合物”的提述指一或多种主体化合物,如2种或更多种主体化合物、3种或更多种主体化合物或甚至4种或更多种主体化合物。
术语“生物学样品”指任何自生物学实体如动物获得或以其它方式衍生的样品,例如,自人或兽医动物如犬、猫、马或牛获得的样品。生物学样品的例子包括细胞学样品、组织样品和生物学流体。生物学样品的非限制性的具体例子包括血液、尿液、射精前液(pre-ejaculate)、乳头吸出物、精液、乳液、痰、粘液、胸水、骨盆液、滑液、腹水、体腔清洗物、眼刷洗物、皮肤刮擦物、口腔拭样、阴道拭样、巴氏涂片(pap smear)、直肠拭样、吸出物、针吸活组织检查、组织切片(例如通过手术或验尸获得的),血浆、血清、脊髓液、淋巴液、汗液、泪液、唾液、肿瘤、器官和自体外细胞或组织培养物获得的样品。典型地,样品会是已固定、加工以除去水并包埋在石蜡或另一种合适的蜡性物质中以切成组织切片的活组织检查样品。可以将生物学样品封固在基质如显微镜载玻片上用于处理和/或检查。
如本文中使用的,术语“苏木因溶液”一般指通过将苏木因(苏木精的氧化产物)直接溶解于溶剂形成的组合物和通过将苏木精溶解于溶剂并允许或促进苏木精氧化成苏木因所形成的组合物。
如本文中使用的,术语“新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液”指临应用于生物学样品之前混合苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液来制备溶液,例如通过在应用于生物学样品之前混合达选自下组的一段时间:小于约4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时、45分钟、30分钟、10分钟、5分钟、1分钟、30秒和20秒,或者将苏木因和媒染剂溶液分开应用于生物学样品并在样品上例如通过喷射气体或空气搅动来混合。
术语“氧化剂”指一种原子或分子,其具有比第二种分子更大的还原势,例如比苏木精更大的还原势,从而其会与苏木精反应并将其氧化为苏木因。氧化剂包括扩散至苏木精并将其氧化的空气中天然存在的分子氧,以及与苏木精(通常在溶液中)活性组合以将至少一部分苏木精转化为苏木因的“化学氧化剂”。半氧化的苏木精溶液是其中以将约一半的可用苏木精氧化的量纳入氧化剂的溶液,如由Gill,Acta Cytologica,18(4):300-11(1974)描述的,其通过提述完整并入本文中。可用的化学氧化剂的例子包括一或多种碘酸盐(如碘酸钠和碘酸钾)、汞氧化物、高锰酸盐(如高锰酸钾)、高碘酸盐(如高碘酸钠和高碘酸钾)和过氧化物(如过氧化氢)。在具体的实施方案中,化学氧化剂包含碘酸钠。
术语“媒染剂”指一种离子金属种类,其能与染料(如苏木因)形成复合物(如阳离子复合物),该复合物用来将染料(如苏木因)结合至特定细胞组分如核DNA、髓磷脂、弹性和胶原纤维、肌肉横纹(muscle striation)和线粒体。媒染剂的例子包括铝(例如,以明矾如硫酸铝、硫酸钾铝或硫酸铵铝的形式)、铁、钨、锆、铋、钼(磷钼酸或钼酸)、钒(钒酸盐)。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于将生物学样品染色的方法,并且具体地涉及用于将生物学样品用苏木精染剂染色的自动化方法。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于将生物学样品染色的方法,其中临应用于生物学样品之前将分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合。令人惊讶地,已发现与使用苏木因和媒染剂在染色溶液中已存在达延长的一段时间的溶液不同,当临应用前组合苏木因和媒染剂溶液时,能获得一致的染色结果。在一些实施方案中,在应用于生物学样品之前将苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合达一段时间:约小于4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时、45分钟、30分钟、10分钟、5分钟、1分钟、30秒或20秒。在一些优选的实施方案中,在应用于生物学样品之前将苏木因和媒染剂溶液混合达小于约1分钟、30秒或20秒。
