CN103256077A - Multistage centripetal turbine system - Google Patents
Multistage centripetal turbine system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103256077A CN103256077A CN2012100408350A CN201210040835A CN103256077A CN 103256077 A CN103256077 A CN 103256077A CN 2012100408350 A CN2012100408350 A CN 2012100408350A CN 201210040835 A CN201210040835 A CN 201210040835A CN 103256077 A CN103256077 A CN 103256077A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage centripetal turbine system, and relates to a turbine technology. The multistage centripetal turbine system comprises a turbo-expander system, a heating system and a gear transmission system. The multistage centripetal turbine system has an even number of centripetal turbines, and the number of stages ranges from 2 to 8 and is determined by magnitude of an expansion ratio. Each stage is composed of a centripetal turbine or multiple centripetal turbines. Each two centripetal turbines are arranged on a shaft in a back-to-back mode, have the same revolving speed and can balance axial thrust of rotors. Inlet temperature of the multistage centripetal turbines ranges from 220K to 973K, and inlet pressure thereof ranges from 3bar to 340bar. Shaft work generated by two coaxial centripetal turbines is outputted to a generator or serves as a power source for industrial production. The multistage centripetal turbine system has the advantages of high expansion ratio, simple and compact structure, high efficiency, high operation reliability, capability of recycling medium and low temperature (heat value) waste heat and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the turbine expansion technical field, is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system with inter-stage heating.
Background technique
Radial-inward-flow turbine is widely used in the fields such as expansion turbine of middle-size and small-size gas turbine, turbosupercharger, refrigeration plant and liquefaction plant, have simple and compact for structure, manufacturing process is simple, advantage such as cheap, easy for installation.The efficient of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine is very high, particularly can also keep very high efficient under the situation of small flow, and present single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine isentropic efficiency can reach more than 90%.Simultaneously, the radial-inward-flow turbine single-stage expansion is than high, and the expansion ratio that the single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine is finished can reach the twice of axial-flow turbine even more.
Because the particularity of radial-inward-flow turbine structure, the difficulty that multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is realized is very big, and from disclosed data, the overwhelming majority is single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine system, and multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is seldom arranged.Along with the inlet pressure of turbine expansion system is more and more higher, the expansion ratio of system requirements constantly increases, and the single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine has not satisfied existing demand.And gas is under high-pressure situations, volume flowrate is less, the efficient of other forms of turbo-expander is not high, and radial-inward-flow turbine still can keep very high efficient under the very little situation of volume flowrate, therefore presses for the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine of a kind of high-efficiency reliable system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, have the inter-stage heater, be a kind of efficient height, operational reliability height, operating cost is low, expansion ratio is high, can utilize in the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system of low temperature (calorific value).
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many axles and many pipelines; Its radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multistage radial-inward-flow turbine, and progression is 2～8 grades, and what of progression are determined by the size of the required expansion ratio of finishing of energy conversion system;
Be at least the two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, every grade comprises at least one radial-inward-flow turbine, and two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels interlink through many pipelines, at least one heat exchanger;
Be provided with modulating valve, three-way valve in the pipeline;
Multistage rotatingshaft is connected with speed-changing gear box respectively, and the main output shaft of speed-changing gear box is connected with the live axle of generator or other loads, by main output shaft output shaft work, drives generator or other loads;
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat or solar thermal collector.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back, it is adjacent two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine series connection, totally one rotatingshaft, affixed in back-to-back mode, be that totally one rotatingshaft is affixed back-to-back for first order radial-inward-flow turbine, second level radial-inward-flow turbine, third level radial-inward-flow turbine, fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine totally one rotatingshaft are affixed back-to-back, by that analogy to afterbody, when progression is odd number, afterbody is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopts coaxial back-to-back arranged in form;
The position of gear parameter case is positioned at the homonymy of two coaxial radial-inward-flow turbines;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and second level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and third level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine interlink, and by that analogy to afterbody (N), atmosphere is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
Pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after, through valve, pipeline input first order radial-inward-flow turbine, in first order radial-inward-flow turbine, enter heat exchanger after the expansion acting, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion acting after improving temperature, behind heat exchanger, continue to enter third level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion acting again, in this way, finish after to the last one-level turbine (N) expands, the shaft work that radial-inward-flow turbine group inflation process produces is exported to speed-changing gear box by axle, drives generator or other loads by main output shaft output after the speed change.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the rotor of its described radial-inward-flow turbine is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described pressurized gas, for air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rock gas, freon or water vapour one of them.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the radial-inward-flow turbine number of its described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is even number, adopts coaxial back-to-back arranged in form, to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by same output shaft.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described pressurized gas were heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine, be the temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine import between 220K～973K, inlet pressure is between 3bar～340bar; The expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is between 3～340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine is near normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the expansion ratio of its described radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels, determined jointly that by the total expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine and the axial force of radial-inward-flow turbine rotors at different levels the pressure ratio of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines distributes will satisfy roughly balance of axial force.