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CN103307151A - Rotationally lubricating type sealing brake cylinder for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Rotationally lubricating type sealing brake cylinder for railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103307151A
CN103307151A CN2013101934659A CN201310193465A CN103307151A CN 103307151 A CN103307151 A CN 103307151A CN 2013101934659 A CN2013101934659 A CN 2013101934659A CN 201310193465 A CN201310193465 A CN 201310193465A CN 103307151 A CN103307151 A CN 103307151A
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China
Prior art keywords
piston
conical surface
guide
brake cylinder
ring
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Granted
Application number
CN2013101934659A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103307151B (en
Inventor
刘凤伟
马驰
涂智文
王宝磊
姜瑞金
王高
方志坚
易新炳
任万兴
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CRRC Yangtze Co Ltd
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CSR Yangtze Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201310193465.9A priority Critical patent/CN103307151B/en
Publication of CN103307151A publication Critical patent/CN103307151A/en
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Publication of CN103307151B publication Critical patent/CN103307151B/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a rotationally lubricating type sealing brake cylinder for railway vehicles, which comprises a cylinder body and a front cover assembly, wherein a piston and a piston rod are arranged inside the cylinder body, a sealing ring and a lubricating sleeve are arranged on the outer wall of the piston, a release spring is arranged between the bottom of the piston and the front cover assembly, the piston rod sticks out of the front cover assembly, a guiding ring is fixed on the inner wall of the ring slot in the top of the piston, a guiding sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the guiding ring, a reset spring is arranged between the guiding sleeve and the ring slot of the top of the piston, and a guiding base is fixed at the bottom of the cylinder body; and the guiding ring and the guiding sleeve form a screw rotation mechanism, the guiding sleeve and the guiding base form a clutch mechanism, the reset spring and the release spring form a clutch control mechanism, so as to enable the piston to rotate in only one direction under the action of the three mechanisms, the lubricating grease deposited at the bottom of the cylinder body is brought to mid-upper part of the cylinder body, the grease is pasted on the inner wall of the cylinder body uniformly, uniform lubricating of the piston sealing ring is guaranteed, and harmful or leaking faults are avoided. The rotationally lubricating type sealing brake cylinder provided by the invention has a simple structure, is small in revamping workload, and does not affect the basic performance of the conventional braking device of the vehicle.

Description

Railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway vehicle brake cylinder, refer to particularly a kind of railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder.
Background technique
The principle of brake system of rail vehicle is to be filled with master cylinder by pressurized air, makes brake cylinder piston rod extrapolated, and changing air pressure is mechanical thrust, thereby promotes the action of vehicle brake rigging, makes brake shoe compress wheel, produces braking action.
At present, the piston of railway vehicle brake cylinder is linear pushing in the release of brake mechanism, the lubricating grease that evenly spreads upon during assembling on cylinder interior and piston packing and the lubricating sleeve will be deposited on cylinder base gradually in running, lubrication state variation between cylinder body top and the piston, cause the piston packing dry grinding damaged, master cylinder improper release occurs or sews fault.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to overcome the defective that there is lubricating grease cylinder bottom deposition in existing railway vehicle brake cylinder, provide a kind of simple and practical, stable and reliable for performance, can guarantee that cylinder body and piston evenly lubricate, avoid the damaged railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder of piston packing dry grinding.
For achieving the above object, the railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder that the present invention is designed, comprise that cylinder body and protecgulum form, be provided with piston and piston rod in the described cylinder body, described piston outer wall is provided with seal ring and lubricating sleeve, described piston base and protecgulum are provided with release spring between forming, and described piston rod stretches out outside the protecgulum composition, and its special way is:
Described piston head annular groove inwall is fixed with guide ring, described guide ring inboard is provided with the guide sleeve that cooperates with its spiral expanding, be provided with Returnning spring between described guide sleeve and the piston head annular groove, described cylinder base is fixed with the guide holder that cooperates with guide sleeve grafting self-locking;
Described guide ring and guide sleeve form spiral rotating mechanism, described guide sleeve and guide holder form clutch mechanism, described Returnning spring with alleviate cluster spring and become the clutch surface control mechanism, thereby make the piston only can be along a direction rotation under the effect of above-mentioned three mechanisms.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows: during braking, the piston driving piston rod straight line in the cylinder body is released, and is not subjected to the impact of the newly-increased parts of piston head, with the effect of existing railway vehicle brake cylinder without any difference.During alleviation, piston driving piston rod in the cylinder body is retracted, when piston moves to the last section stroke, guide sleeve is combined self-locking with guide holder, because guide holder stationary housing bottom, guide sleeve can't rotate, the release spring pushing piston continues to move to cylinder base subsequently, guide sleeve drives the guide ring rotation that cooperates with its spiral expanding, because guide ring is fixed on the piston, rotates therefore can drive the relative cylinder body of piston.Next time, guide sleeve was got back to initial position under the effect of Returnning spring when braking.Because piston only can be along the direction rotation of a setting, by braking and alleviation process repeatedly, can make the lubricating grease that is deposited on the inboard wall of cylinder block bottom be brought to inboard wall of cylinder block top by the seal ring on the piston and lubricating sleeve, thereby make lubricating grease uniform ground adhere to inboard wall of cylinder block.
