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CN103038590B - 用于液化来自燃烧设施的烟道气的方法和设施 - Google Patents

用于液化来自燃烧设施的烟道气的方法和设施 Download PDF

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CN103038590B
CN103038590B CN201180030755.0A CN201180030755A CN103038590B CN 103038590 B CN103038590 B CN 103038590B CN 201180030755 A CN201180030755 A CN 201180030755A CN 103038590 B CN103038590 B CN 103038590B
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heat exchanger
stripper
separated
liquid
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CN103038590A (zh
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O.施塔尔曼
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
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    • F25J3/063Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J5/00Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2200/70Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
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    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2290/62Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

描述了一种用于CO2分离的设备,其具有高安全水平的最小能量消耗,并且可从燃烧化石的动力设备的烟道气中以不同的纯度水平输送液态CO2

Description

用于液化来自燃烧设施的烟道气的方法和设施
技术领域
本发明涉及用于液化包含在燃烧过程(例如燃烧化石燃料的蒸汽动力设备)的烟道气中的CO2的方法和装置。很久已经知道使用低温方法来从烟道气中液化CO2
背景技术
用于用燃烧烟道气产生液态CO2的大多数低温方法使用具有两个或更多个分离级的传统的分离方案。用于液化CO2的这些设施较简单,并且工作没有问题。这些设施的一个主要缺点在于它们的高能量需求对动力设备的效率有负面影响。
因而本发明的目的是提供用于液化包含在烟道气中的CO2的方法和设施,从而以减小的能量需求运行,并且因而提高动力设备的净效率。本发明的另一个目的是提高液化CO2的纯度,而不提高过程的能量需求。
同时,该方法应当尽可能地简单,并且设施的运行易于控制,以便保证稳定可靠且无问题的运行。
发明内容
根据本发明,利用这样的方法来解决这个目的,即烟道气在第一压缩机中被压缩,随后在第一冷却器中冷却,并且在至少两个分离级中部分地冷凝,其中,通过经膨胀废气和经膨胀液态CO2来冷却至少两个分离级,并且其中,第二分离级包括第二热交换器和CO2汽提器,其中,来自第一分离级的液态CO2流直接进入CO2汽提器,并且其中,来自第一分离级的CO2流经由第二热交换器进入CO2汽提器。
根据本发明的方法将在烟道气进入低温过程之前借助于专用的干燥装置(例如吸附干燥器)干燥烟道气的需求减到最小。因此,减小了过程的能量消耗和减少了干燥装置的维护。
要求保护的发明的另一个有利实施例包括在第一分离级中的第一热交换器和第一分离鼓,其中,利用来自第一分离鼓的经膨胀CO2冷却第一热交换器。这个方法提供处于第一较高压力水平的液态CO2产物,因而将压缩需求减到最小。