本发明的方法与自动化加工系统是相容的。在一些实施方案中,所述系统包含分开的储库或容器,其装有分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液。在一些实施方案中,所述系统还包含分配系统,其将溶液投递至生物学样品,优选为封固在载玻片上的生物学样品。在一些实施方案中,在应用于生物学样品之前组合苏木因和媒染剂溶液。在一些实施方案中,对媒染剂溶液的容器和苏木因溶液的容器加压并流体地连接至混合接收器。混合接收器可以是能够保持或运输经混合溶液的任何容器,如刚性或柔性的管。在一些实施方案中,混合接收器是流体连接至分配器的管。在一些实施方案中,苏木因和媒染剂溶液经由管道流体地连接至T装置。来自T装置的输出继而流体连接至分配器。在这些实施方案中,将媒染剂和苏木因溶液供入到T装置中,而在导出T装置的管中发生溶液的混合。在一些实施方案中,将分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液分开地分配到生物学样品上。在这些实施方案中,可以允许溶液通过在样品上扩散混合或机械混合,例如通过用移液管搅动。
在组合物的一些实施方案中利用的化学氧化剂的量能足以完全(如基本定量地)将苏木精氧化为苏木因,或仅足以部分将苏木精氧化为苏木因。在具体的实施方案中,超过一半的苏木精被化学氧化剂氧化为苏木因,在其它实施方案中,不到一半的苏木精被化学氧化剂氧化为苏木因。例如,介于1%和50%之间的苏木精能被化学氧化剂氧化为苏木因,但更典型地,介于约10%和约50%之间的苏木精被化学氧化剂氧化为苏木因。在具体的实施例中,组合物中使用的苏木精与氧化剂的摩尔比率介于6:1和1:1之间。应当理解,尽管化学氧化剂被考虑为组合物的一部分,但在与苏木精反应后其被转化为其还原产物,而该还原产物会保留在组合物中。
组合物的媒染剂可以是任何媒染剂,如铝媒染剂、铁媒染剂、铋媒染剂、铜媒染剂、钼媒染剂、钒媒染剂和锆媒染剂中的一或多种。在一些实施方案中,媒染剂包含明矾,且在更具体的实施方案中,媒染剂包含硫酸铝。媒染剂可以以高于组合物中苏木因的浓度的浓度存在于组合物中(可由折光测定法、薄层层析或光谱学测定),或它可以以低于组合物中苏木因的浓度的浓度存在于组合物中。或者,在一些实施方案中,组合物中苏木精对媒染剂的摩尔比率介于2:1和1:100之间,且在具体的实施方案中,组合物中苏木精对媒染剂的摩尔比率介于1:5和1:20之间。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明的苏木因溶液包含苏木精(其被氧化为苏木因)、缓冲系统、水性溶剂和化学氧化剂。在一些实施方案中,以足以将pH控制为接近介于1和4之间的pH,如接近2.4-2.8的pH的浓度使用缓冲剂。在一些实施方案中,缓冲系统包含邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸氢钾。在一些实施方案中,用于溶解苏木精的溶剂包含水性组合物,如包含水和低挥发性溶剂如多元醇的组合物。可用的多元醇包括甘油、乙二醇和丙二醇。在一些实施方案中,本发明的媒染剂溶液包含媒染剂、缓冲系统和水性溶剂。在一些实施方案中,以足以将pH控制为接近介于1和4之间的pH,如接近2.4-2.8的pH的浓度使用缓冲剂。在一些实施方案中,缓冲系统包含邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸氢钾。在一些实施方案中,用于溶解媒染剂的溶剂包含水性组合物,如包含水和低挥发性溶剂如多元醇的组合物。可用的多元醇包括甘油、乙二醇和丙二醇。
可以使本文中披露的方法和系统适应于与现有的自动化加工系统一起使用。例如,Ventana Medical Systems,Inc.是许多披露用于实施自动化分析的系统和方法的美国专利的受让人,包括美国专利No.5,650,327、5,654,200、6,296,809、6,352,861、6,827,901和6,943,029,和美国公开申请No.20030211630和20040052685,其各自通过提述并入本文中。可以使这些系统适合与本发明相容。简言之,前述申请中描述的自动化载玻片加工系统是一种大体积载玻片加工系统,其在工作站之间穿梭运输置有多个载玻片的处于基本水平位置(以使交叉污染最小化)的盘,所述工作站在载玻片上实施各种载玻片加工操作。在加工期间可以向每张载玻片应用新鲜试剂,并且可以基本消除载玻片与试剂的交叉污染,因为载玻片是在盘中以空间分开的方式分开处理的。