As preferred version, be provided with the guiding skewed slot on the described guide ring ring wall, be provided with guide finger on the described guide sleeve outer wall, described guide finger is embedded in the guiding skewed slot and is slidingly matched with it.Like this, both can form simply, stablize, reliable spiral expanding relation, force the relative guide ring rotation of guide sleeve.
Further, described guiding skewed slot is 30 ~ 60 ° with respect to the preferred angle of guide ring shaft axis, and the optimum tilt angle is 45 °.Like this, can guarantee that guide sleeve has suitable axial stroke.
Further, described guide finger and be provided with 2 ~ 4 covers with the guiding skewed slot of its pairing is along circumferentially evenly distributing.Like this, can guarantee between guide ring and the guide sleeve stressed evenly, supporting ﹠ stablizing, rotation is flexibly relatively.
As preferred version, described guide holder is circle structure, and its outer wall is provided with outer conical surface, and the top seam of described guide sleeve is provided with internal conical surface, and described internal conical surface cooperates with the outer conical surface friction self-locking.Like this, both can form simply, stablize, embed reliably the self-locking relation, and guide holder can't be rotated relatively with guide sleeve.
Further, the preferred rubbing surface semi-cone angle of described outer conical surface and internal conical surface is no more than 15 °, and best semi-cone angle equals 10 ~ 12 ° like this, can guarantee that guide sleeve and guide holder self-locking are reliable and stable.
Again further, correspondence is provided with friction plate on described outer conical surface and the internal conical surface.Like this, can increase the frictional force between outer conical surface and the internal conical surface, guide holder is combined closely with guide sleeve, prevent relative rotation.
As preferred version, be provided with the oil-containing nylon backing plate between described Returnning spring and the piston head annular groove, the backing plate that is provided with thrust-bearing between described release spring and the piston base or has lubrication.Like this, can and alleviate the spring contact place at piston and Returnning spring and play lubrication, the resistance when reducing the piston rotation.
The invention has the advantages that: by in brake cylinder body, setting up spiral rotating mechanism, clutch mechanism and clutch surface control mechanism, can force the piston in the cylinder body when each release of brake, to rotate along one direction, the lubricating grease that is deposited on cylinder base is brought to cylinder body middle part and top, make grease evenly stick to inboard wall of cylinder block, guarantee that piston packing is evenly lubricated, thus the generation of avoiding the master cylinder improper release or sewing fault.Simultaneously, the present invention is simple in structure, and the retrofit work amount is little, does not affect the key property of the original braking device of vehicle, can satisfy the stable needs of railway vehicle brake cylinder effect propety, improves train operational safety.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder of the present invention is at the structural representation of relieved state.
Fig. 2 is that railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder shown in Figure 1 is at the structural representation of braking state.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional structure for amplifying schematic diagram of guide ring among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional structure for amplifying schematic diagram of guide sleeve among Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional structure for amplifying schematic diagram that guide ring and guide sleeve match.
Fig. 6 be the clutch mechanism that formed by guide sleeve and guide holder fully in conjunction with the time and the position relationship schematic diagram of guide ring.
Fig. 7 is the clutch mechanism that is comprised of guide sleeve and guide holder in the beginning combination or when beginning to break away from and the position relationship schematic diagram of guide ring.
Fig. 8 for the clutch mechanism that formed by guide sleeve and guide holder when breaking away from fully and the position relationship schematic diagram of guide ring.