要求保护的发明的另一个有利实施例包括在第二分离级中的第二热交换器和第二分离鼓,其中,利用来自第二分离鼓的经膨胀CO2冷却第二热交换器。这个方法使得能够实现需要的CO2产量,同时使最终的CO2品质保持大于95(体积)%的高纯度。
通过使用在第二分离级中的第二热交换器和CO2汽提器,来自第一分离级的液态CO2流直接进入CO2汽提器,并且来自第一分离级的CO2流经由第二热交换器进入CO2汽提器。这个方法允许产生具有超过99(体积)%的纯度的CO2品质。如果通过再沸器使CO2汽提器中的液态CO2沸腾,并且废气被从CO2汽提器的顶部抽取出,在压力控制阀中膨胀,并且在分离级中用于冷却目的,则能够降低辅助制冷任务需求。
根据本发明的方法设置成液态CO2膨胀至第一压力水平和膨胀至第二压力水平,并且在经过分离级中的至少一个之后被馈送到第二压缩机)的第一级或第二级,这提供了处于第一较高压力水平的液态CO2产物,从而将压缩需求减到最小。
根据本发明的方法设置成对再沸器供应来自第二压缩机、优选来自第二压缩机的第二级的热,这建立制冷开环,并且从而避免安装专用制冷单元。这个会提高能量效率,并且降低用于建立CO2液化设备的成本。
通过将来自再沸器和来自汽提器的液态CO2收集在缓冲鼓中,后续蒸发的CO2的压缩需求会减到最小。这些优点还可通过这样的方法来实现,即对至少两个分离级供应来自缓冲鼓的液态CO2
如果液态CO2的一部分被从缓冲鼓或CO2汽提器抽取出,并且由第二产物泵输送到第二压缩机的输送侧或第一产物泵的吸入侧,则能够实现压缩需求的进一步减小。
根据本发明的方法包括:在进入第一分离级之前,使烟道气在第一压缩机中被压缩,在第一冷却器中冷却和/或在干燥器中干燥,从而减小过程的能量消耗,并且减少干燥装置的维护。
如果在进入最后的分离级的热交换器之前,来自最后的分离级的废气膨胀至大约17巴,并且得到大约-54℃的温度,则能够将烟道气压缩需求减到最小,同时避免干冰的形成。
附图显示了要求保护的发明的若干实施例。
附图说明
图1:要求保护的发明的第一实施例,
图2:要求保护的发明的包括分离柱和制冷开环的第二实施例,
图3:要求保护的发明的包括用于经液化CO2的第二产物泵的第三实施例,
图4:要求保护的发明的具有用于废气的两级膨胀形式的、使用两个膨胀涡轮的第四实施例,以及
图5:要求保护的发明的第五实施例。
具体实施方式
在图中,在烟道气流的各种点处的温度和压力以及CO2的温度和压力由所谓的标记指示。属于各个标记的温度和压力在下面汇编在表中。对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,这些温度和压力意图作为示例。它们可取决于烟道气的组成、液态CO2的温度和要求的纯度而改变。
在图1中,要求保护的发明的第一实施例显示为框图。如可从图1中看到的那样,烟道气在第一压缩机1中被压缩。第一压缩机1可执行多级压缩过程,各个压缩级(未显示)之间的冷却器和水分离器从水烟道气3中分离出大部分水蒸气,这相应地为水。
当由第一压缩机1排出时,烟道气3具有显著比环境温度更高的温度,并且然后被第一冷却器5冷却至大约13℃。压力为大约35.7巴(参照标记1)。
在第一压缩机1和第一冷却器5之间,必须清除烟道气的汞,汞可冷凝并且将当然地损害铝钎焊的热交换器11和17。汞的移除可在固定床Hg-吸附器(未显示)中进行。
仍然包含在烟道气流3中的湿气通过适当的干燥过程(例如在干燥器7中进行吸附干燥)而脱除水,并且随后传输到第一分离级9。这个第一分离级9包括第一热交换器11和第一分离鼓13。第一热交换器11用于冷却烟道气流3。由于这个冷却,包含在烟道气流3中的CO2进行部分冷凝。因此,烟道气流3作为气体和液体的两相混合物而进入第一分离鼓13。在第一分离鼓13中,烟道气流3的液相和气相主要通过重力分离。在第一分离鼓13中,压力为大约34.7巴,并且温度为-19℃(参照标记no.5)。
在第一分离鼓13的底部处,抽取液态CO2(参照3.1),并且借助于第一减压阀15.1而膨胀至大约18.4巴的压力。第一减压阀15.1中的膨胀导致CO2的温度介于-22℃和-29℃之间(参照标记10)。这个CO2流3.1在第一热交换器11中冷却烟道气流3。因此,CO2流3.1蒸发。在第一热交换器11的出口处,CO2流3.1具有大约+25℃的温度和大约18巴的压力(参照标记no.11)。这个CO2流3.1传输到第二压缩机25的第二级。