在一种配置中,系统包含辐射加热器、组合的脱石蜡器/染色器/溶剂交换器工作站、对流烤箱和盖玻片机。可以在系统的辐射加热器下加热具有石蜡包埋的组织样品的载玻片的盘以将石蜡散布在样品中,从而更易除去石蜡并还将样品粘附于载玻片。然后,可将盘运输至多功能的脱石蜡器/染色器/溶剂交换器工作站,其中可以将载玻片脱石蜡化、染色并交换溶剂。然后,可以将准备好盖上盖玻片的一盘经染色的载玻片穿梭运输到系统的盖玻片机,在该处向载玻片加盖玻片。一旦已将载玻片盖上盖玻片,就可以将盘运输至对流烤箱以固化(cure)经染色载玻片上的盖玻片。刚才描述的大体积染色器是可从Ventana Medical Systems,Inc,Tucson,Ariz商业获得的。尽管刚才描述的染色系统能配置为实施任何组织学染色方法,但一种例示性的H&E方案为:将样品粘附至载玻片的焙固(baking)步骤、从石蜡包埋的样品除去石蜡的脱石蜡化步骤、苏木精染色步骤(其可利用披露的苏木精组合物)、提高pH并将苏木精变蓝以提供与下游加入的曙红更好的反差的染蓝步骤、曙红染色步骤、用于除去过量曙红并将曙红的各种深浅红色变为粉红色的差异化步骤、使用100%乙醇从样品除去水的脱水步骤、其中将载玻片暴露于升高的温度并经空气流动以除去乙醇的步骤、其中将柠檬烯(limonene)分配到样品的加盖玻片步骤、和固化步骤。
尽管将本公开中针对分开的苏木因和媒染剂溶液的使用所列出的原理应用于用硫酸铝媒染染剂的变体,但应当理解可将它们应用于其它用于将生物样品组织化学染色的苏木精-媒染剂系统。可以加入主体化合物和/或抗氧化剂以改进稳定性的用明矾媒染的苏木精组织学染剂的具体例子包括:Anderson’s、Apathy’s、Baker’s Bennett’s、Bohmer’s、Bosma’s、Bullard’s、Carazzi’s、Cole’s、Debiden’s、de Groot’s、Delafield’s、Duval’s、Ehrlich’s、Friedlander’s、Gadsdon’s、Gage’s、Galigher’s、Garvey’s、Gill’s、Graham’s、Hamilton’s、Harris′、Harris & Power’s、Haug’s、Horneyold’s、Kleinenberg’s、Krutsay’s、Langeron’s、Launoy’s、Lee’s、Lillie’s、Lugol’s、McLachlan’s、Mallory’s、Mann’s、Martinotti’s、Masson’s、Mayer’s、Mitchell’s、Molnar’s、Papamiltiades′、Pusey’s、Rawitz′、Reddy’s、Sass′、Schmorl’s、Slidders′、Unna’s、Watson’s和Weigert & Wright’s。用铁媒染的苏木精染剂的具体的例子包括:Anderson’s、Cretin’s、Faure’s、Goldman’s、Hansen’s、Heidenhain’s、Janssen’s、Kefalas′、Krajian’s、Krutsay’s、La Manna’s、Lillie’s、Lillie&Earle’s、Masson’s、More & Bassal’s、Murray’s、Paquin & Goddard’s、Regaud’s、Rozas′、Seidelin’s、Thomas′、Weigert’s和Yasvoyn’s。用铋媒染的苏木精是Roach & Smith’s。用铜媒染的苏木精包括Bensley’s、Cook’s和Faure’s。用钼媒染的苏木精是Held’s。用钒媒染的苏木精包括Hedenhain’s和Smith’s。用锆媒染的苏木精是McNulty& Smith’s。此类经媒染的苏木精溶液的配方以及制备和使用的方法可见于例如StainsFile(由Bryan Llewellyn维护的针对组织学技术专家的因特网资源);Kiernan,“Histological and Histochemical methods:Theory and Practice”3rd Ed.Butterworth Heinemann,Oxford,UK;以及Horobin and Kiernan,“Conn’sbiological stains:a handbook of dyes,stains and fluorochromes for us in biologyand medicine”10th ed.,Oxford:BIOS,ISBN1859960995,2002。
