CN103408321A - Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103408321A CN103408321A CN2013102300716A CN201310230071A CN103408321A CN 103408321 A CN103408321 A CN 103408321A CN 2013102300716 A CN2013102300716 A CN 2013102300716A CN 201310230071 A CN201310230071 A CN 201310230071A CN 103408321 A CN103408321 A CN 103408321A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- insulation material
- oxychloride cement
- polystyrene foam
- cement composite
- foam particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polystyrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The EPS (expanded polystyrene) particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material is a novel lightweight organic-inorganic composite heat insulation material which is prepared by steps of firstly foaming magnesium oxychloride cement, industrial waste slag, EPS particles, PPF (polypropylene fiber) fiber, a foaming agent and water by using a slurry body of a cementing material of the magnesium oxychloride cement and further mixing with the EPS particles. The EPS particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 49.81-52.13% of magnesium oxychloride cement, 16.76-17.52% of industrial waste slag, 1.83-5.61% of EPS particles, 0.37-0.81% of PPF fiber, 0-0.21% of foaming agent and 26.89-28.10% of water. The EPS particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material disclosed by the invention has the prominent features of low price, good heat insulation performance, energy conservation, waste recycling, environmental friendliness and the like.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of novel light, the organic and inorganic compound insulating material that utilizes polystyrene foam (EPS) particle, magnesia oxychloride cement, industrial residue and whipping agent to prepare.Concretely, the EPS particle is combined to a kind of organic and inorganic compound insulating material prepared with the gelling material matrix phase by the foaming technique gained.Be mainly used in the fields such as building energy conservation, wall thermal insulating.
Background technology
Construction industry is China's mainstay industry; building energy consumption accounts for 1/3 of social total energy consumption, along with the quickening of urbanization process and the improvement of people's living standard, and can the rising year by year of China's building energy consumption; the building high energy consumption is aggravated energy dilemma, has become the weakness of China's Economic development.Meanwhile, the industrial residues such as a large amount of flyash of China, slag, silicon ash can not get effective processing, have occupied a large amount of land resources, severe contamination peripheral environment.Therefore, effectively utilize industrial residue, development of new energy-saving building materials and goods, meet the building energy conservation requirement of building low-carbon economy and energy-saving and emission-reduction, and China's sustainable economic development tool is of great significance.
The thermal conductivity of EPS particle is low, and the thermal and insulating performance excellence is desirable lagging material.The excellent properties such as magnesia oxychloride cement has the high and low alkalescence of early strength, proportion is little, fire line good, thermal conductivity is little, have excellent adhesive property with the EPS particle.Simultaneously, the utilization of the industrial residues such as flyash, ground slag, levigate colliery powder or silicon ash, be the effective processing approach turned waste into wealth, for developing a circular economy, environmental protection has great significance.Therefore, develop EPS particle and industrial residue and by foaming technique, prepare organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating material and goods, for developing a circular economy, advance China's energy-saving and emission-reduction work to have important practical significance, the application and development prospect is very wide.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material (dry density 215 ~ 480kg/m
3, thermal conductivity 0.06 ~ 0.14W/ (mK) this), starting material wide material sources, the technology of preparing of the EPS particle-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material of invention is simple, facility investment is little, with low cost, natural curing gets final product.Therefore, matrix material of the present invention is convenient to apply on a large scale in China's building energy saving field.
Technical scheme:For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material, the mass percent of this each component of material is:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 49.81 ~ 52.13%
Industrial residue 16.76 ~ 17.52%
Polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam) particle 1.83 ~ 5.61%
Polypropylene (PPF) fiber 0.37 ~ 0.81%
Whipping agent 0 ~ 0.21%
Water 26.89 ~ 28.10%.
Described magnesia oxychloride cement is comprised of magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, water-resisting agent.
Described industrial residue is any in flyash, ground slag, levigate colliery powder or silicon ash.
Described polystyrene foam particles be lightweight, particle diameter evenly, the particle of surface modification and heat-insulation and heat-preservation.
Described PPF fiber is the organic fibre of short thin, excellent dispersion.
Described whipping agent is the protein whipping agent.
At first the preparation method of polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material of the present invention comprises the steps: that by formula rate, taking required magnesia oxychloride cement, industrial residue, polypropylene fibre, water is stirred to uniform slurry shape material; Whipping agent is added in foaming machine and foams, then foam is injected to the magnesia oxychloride cement slurry, be stirred to evenly; According to formula rate, polystyrene foam particles is added in the foaming magnesium oxychloride cement slurry, mixing and stirring, lay alkali-proof glass fiber mesh and build moulding at mold bottom again; Finally on the slurry surface, repave one deck grid cloth, natural curing forms.