在第一分离鼓13的头部处抽取处于气态状态的烟道气的第二流3.2,并且第二流3.2随后在第二热交换器17中冷却并且部分地冷凝。在经过第二热交换器17之后,第二流3.2是两相混合物,并且传输到第二分离鼓19。第二热交换器17和第二分离鼓19是第二分离级21的主要构件。
在第二分离鼓19中,再次在第二流3.2的液相和气相之间进行重力支持的分离。在第二分离鼓19中,存在大约34.3巴的压力和大约-50℃的温度(参照标记no.6)。
在第二分离鼓19的头部处抽取第二分离鼓19中的气相,即所谓的废气23,使其在第二减压阀15.2中膨胀至大约17巴,使得其冷却到大约-54℃。废气23流过第二热交换器17,从而冷却烟道气3.2和使烟道气3.2部分地冷凝。
在第二分离鼓19的底部处抽取液态CO2流3.3,并且液态CO2流3.3在第三减压阀15.3中膨胀至大约17巴,使得其达到-54℃的温度(参照标记no.7a)。
CO2流3.3也传输到第二热交换器17。在第二热交换器17中,液态CO23.3的一部分蒸发,并且流3.3被从第二热交换器19抽取出,在第四减压阀15.4中膨胀到大约5至10巴使得达到-54℃的温度(参照标记no.7b),并且再次传输到第二热交换器17。
在流3.3流过第二热交换器17之后,其传输到第一热交换器11。在第一热交换器11的入口处,流3.3具有大约5至10巴的压力,以及介于-22℃和-29℃之间的温度(参照标记no.14)。
部分流3.3在第一热交换器11中吸热,使得在第一热交换器11的出口处,部分流3.3具有大约-7℃的温度与大约5至10巴的压力。第三部分流3.3传输到第二压缩机25的第一压缩级,并且压缩至大约18巴。随后,压缩CO2流3.1传输到图1中显示的多级压缩机25的第二级。
在图1至5中未显示第二压缩机25的各个级之间的中间冷却器和用于经压缩CO2的后冷却器。
在第二压缩机25的出口处,压缩CO2具有介于60巴和110巴之间的压力和80℃至130℃的温度(参照标记19)。在未显示的后冷却器中,CO2冷却到环境温度。
如果需要,CO2可或者直接馈送到管路中或者液化和从第一产物泵27例如传输到CO2管路(未显示)中。第一产物泵27将液态CO2的压力提高至CO2管路内部的压力,这可为大约120巴。
返回到从第二分离鼓19的顶部抽取的废气23,可看到,废气23流过第二压力控制阀15.2、第二热交换器17和第一热交换器11,从而从烟道气流3中吸热。在第一热交换器11的出口处,废气23具有大约26℃至30℃的温度与大约26巴的压力(参照标记no.16)。
为了将能量回收增到最大,使废气23在废气过热器29中过热,并且然后传输到膨胀涡轮31或任何其它膨胀机器。在膨胀机器中,机械能被回收,并且此后废气23以大致对应于环境压力的压力排出到环境中。
对了冷却目的,第一冷却器5经由管33和冷却水泵35而与第一热交换器11连接。水和乙二醇的混合物在管33内部流动,从而对第一冷却器5供应冷却水(参照标记no.3和4)。
将在下游冷却装备中冷冻的水将在干燥器7中例如通过吸附被从进料气体中移除。为了将干燥器7那时需要的干燥剂质量减到最小,将在第一冷却器5中使用已经在冷箱1的第一热交换器11中冷却的乙二醇/水混合物使烟道气冷却到大约13℃。乙二醇/水回路包括冷却水泵35。
来自第一冷却器5的乙二醇/水具有大约40-50℃的温度(参照标记3),并且泵送到空气或水热交换器(未显示),并且冷却到环境温度。冷却乙二醇/水然后被引导到第一热交换器11,以使用产物和排气流3.1、3.2和23来进行冷却。
来自第一热交换器11的冷却乙二醇/水具有大约10℃的温度(参照标记4),并且返回至第一冷却器1。冷却乙二醇/水的出口温度控制可级联在回路流量控制器上。第一冷却器5的任务由乙二醇/水供应温度调节。
从第一热交换器11对第一冷却器5进行供应具有一些优点:首先,烟道气可冷却到大约10℃,这允许干燥器7中进行高效的干燥过程。
在第一冷却器5的导管破裂或烟道气泄漏到乙二醇/水循环中的情况下,这个可容易检测到,并且不立即损害第一热交换器11。最后,这个布置的能量效率非常高,从而减小整个过程的能量消耗。
