CN103125415B - Artificial breeding method of tapes dorsatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of tapes dorsatus. The tapes dorsatus are one kind of aquatic products for people in inshore areas to eat constantly, and have great economic benefit. In present, the tapes dorsatus in the market are almost natural wild resources, and few of the tapes dorsatus is artificially bred. In the breeding process of the tapes dorsatus, the offspring seed production technology is the bottleneck which limits development of the tapes dorsatus cultivation, and researches and reports about cultivation of the tapes dorsalus offspring seeds do not appear at present. According to the artificial breeding method, the technical measurements of parent scallop cultivation, artificial induced spawning, artificial hatching, D-shaped larva cultivation and juvenile mollusk cultivation are adopted, and a method of artificial factory breeding of the tapes dorsatus is explored. The induced spawning discharge rate reaches 50%, hatching rate is 80%, and total survival rate reaches 8%-12%. And breakthrough is achieved on the method of artificial factory breeding of the tapes dorsatus. No reports of artificial cultivating tapes dorsatus seeds appear before, and the method is strong in practicability, and has a great facilitation function on development of the tapes dorsatus breeding industry.

Description

The artificial raise seedling method of Tapes dorsatus

Technical field

The artificial raise seedling method that the present invention relates to Tapes dorsatus, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.

Background technology

Tapes dorsatus ( tapes dorsatus) being commonly called as " sand hill spiral shell ", its individuality is larger, and shell is thick, strong adaptability, foot and soft body are muscular, and meat grace is one of frequent edible aquatic products of maritime people, has high economic worth.Tapes dorsatus demand is in the market larger, but existing Tapes dorsatus be all almost wild resource, propagate artificially less, due to wild resource-constrained, seedling rareness, unevenness between supply and demand makes Tapes dorsatus resource be the trend of minimizing gradually.In Tapes dorsatus breeding process, fry production process be the cultivation development of restriction Tapes dorsatus bottleneck, have no at present research and report about Tapes dorsatus seed rearing, about the research of Tapes dorsatus, data both domestic and external is all fewer, the report of rarely seen ecological habit aspect.Therefore, for the research and probe of Tapes dorsatus fingerlings artificial seedling-cultivating method, be, highly significant.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the artificial raise seedling method of Tapes dorsatus, and solving Tapes dorsatus does not have artificial raise seedling method, can only rely on the problem of natural seizure.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, adopt following technical measures, the artificial raise seedling method of Tapes dorsatus, mainly comprises the steps:

(1) cultivate close shellfish: select full mature gonad, body surface color and luster is good, body weight is not less than 60g, the wild Tapes dorsatus in 2-3 age is as close shellfish, water is put into culture pond after cleaning, and moves pond every day once, throw something and feed every day fresh flat algae and chlorella 3-4 time, every day, feeding volume was ten thousand cell/ml of 10-20, cultivated 4-7 days;

(2) artificial induced spawning: when female shellfish sexual gland is ecru, male shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, the whole visceral mass of full encirclement is ripe close shellfish, close shellfish is put into lucifuge case, and the ratio of male and female shellfish is 5-10:1, in lucifuge case, keeps 20-25 DEG C by ice bag control temperature, the 1-2 hour that dries in the shade lowers the temperature, use again stimulation by running water parent shellfish 1-2 hour, 1-2 time repeatedly, put into the breeding pond of 29-33 DEG C with the density of 20-30/cubic meter seawater and hasten parturition;

(3) artificial incubation: first allow male shellfish discharge vaporific sperm 4-8 minute in breeding pond, in the time that female shellfish starts to produce graininess ovum, immediately male shellfish and female shellfish are all moved on to spawning pond, added in advance 0.5 × 10 in spawning pond ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt, when ovum density is 10-20/ml, can move to close shellfish in other spawning pond, to continue ejaculation and lay eggs when ovum has 3-5 sperm around; Ovulation finishes rear inflation makes fertilized egg in half suspended state; Need at most to wash ovum if sperm is crossed, leave standstill and within 30-50 minute, treat ovum precipitation, discharge upper strata seawater, add fresh seawater, drag for away foam, repeat this process 2-3 time;