Beneficial effect:
(1) organic and inorganic is compound, utilizes EPS particle and magnesia oxychloride cement with organic and inorganic complex method preparation, gives full play to that the organic materials quality is light, good effect of heat insulation, inorganic materials early-strong-fast-hard, the advantage such as fire line is good; (2) environmental benefit is remarkable, adopts the industrial residues such as flyash, ground slag, levigate colliery powder, silicon ash, turns waste into wealth, and has significant energy conservation and environmental protection benefit; (3) disorderly to fiber and oriented web sheet, mix enhancing, disorderly to PPF fiber and directed glass grid cloth, have the reinforcing effect of mixing, can increase substantially bending resistance, tensile strength and the toughness of lagging material; Technology of preparing is simple, with low cost.EPS particle-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material prepared by the above-mentioned technology of integrated use, there is no this series products both at home and abroad.
Embodiment
Below the present invention will be further described.
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and defect, utilize EPS particle and magnesia oxychloride cement with organic and inorganic complex method preparation, give full play to that the organic materials quality is light, good effect of heat insulation, inorganic materials early-strong-fast-hard, the advantage such as fire line is good; In inorganic coagulation material forms, select suitable industrial residue kind and volume, have the environmental protection meaning; In addition, the unrest in the inorganic gel matrix has to PPF fiber and the directional glass fiber grid cloth that is laid on the goods upper and lower surface reinforcing effect of mixing, and can increase substantially bending resistance, tensile strength and the toughness of lagging material.On this basis, select foaming agent, body material and the industrial residue of suitable type, prepare according to different composition and ratios and preparation parameter design EPS particle-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material that thermal and insulating performance is good.The recycle that can be a large amount of industrial residues of China provides new technology, and can promote the development of Energy Saving Technique for Buildings in Our Country, has important theory significance and significant engineering using value, and market outlook are very wide.
EPS particle-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material provided by the invention, the mass percent of this each component of material is:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 49.81 ~ 52.13%
Industrial residue 16.76 ~ 17.52%
EPS particle 1.83 ~ 5.61%
PPF fiber 0.37 ~ 0.81%
Whipping agent 0 ~ 0.21%
Water 26.89 ~ 28.10%
Described magnesia oxychloride cement is comprised of magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, water-resisting agent.
Described industrial residue is any in flyash, ground slag, levigate colliery powder or silicon ash.
Described EPS particle be lightweight, particle diameter evenly, the particle of surface modification and heat preservation and insulation excellence.
Described PPF fiber is the organic fibre of short thin, excellent dispersion.
Described whipping agent is the protein whipping agent.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of EPS particle-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material, and at first the method comprises the steps: that by formula rate, taking required magnesia oxychloride cement, industrial residue, PPF fiber, water is stirred to uniform slurry shape material; Whipping agent is added in foaming machine and foams, then foam is injected to the magnesia oxychloride cement slurry, be stirred to evenly; According to formula rate, the EPS particle is added in the foaming magnesium oxychloride cement slurry, mixing and stirring, lay alkali-proof glass fiber mesh and build moulding at mold bottom again; Finally on the slurry surface, repave one deck grid cloth, natural curing forms.
Embodiment 1:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 50.37%
Industrial residue 16.98%
EPS particle 4.45%
PPF fiber 0.75%
Whipping agent 0.21%
Water 27.24%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 240kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 0.40MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.064W/ (mK).
Embodiment 2:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 51.22%
Industrial residue 17.21%
EPS particle 3.32%
PPF fiber 0.56%
Whipping agent 0.08%
Water 27.61%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 312kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 0.8MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.087W/ (mK).
Embodiment 3:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 49.81%
Industrial residue 16.76%
EPS particle 5.61%
PPF fiber 0.81%
Whipping agent 0.12%
Water 26.89%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 215kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 0.33MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.062W/ (mK).
Embodiment 4:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 51.10%
Industrial residue 17.19%
EPS particle 3.46%
PPF fiber 0.58%
Whipping agent 0.10%
Water 27.57%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 300kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 0.78MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.083W/ (mK).
Embodiment 5:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 51.94%
Industrial residue 17.45%
EPS particle 2.19%
PPF fiber 0.37%
Whipping agent 0.05%
Water 28.00%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 384kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 1.28MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.112W/ (mK).
