CN103114953A - Mixed-flow type water turbine reversed S-shaped rotating wheel with long and short blades - Google Patents
Mixed-flow type water turbine reversed S-shaped rotating wheel with long and short blades Download PDFInfo
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- CN103114953A CN103114953A CN2012105246526A CN201210524652A CN103114953A CN 103114953 A CN103114953 A CN 103114953A CN 2012105246526 A CN2012105246526 A CN 2012105246526A CN 201210524652 A CN201210524652 A CN 201210524652A CN 103114953 A CN103114953 A CN 103114953A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed-flow type water turbine reversed S-shaped rotating wheel which comprises a runner crown, a lower ring and a plurality of long blades and short blades connected between the runner crown and the lower ring. Water inlet sides of the blades are in a reversed S shape, through the optimizations of parameters such as wrap angles of the long blades and the short blades and inlet-and-outlet angles of the blades, the length of an axial surface flow channel of the short blades and the size of the opening from the short blades to an opening on the back side of adjacent long blades, tail pipe pressure pulsation under the condition of partial load is greatly lowered, the diameter of a rotating wheel is reduced, and thus the efficiency of the rotating wheel is improved, the flow states of a blade inlet in small flow and in large flow are improved, and meanwhile, the fact that the head portion of a water inlet side is small is guaranteed, and thus higher optimum efficiency is obtained, blades are lengthened, and thus a more broad high efficient operation range is achieved, runner-crown type line shapes and lower-ring type line shapes on specific blades are in a reversed S shape, the flow velocity of an outlet is lowered, the flow state in the rotating wheel is improved, and operation stability of a unit is improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel.
Technical background:
In recent years, particularly after the technology transfer of Three Gorges, the Francis turbine the Hydraulic Design level of China had had significant progress.But along with the development of technology, also progressively improve the efficient of Francis turbine and the requirement of stability in each power station both at home and abroad.For small flow, large flow and optimum operating condition, the aspect, power station needs the runner energy characteristics to have more wide in range range of operation, namely has higher energy indexes.Cavitation and pressure pulsation to blade have proposed higher requirement.Simultaneously because a lot of power head luffings are larger, runner will move under different head sections, and this has just determined that unit will inevitably operate under many circumstances and depart under working condition, and this will make runner cavitation and Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube become very serious.
Rotary wheel of water turbine is because its runner diameter is bigger than normal, thereby causes its disc friction losses to increase, and greatly reduces the efficient of water turbine; Simultaneously, higher flow velocity also causes under the sub load condition, and strong sound interference phenomenon appears in the runner import, and the series of problems such as strong pressure pulsation and high-intensity cavitation appear in the draft tube import.In such power station, if use conventional rotary wheel of water turbine, not only the runner efficiency level is on the low side, but also can bring serious instability problem to unit operation.Existing Francis Turbine Blade is generally common blade and negative incidence blade.The common blade plan view as shown in Figure 4, its water inlet limit 4 be straight line or parabola, only have at most a flex point.Negative incidence blade plan view as shown in Figure 5, its water inlet limit 4 be straight line or parabola, only have at most a flex point.
Summary of the invention: the object of the invention is to disclose the Francis turbine reverse S type deviated splitter vane that a kind of high-efficiency operation improves stability simultaneously.technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel, comprise a crown (1), under one, ring (3) and several are connected to the deviated splitter vane (2) between crown (1) and lower ring (3), each blade all has one over against water inlet limit (4) and the outlet edge over against the downstream (5) of water turbine upstream deflector, it is characterized in that: the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) from the A point to the D point with two flex points, be that the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) is with P1, two flex points of P2, the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) is reverse " S " type, the crown molded line (6) of blade (2) is the intersection of blade and crown, from the D point to the C point with two flex points, namely the crown molded line (6) of blade (2) is with S1, two flex points of S2, crown molded line (6) presents oppositely " S " type, the lower ring-like line (7) of blade (2) is the intersection of blade and lower ring, from the A point to the B point with two flex points, the lower ring-like line (7) of blade (2) has X1, two flex points of X2, lower ring-like line (7) presents oppositely " S " type, the blade related point, the definition of line: some A is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit (4) and lower ring (3), point B is the intersection point of blade outlet (5) and lower ring (3), point C is the intersection point of blade outlet (5) and crown (1), point D is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit (4) and crown (1), line AD is the water inlet limit (4) of blade, line BC is the outlet edge (5) of blade.
The hydraulic performance that linear leaf wrap angle L of the present invention requires to reach according to runner is optimized definite, and the cornerite of short blade is determined in the following manner: θ S/ θ L=0.35 ~ 0.45.Linear leaf inlet angle β L2 is not identical with short blade inlet angle β S2 size, difference Δ β 2=β L2-β S2 both, and Δ β 2 sizes are relevant with the ratio size of θ S/ θ L, and θ S/ θ L ratio is larger, and Δ β 2 is less.Short blade axial plane length is determined by the ratio of short blade axial plane center line of flow path GH and linear leaf axial plane center line of flow path GK: GH/GK=0.60 ~ 0.70.Short blade is to linear leaf suction surface opening a0 and short blade wrap angle S and two relating to parameters of short blade axial plane center line of flow path GH, and the a0 value wants enough little just can play corresponding effect, and θ S is less, GH length is shorter, and the a0 value is just less.Pitch θ p size between adjacent blades is identical.The Francis turbine long-short blade rotating wheel number of blade is: 13 linear leafs and 13 short blades, perhaps 15 linear leafs and 15 short blades.
Intake by change and improve stability when the limit shape realizes having broader high-efficiency operation scope; By the optimal design to Francis turbine linear leaf and short blade, alleviate the problem of Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube under partial load condition, alleviate high head, large capacity hydroelectric machine inlet cavitation problem, improve the hydraulic turbine operation scope; The deviated splitter vane design makes the number of blade double, has reduced to greatest extent single blade stress load, has improved the bulk strength performance of runner, thereby may be used on more high head scope, and namely 200 meters heads from original application expand 300 meters heads to; Be the shape of the lower ring-like line (blade and lower ring intersection) of the shape of the crown molded line (blade and crown intersection) of blade radial length, special blade and special blade, improve efficient and the stability of runner.
Working principle of the present invention is: water turbine is that the transformation of energy with current is the device of mechanical energy.Reaction turbine has utilized potential energy and the kinetic energy of current.Current are full of the runner of whole water turbine, and whole runner is that the press seal closed system is arranged, and current are that pressure flow is moving, and current are along the water inlet of runner cylindrical complete cycle, reduce gradually from the foreign paper outlet water flow pressure of runner.The water impact turbine runner blade, its inertial force effect causes the power that acts on blade, conversely, blade changes speed (direction or size), the pressure of current.
According to the present invention, water inlet limit anti-S type length runner bucket reasonable in design can make Francis turbine benefit in the following areas.
1, turbine efficiency
(1) blade water inlet limit is instead " S " type, incoming flow when its middle and lower part adapts to small flow, incoming flow when its middle and upper part adapts to large flow, thereby the fluidised form of blade import when improving simultaneously small flow and large flow.Could keep like this water inlet end section little, be conducive to improve the runner optimum hydraulic efficiency.Water inlet limit A, the D of blade increases with the ratio of nominal diameter φ with outlet edge B, C arc length, be equivalent to lengthened blades, increase the acting area, improve energy transformation ratio, realization has broader high-efficiency operation scope, realizes that namely the power station all has high efficiency performance index in the operating conditions of small flow, large flow and optimum operating condition.
(2) shape of the crown molded line of blade (blade and crown intersection), larger on the impact of the turbine efficiency of large flow, increased near the pressure reduction of blade pressure surface and suction surface crown, be conducive to the raising of runner efficiency.Simultaneously, reduce exit velocity, improve fluidised form in runner.
(3) shape of the lower ring-like line of blade (blade and lower ring intersection), larger to water turbine small flow effectiveness affects, increased the pressure reduction of near the blade pressure surface of time ring and suction surface, is conducive to the raising of runner efficiency.Simultaneously, reduce exit velocity, improve fluidised form in runner.
(4) the long-short blade rotating wheel design can reduce its diameter, thereby reduces the complete machine size, and then reduces the manufacturing of runner cost, reduces the power station excavated volume, brings a series of economic benefit; And runner diameter reduce disc friction losses is reduced, thereby improve the efficient of runner.
(5) model test of hydraulic turbine shows: the anti-S type deviated splitter vane with lower ring-like line (blade and lower ring intersection) of the crown molded line (blade and crown intersection) of blade water inlet limit, blade of Reasonable Shape and blade, can make the water turbine optimum efficiency improve 5 ~ 10 ‰, and small flow and large flow turbine efficiency are increased substantially.
2, hydraulic turbine stability
(1) practice shows: annular liquid flow at the runner exit and Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube, direct relation is arranged, and be the important indicator of weighing hydraulic turbine stability.The alteration of form of the lower ring-like line of the shape of the crown molded line of blade (blade and crown intersection) and special blade (blade and lower ring intersection), deviated splitter vane design in addition, the outlet edge shape is changed thereupon, blade loading reduces, thereby the circular rector that is controlled at outlet of rotary wheel when departing from optimum operating condition distributes, fundamentally avoid energy accumulating, realize reducing the pressure pulsation in draft tube, improve the stability of unit operation.Due to lengthened vanes, reduce the blade surface flow velocity simultaneously, therefore helped to improve set steady.
(2) in the range of operation of sub load, the Secondary Flow that flows to the runner lower ring side reduces, and the eddy current rate also reduces, and wherein the eddy current rate is defined as the ratio of moment of momentum and axial momentum.The pressure pulsation at eddy current rate and draft tube place is closely related, the reduction that reduces to bring Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube of eddy current rate.
(3) runner diameter and blade angle reduce water turbine operating mode lower blade import flow angle is changed reduce, thereby improve the Cavitation Characteristics of runner import.
(4) deviated splitter vane design makes the number of blade double, has reduced to greatest extent single blade stress load, has improved the bulk strength performance of runner, thereby may be used on more high head scope, and namely 200 meters heads from original application expand 350 meters heads to.
Description of drawings:
The anti-S type of Fig. 1 Francis turbine deviated splitter vane axial plane structural representation
The anti-S type of Fig. 2 Francis turbine deviated splitter vane plane structure schematic diagram
Fig. 3 long-short blade rotating wheel for mixed flow pump turbine erection drawing
The conventional runner bucket plan view of Fig. 4 Francis turbine
Fig. 5 Francis turbine negative incidence runner bucket plan view
The anti-S type of Fig. 6 Francis turbine long-short blade rotating wheel blade plan view
The anti-S type of Fig. 7 Francis turbine long-short blade rotating wheel blade stereogram
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel, comprise that ring 3 under a crown 1, and several are connected to the deviated splitter vane 2 between crown 1 and lower ring 3, each blade all has one over against water inlet limit 4 and the outlet edge 5 over against the downstream of water turbine upstream deflector, it is characterized in that: the water inlet limit 4 of blade 2 from the A point to the D point with two flex points, be the water inlet limit 4 of blade 2 with P1, two flex points of P2, the water inlet limit 4 of blade 2 is reverse " S " type; The crown molded line 6 of blade 2 is the intersection of blade and crown, from the D point to the C point with two flex points, as shown in Figure 5, namely the crown molded line 6 of blade 2 is with S1, two flex points of S2, crown molded line 6 presents oppositely " S " type; The intersection that the lower ring-like line 7 of blade 2 is blade and lower ring, from the A point to the B point with two flex points, the lower ring-like line 7 of blade 2 has X1, two flex points of X2, lower ring-like line 7 presents oppositely " S " type, the definition of blade related point, line: some A is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit 4 and lower ring 3, point B is the intersection point of blade outlet 5 and lower ring 3, point C is the intersection point of blade outlet 5 and crown 1, point D is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit 4 and crown 1, line AD is the water inlet limit 4 of blade, and line BC is the outlet edge 5 of blade.
The quantitative range of described blade: 13 linear leafs and 13 short blades; Perhaps 14 linear leafs and 14 short blades; Perhaps 15 linear leafs and 15 short blades.
Linear leaf wrap angle L is optimized definite according to the hydraulic performance that runner requires to reach, the wrap angle S of short blade determines in the following manner: θ S/ θ L=0.35 ~ 0.45, linear leaf inlet angle β L2 is not identical with short blade inlet angle β S2 size, difference Δ β 2=β L2-β S2 both, short blade axial plane length is determined by the ratio of short blade axial plane center line of flow path GH and linear leaf axial plane center line of flow path GK: GH/GK=0.60 ~ 0.7.
Each technical parameter and part description shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7:
β 1: blade outlet angle;
β L2: linear leaf inlet angle;
β S2: short blade inlet angle;
θ L: linear leaf cornerite;
θ S: short blade cornerite;
θ p: vanepiston;
A0: short blade is to linear leaf suction surface opening;
AD: the limit intakes
BC: linear leaf outlet edge
EF: short blade outlet edge
GH: short blade axial plane center line of flow path
GK: linear leaf axial plane center line of flow path
1: crown
2: deviated splitter vane
3: lower ring
4: the limit intakes
5: outlet edge
6: linear leaf
7: short blade
1. the anti-S type design of runner bucket
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention includes ring 3 under a crown 1, and several and be connected to three-dimensional twisted blade 2 between crown 1 and lower ring 3, each blade has one over against the water inlet limit 4 of water turbine upstream deflector with over against the outlet edge 5 in downstream.In Fig. 1, ABCD is that the axial plane figure of blade is that blade rotary projects to a figure that forms through the plane of water turbine center of rotation Z, and φ is the diameter (being called again nominal diameter) that A is ordered, and P represents influent side, and O represents water outlet side, and Z represents the water turbine center of rotation.The definition of blade related point, line: some A is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit 4 and lower ring 3, point B is the intersection point of blade outlet 5 and lower ring 3, point C is the intersection point of blade outlet 5 and crown 1, point D is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit 4 and crown 1, line AD is the water inlet limit 4 of blade, and line BC is the outlet edge 5 of blade.
The water inlet limit 4 of blade 2 has two flex points from the A point to the D point.In Fig. 6, two flex points lay respectively at the both sides of straight line AD, take the A point as starting point, and from the A point along water inlet limit 4 operations, a flex point of first passing through straight line AD right side, a flex point of then passing through straight line AD left side arrives the D point at last.There are P1, two flex points of P2 in the water inlet limit 4 that shows blade 2 in Fig. 7, and is significantly anti-" S " type;
Crown molded line 6(blade and the crown intersection of blade 2) to the C point, two flex points are arranged from the D point.In Fig. 6, two flex points lay respectively at the both sides of straight line DC, take D as starting point, and from the D point along vacuum side of blade and 6 operations of crown intersection, a flex point of first passing through straight line DC right side, a flex point of then passing through straight line DC left side arrives the C point at last.The crown molded line 6 that shows blade 2 in Fig. 7 has S1, two flex points of S2, and slightly is anti-" S " type;
The lower ring-like line 7(blade of blade 2 and lower ring intersection) to the B point, two flex points are arranged from the A point.In Fig. 6, two flex points lay respectively at the both sides of straight line AB, take A as starting point, and from the A point along front side of vane or the back side and 7 operations of lower ring intersection, a flex point of first passing through straight line AB right side, a flex point of then passing through straight line AB left side arrives the B point at last.The lower ring-like line 7 that shows blade 2 in Fig. 7 has X1, two flex points of X2, and slightly is anti-" S " type.
2. deviated splitter vane design.
In the Hydraulic Design of Francis turbine long-short blade rotating wheel, because linear leaf plays a decisive role to the runner cavitation performance, therefore at first the parameters of linear leaf is optimized.By wrap angle L and the blade outlet angle β 1 that adjusts linear leaf in Fig. 2, the cavitation performance of runner is met the demands, by the inlet blade angle β L2 that adjusts linear leaf, the range of operation of runner is met the demands.At this moment, determine wrap angle S and the inlet blade angle β S2 of short blade according to linear leaf wrap angle L and inlet blade angle β L2, thereby design the preliminary aerofoil profile of short blade.Then, obtain short blade to linear leaf suction surface opening a0, the a0 size is estimated, if its value is excessive, can a0 be diminished by the length of adjustment short blade axial plane center line of flow path GH and the size of its wrap angle S value, in adjusting the a0 process, notice that the variation of short blade wrap angle S value is on the impact of inlet cavitation and range of operation.All design processes all adopt the method for CFD numerical simulation to carry out combined calculation to linear leaf and short blade.After the CFD numerical simulation, can be according to design data, process water chief engineer's short blade model runner carries out model test to it, further estimates its performance, also its design result is carried out final evaluation simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1. Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel, comprise that ring (3) under a crown (1), and several are connected to the deviated splitter vane (2) between crown (1) and lower ring (3), each blade all has one over against water inlet limit (4) and the outlet edge over against the downstream (5) of water turbine upstream deflector, it is characterized in that: the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) from the A point to the D point with two flex points, be the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) with P1, two flex points of P2, the water inlet limit (4) of blade (2) is reverse " S " type, the crown molded line (6) of blade (2) is the intersection of blade and crown, from the D point to the C point with two flex points, namely the crown molded line (6) of blade (2) is with S1, two flex points of S2, crown molded line (6) presents oppositely " S " type, the lower ring-like line (7) of blade (2) is the intersection of blade and lower ring, from the A point to the B point with two flex points, the lower ring-like line (7) of blade (2) has X1, two flex points of X2, lower ring-like line (7) presents oppositely " S " type, the blade related point, the definition of line: some A is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit (4) and lower ring (3), point B is the intersection point of blade outlet (5) and lower ring (3), point C is the intersection point of blade outlet (5) and crown (1), point D is the intersection point of blade water inlet limit (4) and crown (1), line AD is the water inlet limit (4) of blade, line BC is the outlet edge (5) of blade.
2. a kind of Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantitative range of described blade: 13 linear leafs and 13 short blades; Perhaps 14 linear leafs and 14 short blades; Perhaps 15 linear leafs and 15 short blades.
3. a kind of Francis turbine reverse S type long-short blade rotating wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: linear leaf wrap angle L is optimized definite according to the hydraulic performance that runner requires to reach, the wrap angle S of short blade determines in the following manner: θ S/ θ L=0.35 ~ 0.45, linear leaf inlet angle β L2 is not identical with short blade inlet angle β S2 size, difference Δ β 2=β L2-β S2 both, short blade axial plane length is determined by the ratio of short blade axial plane center line of flow path GH and linear leaf axial plane center line of flow path GK: GH/GK=0.60 ~ 0.7.
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| CN2012105246526A CN103114953A (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2012-12-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine reversed S-shaped rotating wheel with long and short blades |
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| CN2012105246526A CN103114953A (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2012-12-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine reversed S-shaped rotating wheel with long and short blades |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Mixed-flow type water pump turbine |
| CN107076101A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2017-08-18 | 安德里兹水利有限公司 | Francis turbine with short blade and short lower ring |
| CN109185011A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing pump turbine rotary wheel model test method |
| CN110439724A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-12 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | A kind of francis turbine runner for hydraulic |
| CN116220987A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-06-06 | 江苏大学 | Reel type sprinkler integrated speed-adjustable water turbine and speed adjusting method thereof |
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| US5997242A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-12-07 | Alden Research Laboratory, Inc. | Hydraulic turbine |
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| CN201255070Y (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-06-10 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Reversing s-shaped runner for francis turbine |
| JP2010090720A (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-22 | Toshiba Corp | Hydraulic machine |
| CN102364083A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-02-29 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Long-short blade rotating wheel for mixed flow pump turbine |
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| JPH03206362A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-09-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Francis turbine runner |
| US5997242A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-12-07 | Alden Research Laboratory, Inc. | Hydraulic turbine |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Mixed-flow type water pump turbine |
| CN107076101A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2017-08-18 | 安德里兹水利有限公司 | Francis turbine with short blade and short lower ring |
| CN109185011A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing pump turbine rotary wheel model test method |
| CN110439724A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-12 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | A kind of francis turbine runner for hydraulic |
| CN116220987A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-06-06 | 江苏大学 | Reel type sprinkler integrated speed-adjustable water turbine and speed adjusting method thereof |
| CN116220987B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-22 | 江苏大学 | Reel type sprinkler integrated speed-adjustable water turbine and speed adjusting method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130522 |