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described heat exchanger is bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid, the combination of immersing coil pipe type one of them or they, the heat source temperature of heat exchanger is between 220K～973K.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described thermal source is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is when the exit flow of its described afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine uses as low-temperature receiver, by the inlet temperature of regulating the final stage turbine and the temperature that expands control outlet recently.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the size of the shaft work of its described main output shaft output by pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or is controlled by temperature and the flow of heat exchanger.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its described three-way valve in three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprises the radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, speed-changing gear box, generator, modulating valve, rotatingshaft, pipeline;
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and triple valve inlet interlink, three-way valve two outlets interlink with two radial-inward-flow turbines respectively, the third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines, and outlet B, the C of radial-inward-flow turbine, radial-inward-flow turbine be logical atmosphere or use as the source of the gas of other equipment respectively;
During operation, pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after, through valve, pipeline input first order radial-inward-flow turbine, enter heat exchanger after the acting of in first order radial-inward-flow turbine, expanding, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion acting after the raising temperature; Difference is:
The third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines, the pressurized gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after the heat exchanger heating, be divided into impartial two-part by three-way valve, a part enters atmosphere or enters next flow process after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine, another part enters atmosphere or enters next flow process after entering the acting of expanding in another radial-inward-flow turbine, in this way, make the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbine rotors of the third level offset; The size of main output shaft merit is controlled by the flow of valve regulated pressurized gas, or controls by the heat exchange amount of regulating heat exchanger.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, when its progression when multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is 5 or 7, its afterbody adopts two radial-inward-flow turbines, and the pressurized gas of its upstream radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after the heat exchanger heating, and hot air flow is through two radial-inward-flow turbine actings of the impartial input of three-way valve.
The invention has the advantages that: efficient height, compact structure, reliability height, overall expansion ratio height, be applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas expansion actings, have wide use prospect.Environmentally friendly, can utilize in the recovery of thermal source, particularly used heat of low temperature (calorific value), improve resource utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 1 quaternary structure schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 2 tertiary structure schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 3 Pyatyi structural representations of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 4 seven level structure schematic representation of the present invention.
Label declaration:
18---speed-changing gear box,
19---generator,
26---modulating valve,
27---three-way valve,
15,16,17,40,58---axle,
4,8,12,34,49,52,63---heat exchanger,
2,6,10,14,31,32,41,42,43,44,45,46---radial-inward-flow turbine,
1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,28,29,30,33,35,36,37,38,39,47,48,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,59,60,61,62,64---pipeline
Embodiment
Multistage radial-inward-flow turbine of the present invention system adopts the high-pressure air source acting of expanding step by step, satisfies customer requirements up to outlet pressure; Low temperature in the utilization (calorific value) thermal source carries out the inter-stage heating, and this process can be utilized used heat, waste heat, has improved resource utilization; Per two radial-inward-flow turbines adopt coaxial back-to-back pattern to arrange, to offset the axial force of radial-inward-flow turbine; Back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines have identical rotating speed, and the shaft work that impeller produces is exported by the same axis; The shaft work input gear-box of generations at different levels is exported to generator or other loads by main shaft after the speed change.Because the characteristic of radial-inward-flow turbine, there is following potential advantage in the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system that the present invention proposes:
The efficient height: the isentropic efficiency of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine reaches more than 90% at present, and this system can also be to the recycling of low-calorie thermal source in used heat and the waste heat etc., and therefore the efficient of this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine can reach more than 85%.
Compact structure: radial-inward-flow turbine of the present invention adopts coaxial back-to-back form, so not only makes the axial force counteracting of two turbine rotors, also makes compact structure, has saved space and manufacture cost.
The reliability height: owing to this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is that technical foundation development at existing single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine comes, and shaft work is by the gear-box transmission, so the reliability of this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is very high.
The overall expansion ratio height: if every grade of expansion ratio is 2, then the expansion ratio of 8 grades of radial-inward-flow turbines is 216.The expansion ratio of the radial-inward-flow turbine of single-stage is between 1～10, so this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine can be easy to finish tens expansion ratios up to a hundred at present.
Be applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas: multistage radial-inward-flow turbine expands applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas such as air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, freon, rock gas or water vapour and does work.
The thermal source of low temperature in the utilization (calorific value): low-calorie thermal source carries out heat again with gas in can adopting, the increase system goes out merit, and the particularly used heat of industrial trade and waste heat are as cement industry, iron and steel metallurgical industry, chemical industry etc., to improve rate of energy, reduce environmental pollution.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural representation of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 1 of the present invention.This is a level Four radial-inward-flow turbine system, comprises radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14, heat exchanger 4,8,12, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25.