Embodiment 6:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 50.19%
Industrial residue 16.91%
EPS particle 4.86%
PPF fiber 0.76%
Whipping agent 0.16%
Water 27.12%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 228kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 0.38MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.064W/ (mK).
Embodiment 7:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 52.13%
Industrial residue 17.52%
EPS particle 1.83%
PPF fiber 0.37%
Whipping agent 0.05%
Water 28.10%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 480kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 1.65MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.142W/ (mK).
Embodiment 8:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 51.23%
Industrial residue 17.20%
EPS particle 3.54%
PPF fiber 0.45%
Whipping agent 0 %
Water 27.58%
Record its performance as follows:
Dry density is 390kg/m
3, ultimate compression strength is 1.3MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.130W/ (mK).
Claims (7)
1. a polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material, is characterized in that, the mass percent of this each component of material is:
Magnesia oxychloride cement 49.81 ~ 52.13%
Industrial residue 16.76 ~ 17.52%
Polystyrene foam particles 1.83 ~ 5.61%
Polypropylene fibre 0.37 ~ 0.81%
Whipping agent 0 ~ 0.21%
Water 26.89 ~ 28.10%.
2. polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described magnesia oxychloride cement is comprised of magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, water-resisting agent.
3. polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described industrial residue is any in flyash, ground slag, levigate colliery powder or silicon ash.
4. polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described polystyrene foam particles be lightweight, particle diameter evenly, the particle of surface modification and heat-insulation and heat-preservation.
5. polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described PPF fiber is the organic fibre of short thin, excellent dispersion.
6. polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described whipping agent is the protein whipping agent.
7. the preparation method of a polystyrene foam particles-Sorel cement composite thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at first the method comprises the steps: that by formula rate, taking required magnesia oxychloride cement, industrial residue, polypropylene fibre, water is stirred to uniform slurry shape material; Whipping agent is added in foaming machine and foams, then foam is injected to the magnesia oxychloride cement slurry, be stirred to evenly; According to formula rate, polystyrene foam particles is added in the foaming magnesium oxychloride cement slurry, mixing and stirring, lay alkali-proof glass fiber mesh and build moulding at mold bottom again; Finally on the slurry surface, repave one deck grid cloth, natural curing forms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310230071.6A CN103408321B (en) | 2013-06-09 | 2013-06-09 | Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310230071.6A CN103408321B (en) | 2013-06-09 | 2013-06-09 | Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103408321A true CN103408321A (en) | 2013-11-27 |
| CN103408321B CN103408321B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=49601380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310230071.6A Active CN103408321B (en) | 2013-06-09 | 2013-06-09 | Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103408321B (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103804013A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method of porous ultra-temperature ceramic material |
| CN104671822A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-06-03 | 南阳中兴银通建材科技有限公司 | Foaming magnesium cement EPS particle grade A noncombustible board and preparation method thereof |
| CN106116431A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-11-16 | 长安大学 | A kind of preparation method of magnesia oxychloride cement foam concrete wall insulation material |
| CN106187311A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥广能新材料科技有限公司 | Polystyrene cement composite heat preserving material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106278134A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 张春辉 | A kind of insulation material, and preparation method thereof |
| CN106747629A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-31 | 筑成联合资产管理有限公司 | A kind of floor heating is mated formation module |
| CN107954663A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-24 | 河北科莱达建材有限公司 | A kind of foamed plate of fire-type polymer and its preparation method |
| CN108658568A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-16 | 安徽润晟建设有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of cracking resistance insulating brick |
| CN108947461A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥国瑞集成建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of light steel construction magnesite base lightweight slurry and preparation method thereof |
| CN108975860A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-11 | 合肥国瑞集成建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of wallboard magnesite base light high strength concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110885228A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-17 | 中海润达新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material |
| CN111958813A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 四川昊禹铭城新材料科技有限公司 | Assembled composite board with industrial waste residue puffing material as core material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112279672A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 贞丰县恒山建材有限责任公司 | Light partition wall board made of quartz tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN112922196A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-08 | 山东国创节能科技股份有限公司 | Portable external formwork, wall structure and production method of external formwork |
| CN113307525A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 西安工业大学 | Preparation method of polystyrene foam particle and cement composite heat-insulation non-combustible material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1385395A (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2002-12-18 | 徐清江 | Light high-strength thermal-insulation material for builidng |
| CN101244583A (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2008-08-20 | 支亮 | Polystyrene foam plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102635173A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-08-15 | 陈云玲 | Fire-proofing insulation composite plate for external wall |
