CN103344491B - Method for simulating roadway rock burst based on coaction of static load and blast load - Google Patents
Method for simulating roadway rock burst based on coaction of static load and blast load Download PDFInfo
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- CN103344491B CN103344491B CN201310264978.4A CN201310264978A CN103344491B CN 103344491 B CN103344491 B CN 103344491B CN 201310264978 A CN201310264978 A CN 201310264978A CN 103344491 B CN103344491 B CN 103344491B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating roadway rock burst based on coaction of a static load and a blast load. The method comprises the following steps of: A, selecting cement mortar and ramming a model in a rock model testing machine, and embedding a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor and a strain gage in the model body; B, maintaining the model body within 28 days, applying initial crustal stress to the model body by utilizing the rock model testing machine, and testing force and deformation field distribution characteristics of the model body under the action of the static load; C, simulating actual cavern excavation characteristics, and measuring force and deformation field distribution characteristics in the model body after excavation each time; and D, drilling in the model body, mounting explosive cartridges and detonators in the drill bores, filling with loess, and detonating the explosive. By utilizing the method, the occurrence scale and time of deep roadway rock burst can be effectively predicted, damage of rock burst disasters on mine production settings can be reduced, the mine safety production risk is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency of the mine is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the fields such as deep resource exploitation, traffic and water conservancy building industry, is specifically related to a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction roadway bump.
Background technology
Along with the increasing of large-scale mine, water conservancy, traffic, the defence engineering medium and deep cavern excavation degree of depth, there is increasing rock burst problem.Rock burst causes increasing engineering accident, normally runs bring very large hidden danger to Mine Safety in Production and engineering.Although having opened up extensive research to pressing off with impacting in the world, pressing genesis mechanism understanding still not deep enough to impact at present, still having needed further research.Model test is the effective ways of simulation rock burst, but analyzes from on-the-spot rock burst he result of investigation, only utilizes static load or dynamic load mode can not the mechanism that occurs of comprehensive simulated rock burst.The mechanism that the technique study rock burst utilizing static load and explosive load to combine occurs, first ground stress characteristics before simulation roadway excavation, excavates cavern on this basis, utilizes explosive load to press genesis mechanism with simulating roadway bump afterwards.
The mechanism that the technique study rock burst utilizing static load and explosive load to combine occurs, the method main difficulty is: one is require in model test that static load is constant, how to reduce the interference of explosive load to action of static load power; Two is under static load and explosive load, and how model internal force, acceleration and distortion distribution characteristics test.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction, the method can fast and convenient simulation rock burst genesis mechanism roadway bump.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Based on an analogy method of pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction, comprise the steps: roadway bump
Steps A, preparation similar model material, and in rock earth model test machine building model; Pressure transducer, acceleration transducer and foil gauge is buried underground in model;
Step B, model maintenance, after 28 days, utilizes rock earth model test machine to apply initial field stress to it, and the power of test model body under action of static load and deformation field distribution characteristics; Reach after setting requires at model upper stress, embedding explosive, and test is in the power of explosive load and static load acting in conjunction drag body, acceleration and deformation field distribution characteristics;
Step C, simulates actual cavern excavation feature, step excavation cavern; And measure the distribution characteristics of power and deformation field in the rear model of each excavation;
Step D, in model internal drilling, and is arranged on explosive cartridge bag and detonator in boring, clogs with loess; Fired charge, observes the destructiveness in tunnel, measures the distribution characteristics of dynamic pressure, dynamic deformation and acceleration field, analyzes rock burst and produces the relation with explosive consumption, terrestrial stress.
As preferably, described tunnel shape is rectangle, arch, circle or the shape of a hoof.
As preferably, described cavern length and width is maximum can be 30cm.Tunnel shape can increase as required or reduce.Cavern excavation mode can disposable cavitation, also can excavate cavitation several times.
As preferably, described rock earth model test machine adopts YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems.
YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems mainly comprises loading frame, side crossbeam, many group hydraulic jack and control desk.Framework is mainly used in the control of model size, lifting jack is placed and load needs, and the major control of side crossbeam lateral deformation does not occur, and hydraulic jack is mainly to model loading, and control desk can the applying mode of control load.YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems is mainly used in the cavern studied under differently stress characteristics, different rock mass condition, hole group, side slope and excavation of foundation pit and anchoring effect, carries out scheme comparison, for engineering design, construction provide test basis.The scientific research of the departments such as water power, colliery, railway, highway, design effort can be widely used in.
As preferably, described pressure transducer is multiple, and according to linear array; One of them pressure transducer is located at inside, cavern, and one is located at Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity outer wall, and all the other pressure transducers are located at above cavern.
As preferably, described pressure variant pressure cell is two, and is all located at inside, cavern.
As preferably, variant pressure cells are pressed mutually vertically to arrange for described two.
As preferably, in described steps A, acceleration transducer is multiple, and according to linear array; One of them acceleration transducer is located at inside, cavern, and one is located at Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity outer wall, and all the other acceleration transducers are located at above cavern.