在一些实施方案中,所述系统和方法还包含用另外的染剂如复染剂来将生物学样品染色。在一些实施方案中,用复染剂接触样品包括用曙红Y、橘黄G、亮绿SF淡黄、Bismark棕、固绿(fast green)FCF、OA-6、EA25、EA36、EA50和EA65中的一或多种接触样品。此类复染剂的配方以及制备方法可见于例如StainsFile(由Bryan Llewellyn维护的针对组织学技术专家的因特网资源);Kiernan,“Histological and Histochemical methods:Theory and Practice”,3rd Ed.Butterworth Heinemann,Oxford,UK;以及Horobin and Kiernan,“Conn′s biological stains:a handbook of dyes,stains and fluorochromes for us inbiology and medicine”10th ed.,Oxford:BIOS,ISBN1859960995,2002。在其它实施方案中,用苏木精组合物接触样品包括一种渐进性苏木精染色方案。在其它实施方案中,用苏木精组合物接触样品包括一种退减性苏木精染色方案。所述方法可以是自动化的,并且可以在基质如显微镜载玻片上支持的生物学样品上实施。在具体的实施方案中,所述方法用于将封固在显微镜载玻片上的组织切片或细胞学样品染色。在具体的实施方案中,进一步包括复染步骤,该方法可以是H&E染色方法或PAP染色方法,且更具体地是自动化的H&E或PAP染色方法。
可以连同本发明的染色规程使用的其它组织学染剂包括染料如吖啶染料、蒽醌染料、芳甲烷染料、偶氮(azo)染料、重氮染料、硝基染料、酞菁(phthalocyanine)染料、奎宁亚胺染料、四唑染料、噻唑染料和口占吨(xanthene)染料。可用于组织学染色的染料的例子包括乙酰黄(acetylyellow)、酸性黑1、酸性蓝22、酸性蓝93、酸性品红(fuchsin)、酸性绿、酸性绿1、酸性绿5、酸性绛红(magenta)、酸性橙10、酸性红4、酸性红26、酸性红29、酸性红44、酸性红51、酸性红66、酸性红73、酸性红87、酸性红91、酸性红92、酸性红94、酸性红101、酸性红103、酸性碱式品红(roseine)、酸性复红(rubin)、酸性紫19、酸性黄1、酸性黄9、酸性黄23、酸性黄24、酸性黄36、酸性黄73、酸性黄S、酸性黄T、吖啶橙、吖啶黄(acriflavine)、阿辛(alcian)蓝、阿辛黄、醇溶性曙红、茜素、茜素蓝、茜素蓝2RC、茜素洋红(carmine)、茜素花青苷(cyanin)BBS、茜酚(alizarol)花青苷R、茜素红S、茜素红紫素(purpurin)、铝试剂(aluminon)、氨基黑10B、氨基萘酚红、amidoschwarz、苯胺蓝WS、苯胺紫、蒽蓝SWR、蒽蓝SWX、金胺0、偶氮曙红(azo-eosin)、偶氮胭脂红(azocarmine)B、偶氮胭脂红G、偶氮曙红G、偶氮重氮5、偶氮重氮48、偶氮红(azophloxine)、伊文斯蓝(azovanblue)、天蓝A、天蓝B、天蓝C、碱性蓝8、碱性蓝9、碱性蓝12、碱性蓝15、碱性蓝17、碱性蓝20、碱性蓝26、碱性棕1、碱性品红、碱性绿4、碱性绿5、碱性橙14、碱性红2、碱性红5、碱性红9、碱性紫2、碱性紫4、碱性紫10、碱性紫14、碱性黄1、碱性黄2、Biebrich猩红、Biebrich猩红R、Bismarck棕Y、巴西红木精(brazilein)、巴西红木红(brazilin)、亮藏花精(brilliant crocein)、亮结晶紫6R、钙红、洋红(carmine)、洋红酸淡红(carmoisine)6R、天青石(Celestine)蓝B、中国蓝、氯冉亭(chlorantine)坚牢红5B、胭脂红(cochineal)、天青石蓝、芝加哥蓝4B、铬紫CG、铬变素(chromotrope)2R、铬烷花青(chromoxane cyanin)R、刚果Corinth、刚果红、棉蓝、棉红、藏红猩红(croceine