Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to for the problem that thickness is bigger and relatively costly, it is provided that one advantageously reduces electricity
Sub-product thickness and the optical filter box of production cost and use the touch display screen of this optical filter box.
A kind of optical filter box, including:
Substrate, including first surface and the second surface that is oppositely arranged with described first surface;
Filter layer, is arranged at described first surface, including light shielding part and multiple filter unit, described light shielding part
In lattice-shaped, including cross one another gridline, if the space split by described gridline forms dry lattice
Unit, each filter unit is contained in a grid cell of correspondence, and the plurality of filter unit is formed and filters
Portion;
First conductive layer, is located at the described filter layer side away from described first surface, sets including multiple intervals
The first conductive pattern put, described first conductive pattern includes conductive grid, and described conductive grid is by conductive filament
Line intersects to form;
Second conductive layer, is located at the side of described second surface, including multiple spaced second conductive patterns
Case, described second conductive pattern includes that conductive grid, described conductive grid are intersected to form by conductive thread;
Wherein, the conductive thread of described first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is the most complete in the projection of described filter layer
Clan is on described gridline.
Wherein in an embodiment, the live width of the conductive thread of described first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is not
Live width more than described gridline.
Wherein in an embodiment, farther including the first impressing glue-line, described first impressing glue-line is arranged
The first groove is offered away from the side of described first surface, described first impressing glue-line in described filter layer,
The conductive thread of described first conductive pattern is contained in described first groove.
Wherein in an embodiment, farther including the second impressing glue-line, described second impressing glue-line is arranged
In the second surface of described substrate, described second impressing glue-line offers the second groove, described second conductive pattern
The conductive thread of case is contained in described second groove.
Wherein in an embodiment, the thickness of described first conductive layer is not more than the degree of depth of described first groove,
The thickness of described second conductive layer is not more than the degree of depth of described second groove.
Wherein in an embodiment, the thickness in described optical filtering portion is not less than the thickness of described light shielding part.
Wherein in an embodiment, the interval width of adjacent two first conductive patterns of described first conductive layer
Degree is 0.5 μm~50 μm, and the interval width of adjacent two second conductive patterns of described second conductive layer is
0.5 μm~50 μm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described first conductive layer and each described conduction of described second conductive layer
Grid projection on described filter layer is surrounded at least one filter unit.
Wherein in an embodiment, each described conductive grid of described first conductive layer is at described filter layer
On each described conductive grid of filter unit number and described second conductive layer that surrounds of projection in described optical filtering
The filter unit number that projection on layer is surrounded differs.
Wherein in an embodiment, described first conductive layer and the conductive thread of the second conductive layer one of which
Width more than the width of conductive thread of another one, there is the conductive mesh of the one of bigger conductive thread width
Lattice are not less than the one with less conductive thread width at the filter unit number that the projection stated on filter layer is surrounded
Conductive grid state on filter layer projection surround filter unit number.
A kind of touch display screen, including the TFT electrode stacked gradually, Liquid Crystal Module, optical filter box and partially
Mating plate, described optical filter box is above-described optical filter box.
Above-mentioned optical filter box and use the touch display screen of this optical filter box, optical filter box can be the most real
Existing touch control operation and filtering functions, as the combination of two assemblies indispensable in display screen, be used for showing
Time in screen, display screen can be directly made to have touch controllable function, it is not necessary to assemble a touch screen the most on a display screen, no
Only advantageously reduce the thickness of electronic product, be the most also greatly saved material and assembly cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Understandable for enabling the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage to become apparent from, the most right
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.Elaborate in the following description a lot of detail with
It is easy to fully understand the present invention.But the present invention can come real to be a lot different from alternate manner described here
Executing, those skilled in the art can do similar improvement in the case of intension of the present invention, therefore this
Bright do not limited by following public being embodied as.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, and it can be directly at another
On individual element or element placed in the middle can also be there is.When an element is considered as " connection " another yuan
Part, it can be directly to another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technology used herein and scientific terminology and the technology belonging to the present invention
The implication that the technical staff in field is generally understood that is identical.The art used the most in the description of the invention
Language is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, it is not intended that in limiting the present invention.Used herein
Term " and/or " include the arbitrary and all of combination of one or more relevant Listed Items.