As preferably, described foil gauge is multiple, and is distributed on same cross section, and one of them foil gauge is located at bottom cavern, and all the other foil gauges are evenly distributed on cavern's outer wall.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention takes into full account the feature that in Deep Mine construction and operational process, rock burst produces, press genesis mechanism with utilizing shop experiment feasible simulation roadway bump, seek the relation that lower explosive, terrestrial stress and Mechanical property occur rock burst, in actual deep tunnel construction and operational process, the prediction of rock burst provides theoretical foundation.Utilize this invention effectively can predict the scale that deep tunnel rock burst occurs and time, reduce rock blast hazard to the destruction of mine production equipment, avoid rock burst to the injury of personnel in the pit, greatly reduce mine safety production risk, improve the production efficiency of mine effectively.According to rock burst genesis mechanism, for the tunnel that there is rock burst risk provides underpinning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention simulates cavern's schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is pressure transducer of the present invention and strain-type pressure cell distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is acceleration transducer distribution schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is foil gauge distribution schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the distribution schematic diagram of three acceleration transducers arranged after cavern excavation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the present invention's three explosive cartridge bag distribution schematic diagrams.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the invention will be further described:
Select low-grade cement mortar as simulation material, sand is medium sand, and cement mark is P.O.32.5.Material weight proportioning is: cement: sand: water=1:20:1.5.Its 28 days uniaxial compressive strengths are about 1.9MPa, and elastic modulus is 380MPa, and tensile strength is 0.27MPa.In embodiment, simulation block rock mass (in model, block size is about 2cm).During building model, around cavern in (wide 0.8m, high 0.7m) scope, carry out drawing block, block size is 2.0 × 2.0 × 4.0cm (long × wide × thick) left and right, and the direction of block and horizontal direction are miter angle, to simulate the block rock mass around cavern; Outside this scope, do not carry out drawing block process.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power's " YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems " selected by testing equipment, and it mainly comprises loading frame 101, side crossbeam 102, many group hydraulic jack 104 and control desk.Framework is mainly used in the control of model 103 size, hydraulic jack 104 is placed and loads needs, and side crossbeam 102 major control lateral deformation does not occur, and hydraulic jack 104 loads mainly to model 103, and control desk can the applying mode of control load.The inside dimension of this testing equipment is: wide × height × thick=1.6m × 1.6m × 0.4m.Cavern 201 is stalk dome-type deep-well tunnel, and span gets 34cm, and wall is high gets 9.1cm, sagitta 17cm, and arch arc radius is 17cm.
As shown in Figure 3, in model, determine the position of cavern, when building model, pre-buried pressure transducer, acceleration transducer, strain-type pressure cell and foil gauge.In the present embodiment, pressure transducer is piezoelectric type pressure sensor, and strain-type pressure cell is two, and range is the strain-type pressure cell 216 of 5MPa, and range is the strain-type pressure cell 218 of 2MPa.Pressure transducer 211-215 and 217 one-tenth linear array, wherein pressure transducer 217 is located at inside, cavern 201, and pressure transducer 215 is located at cavern 201 top exterior walls, and all the other pressure transducers 211-214 is located at above cavern 201.Strain-type pressure cell 216,218 homeotropic alignment is in cavern 201.
As shown in Figure 4, six three-dimensional acceleration transducer 221-226 are embedded in model, acceleration transducer 221-226 linear array; It is inner that one of them acceleration transducer 226 is located at cavern 201, and an acceleration transducer 225 is located at cavern 201 top exterior walls, and all the other acceleration transducers 221-224 is located at above cavern 201.In the present embodiment, pressure transducer 211-215 and 217 is located at apart from the side model of midsection, cavern about 1cm, acceleration transducer 221-226 is located in the opposite side model apart from midsection about 1cm, acceleration transducer and pressure transducer arranged in parallel.When building model is to acceleration transducer and pressure transducer point position place, the cast material of point position is drawn out, fixation of sensor, and form a little free face, then backfilling material.
The position distribution of acceleration transducer and pressure transducer is not limited to the position exemplified in embodiment, also other position in model can be distributed in, but in order to reduce interference, between acceleration transducer and pressure transducer, should gap be left, avoiding the interference caused bonded to each other.
As shown in Figure 5, arranged evenly on the outer wall of cavern 201 have 13 foil gauges, and 13 foil gauges are distributed on same cross section, and one of them foil gauge 243 is located at bottom cavern 201, and all the other foil gauges 231-242 is evenly distributed on the outer wall of cavern 201.In the present embodiment, 13 foil gauges are distributed on model midsection.The distribution of foil gauge also can select other arrangement mode.
As shown in Figure 6, cavern 201 arranges three acceleration transducer 251-253 at the inside surface on top, cavern 201 after excavating.One of them acceleration transducer 251 is arranged on the cross section, middle of cavern, and another two acceleration transducers 252,253 are distributed in midsection front and back position, as far as possible near midsection.The position of three acceleration transducers is also optional otherwise to be arranged.