scarlet)、藏红猩红3B、藏红猩红MOO、藏花素(crocin)、结晶丽春红(Ponceau)6R、结晶猩红、结晶紫、大丽花(dahlia)、孔雀石(diamond green)B、直接蓝14、直接蓝58、直接红、直接红10、直接红28、直接红80、直接红81、直接黄7、杜拉夫(durazol)蓝4R、杜拉夫蓝8G、曙红B、曙红浅蓝、曙红、曙红Y、曙红淡黄、eosinol、伊利石榴红(Erie garnet)B、铬花青(eriochromecyanin)R、赤藓红(erythrosine)B乙基曙红、乙基绿、乙基紫、Evan’s蓝、坚牢蓝B、坚牢绿FCF、坚牢红B、坚牢黄、坚牢特黄、坚牢黄G、坚牢黑HB、荧光素、食品绿3、galleon、棓胺(gallamine)蓝棓花青(gallocyanin)、甲紫(gentian violet)、日光坚牢品红(helio fast rubin)BBL、helvetia蓝、Hoffman氏紫、肼黄、印度红(imperial red)、显色(ingrain)蓝1、显色黄1、INT、胭脂(Kermes)、胭脂酮酸(kermesic acid)、kemechtrot、Lac、紫胶色酸(laccaic acid)、Lauth氏紫、浅绿、丽丝胺坚牢(lissamine fast)黄、丽丝胺绿SF、勒克司(Luxol)坚牢蓝、绛红0、绛红I、绛红II、绛红III、孔雀石绿、曼彻斯特棕(Manchester brown)、马休(Martius)黄、紫红(mauve)、苯胺紫(mauveine)、汞溴红(merbromin)、红汞(mercurochrome)、间胺(metanil)黄、亚甲基天蓝A、亚甲基天蓝B、亚甲基天蓝C、亚甲基蓝、亚甲基绿、甲基蓝、甲基绿、甲基紫、甲基紫2B、甲基紫10B、磨黄3G、媒染蓝3、媒染蓝10、媒染蓝14、媒染蓝23、媒染蓝32、媒染蓝45、媒染红3、媒染红11、媒染紫25、媒染紫39、萘蓝黑、萘酚蓝黑、萘酚绿B、萘酚黄S、自然黑1、自然红、自然红3、自然红4、自然红8、自然红16、自然红24、自然红25、自然红28、自然黄6、NBT、中性红、新品红(new fuchsin)、尼亚加拉(Niagara)蓝3B、黑蓝(night blue)、尼罗蓝、尼罗蓝A、尼罗蓝硫酸盐、尼罗红、硝基BT、硝基蓝四唑、核坚牢红(nuclear fast red)、油红O、橙G、地衣红(orcein)、碱性副品红(pararosanilin)、Perkin氏紫、焰红(phloxine)B、苦味酸(picric acid)、丽春红2R、丽春红6R、丽春红B、Ponceau de Xylidine、丽春红S、滂胺(pontamine)天蓝5B、primula、樱草灵(primuline)、红紫素(purpurin)、焦宁(pyronin)B、焦宁G、焦宁Y、罗丹明B、玫瑰苯胺(rosanilin)、玫瑰Bengal、藏红花(saffron)、藏红O、猩红R、猩红(scarletred)、Scharlach R、紫胶(shellac)、粘胶纤维(sirius)红F3B、粘胶纤维红4B、sirius supra蓝F3R、solochromecyanin R、可溶性蓝、溶剂黑3、溶剂蓝38、溶剂红23、溶剂红24、溶剂红27、溶剂红45、溶剂黄94、酒精饮料可溶性曙红、苏丹III、苏丹IV、苏丹黑B、苏丹红BK、硫黄S、瑞士蓝、酒石黄(tartrazine)、硫黄素(thioflavine)S、硫黄素T、硫堇(thionin)、甲苯胺(toluidine)蓝、toluoyline red、金莲橙(tropaeolin)G、trypaflavine、锥虫蓝(trypan blue)、uranin、维多利亚(Vicoria)蓝4R、维多利亚蓝B、维多利亚蓝R、维多利亚绿B、水蓝(water blue)I、水可溶性曙红、染木猩红(woodstain scarlet)、二甲代苯胺丽春红(Xylidineponceau)和黄曙红、及其组合。本段中论述的组织化学染料溶液的配方以及制备和使用方法(如在具体组织学背景中的“特定染剂”规程中,或作为复染剂)可见于,例如StainsFile(由BryanLlewellyn维护的针对组织学技术专家的因特网资源);Kiernan,“Histologicaland Histochemical methods:Theory and Practice”,3rd Ed.ButterworthHeinemann,Oxford,UK;以及Horobin and Kiernan,“Conn′s biological stains:ahandbook of dyes,stains and fluorochromes for us in biology and medicine”,10th ed.,Oxford:BIOS,ISBN1859960995,2002。紧接上文引用的两项所连参考的内容通过提述并入本文中。