标记、压力和温度表。
标记no. 温度,大约[℃] 压力,大约[巴]
1 13 35.7
2 13 35
3 40℃至50℃ -
4 10 -
5 -19 34.7
6 -50 34.3
7 -53℃ 5至10
7a -54 27
7b -54 5至10
7c -54 15.5
7d -54 5至10
7e -45 ≈20至23
7f -45 20
8 -47 16.5
9 -47 16.5
10 -22至-29 18.4
11 25 18
12 -7 5-10
13 -22至-29 20
14 -22至-29 5-10
15 -
16 26至30 26
17 80至100 25.8
18 -54 2.3
19 80至130 60至110
20 - 36.5
温度公差为±5℃ 压力公差为±5 巴
在冷凝水在第一冷却器5和干燥器7(其将移除大部分的水,同时保持足够地远离氢氧化物形成条件)之间的烟道气分离器(未显示)中分离之后,烟道气在干燥器7中被干燥。
为了防止阻塞热交换器11、17以及防止固体沉积在冷却区段(即第一冷却器5)中,可预见过滤器(未显示)将烟道气中的颗粒尺寸限制到1μm。
在图2中,相同构件标有相同参考标号。关于图1的表述对应地适用。
在第一热交换器11中使用产物流3.3和废气流23来使来自干燥器7的干燥气体部分地冷凝至大约-19℃的温度。产生的液态CO2在第一分离鼓13中分离。液体目标取决于要求的产物品质。对于过程的增强的油回收(EOR)模式,来自第一分离鼓13的液体将发送到处于中间进料位置的CO2汽提器37,而在盐获得(salineacquifer,SA)模式中,液体直接发送到CO2汽提器37底部产物流。第二备选方案未显示在图中。
在作为逆流发送到CO2汽提器37的顶部之前,进一步在第二热交换器17中使用产物流3.3和废气流23来使来自第一分离鼓13的顶部蒸气3.2冷凝。
选择系统压力使得能够使蒸气冷凝,同时与CO2的升华点和熔点保持足够高的距离。
CO2汽提器37由具有再沸器32的柱构成,并且可包括侧部再沸器(未显示)。在这个构造中顶部冷凝系统不是必要的。
使CO2汽提器37的进料过冷。这消除了对专用顶部冷凝和逆流系统的需要。过冷进料在CO2汽提器37中提供足够的CO2冷凝,以满足需要的CO2回收。如果需要的话,可从锅炉32返回线路得到CO2流,以增加总的逆流(未显示)。通过调节再沸器32和可选的侧部再沸器的任务,将使CO2品质/纯度保持在限制内。
CO2汽提器37中的压力通过顶部蒸气抽出速率来控制。因为废气23从CO2汽提器37的顶部处的大约32巴闪蒸到烟囱状况将得到-90℃的温度,所以安装了级联系统(参照图4/5)。这确保废气23的温度可保持足够高。在图2中,仅显示了一个减压阀15.2。在经过第二热交换器17和第一热交换器11之后,可使废气23在废气加热器(没有标号,没有在图2中)和膨胀器中过热,以进行能量回收。
进入再沸器32的需要热输入将由来自第二压缩机25的第二级的输出的CO2制冷剂3.4的冷凝提供。在经过再沸器32之后,这个CO2制冷剂3.4流经减压阀15.7到达缓冲鼓39。
再沸器32的任务将经由液位控制通过制冷剂侧的溢流来调节。液位设定点通过CO2分析器级联来控制。采样点位于CO2汽提器柱37的底部区段。得到的液态制冷剂然后被发送到制冷剂接收器或缓冲鼓39。
基于两个路线抽出柱贮槽产物,一个基于液位控制,而另一个基于流量控制。
CO2贮槽产物的第一路线基于液位控制而从再沸器32到缓冲鼓39。可选地,可安装侧部再沸器(未显示),其中,使液体进一步过冷。这确保在闪蒸之后的蒸气分量被减到最少。过冷液体然后被引导到缓冲鼓39。
已经预见缓冲鼓39用于液体管理,这意味着将收集制冷剂和将制冷剂分配到第一热交换器11和/或第二热交换器17。
来自缓冲鼓39的液化CO2制冷剂膨胀到不同的水平(参照标记7和10)。因此,在两个温度水平上提供CO2制冷剂。最低温度水平处于大约-54℃,其中,CO2闪蒸到25.8巴(参照标记7),相应的7.3巴。这个CO2产物和低压流3.3进入第二热交换器17。
第二温度水平处于大约-22℃至-29℃。高压制冷剂流3.1通过膨胀阀15.6膨胀至大约18巴(参照标记10),并且在第一热交换器11中用来提供制冷。