(4) " D " type larval culture: the development of fertilized ova stranded young that is in line after 16-22 hour, i.e. " D " type young, with cultivating in the young point pond that 300 mesh sieve tulle bags are collected in seawater at the middle and upper levels, density is 8-10/ml, the Micro Algae bait of throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 time, the weight ratio of throwing something and feeding for 1-4 days is Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros and the flat algae of 10:2:1, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 2-4, after the 5th day, transfer flat algae and chlorella that the weight ratio of throwing something and feeding is 10:5 to, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 8-12; Larval growth carries out 1-2 time point of pond after the shell top middle and later periods, and controlling density is 5-8/ml; Nurturing period dissolved oxygen in water is not less than 6.5mg/L, at the shell top initial stage, adds 0.5 × 10 ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt, changes water 20% every day, and during larval growth pushes up to shell, after date no longer adds Benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and EDETATE SODIUM salt, changes water 60% every day; Larval growth, after the shell top later stage, is thrown in adherance;

(5) juvenile mollusk is cultivated: the young all adheres to complete, in water body during without floating larva, carry out exchanged water by passing into circulating water every day, quantity of exchanged water 60%-70%, throw something and feed every day 2-3 flat algae and chlorella, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 15-20, cultivates 20-30 days, obtains the Tapes dorsatus commodity seedling of the long 2-6 millimeter of body;

Described water refers to after sand filter filtering-depositing, with 1-2PPM chlorine-containing disinfectant sterilization 24 hours, in and seawater after chlorine residue;

Described adherance refers to area 200-400 square centimeter, and 10-12 sheet is parallel conspires to create a string plastic sheet;

The temperature of the described seawater used of growing seedlings is 25-33 DEG C, salinity 26 ‰-35 ‰, and pH8.0-8.6, illumination is not more than 800Lx.

Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, technological process science is simple, workable.The present invention has adopted close shellfish to cultivate, artificial induced spawning, and artificial incubation, " D " type larval culture, the step that juvenile mollusk is cultivated, the emission index of hastening parturition reaches 50%, incubation rate 80%, total survival rate reaches 8-12%, has realized the breakthrough on Tapes dorsatus factorial seedling-culturing method.The report of growing seedlings there are no artificial culture Tapes dorsatus before this, the present invention is practical, and the development of Tapes dorsatus aquaculture is had to great facilitation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

(1) cultivate close shellfish: in April, 2011, from the wild Tapes dorsatus of just fishing for up, select individual large, shell color and luster is beautiful, 75 jin of the high-quality of gonad maturity parent shellfishes, put into the culture pond of 1.5 meters of the pond depth of waters, control during this time ocean temperature 26-29 DEG C, salinity 26 ‰-30 ‰, move pond every day 1 time, the flat algae of throwing something and feeding 2 times, a day feeding volume is 150,000 cells/ml.

(2) artificial induced spawning: support temporarily after 4-7 days, reject and support temporarily the bad close shellfish of state in process, select wherein 65 jin of high-quality parent shellfishes, in 23 DEG C of cooling box, dry in the shade 1 hour, it is the filtering sea stimulation by running water 2 hours of 26 DEG C by water temperature, put into 29 DEG C of seawater ponds and hasten parturition, artificial induction parent shellfish discharge ovum and sperm.

(3) artificial incubation: first allow male shellfish discharge vaporific sperm 4 minutes, when female shellfish starts to produce graininess ovum, male close shellfish and female close shellfish are moved to spawning pond, for preventing the impact on hatching of bacterium, metal ion and microorganism, spawning pond has added 0.5 × 10 in advance ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt.After laying eggs 10 minutes, in seawater, ovum density is about 15 every milliliter, and close shellfish is transferred to and in other spawning pond, continues ejaculation and lay eggs.This fertilization do not find ovum around sperm adhere to too much, micro-inflation makes fertilized egg in half suspended state.

(4) " D " type larval culture: after 18 hours, microscopy fertilized egg has developed into the stranded young of straight line, i.e. " D " type young, size is about 100 microns.With 300 mesh sieve tulle bags, collect high-quality " D " the type young in seawater at the middle and upper levels with the method for siphon, to put into respectively the nursery pond of 1.5 meters of 20 square metres of depth of waters of 8 floor spaces and cultivate, nursery pond also needs to add 0.5 × 10 ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt.The Micro Algae bait of throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 time, within 1-4 days, taking Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros as main, flat algae is auxiliary, and weight ratio is 10:2:1, and bait throwing in total amount is ten thousand cell/ml of 2-4, and the later stage is thrown in flat algae and the chlorella of ten thousand cell/ml of 8-12, and weight ratio is 10: 5.Larval culture density is controlled at 5-8 ml, grows into the shell top middle and later periods to carry out 2 point ponds cultivations.More than nurturing period dissolved oxygen in water reaches 6.5mg/L, change water 20% every day, the middle and later periods increases to 60%.While pushing up the later stage through the cultivation larval growths of 9 days to shell, visible eyespot and byssus under microscope, the plastic sheet of now throwing in connection bunchiness guides its metamorphosis to adhere to as adherance.

(5) juvenile mollusk is cultivated: throw in adherance after the 3rd day, in water body, floating larva all adheres to completely, and carry out exchanged water by passing into circulating water every day, quantity of exchanged water 60%-70%.Throw something and feed every day 2-3 flat algae and chlorella, feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 15-20, the nurturing period is controlled water temperature 26-29 DEG C, salinity 26 ‰-30 ‰.Through cultivation in 26 days, juvenile mollusk commodity seedling was advocated and is reached 2-6 millimeter.

(6) cultivate result: this is grown seedlings through above step, and the total survival rate of artificial breeding has reached 10%, the output of seedling of average every square metre of unit are reaches 3.25 ten thousand, successfully cultivates 5,200,000 of the Tapes dorsatus artificial seeds of specification 2-6 millimeter.

Claims (1)

1. the artificial raise seedling method of Tapes dorsatus, is characterized in that the artificial raise seedling method of described Tapes dorsatus mainly comprises the steps:

(1) cultivate close shellfish: select full mature gonad, body surface color and luster is good, body weight is not less than 60g, the wild Tapes dorsatus in 2-3 age is as close shellfish, water is put into culture pond after cleaning, and moves pond every day once, throw something and feed every day fresh flat algae and chlorella 3-4 time, every day, feeding volume was ten thousand cell/ml of 10-20, cultivated 4-7 days;

(2) artificial induced spawning: when female shellfish sexual gland is ecru, male shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, the whole visceral mass of full encirclement is ripe close shellfish, close shellfish is put into lucifuge case, and the ratio of male and female shellfish is 5-10:1, in lucifuge case, keeps 20-25 DEG C by ice bag control temperature, the 1-2 hour that dries in the shade lowers the temperature, use again stimulation by running water parent shellfish 1-2 hour, 1-2 time repeatedly, put into the breeding pond of 29-33 DEG C with the density of 20-30/cubic meter seawater and hasten parturition;

(3) artificial incubation: first allow male shellfish discharge vaporific sperm 4-8 minute in breeding pond, in the time that female shellfish starts to produce graininess ovum, immediately male shellfish and female shellfish are all moved on to spawning pond, added in advance 0.5 × 10 in spawning pond ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt, when ovum density is 10-20/ml, can move to close shellfish in other spawning pond, to continue ejaculation and lay eggs when ovum has 3-5 sperm around; Ovulation finishes rear inflation makes fertilized egg in half suspended state; Need at most to wash ovum if sperm is crossed, leave standstill and within 30-50 minute, treat ovum precipitation, discharge upper strata seawater, add fresh seawater, drag for away foam, repeat this process 2-3 time;

(4) " D " type larval culture: the development of fertilized ova stranded young that is in line after 16-22 hour, i.e. " D " type young, with cultivating in the young point pond that 300 mesh sieve tulle bags are collected in seawater at the middle and upper levels, density is 8-10/ml, the Micro Algae bait of throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 time, the weight ratio of throwing something and feeding for 1-4 days is Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros and the flat algae of 10:2:1, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 2-4, after the 5th day, transfer flat algae and chlorella that the weight ratio of throwing something and feeding is 10:5 to, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 8-12; Larval growth carries out 1-2 time point of pond after the shell top middle and later periods, and controlling density is 5-8/ml; Nurturing period dissolved oxygen in water is not less than 6.5mg/L, at the shell top initial stage, adds 0.5 × 10 ^-6benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and 5 × 10 ^-6eDETATE SODIUM salt, changes water 20% every day, and during larval growth pushes up to shell, after date no longer adds Benzylpenicillin sodium salt and streptomycin sulphate sodium and EDETATE SODIUM salt, changes water 60% every day; Larval growth, after the shell top later stage, is thrown in adherance;

(5) juvenile mollusk is cultivated: the young all adheres to complete, in water body during without floating larva, carry out exchanged water by passing into circulating water every day, quantity of exchanged water 60%-70%, throw something and feed every day 2-3 flat algae and chlorella, total feeding volume is ten thousand cell/ml of 15-20, cultivates 20-30 days, obtains the Tapes dorsatus commodity seedling of the long 2-6 millimeter of body;

Described water refers to after sand filter filtering-depositing, with 1-2PPM chlorine-containing disinfectant sterilization 24 hours, in and seawater after chlorine residue;

Described adherance refers to area 200-400 square centimeter, and 10-12 sheet is parallel conspires to create a string plastic sheet;

The temperature of the described seawater used of growing seedlings is 25-33 DEG C, salinity 26 ‰-35 ‰, and pH8.0-8.6, illumination is not more than 800Lx.