实施例
实施例1:溶液的制备
制备以下溶液:
对于溶液A和B,将丙二醇在60℃的热板上加热。加入邻苯二甲酸,并加热组合物直至固体溶解。关闭加热并边搅拌边向丙二醇溶液加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾在DI H2O中的溶液。将固体硫酸钾铝加入溶液A中。然后过夜搅拌溶液A,然后使用25微米凹槽型滤纸过滤。向溶液B加入苏木精,并将组合物搅拌约15分钟。然后加入固体碘酸钠,过夜搅拌溶液,然后使用25微米凹槽型滤纸过滤。
实施例2:生物学样品的染色
材料:KAl(SO4)2缓冲的溶液(双倍强度;2x溶液A);苏木因缓冲的溶液(双倍强度;2X溶液B),有1%Merpol洗液的50/50丙二醇/H2O;50/500.1Tris染蓝剂(bluing);95%丙二醇;转移流体(Transfer fluid);3X3MTB载玻片。
在厚膜(打开)盒上使用以下方案。将载玻片手动脱石蜡化,轻度涂抹并置于盒中。将400μL2X溶液A分配到组织上,接着立即在组织上分配400μL2X溶液B。然后将载玻片温育3分钟。然后将载玻片用800μL1%的水性Merpol漂洗2次达10秒。然后用800μL95%的丙二醇处理载玻片达10秒。接着用800μL转移流体漂洗载玻片3次,每次10秒。然后在SakkuraTissueTek仪上施加盖玻片。
在一式两份载玻片上使用此方案,并且对载玻片有以下修改。将两张载玻片与分开的无混合的溶液A和B温育6分钟,将两张载玻片与在用移液器加入溶液B后手动混合的溶液A和B温育8分钟。
实施例3:两部分染色溶液的制备
溶液A:0.75M邻苯二甲酸盐缓冲的KAl(SO4)2。向250ml丙二醇加入8.97g邻苯二甲酸,并在60℃搅拌混合物直至固体溶解。伴随搅拌加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液(4.3g于750mL DI H2O中),并将溶液从热源移开。然后加入12.0gKAl(SO4)2·12H2O,搅拌混合物直至其为均质的。然后过滤溶液。pH为2.59。
溶液B:0.75M邻苯二甲酸盐缓冲的苏木因。向250mL丙二醇加入8.97g邻苯二甲酸,并在60℃搅拌混合物直至固体溶解。伴随搅拌加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液(4.3g于750mL DI H2O中),并将溶液从热源移开。伴随搅拌加入12.0g苏木精。15-20分钟后,加入1.2g碘酸钠并过夜搅拌混合物。然后过滤溶液。pH为2.71。
将这些溶液用于下文描述的实验。
实施例4:染色溶液的自动混合
将分开的A和B溶液放置到实验板(breadboard)上的瓶中,并通过T装置连接瓶的输出以允许预混合这两种分开的溶液。将载玻片(3X3手动去石蜡化)置于打开的薄膜染色盒中,并用800μL50/50丙二醇/H2O混合物覆盖组织以防止组织干燥。对上述预混合装置加压,将2-3mL溶液分配到管中并转移至打开的薄膜盒。将50/50溶液从组织样品气刀(air-knife)分开,并将800μL预混合的溶液A和B分配到载玻片顶部。将载玻片温育3分钟,然后实施实施例2中方案的剩余步骤。在另外的载玻片上重复此规程,其用染色混合物进行3分钟重复处理(即两次3分钟温育),为6分钟温育。然后进行实施例2中方案的剩余步骤。
实施例5:生物学样品的染色
为了示范两部分苏木精染色,使用上文描述的新鲜溶液对载玻片染色。所有载玻片均用使用实施例4中描述的加压实验板装置制备的混合物染色。将4张载玻片一式两份地染色3或6分钟温育时间。在应用染料后,如实施例2中描述的加工载玻片。由病理学家评估载玻片的核染色强度。将该载玻片与用传统的苏木因溶液(表示为NGH III)染色的载玻片进行比较,在用传统的苏木因溶液染色时在实验之前已将苏木精和媒染剂混合达延长的一段时间。
测试以下处理。
处理
