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CN103120821A - 用于医疗应用的针 - Google Patents

用于医疗应用的针 Download PDF

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CN103120821A
CN103120821A CN2012104535618A CN201210453561A CN103120821A CN 103120821 A CN103120821 A CN 103120821A CN 2012104535618 A CN2012104535618 A CN 2012104535618A CN 201210453561 A CN201210453561 A CN 201210453561A CN 103120821 A CN103120821 A CN 103120821A
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sleeve
tip
protection sleeve
syringe
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约尔格·施瓦茨比奇
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3269Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel guided by means not coaxially aligned with syringe barrel, e.g. channel-like member formed on exterior surface of syringe barrel for guiding a pushing rod connected to and displacing needle safety sheath
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0612Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
    • A61M25/0618Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for protecting only the distal tip of the needle, e.g. a needle guard
    • A61M25/0625Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for protecting only the distal tip of the needle, e.g. a needle guard with a permanent connection to the needle hub, e.g. a guiding rail, a locking mechanism or a guard advancement mechanism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3273Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel freely sliding on needle shaft without connection to syringe or needle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3275Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel being connected to the needle hub or syringe by radially deflectable members, e.g. longitudinal slats, cords or bands
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3245Constructional features thereof, e.g. to improve manipulation or functioning
    • A61M2005/3247Means to impede repositioning of protection sleeve from needle covering to needle uncovering position
    • A61M2005/325Means obstructing the needle passage at distal end of a needle protection sleeve
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0612Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
    • A61M25/0618Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for protecting only the distal tip of the needle, e.g. a needle guard

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于刺穿患者皮肤的针,包括保护套筒(20),所述保护套筒能在所述针(12)上滑动并且适合被固定在它覆盖所述针的末梢的位置,所述针的特征在于,所述保护套筒(20)具有包围所述针(12)的管状突出部(22)并且构造成连同所述针(12)一起刺穿所述患者的皮肤。