在第一热交换器11和第二热交换器17中,CO2产物流3.3将蒸发,并且在3℃下从第一热交换器11的出口发送到第二压缩机25的第一级。使高压制冷剂3.1在第一热交换器11中过热到大约26℃(参照标记11)。
在经过之后,产物流3.3被多级第二压缩机25压缩和液化。高压制冷剂流3.1进入处于第二级的第二压缩机25。
来自第一热交换器11的CO2产物蒸气3.3被3级CO2压缩机25再次压缩。
第二压缩机25的负荷通过吸入压力控制来调节。为了将压缩需求减到最小,将入口温度用作用于调节低压制冷剂流的控制。
在第一级压缩和冷却之后,CO2产物流3.3与来自第一热交换器11的高压制冷剂流3.1结合。
再沸器32所需要的CO2抽出在第2压缩级之后在大约36.5巴的压力下进行(参照标记20)。这确保冷凝温度比再沸器温度高大约5℃。这里应用的原理是开环制冷循环。这个布置的优点在于,在热交换器中有泄漏和导管破裂的情况下,CO2产物将不会被污染。
压缩机25的第2级的出口压力通过第3级入口导叶调节。为第1和第2级提供对流量控制的反冲(kickback)。
第二压缩机25的第3级的出口可用来加热通往烟囱的废气,废气被再加热到至少40℃。
为第3级提供对流量控制的反冲。
第3级的出口压力优选为低于72巴,这也低于CO2的临界压力(73.773巴)。因此,最后的空气/水冷却器(后冷却器)(未显示)中的亚临界冷凝是可行的。出口压力通过改变空气/水冷却器冷凝任务和对烟囱的吹送来调节。
液化CO2产物可通到产物接收器(未显示),它可从这里泵送到产物管路中。
在环境状况较热的情况下,仅能够实现将CO2压缩到超临界状况和进行冷却。
通过使用包括第一冷却器5、冷却水泵135、第一热交换器11和必要的管道33的水乙二醇回路,允许将烟道气从大约60℃的温度高效地冷却到大约13℃(参照标记no.1)。
使用第一热交换器11作为乙二醇水回路的散热器具有若干优点。这个布置的一个优点在于,其允许关于达到的温度和实现的能量消耗而进行非常高效的冷却。另外,可将干燥器尺寸减到最小。
可用要求保护的发明的所有实施例实现的第二个优点在于,在整个设备中,除了水乙二醇回路之外,仅烟道气或CO2用于运行该过程。这意味着,不必使用用作制冷剂的危险或爆炸性的介质,这会减小建立和运行设备的成本。
另一个优点是,在CO2制冷的构件有故障的情况下,不影响CO2产物的品质。
图3显示要求保护的发明的第三实施例。通过比较图2和3可看到,大多数构件和相关管道系统相同。因此,仅描述了差异。
如可从图3中看到的那样,安装了第二产物泵41。这个第二产物泵41从缓冲鼓39抽取具有大约31巴的压力的高压制冷剂,并且将这个高压制冷剂的压力在冬天提高到53巴的压力,并且在夏天提高到72巴的最大压力,这取决于环境状况。最差的情况将是将压力直接提高到管路状况。这个压力水平类似于在第二压缩机25的端部处的压力水平,并且因此能够直接将冷却不需要的高压制冷剂直接从缓冲鼓39传输到第一产物泵27的吸入侧。这个导致显著减小整个设备的能量消耗,并且允许以较宽的负荷范围运行整个设备。
图4中显示的实施例包括用于废气23的两级膨胀,其使用用于废气23的第一膨胀涡轮31.1和第二膨胀涡轮31.2。经膨胀废气23可在热交换器11和17中用于制冷目的。对于这个布置,该设备的能量消耗可通过这样来减小:使废气流23在两个级中膨胀,并且使用膨胀机器31.1和/或31.2能量的机械输出,以用于驱动例如发电机或压缩机1或25。
图5显示要求保护的发明的第五实施例,其包括冷却水回路5、33、35和11、CO2汽提器37、第二产物泵41和两级膨胀涡轮31.1和31.2。这个高端实施例包括图1至4中显示的实施例的所有特征和优点。据此,变得显而易见的是,不同的实施例的特征可以任何组合方式组合。例如还能够消除冷却水回路5、33、35,并且仅结合CO2汽提器37、第二产物泵41和/或两级膨胀涡轮31.1和31.2。