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CN103109252A - 使用声学超声阻抗描记术的用于指向装置的方法和系统 - Google Patents

使用声学超声阻抗描记术的用于指向装置的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN103109252A
CN103109252A CN201180029665XA CN201180029665A CN103109252A CN 103109252 A CN103109252 A CN 103109252A CN 201180029665X A CN201180029665X A CN 201180029665XA CN 201180029665 A CN201180029665 A CN 201180029665A CN 103109252 A CN103109252 A CN 103109252A
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sensor
finger
touch
computer
pointing device
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R·欧文
O·加洛米
R·A·科洛普
R·M·施密特
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Sonavation Inc
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Sonavation Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03547Touch pads, in which fingers can move on a surface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0414Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using force sensing means to determine a position
    • G06F3/04144Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using force sensing means to determine a position using an array of force sensing means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/043Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using propagating acoustic waves
    • G06F3/0436Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using propagating acoustic waves in which generating transducers and detecting transducers are attached to a single acoustic waves transmission substrate
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/033Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
    • G06F2203/0338Fingerprint track pad, i.e. fingerprint sensor used as pointing device tracking the fingertip image

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)

Abstract

使用声学超声阻抗描记术的用于指向装置的方法和系统。本发明包含一种新颖的指向装置,它使用声学超声阻抗描记术作为定位手指位置的手段,然后使用所述定位,控制计算机屏上光标的位置。此外,在手指正在触摸传感器的同时,该触摸压力强度能够通过统计数据评估被估算,以平均亮度随触摸压力的增加而下降的方式,提供用于手势表示的手段。该新装置的优点是,它能够兼作生物测量学的识别装置,用于核对该计算机的用户的身份。

Description

使用声学超声阻抗描记术的用于指向装置的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及人类接口装置。更具体地,本发明涉及使用声学超声阻抗描记术装置以控制计算机屏上的光标或指针的位置。
背景技术
在计算机技术中,指向装置是人类接口装置,它允许用户向计算机输入空间数据。许多计算机应用,特别是那些利用图形用户接口(GUI)的应用,允许用户使用体手势控制计算机并向计算机提供数据。这些手势(例如,指向、点击和拖动)是通过移动手持鼠标跨越物理桌面的表面并启动鼠标上的开关而产生的。指向装置的移动通过指针(或光标)的移动和其他可视变化回应在屏上。
虽然最最普通的指向装置显然是鼠标,但不是总能使用鼠标装置定位光标。手持计算机、个人数字助手(PDA)和“智能电话”是计算机系统的例子,其中由于尺寸和其他物理限制,使用常用鼠标装置是行不通的。在这些情况下,最好使用更小型的指向装置,诸如跟踪球或触摸板。
触摸板是人类接口装置(HID),由能够把用户的手指的移动和位置翻译成屏上的相对位置的专用表面构成。现代的触摸板还能够与指示笔指向装置以及那些由红外供电无需体接触,但在离触摸板的表面某一极小范围距离上正好识别手和手指移动的指向装置一起被使用。随着掌上计算机、膝上计算机、移动智能电话(类似于Apple Inc.发售的iPhone)的引入,以及标准触摸板装置驱动器的可用性进入Symbian、Mac.OS X、Windows XP和Windows Vista操作系统,触摸板已变得日益大众化。然而,这些现有的触摸板不能提供用户的身份。
因此,需要的是克服上面指出的现有触摸板系统缺陷的方法和系统。
发明内容
本发明的实施例,通过提供一种新颖的指向装置,克服前述的缺陷,该新颖的指向装置使用声学超声阻抗描记术作为定位手指位置的手段,然后使用所述定位,以控制计算机屏上光标的位置。此外,在手指正在触摸传感器的同时,该触摸压力强度(touch-pressure level)能够通过统计数据评估被估算,以平均亮度随触摸压力的增加而下降的方式,提供用于手势表示的手段。该新的装置的优点是,它能够兼作生物测量学的识别装置,用于核对该计算机的用户的身份。在一个小型装置中,身份核对和指向功能相组合,能够在其中尺寸是限制性约束条件的便携式计算机系统或智能电话装置中,有更多优点。
尤其是,本发明的实施例包含测量声学传感器上个人的指尖压痕的形状和定位。在一个实施例中,阻抗测量结果的两个连续阵列被获得。然后,该两个阵列被用数学的互相关分析处理,以计算与触摸该传感器的人类手指的位置相关联的可能位移。
在另一个实施例中,该阻抗测量结果被用傅里叶变换变换到频域。然后,傅里叶变换相位的特殊特征被用于测量声学阵列上手指的定位已经位移多少。该后一种方案在概念上不同于并常常优于基于互相关分析的位移检测方法。
本发明更多的实施例、特征和优点,以及本发明的各个不同实施例的构造和操作,参照附图在下面被详细描述。
附图说明
被本文引用和形成说明书一部分的附图,示出本发明,并与说明书一道进一步起解释本发明原理的作用,并使有关领域的熟练技术人员能制造和使用本发明。
图1是按照本发明实施例构造的示例性传感器。
具体实施方式
虽然本发明在此用说明性实施例描述具体的应用,但应当理解,本发明不限于到此为止。那些本领域熟练技术人员利用本文提供的教导,将认识到本发明和本发明在其中显然有用的另外领域的范围内的另外的修改、应用和实施例。
如上面所指出,本发明的实施例,包含在表面声学超声阻抗描记术概念的基础上改进的感测装置。该改进的装置能够被用于感测生物测量学的数据,诸如指纹。该传感器通过估算大量小感测元件的电阻抗,描绘生物测量学图像,诸如指纹的声学阻抗的图。这些由具体的压电复合物制成的感测元件,能够廉价地大规模地制作,且作为例子,能够在20乘25平方毫米的面积上,提供高达50μm的分辨率。
图1是按照本发明实施例构造的示例性传感器100。传感器100的操作的原理101也被出示。感测元件102被连接到电子处理器芯片104。该芯片转换每一感测元件102的电阻抗,并把它转换为在0和255之间的8比特二进制数。与传感器中全部感测元件相关联的二进制数,其后作为数的阵列被存储在存储器装置中。该处理器芯片104每隔T微秒重复该过程。由此,触摸该传感器的物体的表面声学阻抗中的变化,能够以规则的时间间隔被检测而被测量。
令u(n,m)代表传感器在时间T0获得的与声学阻抗测量结果相关联的二进制数的N乘M阵列,并令v(n,m)代表在稍后时间T1通过测量传感器的表面声学阻抗获得的二进制数的第二阵列。在前面的记号中,第一变元n代表沿水平方向感测元件的指数,而第二变元m代表沿竖直方向感测元件的指数。因此,n=1、2、3、…、N,而m=1、2、3、…、M。
在本发明的第一实施例中,传感器表面上手指的定位中的位移,通过计算下面公式所示的互相关函数而被检测:
C ( p , q ) = Σ m , n u ( n , m ) v ( ( n - p ) , ( m - q ) ) Σ m , n u ( n , m ) 2 × Σ m , n v ( n , m ) 2
上面公式对参数p和q的各个不同值被计算。导致C(p,q)极大值的p和q的具体值,将代表传感器表面上手指的定位中的位移量(分别沿水平和竖直方向)。
声学传感器每次测量与触摸它表面的手指的表面声学阻抗相关联的数的新阵列时,上述过程被重复。这样,指示传感器上手指位置中的潜在位移的p和q的潜在新值,每隔T微秒被获得。这些值被发送到控制模块,该控制模块使用该信息,以控制计算机屏上指针或光标的定位。
在本发明的第二实施例中,传感器表面上手指位置中的位移,使用相位变换(Phase Transform)被计算。在该情形中,数的阵列u(n,m)和v(n,m)首先用称为两维离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的过程,转换为两个数阵列U(ωnm)和V(ωnm)。该过程对数字信号处理科学中的熟练技术人员是熟知的。该新的阵列U(ωnm)和V(ωnm)是复数值的,意思是说,每一阵列项有振幅和相位分量。我们丢弃振幅分量,而使用数学记号Φ(ωnm)和Ψ(ωnm),以分别代表复阵列U(ωnm)和V(ωnm)的相位分量。该PHAse Transform(相位变换)方法使用后两个阵列,以估算声学传感器上手指的定位中的位移。这是通过首先计算如下的积分或它的近似完成的:
D ( p , q ) = ∫ ∫ ω n , ω m cos ( p ω n + q ω m - Φ ( ω n , ω m ) + Ψ ( ω n , ω m ) ) d ω n d ω m
上面的积分对参数p和q的各个不同值被计算。导致D(p,q)极大值的p和q的具体值,代表传感器表面上手指的定位中的估算的位移量(分别沿水平和竖直方向)。
如在第一实施例中已完成的,声学传感器每次测量与触摸它表面的手指的表面声学阻抗相关联的数的新阵列时,上述过程被重复。这样,指示传感器上手指位置中潜在的位移的p和q的潜在新值,每隔T微秒被获得。这些值然后被发送到控制模块,该控制模块使用该信息,以控制计算机屏上指针或光标的定位。
PHAse Transform大大优于第一实施例中描述的互相关方法的优点是,它对抗噪声和各种各样影响传感器测量的声学表面阻抗值的振幅的其他人为因素的健壮性。另外,使用上面的PHAse Transform公式计算分数(即,非整数)位移是非常容易的。
除了漫游进x-和y-方向,触摸压力强度(相对的)还同时从与传感器有效表面接触的指尖面积的阻抗实际值被获得。该压力强度估算能够被用于触发更多活动,诸如调整强度、接通和断开等等。
低触摸压力提供较少的与传感器接触的指纹脊,这由较高的平均亮度评分反映,而较高的压力首先导致更多指纹脊与传感器接触,其次因为指纹脊由触摸压力变得更平坦而导致较宽指纹脊。两种因素使平均亮度的总评分降低。两个值之间的差作为压力开关或作为压力的滑动标尺被利用。平均亮度中单独的差别,由简短的校正过程补偿,其中相应指尖的软的和硬的接触被采取。
结束语
本发明的方法、系统和部件的示例性实施例,已经在此描述。这些示例性实施例是只为说明的目的而被描述的,而不是限制。对本领域熟练技术人员,在本文包含的教导的基础上,其他的实施例将是显而易见的。

Claims (1)

1.一种手势表示装置,包括:
触摸板,用于基于生物测量学图像的移动,提供用于计算机的命令;和
与该触摸板电耦合的传感器,该传感器被配置成感测该生物测量学图像的声学阻抗;
其中该声学阻抗被用于解释该移动的方向并识别用户。
CN201180029665XA 2010-05-14 2011-05-16 使用声学超声阻抗描记术的用于指向装置的方法和系统 Pending CN103109252A (zh)

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PCT/US2011/036674 WO2011143661A2 (en) 2010-05-14 2011-05-16 Methods and systems for pointing device using acoustic impediography

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