NGH III–3分钟。
NGH III–3分钟。
NGH III–6分钟。
NGH III–6分钟。
预混合A和B–3分钟。
预混合A和B–3分钟。
预混合A和B–3分钟。
预混合A和B–6分钟。
预混合A和B–6分钟。
不预混合A和B–3分钟。
不预混合A和B–3分钟。
不预混合A和B–6分钟。
不预混合A和B–6分钟。
手动混合A和B–3分钟。
手动混合A和B–3分钟。
手动混合A和B–6分钟。
手动混合A和B–6分钟。
发现使用新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液产生满意的染色结果。
实施例6:生物学样品的染色
可以通过将每部分以不同体积混合来使用两部分染色溶液,只要组分化学物(铝盐/苏木因)的化学计量经由调节合适的溶液浓度得以维持。对本发明的进一步说明由来自实施例3的溶液B的备选配制例示:伴随搅拌将苏木精(2.4g)加入50mL丙二醇,接着加入150mL DI H2O。一旦所有固体均溶解,加入碘酸钠(0.24g)并过夜搅拌混合物,过滤,然后即已准备好用于染色实验(溶液B1)。苏木因浓度降低,但缓冲系统维持在0.075M的含苏木因溶液的另一个实施方案由以下例示:将丙二醇(31.25mL)加热至60℃,并伴随搅拌加入邻苯二甲酸(1.12g)直至溶解。将混合物从热源移开,并向其加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾(0.54g)在93.75mL DI H2O中的溶液。然后伴随搅拌加入苏木精(1.0g),在溶解后加入碘酸钠(0.1g),并过夜搅拌该混合物。在过滤后,该混合物即已准备好用于使用(溶液B2)。
其中苏木因浓度和缓冲系统浓度均降低的又一个实施方案由以下例示:将丙二醇(31.25mL)加热至60℃,并伴随搅拌加入邻苯二甲酸(0.56g)直至溶解。将混合物从热源移开,并向其加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾(0.27g)在93.75mL DI H2O中的溶液。然后伴随搅拌加入苏木精(1.0g),在溶解后加入碘酸钠(0.1g),并过夜搅拌该混合物。在过滤后,该混合物即已准备好用于使用(溶液B3)。
测试所有这些例子在升高的温度与多种金属接触时的稳定性,从而评估它们对于形成沉淀物的相对倾向:对此测试而言,将上述每种苏木精溶液配制物的25mL等分试样分配到有特氟隆密封盖的硼硅酸盐玻璃罐中,然后置于45℃烤箱。在33.5天的时程[约等同于在室温(RT)暴露12个月]中,每周检查溶液并记录任何变化。对于每种流体,在45℃和在RT设置对照。还测试Symphony N2+苏木精溶液的标准配制物用于参照。Symphony N2+苏木精溶液记载于美国专利公开2008/0227143的图2中的配方2,其完整内容通过提述并入本文中。
在上文说明书中提及的所有出版物和专利通过提述并入本文。对本发明所述的方法和系统的修改和变更对于本领域技术人员来说将是明显的,而不背离本发明的范围和精神。尽管已连同特定的优选的实施方案描述本发明,但应理解要求保护的本发明不应当过分受限于这类特定的实施方案。实际上,用于实施本发明的所述模式的各种修改对于本发明的领域中的技术人员来说是明显的,并且意图落入所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于将包含细胞的生物学样品染色的自动化方法,其包括:
提供分开的苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液;
通过混合所述分开的苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液来制备新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液;并
将所述生物学样品与所述新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液在将所述生物学样品的细胞中的结构染色的条件下接触。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在接触生物学样品之前将所述苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液混合达选自下组的一段时间:小于约4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时、45分钟、30分钟、10分钟、5分钟、1分钟、30秒和20秒。