As shown in Figure 7, explosive cartridge bag and detonator are embedded in the Exploding test point 202-204 place of model, Exploding test point 202-204 becomes linear array.According to the dose designed, according to: free field explosive test → excavation cavern → dose is constant, reduces successively to explode apart from vault distance.According to the hole wall acceleration recorded, strain and the quick-fried relation apart from hole wall scaled distance, draw to reinforce and reinforce the drag of cavern under rock burst effect with nothing.Carry out three big gun tests altogether, in the present embodiment, dose is 30g.
After model building completes, device is upright, after applying terrestrial stress load, carry out free field explosive test, then excavate cavern, press test while blast impulse can be carried out after completing.
Select TNT as Dynamite.Be parallel to axis horizontal construction medicine hole, cavern, the degree of depth is 20cm, after sending into explosive, with wet loess filling.After detonating, surge pressure is formed to country rock.
According to the displacement recorded and macroscopic failure effect, obtain the bearing capacity of deep-well tunnel under rock burst.Content of the test is in table 1.
The first step: static load free field test, the strain in measurement model body, pressure.
Strain transducer and pressure transducer are accessed test for static load system and return to zero, and apply model vertical boundary load to 1.8MPa, horizontal boundary load is to 0.6MPa.
Divide three steps on average to apply (vertical load often walks and applies 0.6MPa, and horizontal loading often walks and applies 0.2MPa), often walk voltage stabilizing 10 minutes, in this voltage stabling control, once, often step is total to image data 10 times to image data per minute.When three steps apply complete, when model centre pressure at right angle sensor 217 pressure does not reach 1.8MPa, continue to apply boundary load in proportion, until reach above-mentioned force value.Record strain value and force value simultaneously.
Second step: dynamic load free field test.Strain in measurement model body, pressure, acceleration.
Keep boundary load constant, strain transducer, pressure transducer, acceleration transducer are accessed mobile_loading test system and return to zero.Lay down a vertical beam on steel plate left outer facade, apart from the blast hole of farthest, cavern, place the 30g shape TNT(that falls apart Powdered, density 1.18g/cm
3left and right, the clean diameter of powder column is 22mm, and height is 4.5cm), be rolled into column, detonator is arranged on powder stick central authorities.Then model is erect, finally detonate.
3rd step: static load surrounding rock of chamber stress is tested.Measure the strain in the rear surrounding rock of chamber body of excavation.
Strain testing signal wire accessed static test system and returns to zero, keeping model boundary load constant, excavation cavern, excavates 10cm at every turn, is divided into 4 steps excavations complete.Often step excavation is complete, stablizes 10 minutes, and in this voltage stabling control, once, often step is total to image data 10 times to image data per minute.When cavern excavation is complete, voltage stabling control is determined according to strain stable situation.
4th step: dynamic load surrounding rock of chamber stress is tested.Strain under measurement blast moving load condition in surrounding rock of chamber body, acceleration, pressure.
Keep model boundary load constant, all the sensors to be connected in dynamic test system and to return to zero, outside the steel plate nearest apart from cavern in right facade big gun hole, placing 30g dose, carry out cavern's failure test.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, other amendments that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention or equivalently to replace, only otherwise depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1., based on an analogy method of pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: roadway bump
Steps A, preparation similar model material, and in rock earth model test machine building model; Pressure transducer, acceleration transducer and foil gauge is buried underground in model;
Step B, model maintenance, after 28 days, utilizes rock earth model test machine to apply initial field stress to it, and the power of test model body under action of static load and deformation field distribution characteristics; Reach after setting requires at model upper stress, embedding explosive, and test is in the power of explosive load and static load acting in conjunction drag body, acceleration and deformation field distribution characteristics;
Step C, simulates actual cavern excavation feature, step excavation cavern; And measure the distribution characteristics of power and deformation field in the rear model of each excavation;
Step D, in model internal drilling, and is arranged on explosive cartridge bag and detonator in boring, clogs with loess; Fired charge, observes the destructiveness in tunnel, measures the distribution characteristics of dynamic pressure, dynamic deformation and acceleration field, analyzes rock burst and produces the relation with explosive consumption, terrestrial stress.
2. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tunnel shape is rectangle, arch, circle or the shape of a hoof roadway bump.
3. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cavern length and width is maximum can be 30cm roadway bump.
4. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1, is characterized in that roadway bump: described rock earth model test machine adopts YDM-D type geotechnical engineering structure model assay systems.
5. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pressure transducer is multiple roadway bump, and according to linear array; One of them pressure transducer is located at inside, cavern, and one is located at Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity outer wall, and all the other pressure transducers are located at above cavern.
6. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described acceleration transducer is multiple roadway bump, and according to linear array; One of them acceleration transducer is located at inside, cavern, and one is located at Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity outer wall, and all the other acceleration transducers are located at above cavern.
7. a kind of analogy method based on pressing under static load and explosive load acting in conjunction according to claim 1 roadway bump, it is characterized in that: described foil gauge is multiple, and on same cross section, one of them foil gauge is located at bottom cavern, all the other foil gauges are evenly distributed on cavern's outer wall.
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