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于用燃烧烟道气产生液态CO2的方法,其中,所述烟道气(3)在第一压缩机(1)中被压缩,随后在第一冷却器(5)中冷却,并且在至少两个分离级(9,21)中部分地冷凝,其中,通过经膨胀废气(23)和经膨胀液态CO2(3.1,3.3)来冷却所述至少两个分离级(9,21),并且其中,所述第二分离级(21)包括第二热交换器(17)和CO2汽提器(37),其中,来自所述第一分离级(9)的液态CO2流(3.5)直接进入所述CO2汽提器(37),并且其中,来自所述第一分离级(9)的CO2流(3.2)经由所述第二热交换器(17)进入所述CO2汽提器(37)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一分离级(9)包括第一热交换器(11)和第一分离鼓(13),并且其中,利用来自所述第一分离鼓(13)的经膨胀CO2(3.1)冷却所述第一热交换器(11)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二分离级(21)包括第二热交换器(17)和第二分离鼓(19),并且其中,利用来自所述第二分离鼓(19)的经膨胀CO2(3.3)冷却所述第二热交换器(17)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二分离级(21)包括第二热交换器(17)和CO2汽提器(37),来自所述第一分离级(9)的液态CO2流(3.5)直接进入所述CO2汽提器(37),并且来自所述第一分离级(9)的CO2流(3.2)经由所述第二热交换器(17)进入所述CO2汽提器(37)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述第一冷却器(5)供应来自所述第一分离级的冷却水。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过再沸器(32)来使所述CO2汽提器(37)中的液态CO2沸腾,并且废气(23)被从所述CO2汽提器(37)的顶部抽取出,在压力控制阀(15.2)中膨胀,并且在所述分离级(9,21)中用于冷却目的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述液态CO2膨胀至第一压力水平和膨胀至第二压力水平,并且在经过所述分离级(9,21)中的至少一个之后被馈送到第二压缩机(25)的第一级或第二级。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述再沸器(32)供应来自所述第二压缩机(25)的热。
9.根据权利要求6至8中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,来自所述再沸器(32)和所述CO2汽提器(37)的液态CO2收集在缓冲鼓(39)中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述至少两个分离级(9,21)供应来自所述缓冲鼓(39)的液态CO2
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述液态CO2的一部分被从所述缓冲鼓(39)或所述CO2汽提器(37)抽取出,并且被第二产物泵(41)输送至所述第二压缩机(25)的输送侧或第一产物泵(27)的吸入侧。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在进入所述第一分离级(9)之前,所述烟道气在第一压缩机(1)中被压缩,在第一冷却器(5)中冷却,以及/或者在干燥器(7)中干燥。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在进入最后的分离级(21)的热交换器(17)之前,来自所述最后的分离级(21)的废气(23)膨胀至大约17巴,并且得到大约-54℃的温度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在经过所有分离级(21,9)和在至少一个膨胀机器(31,31.1,31.2)中膨胀之后,使所述废气(23)在过热器(29)中过热,并且随后再次馈送到所述最后的分离级(21)的所述热交换器(17)。
15.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述再沸器(32)供应来自所述第二压缩机(25)的第二级的热。
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