CN103088692A - Method for selectively separating lignin and cellulose from lignocellulose biomasses - Google Patents
Method for selectively separating lignin and cellulose from lignocellulose biomasses Download PDFInfo
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- CN103088692A CN103088692A CN2013100380913A CN201310038091A CN103088692A CN 103088692 A CN103088692 A CN 103088692A CN 2013100380913 A CN2013100380913 A CN 2013100380913A CN 201310038091 A CN201310038091 A CN 201310038091A CN 103088692 A CN103088692 A CN 103088692A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for selectively separating lignin and cellulose from lignocellulose biomasses, belonging to the field of chemical engineering extraction. The method comprises the steps of: a. pretreatment of the lignocellulose biomasses; b. dissolution of lignocelluloses and degradation of biomasses; and c. extraction and separation. According to the method, the extraction rate of the lignin reaches above 90%, the recovery rate of ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chroline salt ([Bmim]C1) also reach above 80%, and the cyclic utilization of the ionic liquid can be realized so that production cost is reduced, the lignin and cellulose are simultaneously extracted from the lignocellulose biomasses through control of reaction conditions so that energy consumption is obviously reduced; and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the chemical field extraction and separation technology, relate in particular to Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass.
Background technology
Lignin (1ignin) is the main component that consists of plant skeleton lignocellulose with cellulose (cellulose) and hemicellulose (hemicellulose).According to estimates, the annual whole world reaches 1,500 hundred million tons by the lignin that plant generates, the output of lignin is huge, renewable, biodegradable natural polymer, due to its complex structure, physico-chemical property heterogeneity, separation and Extraction difficulty and easy condensation etc., not yet obtain so far fully effectively utilizing.Lignin is that occurring in nature content is only second to the cellulosic second abundant renewable resource, and reproduction speed is fast, is the abundantest natural aromatic polymer.
The research of lignin utilization has been carried out a century, although occurred small-scale utilization at present, but compare with its quantity that exists, still there is no to find large-scale industrial application of being satisfied with economically, from considerations such as resource and environments, extract lignin composition and the cellulosic technology of separate dissolved from the plants such as living beings, be still valued especially field, because realize that lignin degradation is the target of the degraded product of large-scale commercial applicationsization, must explore economy, environmental protection, feasible lignin separation approach.Simultaneously complex structure, the physicochemical properties heterogeneity of lignin, be easier to again occur oxidation, and in the used time of doing that is subjected to acid, alkali, heat, variation in various degree all can occur lignin structure, even when mechanical treatment lignin originally structure also can change.So the problems such as lignin oxidation, condensation and degraded may destroyedly even occur in the lignin original structure in extraction and separation process, attempt to seek under a kind of temperate condition, new way and the new method of dissolving and separating lignin, thereby realize lignocellulose the renewable waste resources such as living beings abundant comprehensive utilization and extract the suitability for industrialized production of separating lignin, realize the higher value application of lignin.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of mild condition, and technique is simple, and recovery rate is high, can be from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprises the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: lignocellulose-like biomass is pulverized, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 80-110 ℃ of baking oven dry 60-120 minute, it is standby that then expanding treatment gets the lignocellulose-like biomass particle;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15-50g in the flask of 50-500 mL, being placed in 95-105 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5-20 g lignocellulose-like biomass particle to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 90-110 ℃, constantly agitating heating 2-3h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring the watery hydrochloric acid of 5-10% in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.5-4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 5-7h, gets reacting slurry;
C, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add reacting slurry volume 2-8 deionized water doubly, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 1-3h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin.
Described lignocellulose-like biomass comprises sesame stalk, maize straw, peanut shell and peach-pit shell.
Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25-0.4Mpa, and the time is 30-50s.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) provided by the present invention from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method, after living beings are crossed 180 mesh sieves, carry out expanding treatment, remove parcel and the fine and close cellulose crystal region structure of lignin to cellulose and hemicellulose in stalk, cornstalk, peanut shell and walnut shell, the physical arrangement of raw material is changed, increase the effective ratio area of lignocellulose powder dissolving, promote the degraded of wood fiber biomass and the dissolving of lignin;
2) this invention is stirred under 95-105 ℃ with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole villaumite ([Bmim] Cl) ionic liquid and expanded lignocellulose and was processed in 2-3 hour, by reducing the cellulosic degree of polymerization, degree of crystallinity, destroy the binder course of lignin and hemicellulose, slough lignin, increase the effective ratio area of lignocellulose-like biomass powder dissolution etc., improved the recovery rate of lignin, the lignin extraction rate is reached more than 90 percent;
3) in the present invention, the rate of recovery to ionic liquid reaches more than 80 percent, can reach the recycle of ionic liquid, reduce production costs, control by reaction condition, extract simultaneously and isolate lignin and cellulose from lignocellulose-like biomass, obviously reduce aspect energy consumption, be fit to industrialized production;
4) based on early stage to the content analysis of lignin in the different biological materials such as draft/woody, nut take maize straw, sesame stalk, peanut shell, peach-pit shell as material, and test and test by this method, this method also can be carried out to the leftover bits and pieces of this type of lignocellulose plant and agricultural product lignin and cellulosic Selective Separation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 separates the cellulosic infared spectrum of suction filtration thing I from the sesame stalk;
Fig. 2 is the infared spectrum of lignin standard items;
Fig. 3 separates the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin from the sesame stalk;
Fig. 4 separates the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin from maize straw;
Fig. 5 separates the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin from peanut shell;
Fig. 6 separates the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin from walnut shell.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: with the sesame crushed stalk, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 105 ℃ of baking ovens dry 60 minutes, it is standby that then expanding treatment gets the sesame stalk particle;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15g in the flask of 50mL, being placed in 104 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5g sesame stalk particle to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 90 ℃, constantly agitating heating 2h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring 10% watery hydrochloric acid in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.5, continues to add thermal agitation 5h, gets reacting slurry;
C, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, the deionized water that adds 5 times of reacting slurry volumes, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 3h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid 12.8g; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin 0.612g.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25Mpa, and the time is 30s.
Fig. 1, Fig. 3 are the infared spectrum of suction filtration thing I and concentrate II, Fig. 2 is the standard diagram of lignin standard items, accurately take respectively suction filtration thing I, concentrate II and lignin standard items after 2.0 mg vacuumizes, add again approximately 150 mg potassium bromide, put into the sample cell of tablet press machine, be pressed into uniformly transparent film, carry out the FT-IR infrared spectrum measurement.
Can find out from the infrared analysis collection of illustrative plates of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the sesame straw lignin of separation and normal wood quality trace analysis, the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that wherein in the aromatic compound ring, between carbon atom, stretching vibration causes is at 1630.01(s) cm
-1, 1509.79(s) cm
-1, 1463.55 (m) cm
-1, 1422.85 (m) cm
-1, 805.23 (w) cm
-1For three replacements on aromatic ring absorb; The C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1261.36(br.) cm
-1Alkoxyl on aromatic ring is absorbed in 1125.21-1035.35 cm
-1It is a wide and strong absorption band.Different from lignin, the absworption peak of sesame straw lignin is 1735.53 cm
-1, absorb functional group region through infrared analysis at ketone group, therefore contain ketone group in this lignin.
Based on early stage to the content analysis of lignin in the different biological materials such as draft/woody, nut take maize straw, sesame stalk, peanut shell, peach-pit shell as material, utilize National Standard Method to measure respectively the content of their lignin, for the exploitation of biomass energy plant provide scientific basis.The above-mentioned different lignocelluloses content of lignin wherein that records is as shown in the table:
| Lignocellulose-like biomass | Maize straw | The sesame stalk | Peanut shell | The peach-pit shell |
| Lignin (%) | 14.50 | 26.10 | 18.13 | 28.69 |
And then calculate [Bmim] Cl to the recovery rate of lignin:;
；
The rate of recovery of [Bmim] Cl:
Embodiment 2:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: with corn straw smashing, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 80 ℃ of baking ovens dry 60 minutes, then to get corn stalk pellets standby in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15g in the flask of 100mL, being placed in 95 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add the 2.5g corn stalk pellets to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 110 ℃, constantly agitating heating 3h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring 5% watery hydrochloric acid in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 7h, gets reacting slurry;
C, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, the deionized water that adds 2 times of reacting slurry volumes, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 3h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid 12.7g; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin 0.34g.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the time is 50s.
Get as calculated [Bmim] Cl to the recovery rate 93.79% of lignin, the rate of recovery 84.67% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 4 is the infared spectrum of the concentrate II lignin that extracts from maize straw, as can be seen from Figure 4, the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that in the aromatic compound ring of Spruce lignin, between carbon atom, stretching vibration causes is at 1653.34(s) cm
-1, 1500.91.(s) cm
-1, the C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1119.20.(br.) and cm
-1On aromatic ring, substituting group is absorbed in 790.67cm
-1
Embodiment 3:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: peanut shell is pulverized, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 110 ℃ of baking ovens dry 90 minutes, then to get peanut shell granular standby in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 50g in the flask of 500mL, being placed in 110 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add the 20g peanut shell granular to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 90 ℃, constantly agitating heating 2.5h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring 8% watery hydrochloric acid in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.5, continues to add thermal agitation 5h, gets reacting slurry;
D, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, the deionized water that adds 6 times of reacting slurry volumes, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 1h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid 42.02g; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin 3.39g.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the time is 40s.