Description

用于医疗应用的针
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于刺穿患者皮肤的针,该针包括套筒,该套筒可在针上滑动并且适合被固定在它覆盖针末梢的位置。
背景技术
医用注射器通常包含医务人员自己被针伤害并感染的风险。为此,已知为针设置保护套筒,该套筒在使用后使针的末梢突出。
DE 20 2009 011 253 U1公开了一种带有上述类型的针的注射器,该注射器专门指定用于所谓的永久静脉插管。该插管具有柔性导管,该导管的近端连接到注射阀。为了施加插管,推动注射器的针穿过导管,并且通常将两者导入患者的静脉内。随后抽出注射器,而导管和注射阀保留在患者体内。最初,保护套筒与注射阀摩擦接合,使得当针被拔出时它将朝针的末梢区域移位。柔性张紧部件将保护套筒与注射器的外壳连接并从而防止套筒从针完全被取下。此外,保护套筒包括防止套筒在针上被推回到它露出针的末梢的位置的锁定机构。
在这一公知注射器中,保护套筒仅在注射器连同永久静脉插管一起使用时履行其功能。
WO 2006/010393 A1公开了一种注射器,其中,在使用后,可通过拔出注射器的活塞来将针拔出到外壳内。这里,针的末梢仅在活塞在注射器已使用之后被拔出的条件下受到保护。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有改善的操作安全性的针。
发明内容
为了实现这一目的,上述类型的针的保护套筒具有包围针并且适合连同针一起刺穿患者皮肤的管状突出部。
当该针用于注射时,使用针刺穿皮肤,同时针被保护套筒的突出部包围,使得针将连同保护套筒的突出部一起穿透患者的皮肤。当随后针被再次拔出时,管状突出部与患者的组织之间的较大摩擦确保了针将被单独拔出并且保护套筒朝针的梢端移位。随后仅套筒将随针携带,使得突出部也从组织被拔出。然后,套筒被固定在针的末梢上的一个位置,在该位置,套筒可靠地避免任何人被针的末梢伤害到。。保护套筒的突出部可制成柔性的和/或钝的,使得当它不再由针增强并且皮肤未被针末端刺穿时它不会刺穿患者的皮肤。
本发明的有用实施例和更多的开发方案在从属权利要求中指出。
为了将保护套筒固定在针的末梢上,可在套筒内设置锁定机构并且设置仅能伸出至有限长度的张紧部件,以将套筒与注射器的外壳或与连接件——所谓的鲁尔接口锥(Luer cone)——连接,使用该连接件将针联接到注射器的外壳上,类似于上文已经描述并且用于施加永久静脉插管的注射器。可选地,保护套筒朝针的末端的移位范围也可通过针的局部扩大来界定。
在另一实施例中,保护套筒可连接到推压和张紧部件上,该推压和张紧部件被引导在注射器的外壳上滑移并且适合在保护套筒覆盖针末梢的位置扣紧或锁定在外壳上。
附图说明
现在将结合附图更详细地描述示例性实施例,在附图中:
图1在轴向剖面中示出了带有根据本发明的一个实施例的针的注射器的前端部;
图2示出了处于注射后的状态下的图1的注射器;
图3示出了用于图1和2的针的保护套筒的放大剖面;
图4示出了根据经修改的实施例的保护套筒的放大剖面;
图5和6是类似于图1和2的剖视图,但剖切平面与图1和2相比旋转了90°;
图7是沿着图5中的线VII-VII的截面;
图8和9是用于根据另一实施例的针的类似于图1和2的剖视图;
图10是沿着图7中的线X-X的截面;
图11示出了带有用于根据另一实施例的针的拦阻机构的保护套筒;
图12是图11所示的拦阻机构的放大俯视图;
图13示出了带有用于根据又一实施例的针的拦阻机构的保护套筒;以及
图14是图13所示的拦阻机构的放大俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了注射器的外壳10的前端。该注射器的针12被保持在以公知方式联接到外壳10的端口16上的连接件14(鲁尔接口锥)中。
连接件14在其前端形成有容纳保护套筒20的凹部18。
保护套筒20在针12上被可滑动地引导并且具有柔性管状突出部22,该突出部由塑料或金属制成并且包围针12,并且几乎在针的全长上延伸使得它仅在针12的末梢后不远处终止。突出部22的壁厚朝自由端减小使得该突出部的柔性将朝端部增加,除非它从内侧由针12增强。
当应该向患者执行注射时,使用针12的末梢刺穿皮肤,并且将针进一步插入,从而也使通过针增强的突出部22刺入患者的组织中。当注射已完成时,拔出注射器使得针从患者的皮肤被拔出。然而,由于针12与突出部22之间的摩擦小于突出部22与患者的组织之间的摩擦,所以突出部22卡在组织中使得保护套筒20将在针12上移位直到它已到达图2所示的位置,在该位置,它包围并保护针的末梢。
后文将结合图5和6更详细地描述的机构确保保护套筒不能完全从针12被拔出而是保留在图2所示的位置。因此,当针12被进一步拔出时,突出部22也将从患者的皮肤被拉出。
保护套筒20包括防止套筒沿朝向连接件14的方向在针12上被回推的锁定机构24。因此,保护套筒20能可靠地防止任何人被针12的末梢伤害或感染。当针12已被拔出时,突出部22的末梢被减弱到它不构成伤害风险的程度。
锁定机构24的可能结构已在图3中示出。这里,锁定机构由弹簧26形成,该弹簧嵌埋在保护套筒20的主体中并且具有腿28,该腿倾斜地折回并横跨用于针12的导引通路30。腿28的自由端在形成在导引通路20的壁中的台阶32处被止挡并从而防止套筒20被进一步推压到针12上。在图1所示的注射器的初始状态下,腿28折回到弹簧26的主体上并因此被收纳在凹窝34中使得它不占用导引通路30。仅当针12已相对于套筒20被拉回并且针的末梢已经过腿28时,该腿才会弹回到图3所示的位置。
图4示出了根据一个可选实施例的锁定机构24’。弹簧36具有通过弹性接合部38互相连接的两个镜像对称的U形腿。弹簧36被收纳在保护套筒20的腔室40中并且另外还通过接合部38被固定在保护套筒内以防轴向位移。在针12完全充填导引通路30的初始状态下,弹簧36采取已在图4中用虚线示出并且在该位置它不占用导引通路30的位置。当针被拉回时,接合部38使弹簧的下腿倾斜到图4所示的位置,在该位置,如果有人试图回推保护套筒20,则针12的末梢被止挡。弹簧36的上腿的接合针12的部分以稍微超过90°的角度弯曲,使得它不会妨碍针12的回退移动(在图4中向上)。