The present invention proposes advantageously reduce the optical filter box of electronic product thickness and production cost and use this filter
The touch display screen of light chip module.This optical filter box can realize touch operation and filtering functions, so that touching
Touch display screen and there is touch display function.
Refer to Fig. 1, be the touch display screen 100 of an embodiment, including the lower polaroid 10 stacked gradually,
TFT electrode 20, Liquid Crystal Module 30, public electrode 40, protecting film 50, optical filter box 200 and upper partially
Mating plate 60.In other examples, it is not necessary to protecting film 50 is set and public electrode 40 also may be used.
TFT electrode 20 includes glass-base 24 and the show electrode 22 being arranged on glass-base 24.Liquid crystal
Module includes liquid crystal 32 and is held on the alignment film 34 of liquid crystal 32 both sides.
It is appreciated that when use backlight is as polarized light source, such as OLED polarized light source, it is not necessary to lower inclined
Mating plate 10, it is only necessary to upper polaroid 60.The lower polaroid 10 of the present embodiment, TFT electrode 20, liquid
Crystal module 30, public electrode 40, protecting film 50, the structure of upper polaroid 60 and function can be with existing products
Condition is same, does not repeats them here.
Optical filter box 200 have simultaneously can touch control operation and can filtering functions, make touch display screen 100 have
There is touch display function.Touching display screen can be straight-down negative or the LCDs of side entering type light source.
Referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, expression is 200 4 different embodiments of optical filter box.Aforementioned four
Optical filter box 200 in embodiment all include substrate 210, filter layer 220, first imprint glue-line 230,
First conductive layer 240, second imprints glue-line 250 and the second conductive layer 260.Wherein substrate 210 includes first
Surface 212 and second surface 214, first surface 212 and second surface 214 are oppositely arranged.Substrate 210 is
Transparent insulation material, such as glass, is specifically as follows sillico aluminate glass and calcium soda-lime glass, at plasma
Reason rear surface has good cohesive force.General, the thickness range of substrate 210 can be
0.1mm~0.5mm.
Filter layer is arranged at first surface 212, including light shielding part 222 and multiple filter unit.Light shielding part 222
In lattice-shaped, including some cross one another gridlines.If the space split by gridline forms dry lattice
Unit, each filter unit is contained in a grid cell of correspondence, and multiple filter units form optical filtering portion 224.
General, the thickness range in light shielding part 222 and optical filtering portion 224 is 0.5 μm~2 μm.
First impressing glue-line 230 is arranged at the filter layer 220 side away from first surface 212, and the first pressure
Print glue-line 230 offers the first groove 232 away from the side of first surface 212.First groove 232 is grid
The groove of shape, mesh shape can be preset to required figure as required.First conductive layer 240 is embedded at
First impressing glue-line 230, including multiple first conductive patterns 242, is provided with between multiple first conductive patterns 242
Interval, so that multiple first conductive pattern 242 insulate.First conductive pattern 242 includes conductive grid, leads
Power grid is intersected to form by conductive thread 270, and conductive thread 270 intersects to form grid node, described conduction
Silk thread 270 is contained in described first groove 232.In other examples, it is also possible to the first impressing glue-line
230 offer the first groove 232 near the side of first surface 212.In other embodiments, it is also possible to
Be not provided with the first impressing glue-line 230, by directly at described filter layer 220 away from the side of first surface 212
Applying conductive material, as silver ink or plated film form the first conductive layer 240 by etching again, so the
One impressing glue-line it is not necessary to.
Second impressing glue-line 250 is arranged at the second surface 214 of substrate 210, the second impressing glue-line 250 away from
The side of second surface 214 offers the second groove 252.Second groove 252 is the groove of mesh shape, net
Trellis shape can be preset to required figure as required.Second conductive layer 260 is embedded at the second impressing glue-line 250,
Including multiple second conductive patterns 262.It is provided with interval between multiple second conductive patterns 262, so that multiple second
Conductive pattern 262 mutually insulated.Second conductive pattern 262 includes some conductive grids, and conductive grid is by leading
Electrical filament line 270 intersects to form, the conductive thread 270 of the second conductive pattern 262 and the first conductive pattern 242
The material of conductive thread 270 identical.Conductive thread 270 intersects to form grid node, conductive thread 270
It is contained in the second groove 252.In other examples, the material of the conductive thread of the first conductive layer 240 is also
Can be different from the material of the conductive thread of the second conductive layer 260.In other examples, it is also possible to
Second impressing glue-line 250 offers the second groove 252 near the side of second surface 214.Enforcement at other
In example, it is also possible to by plating or applying conductive material, the mode etched again such as silver ink, at base
The second surface 214 of sheet 210 forms the second conductive layer 260, so second impressing glue-line 250 it is not necessary to
's.
Wherein the conductive thread 270 of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 is in the throwing of filter layer 220
Shadow all fully falls on gridline.The live width of conductive thread 270 is not more than the width of gridline, i.e. conductive filament
The live width of line 270 is less than or equal to the width of gridline.As in figure 2 it is shown, the first conductive layer 240 and
The live width of the conductive thread 270 of two conductive layers 260 is equal to the width of gridline, to reduce conductive thread 270
Manufacture difficulty.As it is shown on figure 3, either conductive layer in the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260
The live width of conductive thread 270 is less than the width of gridline, the live width etc. of the conductive thread 270 of another conductive layer
Optimization in the width of gridline, beneficially cost of manufacture.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the first conductive layer 240
With the width that the live width of the conductive thread 270 of the second conductive layer 260 is both less than gridline, to reduce conductive filament
Line 270 is exposed to the risk that gridline is lateral.
Above-mentioned optical filter box 200, the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 constitute capacitive sensing structure,
Make optical filter box 200 can realize touch control operation and filtering functions simultaneously, and without carrying out design of putting up a bridge, fall
Low task difficulty.When above-mentioned optical filter box 200 is applied to display screen, display screen can be directly made to have
Touch controllable function, it is not necessary to assemble a touch screen the most on a display screen, not only contributes to reduce the thickness of electronic product,
Also it is greatly saved material and assembly cost.First conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262 simultaneously
In substrate 210 and the outside of filter layer 220, make the first conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262 equal
Expose, it is simple to the making of subsequent electrode lead-in wire and flexible PCB and the binding (bonding) of contact conductor.When
The conductive thread 270 of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 each falls within the projection of filter layer 220
During gridline, because light shielding part 222 has opaqueness, as long as ensureing that the live width of conductive thread 270 is little
Width in gridline, so that it may so that conductive thread 270 is without departing from gridline, from without blocking filter layer
220, the light transmittance of filter layer 220 will not be reduced.
Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, specific in the present embodiment, optical filtering portion 224 includes chromatic photoresist, each grid
Being formed with a chromatic photoresist in lattice unit, chromatic photoresist forms filter unit.Chromatic photoresist is band chromatic colour dye
The photoresist of material is formed, and can use exposure-development processing procedure.Chromatic photoresist the reddest (red, R) photoresistance,
Green (green, G) photoresistance or indigo plant (blue, B) photoresistance, be used for making incident illumination be transformed into monochromatic light, it is achieved
Filtering functions.Light shielding part is that the photoresist with black dyes is formed at the first impressing glue-line 230, and light shielding part
222 in lattice-shaped, has opaqueness, can use exposure-development processing procedure.In lattice-shaped, grid cell is
Square so that the photoresistance arrangement in optical filtering portion 224 is more compact and uniform.Light shielding part 222 can be prevented effectively from colour
Photoresistance colour contamination each other, and the contrast of R, G, B light can be increased.
Specific in the present embodiment, the material of the first impressing glue-line 230 and the second impressing glue-line 250 is without molten
Agent ultra-violet curing acryl resin, thickness is 2 μm~10 μm.First impressing glue-line 230 and the second impressing glue
Layer 250 is transparence, does not affect the transmitance of entirety.In other embodiments, the first impressing glue-line 230
Can also be On Visible Light Cured Resin or heat reactive resin with the material of the second impressing glue-line 250.
The above-mentioned optical filter box with touch controllable function, the first conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262
Being impressing mode to be formed, specifically can be made by following two mode, method one is:
(1) first first surface 212 and second surface 214 at substrate 210 carry out plasma (Plasma)
Process.To remove the first surface 212 of substrate 210 and the dirty of second surface 214, and make first surface
212 and second surface 214 ionizing, increase follow-up with filter layer 220 and the bonding of the second impressing glue-line 250
Power.
(2) whole of the first surface 212 at substrate 210 arranges one layer of photoresist with black dyes.
(3) use exposure-development technology, the photoresist in filter unit region is removed, form the screening of lattice-shaped
Light portion 222.The space split by gridline forms some grid cells.
(4) R/G/B chromatic photoresist is set by several times at grid cell, forms optical filtering portion 224.
(5) it is coated with impressing at filter layer 220 away from side and the second surface 214 of first surface 212 simultaneously
Glue, forms the first impressing glue-line 230 and the second impressing glue-line 250 respectively.The present embodiment uses solvent-free ultraviolet
Solidification acryl resin.And by pressure nested with the first conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262 respectively
Die plate imprints at the first impressing glue-line 230 and the second impressing glue-line 250 surface and solidifies respectively,
To required the first groove 232 and second mated with the first conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262
Groove 252.Wherein, impression block is transparent material, can avoid the mutual shading in two sides, it is impossible to ultraviolet (UV)
Solidification.
(6) to the first groove 232 mated respectively with the first conductive pattern 242 and the second conductive pattern 262
With fill conductive material in the second groove 252 simultaneously and solidify, obtain the first conductive layer 240 and the second conduction
Layer 260.The conductive thread 270 of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 is in the projection of filter layer 220
Each fall within gridline, and the live width of conductive thread 270 is not more than the live width of gridline.Conductive material includes
At least one in metal, CNT, Graphene, organic conductive macromolecule and ITO, is formed by leading
The conductive grid that electrical filament line 270 intersection is constituted.It is preferably metal, such as nanometer silver paste.When selecting metal,
Resistance can be reduced and reduce the energy consumption touching display screen.
In said method, the first impressing glue-line 230 and the second impressing glue-line 250 are coated with simultaneously, are conducive to letter
Change flow process, improve efficiency.
Method two is:
(1) first first surface 212 and second surface 214 at substrate 210 carry out plasma (Plasma)
Process.To remove the first surface 212 of substrate 210 and the dirty of second surface 214, and make first surface
212 and second surface 214 ionizing, increase follow-up with filter layer 220 and the bonding of the second impressing glue-line 250
Power.
(2) whole of the first surface 212 at substrate 210 arranges one layer of photoresist with black dyes.
(3) use exposure-development technology, the photoresist in filter unit region is removed, form the screening of lattice-shaped
Light portion 222.The space split by gridline forms some grid cells.
(4) R/G/B chromatic photoresist is set by several times at grid cell, forms optical filtering portion 224.
(5) imprint glue at filter layer 220 surface whole topcoating cloth, form the first impressing glue-line 230.This enforcement
Example uses solvent-free ultra-violet curing acryl resin.And use the impressing being nested with the first conductive pattern 242
Masterplate imprints on the first impressing glue-line 230 surface and solidifies, and obtains mating with the first conductive pattern 242
The first groove 232.
(6) in the first groove 232, fill conductive material and solidify, obtaining the first conductive layer 240.First
The conductive thread 270 of conductive layer 240 each falls within gridline in the projection of filter layer 220, and conductive thread
The live width of 270 is not more than the live width of gridline.Conductive material can be metal, CNT, Graphene, have
At least one in machine conducting polymer or ITO, forms the conductive grid being made up of conductive thread 270.
It is preferably metal, such as nanometer silver paste.When selecting metal, it is possible to decrease resistance and reduction touch display screen
Energy consumption.
(7) layer protecting film 50 is set in the first whole of conductive layer 240 side, to avoid leading in making second
The effect of filter layer 220 is affected during electrical pattern 262.Can be the transparent protective film 50 being coated with/plating, finally produce
Product retain;Can also be one layer of intermediate process protecting film 50, finally remove.
(8) second surface 214 at substrate 210 is coated with the second impressing glue-line 250.The present embodiment uses nothing
Solvent ultra-violet curing acryl resin.And use the impression block that is nested with the second conductive pattern 262 the
Two impressing glue-line 250 surfaces imprint and solidify, and obtain mating with the second conductive pattern 262 second is recessed
Groove 252.
(9) in the second groove 252, fill conductive material and solidify, obtaining the second conductive layer 260, and protect
The conductive thread 270 demonstrate,proving the second conductive layer 260 falls into gridline, and conductive filament in the projection of filter layer 220
The live width of line 270 is not more than the live width of gridline.Conductive material can be metal, CNT, Graphene,
Organic conductive macromolecule or ITO, form the conductive grid being made up of conductive thread 270.It is preferably metal,
Such as nanometer silver paste.When selecting metal, it is possible to decrease resistance and reduction touch the energy consumption of display screen.On if
State in the 7th step for intermediate process protecting film 50, also need to be removed after the 9th step.
In described first conductive layer 240 and described second conductive layer 260 conductive grid of at least one conductive layer with
Described filter unit similar fitgures each other, in described first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 at least one
The centrage of the conductive thread 270 of conductive layer projecting and the center of described gridline at described filter layer 220
Line overlaps.I.e. conductive thread 270 positive alignment gridline.Conductive grid is that conductive thread 270 intersects to form,
Grid cell is formed by gridline segmentation, and filter unit is formed at grid cell.So at the present embodiment
In, the shape that can make conductive grid is identical with the shape of filter unit but varies in size, i.e. conductive grid with
Filter unit similar fitgures each other, ensure that the conductive grid projection at filter layer 220 is without departing from gridline simultaneously.
Refer to Fig. 5, specific in the present embodiment, the first conductive layer 240 and conduction of the second conductive layer 260
The centrage of silk thread 270 all overlaps with the centrage of gridline in the projection of filter layer 220.Reduce further
Conductive thread 270 exposes the probability of gridline region.Certainly, in other embodiments, it is also possible to the
In one conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260, the conductive thread 270 of either conductive layer is just to gridline, separately
The conductive thread 270 of an outer conductive layer meets the projection at filter layer 220 without departing from the scope of gridline,
Due to the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 in the backlight exit direction of display screen by gridline
Block, do not have the conductive grid on the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 and louver (-vre)
The superposition of grid cycle, therefore, effectively prevent Moire fringe phenomenon.
The thickness of described first conductive layer 240 is not more than the degree of depth of described first groove 232, and described second leads
The thickness of electric layer 260 is not more than the degree of depth of described second groove 252.Specific in the present embodiment, first leads
The thickness of electric layer 240 is less than the thickness of the first groove 232, and the degree of depth of the first groove 232 is less than the first impressing
The thickness of glue-line 230.Second conductive layer 260 is less than the degree of depth of the second groove 252, the second groove 252
The degree of depth, less than the thickness of the second impressing glue-line 250, is possible to prevent the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260
It is scraped off in subsequent technique after formation.
Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, specific in the present embodiment, the thickness in optical filtering portion 224 is not less than light shielding part
The thickness of 222.In other words the thickness of filter unit is more than or equal to the thickness of gridline.When optical filtering portion
When the thickness of 224 is more than the thickness of light shielding part 222, the light appeared from optical filtering portion 224, not only permissible from front
See, from side it can be seen that, such that it is able to increase optical filtering portion 224 light emission rate.