First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 and second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 are affixed back-to-back by axle 17, and third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 are affixed back-to-back by axle 15.Axle 15,17 connects with main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18, and main output shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shafts.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14.Be provided with valve 26 before the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2. Heat exchanger 4,8,12 is connected with extraneous thermal source through pipeline 20,22,24.
During operation, pressurized gas are entered the acting of expanding in the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by extraneous thermal source heating by valve 26, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces, entering the temperature that makes gas in the heat exchanger 4 then raises, import the acting of expanding in the second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, the gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 outlets imports heating in the heat exchanger 8 again, the acting of in entering third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10, expanding of gas after the heating, the gas that expands after doing work by the third level imports heating in the heat exchanger 12, import the acting of expanding in the fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 at last, enter then (or entering next flow process) in the atmosphere.Shaft work on the axle 17,15 passes to main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of output shaft work can be controlled by the flow that valve 26 is regulated pressurized gas, also can be by regulating heat exchanger 4,8,12 heat exchange amount.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2, and it is three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, and its agent structure is identical with embodiment 1, has increased a three-channel valve 27 among the figure.This system comprises radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30.
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrances, three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively, the third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 31,32, and outlet B, the C of radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 be logical atmosphere (or entering next flow process) respectively.
During operation, first order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 with second level radial-inward-flow turbine, difference is: the third level is by two radial-inward-flow turbines 31,32 form, the pressurized gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 outlets are after heat exchanger 8 heating, be divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27, a part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 31, another part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 32, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 31 of the third level, the axial force of 32 rotors is offset.Shaft work on the axle 17,15 passes to main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of main output shaft merit can be controlled by the flow that valve 26 is regulated pressurized gas, also can be by regulating heat exchanger 4,8 heat exchange amount.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 3, it is a Pyatyi radial-inward-flow turbine system, the structural type of its preceding level Four is identical with embodiment 1, just increased a heat exchanger 34, three-channel valve 27 and radial-inward- flow turbine 41,42. these systems comprise radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8,34, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17,40, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,33,35,36,37,38,39.
Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 33, heat exchanger 34, pipeline 35 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrances, three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively, level V is made up of two radial-inward- flow turbines 41,42, and outlet B, the C of radial-inward-flow turbine 41, radial-inward-flow turbine 42 be logical atmosphere (or entering next flow process) respectively.
During operation, first order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 to fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine, difference is: level V is by two radial-inward- flow turbines 41,42 form, the pressurized gas of fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 outlets are after heat exchanger 34 heating, be divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27, a part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 41, another part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 42, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 41 of level V, the axial force of 42 rotors is offset.Shaft work on the axle 17,15,40 passes to main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of main output shaft merit can be controlled by the flow that valve 26 is regulated pressurized gas, also can be by regulating heat exchanger 4,8,12,34 heat exchange amount
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 4, it is seven grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprise radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14,43,44,45,46, heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17,40,58, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,47,48,59,60,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,61,62,64.
First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 and second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 are affixed back-to-back by axle 17, third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 are affixed back-to-back by axle 15, level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 and the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 are affixed back-to-back by axle 40, formed by two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46 for the 7th grade, affixed back-to-back by axle 58.Axle 15,17,40,58 connects with main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18, and main output shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shafts.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14; Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 64, heat exchanger 63, pipeline 47 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 phase communications and liaison; Level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 by the road 48, heat exchanger 49, pipeline 50 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 43 phase communications and liaison; The 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 by the road 51, heat exchanger 52, pipeline 53 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrances, three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46 respectively, be made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46 for the 7th grade, outlet B, the C of radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46 be logical atmosphere (or entering next flow process) respectively.Be provided with valve 26 before the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2.Heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63 is connected with extraneous thermal source through pipeline 20,22,24,59,56,61.
During operation, pressurized gas are entered the acting of expanding in the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by extraneous thermal source heating by valve 26, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces, entering the temperature that makes gas in the heat exchanger 4 then raises, import the acting of expanding in the second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, the gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 outlets imports heating in the heat exchanger 8, the acting of in entering third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10, expanding of gas after the heating, the gas that expands after doing work by the third level imports heating in the heat exchanger 12, import the acting of expanding in the fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14, the gas of fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 outlets imports heating in the heat exchanger 63, the acting of in entering level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44, expanding of gas after the heating, the gas of level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 outlets imports heating in the heat exchanger 49, the acting of in entering the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43, expanding of gas after the heating, the pressurized gas of the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 outlets are after heat exchanger 52 heating, be divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27, a part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 45, another part enters atmosphere (or entering next flow process) after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 46, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 45 of the 7th grade, the axial force of 46 rotors is offset.Shaft work on the axle 17,15,40,58 passes to main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of main output shaft merit can be controlled by the flow that valve 26 is regulated pressurized gas, also can be by regulating heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63 heat exchange amount.
Claims (13)
1. a multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many axles and many pipelines; It is characterized in that:
The radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multistage radial-inward-flow turbine, and progression is 2～8 grades, and what of progression are determined by the size of the required expansion ratio of finishing of energy conversion system;
Be at least the two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, every grade comprises at least one radial-inward-flow turbine, and two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels interlink through many pipelines, at least one heat exchanger;
Be provided with modulating valve (26), three-way valve (27) in the pipeline;
Multistage rotatingshaft is connected with speed-changing gear box (18) respectively, and the main output shaft (16) of speed-changing gear box (18) is connected with the live axle of generator (19) or other loads, by main output shaft (16) output shaft work, drives generator (19) or other loads;
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat or solar thermal collector.
2. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: described two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back, it is adjacent two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine series connection, totally one rotatingshaft, affixed in back-to-back mode, be first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) totally one rotatingshaft (17) is affixed back-to-back, third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10), fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14) totally one rotatingshaft (15) is affixed back-to-back, by that analogy to afterbody, when progression is odd number, afterbody is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopts coaxial back-to-back arranged in form;
The position of gear parameter case (18) is positioned at the homonymy of two coaxial radial-inward-flow turbines;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) (3), heat exchanger (4), pipeline (5) by the road interlinks with second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6); Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (9) by the road interlinks with third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10); Third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) (11), heat exchanger (12), pipeline (13) by the road interlinks with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14), and by that analogy to afterbody (N), atmosphere is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
Pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after, through valve (26), pipeline (1) input first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), in first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), enter heat exchanger (4) after the expansion acting, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) expansion acting after improving temperature, behind heat exchanger (8), continue to enter third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) expansion acting again, in this way, finish after to the last one-level turbine (N) expands, the shaft work that radial-inward-flow turbine group inflation process produces is by axle (15,17) export to speed-changing gear box (18), drive generator (19) or other loads by main output shaft (16) output after the speed change.
3. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 and 2 system, it is characterized in that: the rotor of described radial-inward-flow turbine is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
4. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 2 system is characterized in that: described pressurized gas, for air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rock gas, freon or water vapour one of them.
5. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: the radial-inward-flow turbine number of described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is even number, adopt coaxial back-to-back arranged in form, to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by same output shaft.
6. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 2 system, it is characterized in that: described pressurized gas were heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine, be the temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) import between 220K～973K, inlet pressure is between 3bar～340bar; The expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is between 3～340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine is near normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
7. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 6 system, it is characterized in that: the expansion ratio of described radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels, determined jointly that by the total expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine and the axial force of radial-inward-flow turbine rotors at different levels the pressure ratio of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines distributes will satisfy roughly balance of axial force.
8. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 and 2 system, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger, be bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid, the combination of immersing coil pipe type one of them or they, the heat source temperature of heat exchanger is between 220K～973K.
9. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: described thermal source is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat.
10. according to claim 2 or 6 described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine systems, it is characterized in that: when the exit flow of described afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine uses as low-temperature receiver, by the inlet temperature of regulating the final stage turbine and the temperature that expands control outlet recently.
11. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 and 2 system is characterized in that: the size of the shaft work of described main output shaft (16) output, by pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or control by temperature and the flow of heat exchanger.
12. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: described three-way valve (27), in three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprise radial-inward-flow turbine group (2,6,31,32), heat exchanger (4,8), speed-changing gear box (18), generator (19), modulating valve (26), rotatingshaft (15,16,17), pipeline (1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30);
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (29) by the road interlinks with three-way valve (27) entrance, three-way valve (27) two outlets interlink with two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32) respectively, the third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), and outlet B, the C of radial-inward-flow turbine (31), radial-inward-flow turbine (32) be logical atmosphere or use as the source of the gas of other equipment respectively;
During operation, pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after, through valve (26), pipeline (1) input first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), in first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), enter heat exchanger (4) after the expansion acting, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) expansion acting after the raising temperature; Difference is:
The third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), the pressurized gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) outlet are after heat exchanger (8) heating, be divided into impartial two-part by three-way valve (27), a part enters atmosphere or enters next flow process after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine (31), another part enters atmosphere or enters next flow process after entering the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine (32), in this way, make the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32) rotor of the third level offset; The size of main output shaft merit is regulated the flow of pressurized gas and is controlled, or controls by the heat exchange amount of regulating heat exchanger (4,8) by valve (26).
13. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 12 system, it is characterized in that: when the progression of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is 5 or 7, its afterbody adopts two radial-inward-flow turbines, the pressurized gas of its upstream radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after the heat exchanger heating, and hot air flow is through two radial-inward-flow turbine actings of the impartial input of three-way valve (27).
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