| CN102850034A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏尼高科技有限公司 | Chlorine magnesium cement compound foaming insulation board and preparation method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-06-09 CN CN201310230071.6A patent/CN103408321B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1385395A (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2002-12-18 | 徐清江 | Light high-strength thermal-insulation material for builidng |
| CN101244583A (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2008-08-20 | 支亮 | Polystyrene foam plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102635173A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-08-15 | 陈云玲 | Fire-proofing insulation composite plate for external wall |
| CN102850034A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏尼高科技有限公司 | Chlorine magnesium cement compound foaming insulation board and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103804013A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method of porous ultra-temperature ceramic material |
| CN103804013B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of preparation method of porous superhigh temperature ceramic material |
| CN104671822A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-06-03 | 南阳中兴银通建材科技有限公司 | Foaming magnesium cement EPS particle grade A noncombustible board and preparation method thereof |
| CN106116431A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-11-16 | 长安大学 | A kind of preparation method of magnesia oxychloride cement foam concrete wall insulation material |
| CN106187311A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥广能新材料科技有限公司 | Polystyrene cement composite heat preserving material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106278134A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 张春辉 | A kind of insulation material, and preparation method thereof |
| CN106747629A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-31 | 筑成联合资产管理有限公司 | A kind of floor heating is mated formation module |
| CN107954663A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-24 | 河北科莱达建材有限公司 | A kind of foamed plate of fire-type polymer and its preparation method |
| CN108658568A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-16 | 安徽润晟建设有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of cracking resistance insulating brick |
| CN108947461A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥国瑞集成建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of light steel construction magnesite base lightweight slurry and preparation method thereof |
| CN108975860A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-11 | 合肥国瑞集成建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of wallboard magnesite base light high strength concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110885228A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-17 | 中海润达新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material |
| CN111958813A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 四川昊禹铭城新材料科技有限公司 | Assembled composite board with industrial waste residue puffing material as core material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112279672A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 贞丰县恒山建材有限责任公司 | Light partition wall board made of quartz tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN112922196A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-08 | 山东国创节能科技股份有限公司 | Portable external formwork, wall structure and production method of external formwork |
| CN113307525A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 西安工业大学 | Preparation method of polystyrene foam particle and cement composite heat-insulation non-combustible material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103408321B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103408321B (en) | Styrene foam particle-magnesium oxychloride cement composite heat insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103342531B (en) | Building exterior wall thermal insulation material and preparation process thereof | |
| CN101941849B (en) | Straw cement based compound porous self-heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105967535B (en) | Ground polymers foam concrete, foam concrete sandwich composite thermo-insulating wall board and preparation | |
| CN103755274B (en) | A kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method | |
| CN100522867C (en) | Polystyrene foam particle heat-insulating mortar | |
| CN102775119B (en) | Method for producing building material by using polystyrene/cotton straw/gypsum | |
| CN103073246B (en) | Special masonry binder for autoclaved aerated concrete | |
| CN106082825B (en) | A kind of architecture exterior wall insulating materials and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103803919B (en) | A kind of polystyrene light energy conservation type concrete segment and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103011713A (en) | Waste foam concrete insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106242426A (en) | External-wall heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105218021A (en) | A kind of preparation technology of building energy-saving heat-insulating material | |
| CN103539398A (en) | Polystyrene foam aggregate concrete insulation building block | |
| CN107141014A (en) | A kind of exterior insulation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103613358A (en) | Magnesite plant straw ash heat-preserving product and realizing method | |
| CN103922690A (en) | Environment friendly foaming fireproof door panel and manufacturing method | |
| CN104230273B (en) | A kind of body of wall energy-conserving and environment-protective insulation material | |
| CN103408283B (en) | Light burning-avoiding heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102767263B (en) | Roof heat preservation plate and production method and application for roof heat preservation plate | |
| CN103755185B (en) | A kind of method of organic polymer particles modification | |
| CN107235671A (en) | A kind of fire preventing and heat insulating building material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104086108A (en) | Surface modification method and use of waste and old polyurethane foam material for thermal insulating mortar | |
| CN105967623A (en) | Gypsum-based foam material with thermal insulation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104072064A (en) | Method for preparing light cement/bamboo composite material by adopting papermaking white sludge |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |