CN103336007B - 一种可视化检测汗液中氯离子含量的便携式纸芯片 - Google Patents
一种可视化检测汗液中氯离子含量的便携式纸芯片 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可视化检测汗液中氯离子含量的便携式纸芯片,其具有根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸以及在该纸下表面设置的阴离子交换纸的双层结构;以及使用该纸芯片可视化检测汗液中氯离子含量的方法,及用于生理情况监控和诊断囊性纤维化疾病的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于纸的原位、可视化检测汗液中氯离子的小型设备,以及其用于生理情况监控和初步筛查囊性纤维化(一种遗传性疾病)的用途。
背景技术
可视化、便携式的体液检测设备是个人化医疗未来发展的重要方向之一。便携式的设备可以允许在家庭和公共场所进行临床检测,而可视化的检测结果可以快速反映体液中的生理和病理信息,极大地提高医疗诊断的效率。汗液是一种主要的体液形式,包括金属盐、糖、有机酸等多种化合物。它主要的特点是1)直接排出体外,不是侵入式的收集方式,具有非常低的感染风险;2)运动、热源和化合物都可以刺激汗液的排出,获取方便;3)其化学成分与特定的生理、病理情况具有相关性。如身体在脱水的情况下,汗液中氯离子的浓度就会显著提高。通过监控汗液中的氯离子浓度就可以获知身体的脱水情况,从而促进有效补水,防止脱水导致的慢性和急性疾病。另外,患有囊性纤维化(CysticFibrosis)病人的一种跨膜转运蛋白会产生突变,无法从汗液中回收氯离子,因此也会造成汗液中氯离子浓度的提高。通过检测汗液中的氯离子浓度已经成为诊断囊性纤维化的主要手段和金标准。
尽管检测汗液中的氯离子具有重要的临床意义和实用价值,但是相关检测技术和设备的发展却十分不足,尤其是缺乏便携式、可原位检测的能力。汗液中氯离子的传统检测方法的流程是1)用毛果芸香碱电离子导入皮下刺激汗液流出;2)使用称重干燥纱布收集流出汗液;3)称重吸收汗液后纱布的重量,计算流出汗液的体积;4)再用原子发光光度计检测纱布的洗脱液中离子浓度。除了纱布,还可以使用如C.Palacios,K等人在Sweatminerallossfromwholebody,patchandarmbaginwhiteandblackgirls.NutritionResearch23,401(Mar,2003)中描述的储液袋和棉布贴来收集汗液。
目前最常用的商品化仪器是由美国Wescor公司研发的MacroductSystem(WescorInc.,http://www.wescor.com/biomedical/cysticfibrosis/macroduct.html和M.R.Ely等人,EvaluationoftheMegaductsweatcollectorformineralanalysis.PhysiologicalMeasurement33,385(Mar,2012))。该系统也获得了美国囊性纤维化协会的认可,可以用于囊性纤维化疾病的诊断。但是这些方法最大的问题在于汗液收集与汗液检测步骤相对独立,因此收集和检测之间仍然存在汗液转移步骤,不仅不能得到原位实时的检测结果,还容易产生误差。M.Constantinescu,B.C.Hilman,Thesweattestforquantitationofelectrolytes-Achallengeinprecision.LaboratoryMedicine27,472(Jul,1996)的研究报道称,滤纸和棉布上收集的汗液每分钟会因为蒸发损失2%的体积。此外,MacroductSystem系统结构复杂,检测流程繁琐,价格也较昂贵,限制了其进一步的应用。
除了以上收集和检测独立进行的技术,汗液中氯离子的原位检测方法也有报道。一些早期的研究利用铬酸银与氯离子生成氯化银沉淀的反应来检测汗液中的氯离子(参见,J.B.J.S.S.J.KnightsEm,SImplifiedscreeningtestforcysticfibrosisofthepancreas.JAMA:TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation169,1279(1959);H.Shwachman,N.Gahm,StudiesinCysticFibrosisofthePancreas.N.Engl.J.Med.255,999(1956);L.Gluck,APATCHTESTFORCHLORIDEINSWEATASASIMPLESCREENINGMETHODFORDETECTINGCYSTICFIBROSISOFTHEPANCREAS:PreliminaryReport.Pediatrics23,731(April1,1959,1959))。虽然这种检测可以通过把出汗的手掌放在琼脂糖凝胶和滤纸上进行,操作简便,结果直观,但是铬酸银具有一定的毒性和致癌性。美国囊性纤维化协会已经明确禁止在皮肤上使用基于氯化银沉淀的检测反应(参见,V.A.LeGrys,J.R.Yankaskas,L.M.Quittell,B.C.Marshall,P.J.McGayzel,Diagnosticsweattesting:Thecysticfibrosisfoundationguidelines.JournalofPediatrics151,85(Jul,2007))。最近,有研究组发展出可佩戴的装置来检测汗液中氯离子(参见,B.Schazmann等人,Awearableelectrochemicalsensorforthereal-timemeasurementofsweatsodiumconcentration.AnalyticalMethods2,342(Apr,2010))。该装置主要由电子万用表和氯离子选择性电极组成,不仅采样量较大(即需要大量的汗液),使应用对象和场合都受到限制,而且,其体积和重量都严重影响了便携式的效果。
公开于该发明背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种便携式纸芯片,其特征在于,其具有根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸以及在该纸下表面设置的阴离子交换纸。
进一步地,根据本发明的便携式纸芯片,其进一步具有设置于所述根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸上表面的粘性贴纸以及在该粘性贴纸的下表面设置的表征进液体积的纸,所述表征进液体积的纸具有进液端。
根据本发明的便携式纸芯片,其进一步具有在所述便携式纸芯片的下表面设置的基底,所述基底与所述粘性贴纸将所述阴离子交换纸、所述根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸、表征进液体积的纸的位置固定在其中间,并且在所述基底上对应于阴离子交换纸和表征进液体积的纸的进液端的位置具有孔。
根据本发明便携式纸芯片,优选地,所述根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸是pH试纸或浸润pH响应荧光染料的纸,所述基底是不透水材料,优选为不透水胶带。
根据本发明的便携式纸芯片,优选地,所述阴离子交换纸是修饰有阴离子交换基团的纸,阴离子交换基团优选为二乙氨基乙基或季铵基。
根据本发明的便携式纸芯片,优选地,所述表征进液体积的纸带有荧光或颜色标记和指示刻度。
根据本发明的便携式纸芯片,优选地,所述粘性贴纸是透明的,半透明的或者具有可视窗口的。
另一方面,本发明提供了根据本发明的便携式纸芯片在检测汗液中氯离子含量的用途。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种原位、快速检测汗液中氯离子含量的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将根据本发明的便携式纸芯片覆盖于皮肤表面,通过阴离子交换纸吸取汗液;
通过根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸的颜色或荧光变化,根据预先绘制的标准曲线,确定汗液中氯离子含量。
在一方面,本发明提供了一种原位、快速检测汗液中氯离子含量的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将根据本发明的便携式纸芯片覆盖于皮肤表面,通过阴离子交换纸和表征进液体积的纸的进液端吸取汗液;
通过表征进液体积的纸确定吸取汗液的体积,当吸取汗液的体积达到确定的数值时,取下便携式纸芯片;
通过根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸的颜色变化,根据预先绘制的标准曲线,确定汗液中氯离子含量。
根据本发明的方法,优选地,吸取汗液的体积优选为0.1至10微升,更优选为2微升。
通过纳入本文的附图以及随后与附图一起用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体实施方式,本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将变得清楚或更为具体地得以阐明。
本发明的有益效果主要有以下几点:
纸芯片能够集成汗液收集和检测等功能,免除了汗液的转移步骤,简化操作步骤,提高检测的准确性;
纸芯片可以对汗液中的氯离子进行原位、实时和可视化检测,方便对生理情况的监测;
纸芯片主要由纸组成,具有极高的便携型和低廉的成本,非常适用于大规模筛查和日常使用;
纸芯片使用生物安全性的粘性贴纸,可以在皮肤上使用。
附图说明
以下,结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案,应当了解,以下技术方案仅用于说明本发明,并不能限制本发明的范围,本领域技术人员可在不偏离本发明主旨的基础上,对其进行任何变型。其中:
图1为本发明所述用于原位检测氯离子的便携式纸芯片的分解示意图;其中1为不透材料,2为阴离子交换纸,3为根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸,4为表征进液体积的纸,5为带有粘性的纸,6为空孔,7为刻度,10为表征进液体积的纸的进液端;
图2为本发明的用于原位检测氯离子含量的便携式纸芯片的横截面示意图;其中,1为不透水材料,2为阴离子交换纸,3为根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸,4为表征进液体积的纸,5为带有粘性的纸,6为空孔,7为刻度;
图3为检测氯离子的机理示意图,其中2为阴离子交换纸,3为根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸,8为汗液,9为健康人或囊性纤维化病人的皮肤;11箭头表示液体流动的方向;
图4为不同氯离子浓度对应的颜色变化,5个圆孔对应5个检测区域,下方的数字是氯离子的浓度,颜色通道是CMYK色彩空间中的Cyan;
图5为0到100mmol氯离子检测的标准曲线,以及对健康人(三角)和囊性纤维化病人(菱形)的检测结果。
应当了解,所附附图并非按比例地显示了本发明的基本原理的图示性的各种特征的略微简化的画法。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和外形将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图形中,贯穿附图的多幅图形,附图标记引用本发明的同样的或等同的部分。
以下具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明,并没有将本发明限于该具体实施方式的意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及通过阴离子交换纸和根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸组装制作成的可视化氯离子检测纸芯片装置。在本发明中,纸优选为由三维纤维素纤维构成的层状结构薄膜,具有亲水性。其中阴离子交换纸是修饰阴离子交换基团(如二乙氨基乙基和季铵基)的纸,能够吸附液体中的阴离子,并交换出氢氧根离子。其中根据pH产生颜色变化的纸是pH试纸(如广泛pH试纸和精密pH试纸),其能够通过颜色变化反映出pH的变化。根据pH产生荧光变化的纸是由修饰有pH敏感的量子点和荧光染料的纸代替。优选地,本发明的纸芯片装置进一步地具有表征进液体积的纸,其具有刻度和荧光素或其染料的颜色标记,用该纸的进液端吸液体时,标记会指示液体前端的刻度,从而指示纸吸收液体的体积。更优选地,本发明的纸芯片装置具有透明且具有粘性的贴纸,如3Mtegaderm。
利用微流控纸芯片技术将这些功能型纸进行剪裁、立体组装和集成,以构建完整的微流控纸芯片,实现可视化检测氯离子的功能。皮肤上的汗液首先经过阴离子交换纸,其中的阴离子被交换成氢氧根离子。汗液的体积由可以指示进液体积的纸来估算。需要说明的是,汗液中的阴离子主要氯离子,其含量一般比第二位的硫酸根阴离子高数千倍。阴离子被交换成氢氧根后,汗液的pH值会相应增加,其改变幅度与置换出的氢氧根有关系。经过阴离子交换纸,汗液会与pH试纸接触,pH试纸上的颜色变化可以指示pH值的变化。类似的,pH响应的荧光材料也可以用来指示pH值的变化。颜色或荧光变化由CCD或智能手机采集,经过图像处理,分离出RGB色彩空间中的Red通道或者CMYK色彩空间中的Cyan通道。采用单通道颜色的灰度指示出汗液中的氯离子浓度。
实施例1:
第一步:按照设计尺寸制作相应的纸结构,见图1;6为圆孔,其直径为1-3mm;2为阴离子交换纸,WhatmanDE81或PallMustang,其直径比6略大,2-4mm,3为pH试纸或修饰有pH敏感量子点(荧光染料)的纸,其的直径比2略大,3-5mm;4的圆形端直径比6略大,为2-4mm,4的长度为2cm;1的长为3-5cm,宽为1-3cm;7由喷墨打印机制作;5为3MTegaderm粘性纸,其尺寸比1略大,长为4-6cm,宽为2-4cm;