Get as calculated [Bmim] Cl to the recovery rate 93.49% of lignin, the rate of recovery 84.04% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 5 is the infared spectrum of the concentrate II lignin that extracts from peanut shell, as can be seen from Figure 5, the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that wherein in the aromatic compound ring of the lignin in peanut shell, between carbon atom, stretching vibration causes is at 1616.62(s) cm
-1, 1501.72(s) cm
-1With 1463.37 (m) cm
-1The C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1266.39 cm
-1And 1084.86(br.) cm
-1
Embodiment 4:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: walnut shell is pulverized, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 90 ℃ of baking ovens dry 120 minutes, then to get walnut shell particle standby in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 30g in the flask of 250mL, being placed in 110 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add the 10g walnut shell particle to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 100 ℃, constantly agitating heating 3h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring 10% watery hydrochloric acid in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 7h, gets reacting slurry;
C, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, the deionized water that adds 8 times of reacting slurry volumes, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 2h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid 26.1g; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin 2.63g.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25Mpa, and the time is 50s.Get as calculated [Bmim] Cl to the recovery rate 91.67% of lignin, the rate of recovery 87.00% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 6 is the infared spectrum of the concentrate II lignin that extracts from walnut shell, as can be seen from Figure 6, the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that in walnut shell, in the aromatic compound ring of lignin, between carbon atom, stretching vibration causes is at 1616.60(s) cm
-1, 1500.72(s) cm
-1With 1456.98 (m) cm
-1On aromatic ring, phenolic hydroxyl group C-O stretching vibration is absorbed in 1112.43(br.) cm
-1, on aromatic ring, substituting group is absorbed in 832.15cm
-1
Claims (3)
1. Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: lignocellulose-like biomass is pulverized, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, put in 80-110 ℃ of baking oven dry 60-120 minute, it is standby that then expanding treatment gets the lignocellulose-like biomass particle;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15-50g in the flask of 50-500 mL, being placed in 95-105 ℃ of oil bath pan heating dissolves, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5-20 g lignocellulose-like biomass particle to it, sealed flask, temperature is controlled at 90-110 ℃, constantly agitating heating 2-3h, get thick thing;
Drip while stirring the watery hydrochloric acid of 5-10% in thick thing obtained above, regulating the pH value is 4.5-4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 5-7h, gets reacting slurry;
C, extraction and separate: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add reacting slurry volume 2-8 deionized water doubly, transfer in separatory funnel after evenly mixing, layering after standing 1-3h gets lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata water, with the mutually standing rear suction filtration of lower floor's ionic liquid that separates, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 ℃, obtains cellulose, after the dehydration of filtrate Vacuum Concentration, obtain ionic liquid; Suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after the upper strata water that separates is standing obtains block concentrate II with the water evaporation and concentration, and vacuumize below 80 ℃ obtains lignin.
According to claim 1 from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method, it is characterized in that: described lignocellulose-like biomass comprises sesame stalk, maize straw, peanut shell and peach-pit shell.
According to claim 1 from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method, it is characterized in that: described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25-0.4Mpa, the time is 30-50s.
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| CN105316375A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method used for pretreatment of biomass with protic/nonprotic type composite ionic liquid |
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| CN103755971A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 江南大学 | Method for extracting lignin of straws by acidic ionic liquid and organic solvent |
| CN105316375A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method used for pretreatment of biomass with protic/nonprotic type composite ionic liquid |
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| WO2016088139A1 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-09 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | An eco-friendly process for the isolation of biopolymers from agricultural residues |
| CN105544265A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | Method for separating and extracting cellulose and lignin from bamboo wood |
| CN106079000A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of processing method of biomass efficient separating lignin |
| CN106012683A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽凤凰滤清器股份有限公司 | Anti-fouling and high-contact-area double-layer composite fuel filter paper and preparation method thereof |
| CN106835784A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-13 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of method that nano-cellulose is prepared in AmimCl systems |
| CN107353352A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-17 | 青岛诺亚水务工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of nano-cellulose, nano-cellulose and water purification film, the preparation method of water purification film |
| CN107353352B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-10-29 | 青岛诺亚水务工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of nano-cellulose, the preparation method of nano-cellulose and water purification film, water purification film |
| CN108611051A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-02 | 安徽盛美金属科技有限公司 | A kind of timber biomass adhesive and preparation method thereof |
| CN109231400A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-18 | 华南理工大学 | It is a kind of for handling the suspension lignin microcapsules and preparation method of water eutrophication |
| CN109231400B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Suspended lignin microcapsule for treating water eutrophication and preparation method thereof |
| CN112442924A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-05 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for preparing high-hardness environment-friendly material by using protogenic plant biomass as raw material |
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