Each parts label is as follows among the figure: guide ring 1(wherein: guiding skewed slot 1.1), guide sleeve 2(wherein: guide finger 2.1, internal conical surface 2.2), Returnning spring 3, guide holder 4(wherein: outer conical surface 4.1), thrust-bearing 5, seal ring 6, lubricating sleeve 7, piston 8, release spring 9, cylinder body 10, piston rod 11, protecgulum form 12.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder of the present invention, comprise that cylinder body 10 and protecgulum form 12, be provided with piston 8 and piston rod 11 in the cylinder body 10, piston 8 outer walls are provided with seal ring 6 and lubricating sleeve 7, piston 8 bottoms and protecgulum are provided with release spring 9 between forming 12, and piston rod 11 stretches out protecgulum and forms outside 12.
Be fixed with guide ring 1 at piston 8 top annular groove inwalls by rivet, guide ring 1 inboard is provided with guide sleeve 2.Particularly, being symmetrically arranged with two 1.1, two of skewed slots of guiding guiding skewed slots 1.1 on guide ring 1 ring wall is 45 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of guide ring 1 shaft axis; Be symmetrically arranged with 2.1, two guide fingers 2.1 of two guide fingers on guide sleeve 2 outer walls and be embedded in respectively in the corresponding guiding skewed slot 1.1 and be slidingly matched with it, thereby make the guide ring 1 can be with respect to guide sleeve 2 spiral telescoping motions.Be provided with Returnning spring 3 between the top of guide sleeve 2 seam inboard and piston 8 top annular grooves, the reaction force of Returnning spring 3 can remain pushes guide sleeve 2 to initial position, and namely guide finger 2.1 is positioned at the position of guiding skewed slot 1.1 bottoms.
Be fixed with the guide holder 4 that cooperates with guide sleeve 2 grafting self-lockings at cylinder body 10 bottom weldings.Particularly, guide holder 4 is circle structure, and its outer wall is provided with outer conical surface 4.1; The top seam of guide sleeve 2 is provided with internal conical surface 2.2, and internal conical surface 2.2 can embed friction self-locking with outer conical surface 4.1 and cooperate, and both rubbing surface semi-cone angle equal 10 ~ 12 °.In order to increase the frictional force between outer conical surface 4.1 and the internal conical surface 2.2, also along circumferentially being evenly equipped with the friction plate (not shown), can make guide holder 4 tight with guide sleeve 2 combinations at both rubbing surfaces, prevent relative rotation.
Between Returnning spring 3 and piston 8 top annular grooves, be provided with oil-containing nylon backing plate (among the figure for illustrating), the backing plate that between release spring 9 and piston 8 bottoms, is provided with thrust-bearing 5 or has lubrication.Like this, can play lubrication in piston 8 and Returnning spring 3 and release spring 9 contacting points, the resistance when reducing piston 8 rotation.
The component that the present invention is newly-increased on existing master cylinder basis and original component can form following three kinds of application mechanisms:
One, form a spiral rotating mechanism with the guide ring 1 of guiding skewed slot 1.1 and guide sleeve 2 with guide finger 2.1, because guide ring 1 is fixed in the piston 8 top annular grooves, when guide finger 2.1 during in the 1.1 interior slip of guiding skewed slot, will force guide sleeve 2 and guide ring 1 relative spiral rotating.
They are two years old, the outer conical surface 4.1 of guide holder 4 forms a clutch mechanism with the internal conical surface of guide sleeve 2 2.2, because guide holder 4 is fixed on cylinder body 10 bottoms, alleviating final stage, when the outer conical surface 4.1 of the internal conical surface 2.2 of guide sleeve 2 and guide holder 4 is chimeric, will force guide sleeve 2 to stop the rotation.
Its three, the release spring 9 of master cylinder and the Returnning spring of guide sleeve 23 forms a clutch surface control mechanism, the active force of release spring 9 can make the internal conical surface 2.2 of guide sleeve 2 when alleviating after the braking chimeric with the outer conical surface 4.1 of guide holder 4; And the active force of Returnning spring can make when braking guide sleeve 2 get back to initial position.
Under the acting in conjunction of above-mentioned three mechanisms, piston 8 only can be along a direction rotation.By release of brake mechanism repeatedly, can make the lubricating grease that is deposited on cylinder body 10 inwall bottoms be brought to cylinder body 10 upper inside wall by the seal ring 6 on the piston 8 and lubricating sleeve 7, grease is adhered on cylinder body 10 inwalls uniformly.