第二步:将1-5按照设计组装起来,得到纸芯片。5具有粘性,通过与1的紧密结合,固定其他部件的位置;组装后纸芯片的横截面见图2;
第三步:配制氯化钠的梯度浓度溶液,10mM-80mM;
第四步:将1微升的氯化钠溶液滴加在1中的6上,让液体流入2、3;氯离子交换成氢氧根离子,使液体的pH值上升,改变pH试纸的颜色,见图3;
第五步:采用CCD或智能手机捕捉pH试纸的颜色变化,见图4;拍摄背景一般为纯蓝色,拍摄灯光均匀分布;
第六步:用软件(如NIHImageJ或AdobePhotoshop)分离出单通道的颜色信息,如RGB中的R通道和CMYK中的C通道,与氯离子浓度进行关联;建立氯离子浓度的标准曲线。
实施例2:
第一步:按照设计尺寸制作相应的纸结构,见图1;按照设计尺寸制作相应的纸结构,将相应的纸结构进行组装;6的直径为1-3mm,2的直径比6略大,2-4mm,3的直径比2略大,3-5mm;4的圆形端直径比6略大,为2-4mm,4的长度为2cm;1的长为3-5cm,宽为1-3cm;5比1略大,长为4-6cm,宽为2-4cm;
第二步:将1-5按照设计组装起来,得到纸芯片。5具有粘性,通过与1的紧密结合,固定其他部件的位置;组装后纸芯片的横截面见图2;
第三步:配制氯化钠的梯度浓度溶液,0mM-100mM;
第四步:检测氯化钠溶液建立标准曲线;将纸芯片放在9上,等待汗液进入纸芯片;;
第五步:待刻度指示到2微升时,取下纸芯片,或直接采用CCD或智能手机采集pH试纸的图像信息;
第六步:用软件(如智能手机的app,NIHImageJ或AdobePhotoshop)分离出单通道的颜色信息,如RGB色彩空间中的Red通道和CMYK色彩空间中的Cyan通道,利用标准曲线,得到汗液中氯离子的浓度,见图5。
Claims (4)
1.一种原位、快速检测汗液中氯离子含量的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将一种便携式纸芯片覆盖于皮肤表面,其中所述便携式纸芯片具有根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸以及在该纸下表面设置的阴离子交换纸的双层结构,其中所述便携式纸芯片通过阴离子交换纸吸取汗液;
通过根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸的颜色或荧光变化,根据预先绘制的标准曲线,确定汗液中氯离子含量。
2.一种原位、快速检测汗液中氯离子含量的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将便携式纸芯片覆盖于皮肤表面,其中所述便携式纸芯片具有根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸以及在该纸下表面设置的阴离子交换纸的双层结构,且所述便携式纸芯片进一步具有设置于所述根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸上表面的粘性贴纸以及在该粘性贴纸的下表面设置的表征进液体积的纸,所述表征进液体积的纸具有进液端,其中通过阴离子交换纸和表征进液体积的纸的进液端吸取汗液;
通过表征进液体积的纸确定吸取汗液的体积,当吸取汗液的体积达到确定的数值时,取下便携式纸芯片;
通过根据pH产生颜色或荧光变化的纸的颜色变化,根据预先绘制的标准曲线,确定汗液中氯离子含量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中吸取汗液的体积为0.1至10微升。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中吸取汗液的体积为2微升。
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CN108982488A (zh) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-11 | 北京科技大学 | 一种超浸润汗液传感器 |
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CN111351925B (zh) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-07-09 | 中南大学 | 一种可同时检测多种氨基糖苷类抗生素纸芯片、制备及其应用 |
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