3.权利要求1-2中任一项的方法,其中将所述苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液作为分开的溶液应用于所述生物学样品,并在所述生物学样品上混合以提供新鲜的苏木因-媒染剂溶液。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中改变所述分开的苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液的比率以调节所述苏木因-媒染剂溶液的至少一种特性。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述至少一种特性是染色强度。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中所述苏木因溶液是半氧化的苏木精溶液。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述半氧化的苏木因溶液包含足以氧化所述苏木因溶液中约50%的苏木精的量的氧化剂。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其中所述媒染剂溶液包含硫酸铝。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述生物学样品被封固在载玻片上。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的方法,其中所述苏木因溶液和媒染剂溶液包含低挥发性溶剂。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述低挥发性溶剂选自下组:甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。
12.一种用于将封固在基质上的生物学样品染色的系统,其包含:
装有苏木因溶液的第一容器和装有媒染剂溶液的第二容器,所述第一和第二容器流体地连接至混合接收器,从而能组合所述苏木因溶液和所述媒染剂溶液以提供苏木因-媒染剂溶液;
与所述混合接收器流体流通的基质支持物,从而在所述基质占据所述基质支持物时,能将所述苏木因-媒染剂溶液应用于封固在基质上的所述生物学样品。
13.权利要求12的系统,其中所述混合接收器是流体地连接至所述第一和第二容器的管。
14.权利要求12-13中任一项的系统,其中所述系统是自动化的。
15.权利要求12-14中任一项的系统,其还包含装有一或多种组织染色剂或标记剂的另外的容器。
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JP2014505248A (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
US20130302852A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
AU2012205849A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
KR20140002694A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2663852A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
BR112013017366A2 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
CA2822451A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
WO2012096842A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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