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 2,6 ~ 8, the specific works process of railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder of the present invention is as follows for another example:
When master cylinder is in the alleviation operating mode:
Piston 8 moves to cylinder body 10 bottoms under the active force of release spring 9 promotes, in the end during the 20mm stroke, the clutch mechanism chimeric (referring to Fig. 7) that the internal conical surface 2.2 of guide sleeve 2 and the outer conical surface of guide holder 4 4.1 form, its clutch surface is owing to being subject to the approximately active force compression of 900 ~ 1924N of release spring 9, make internal conical surface 2.2 and outer conical surface 4.1 lockings, because guide holder 4 stationary housings 10 bottoms, guide sleeve 2 can't rotate; Release spring 9 forces piston 8 to continue rollback subsequently, because guide finger 2.1 is embedded in the guiding skewed slot 1.1, guide sleeve 2 drives guide ring 1 rotation that cooperates with its spiral expanding, be riveted on the piston 8 owing to guide ring 1 again, therefore drive piston 8 relative cylinder body 10 rotations, until piston 8 return back to the release position (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 6) of setting, so just the lubricating oil viscosity with cylinder body 10 bottoms is attached on the seal ring 6 and lubricating sleeve 7 of piston 8 outer walls.
When master cylinder is in damped condition:
Piston 8 forms 12 to protecgulum and moves, this moment the internal conical surface 2.2 of guide sleeve 2 and guide holder 4 the active force that is about 90N that only provides for Returnning spring 3 of the clutch surface pressure of outer conical surface 4.1, because the active force of Returnning spring 3 is less than normal, can not drive piston 8 rotations, this moment piston 8 pushing piston bars, 11 moving linearlies (referring to Fig. 7), and guide sleeve 2 is being followed piston 8 when moving, and spinning in guide ring 1 rotatablely moves.After the stroke of piston 8 is greater than 20mm, guide holder 4 is thrown off fully with the clutch mechanism that guide sleeve 2 forms, guide finger 2.1 on the guide sleeve 2 also is directed to guiding skewed slot 1.1 bottoms of ring on 1 and blocks and stop the rotation, and guide sleeve 2 can only be followed piston 8 traveling priorities (referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 8) subsequently.Like this, lubricant oil is sticked on cylinder body 10 inwalls equably along with piston 8 motions.
Because piston 8 only can be along the direction rotation of a setting, by braking and alleviation process repeatedly, can make the lubricating grease that is deposited on cylinder body 10 inwall bottoms repeatedly be brought to cylinder body 10 upper inside wall by the seal ring 6 on the piston 8 and lubricating sleeve 7, thereby make lubricating grease uniform ground adhere to cylinder body 10 inwalls.Like this, guaranteed that seal ring 6 and lubricating sleeve 7 are evenly lubricated, thereby avoided the damaged generation that causes the master cylinder improper release or sew fault of seal ring 6 dry grinding.
Should be noted that at last, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technological scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, but those of ordinary skills are to be understood that, technological scheme of the present invention is carried out simple modification or is equal to replacement, for example according to master cylinder actual design needs, also can adopt at guide sleeve 2 the guiding skewed slot is set, the structure of guide finger is set at guide ring 1, still can reaches the effect that both spiral expandings cooperate; Perhaps, adopt and design internal conical surface at guide holder 4, in the structure of guide sleeve 2 design outer conical surface, also can reach the effect of both chimeric friction self-lockings.These all can not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, and all should be encompassed among the protection domain of claim of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder, comprise that cylinder body (10) and protecgulum form (12), be provided with piston (8) and piston rod (11) in the described cylinder body (10), described piston (8) outer wall is provided with seal ring (6) and lubricating sleeve (7), be provided with release spring (9) between described piston (8) bottom and the protecgulum composition (12), described piston rod (11) stretches out protecgulum and forms outside (12), it is characterized in that:
Described piston (8) top annular groove inwall is fixed with guide ring (1), described guide ring (1) inboard is provided with the guide sleeve (2) that cooperates with its spiral expanding, be provided with Returnning spring (3) between described guide sleeve (2) and piston (8) the top annular groove, described cylinder body (10) bottom is fixed with the guide holder (4) that cooperates with guide sleeve (2) grafting self-locking;
Described guide ring (1) and guide sleeve (2) form spiral rotating mechanism, described guide sleeve (2) and guide holder (4) form clutch mechanism, described Returnning spring (3) and release spring (9) form the clutch surface control mechanism, thereby make the piston (8) only can be along a direction rotation under the effect of above-mentioned three mechanisms.
2. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with guiding skewed slot (1.1) on described guide ring (1) ring wall, be provided with guide finger (2.1) on described guide sleeve (2) outer wall, described guide finger (2.1) is embedded in the guiding skewed slot (1.1) and is slidingly matched with it.
3. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described guiding skewed slot (1.1) is 30 ~ 60 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of guide ring (1) shaft axis.
4. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described guiding skewed slot (1.1) is 45 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of guide ring (1) shaft axis.
5. each described railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder in 4 according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described guide finger (2.1) and be provided with 2 ~ 4 covers with the guiding skewed slot (1.1) of its pairing, and along circumferentially evenly distributing.
6. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described guide holder (4) is circle structure, its outer wall is provided with outer conical surface (4.1), the top seam of described guide sleeve (2) is provided with internal conical surface (2.2), and described internal conical surface (2.2) cooperates with outer conical surface (4.1) friction self-locking.
7. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described outer conical surface (4.1) is no more than 15 ° with the rubbing surface semi-cone angle of internal conical surface (2.2).
8. railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described outer conical surface (4.1) equals 10 ~ 12 ° with the rubbing surface semi-cone angle of internal conical surface (2.2).
9. each described railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder in 8 according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the upper correspondence of described outer conical surface (4.1) and internal conical surface (2.2) is provided with friction plate.
10. each described railway vehicle rotary lubrication formula sealed brake cylinder according to claim 1 ~ 4 or in 6 ~ 8, it is characterized in that: be provided with the oil-containing nylon backing plate between described Returnning spring (3) and piston (8) the top annular groove, the backing plate that is provided with thrust-bearing (5) or has lubrication between described release spring (9) and piston (8) bottom.
CN201310193465.9A 2013-05-22 2013-05-22 Rotationally lubricating type sealing brake cylinder for railway vehicles Active CN103307151B (en)

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CN103307151B CN103307151B (en) 2015-06-17

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103486250A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-01-01 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Piston assembly with active lubricating function
CN103603898A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Spray gun type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN103629276A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-03-12 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Impeller type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN106763345A (en) * 2017-03-31 2017-05-31 眉山中车制动科技股份有限公司 A kind of vehicle active lubrication brake cylinder
CN115076265A (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-20 中车株洲车辆有限公司 Rotary lubrication sealed brake cylinder, brake system and railway vehicle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2559526Y (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-07-09 株洲电力机车厂 Braking unit of disk-shape braker for railway rolling stock
KR100891485B1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-02 주식회사 만도 Parking brake device of disk brake
CN201283877Y (en) * 2008-09-27 2009-08-05 沈阳机车车辆铁道制动机有限责任公司 Common unit brake cylinder
DE102008051678A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Pneumatic brake cylinder
CN203322116U (en) * 2013-05-22 2013-12-04 南车长江车辆有限公司 Rotary lubrication type sealing brake cylinder of railway vehicle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2559526Y (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-07-09 株洲电力机车厂 Braking unit of disk-shape braker for railway rolling stock
KR100891485B1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-02 주식회사 만도 Parking brake device of disk brake
CN201283877Y (en) * 2008-09-27 2009-08-05 沈阳机车车辆铁道制动机有限责任公司 Common unit brake cylinder
DE102008051678A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-22 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Pneumatic brake cylinder
CN203322116U (en) * 2013-05-22 2013-12-04 南车长江车辆有限公司 Rotary lubrication type sealing brake cylinder of railway vehicle

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103486250A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-01-01 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Piston assembly with active lubricating function
CN103486250B (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-06-01 四川制动科技股份有限公司 A kind of piston complement with active lubrication function
CN103603898A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Spray gun type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN103629276A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-03-12 四川制动科技股份有限公司 Impeller type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN103603898B (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-10-28 四川制动科技股份有限公司 A kind of spray gun type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN103629276B (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-11-18 四川制动科技股份有限公司 A kind of impeller type active lubrication brake cylinder
CN106763345A (en) * 2017-03-31 2017-05-31 眉山中车制动科技股份有限公司 A kind of vehicle active lubrication brake cylinder
CN106763345B (en) * 2017-03-31 2023-01-20 眉山中车制动科技股份有限公司 Vehicle active lubrication brake cylinder
CN115076265A (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-20 中车株洲车辆有限公司 Rotary lubrication sealed brake cylinder, brake system and railway vehicle

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