图5和6在与图1和2中的剖切平面成直角延伸的轴向剖面中示出了注射器。这是为何锁定机构24在此不可见的原因。相反,可见连接件14形成从凹部18的周壁向内突起的突耳42。保持销44从连接件14的下端插入突耳42的孔口并且已被牢固地束缚在该孔口中。类似地,另一保持销46被束缚在保护套筒20的与突耳42径向相对地布置的主体中。两个保持销44和46通过仅在图6和7中可见的细丝48互相连接。如图7所示,该细丝48被嵌入形成在保护套筒20的内侧的腔室50中。该腔室50通过沿轴向穿过的槽连接到用于保持销44和46的孔。
当针12在注射后被拔出时,保护套筒20从连接件14的凹部18离开。这意味着保持销46也从连接件被拔出。然而,另一保持销44保持固定在连接件中使得细丝48伸出。细丝48的长度已被选择成使得保护套筒20仅可被向上拉出到图6所示的位置而不能完全从针12被拉开。
图8至10示出了根据另一实施例的注射器。
该注射器具有外壳10’,在该外壳上,在外周上形成有用于连接到保护套筒20上的推压和张紧部件54的轴向导引件52。如图10所示,推压和张紧部件54具有燕尾榫轮廓并且导引件52由弹性肋部形成,所述弹性肋部具有爪形轮廓并且推压和张紧部件54可在带有携带针12的套筒20的连接件14联接到外壳10上之前被侧向地卡合在其间。推压和张紧部件54在顶端形成肥大的止挡部56,该止挡部邻接导引件52的顶端以便限制可将推压和张紧部件54拉出的长度,如图9所示。此外,推压和张紧部件54具有卡簧58,该卡簧最初如图8所示位于导引件52上方并且当它经过导引件52时能弹性地回退。当保护套筒20到达图9所示的位置时,弹簧58弹回并且然后卡在导引件52的下端,使得它防止套筒20被回推。
图11至14示出了保护套筒具有拦阻机构的保护套筒的实施例,使用该拦阻机构,可将保护套筒直接拦阻在针的末梢以防止在两个方向上的移动。
图11和12中的保护套筒20具有与图3中相似的结构。只是,弹簧26在此情形中在其顶端设置有接片60,并且该接片横跨导引通路30并且具有针12所穿过的圆形孔62。在其末梢后不远的部位,针已在侧向上被压缩而呈扁平化的形状,从而使针在横向上形成椭圆形扩大部64,该扩大部不适合通过孔62并因此限制保护套筒的移位范围。针压缩成扁平形状例如可在套筒已被推压到针上并与连接件14接合之后进行,不会损坏包围针的扁平化部分的突出部22。
在图13和14中,针具有延伸到针的末梢的圆柱形扩大部64’。这一扩大部例如可通过将冲头从梢端插入针中来形成。接片60在此情形中以叉状构型跨置在针上并且可具有向接片的端部开口的U形孔62’。
可选地,扩大部64或64’也可被锁定在导引通路30的收缩部,该收缩部由保护套筒20的塑料材料形成。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于刺穿患者皮肤的针,包括保护套筒(20),所述保护套筒能在所述针(12)上滑动并且适合被固定在它覆盖所述针的末梢的位置,所述针的特征在于,所述保护套筒(20)具有包围所述针(12)的管状突出部(22)并且构造成连同所述针(12)一起刺穿所述患者的皮肤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的针,其中,所述保护套筒(20)在所述针(12)的末梢的方向上的移位范围由柔性张紧部件(48)限制,并且所述保护套筒(20)具有拦阻装置(24;24’),所述拦阻装置在所述套筒(20)覆盖所述针的末梢的位置接合所述针末梢并且防止所述套筒(20)被回推。
3.根据权利要求2所述的针,其中,所述柔性张紧部件(48)将所述套筒(20)连接到连接件(14)上,所述连接件固定地布置在所述针(12)的远端并且适合将所述针联接到注射器的外壳(10)上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的针,具有固定地布置在所述针(12)的远端并且适合将所述针联接到注射器的外壳(10)上的连接件(14),所述连接件在所述突出部(22)的自由端与所述针(12)的末梢齐平或者相对于所述末梢回退的位置具有收纳所述保护套筒(20)的凹部(18)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的针,其中,所述张紧部件(48)将两个保持销(44,46)互相连接,所述保持销中的一个被牢固地保持在所述套筒(20)的孔口中并且所述保持销中的另一个被牢固地保持在所述连接件(14)的孔口中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的针,其中,所述保护套筒(20)在朝向所述针(12)的末梢的方向上的移位范围由所述针(12)的局部扩大部(64;64’)限制,并且所述套筒(20)具有拦阻装置(24;24’),所述拦阻装置在所述套筒(20)覆盖所述针末梢的位置接合所述针末梢并且防止所述套筒(20)被回推。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有针的注射器,其中,为了将所述保护套筒(20)固定在它覆盖所述针末梢的位置,设置了推压和张紧部件(54),所述推压和张紧部件刚性地连接到所述保护套筒(20)上并被引导成在所述注射器的外壳(10’)上轴向移位。
CN2012104535618A 2011-11-18 2012-11-13 用于医疗应用的针 Pending CN103120821A (zh)

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