Specific in the present embodiment, adjacent conductive patterns arranges interval, with mutually insulated.Such as Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
Shown in, it is in the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 between multiple conductive patterns of either conductive layer
Every the schematic diagram of different modes.Specific in the present embodiment, in the first conductive layer 240 adjacent two first
The interval width of conductive pattern is 0.5 μm~50 μm, adjacent two the second conductive patterns in the second conductive layer 260
Interval width scope be 0.5 μm~50 μm.As it is shown in fig. 7, represent is adjacent in the first conductive layer 240
The interval width of two the first conductive patterns is the width of a filter unit, or phase in the second conductive layer 260
The width that interval width is a filter unit of adjacent two the second conductive patterns, now can pass through full line or permutation
Conductive thread 270 lacks, and cuts off.The width range of one filter unit is between 0.5 μm~50 μm.
As shown in Figure 8, in other embodiments, it is also possible to can be by conductive thread 270 marginal portion is lacked
Cut off.In other embodiments, it is also possible in one layer of conductive layer, adjacent two conductive patterns are by whole
Row or permutation conductive thread 270 disappearance obtain, and in another layer of conductive layer, adjacent two conductive patterns will be by leading
Electrical filament line 270 marginal portion carries out disappearance and obtains.
Referring to Fig. 6, specific in the present embodiment, conductive thread 270 is straight line, curve or broken line.Conduction
When silk thread 270 can be difformity, reduce production requirement.
As it is shown in figure 9, each conductive grid of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 is at filter layer
Projection on 220 is surrounded a filter unit.Because leading of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260
Electrical filament line 270 is all directed at gridline, so the filter unit surrounded is integer, quantity is one.Cause
For each grid cell to there being a conductive grid, so the density of conductive grid is relatively big, electric conductivity
Preferably.
As shown in Figure 10 to Figure 12, the first conductive layer 240 and each conductive grid of the second conductive layer 260
Projection on filter layer 220 is surrounded at least two filter unit.Because the first conductive layer 240 and second
The conductive thread 270 of conductive layer 260 is all directed at gridline, so the filter unit surrounded is integer,
Quantity is at least two, can come according to the requirement of the coating weight to the resistance requirement of conductive layer and conductive material
Determine the filter unit quantity accommodated.
Now can be divided into three kinds of situations, with laterally as X-axis, the direction of vertical transverse is Y-axis.Such as Figure 10
Shown in, the most in the X-axis direction, each conductive grid of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 exists
At least two filter unit is surrounded in projection on filter layer 220.As shown in figure 11, the most in the Y-axis direction,
The projection on filter layer 220 of each conductive grid of the first conductive layer 240 and the second conductive layer 260 is surrounded
At least two filter unit.As shown in figure 12, simultaneously in X-axis and Y direction, the first conductive layer 240
Surround at least two with the projection on filter layer 220 of each conductive grid of the second conductive layer 260 and filter single
Unit.
Specific in the present embodiment, the throwing on filter layer 220 of each conductive grid of the first conductive layer 240
Filter unit number and the projection on filter layer of each conductive grid of the second conductive layer 260 that shadow surrounds are surrounded
Filter unit number can differ.Can effectively reduce manufacture difficulty.Certainly, in other examples,
The filter unit number and that the projection on filter layer 220 of each conductive grid of the first conductive layer 240 is surrounded
The filter unit number that the projection on filter layer of each conductive grid of two conductive layers 260 is surrounded can also be identical.
Specific in the present embodiment, the first conductive layer 240 and conductive filament of the second conductive layer 260 one of which
The width of line, more than the width of the conductive thread of another one, has the conduction of the one of bigger conductive thread width
The filter unit number that grid surrounds in the projection stated on filter layer 220 is not less than having less conductive thread width
One conductive grid state on filter layer projection surround filter unit number.To ensure the first conductive layer
240 and second conductive layer 260 resistance difference be unlikely to the biggest.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes more concrete and detailed,
But therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for this area
Those of ordinary skill for, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some deformation and
Improving, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be with appended
Claim is as the criterion.