CN103025382B - 组合物在制备用于处理支气管收缩病症的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
组合物在制备用于处理支气管收缩病症的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括A型五聚体原花青素、三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素,可选地连同药物赋形剂的组合物在处理支气管收缩病症如过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及支气管收缩病症(broncho-constrictiveconditions)的处理(控制),如过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。通过给予包括A型五聚体型原花青素(pentamerictypeAprocyanidin)、三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素的组合物,可选地连同药物赋形剂,来处理(管理)所述支气管收缩病症。
背景技术
儿茶素(儿茶酸)是多酚类植物代谢物,其属于黄酮类家族。儿茶素的分子式和分子量为C15H14O6和290g/mol。儿茶素和表儿茶素是差向异构体,其中(-)-表儿茶素和(+)-儿茶素是自然界中发现的最常见的光学异构体。原花青素或缩合丹宁是黄酮类低聚物,其基本成分是(+)-儿茶素和(-)-表儿茶素。在植物王国中它们大量地存在于果实、树皮、叶子和种子中,其中它们提供保护防止光、氧化和食肉动物。在许多植物中发现原花青素,主要有苹果、松树皮、桂皮、荔枝果皮、花生、葡萄籽、可可、葡萄皮、越橘、蔓越橘、红醋栗、绿茶和红茶。
基于连续单体单元之间的连接,原花青素被分类为A、B或C型多酚。一般地,在原花青素的连续单体单元之间的连接在‘较高’单元的第四位置和‘较低’单元的第八位置之间,产生B型原花青素。可替换地,连接可发生在‘较高’单元的C4和较低单元的C6之间,产生C型原花青素。在许多植物来源中大量地发现B型和C型多酚。当连续单体单元通过‘较高’单元的C2和C4之间的醚键连接并且氧气在较低单元的C7位置和C6/C8位置(分别地)时,形成A型原花青素。
支气管收缩病症以随着咳嗽和哮喘显著降低呼吸能力的症状为特征。该病症对气道或细支气管产生不利影响,其在支气管和肺泡之间携带空气。细支气管的炎症和细支气管外部的平滑肌肉的夹紧导致肺内部或外部空气通道减少。
过敏性鼻炎是最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病。它影响生活的质量、生产力并与共同病态病症如哮喘相关。过敏性鼻炎的症状包括流鼻涕、鼻塞、阻塞和由接触过敏源引发的瘙痒症,如细菌、病毒、动物寄生虫、灰尘、花粉、化学品、食物,药物、烟雾等。哮喘是与气道限制、粘液产生和过敏反应类似的慢性支气管收缩病症。
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是另一种肺疾病,其特征是慢性支气管炎,具有咳嗽多痰、喘息、呼吸短促、乏力、频繁呼吸道感染等症状。对COPD不存在治愈。一些用于治疗COPD的药物是用于打开气道的支气管扩张剂,例如异丙托铵、噻托溴铵,沙美特罗,或福莫特罗;和用于减少肺部炎症的吸入性类固醇。
Bhaskaran等人(US2011/0039923Al)公开了一种包括浓度范围从约55%w/w至约99%w/w的五聚体原花青素类黄酮、各自浓度范围从约0.5%w/w至约35%w/w的三聚体和四聚体的组合物。该文献也公开了一种用于由植物源,即肉桂,荔枝,花生制备所述组合物的方法。此外,该文献教导了所述的组合物用于治疗和处理HIV感染、AIDS和流感病毒感染的应用。然而,该文献并未建议或教导所述组合物在治疗、预防和处理支气管收缩病症中的应用。
WO2007053641A2教导了A型原花青素抑制COX-2基因在细胞系中的转录。基于该细胞系实验,推断并推测在体内环境中潜在的抗炎作用。然而,该文献并未启示或证实A型原花青素在治疗、预防和处理支气管收缩病症,即过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和COPD中的作用。如该文献讨论的COX-2酶合成的抑制没有对白三烯的分泌的暗示。白三烯是参与支气管或在支气管收缩病症即过敏性鼻炎,哮喘和COPD内气道炎症的介质。此外,COX-2酶的抑制可在支气管收缩病症中具有负面影响,因为它抑制前列腺素E2(PGE2)的分泌。根据Simmons等人(2004),PGE2在哮喘和其它肺病症中具有支气管保护作用。例如,阿司匹林引起的哮喘可以通过增加来自炎症细胞的白三烯的释放而引发,该炎症细胞通过去除PGE2的抑制性影响产生,其中PGE2为COX-2在气道中的主要产物。此外,最近科学研究表明COX-2的抑制具有明显的不良心血管副作用,这导致撤回最畅销的已批准的COX-2抑制剂药物,如来自市场的万络(Vioxx)。因此,WO2007053641A2未启示或教导本领域的技术人员研究A型原花青素用于治疗、预防和处理支气管收缩病症,即过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和COPD。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及一种处理(管理)支气管收缩病症的方法,所述方法包括将组合物给予需要其的受试者的行为,该组合物包括A型五聚体原花青素、三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素组成,可选地连同一种或多种药物赋形剂。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种处理支气管收缩病症的方法,所述方法包括将组合物给予需要其的受试者的行为,该组合物包括A型五聚体原花青素、三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素,可选地连同一种或多种药物赋形剂。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述支气管收缩病症选自由过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病或它们的任意组合组成的组。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,所述A型五聚体原花青素的浓度范围为从约55%w/w至约99%w/w,所述三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素各自浓度范围为从约0.5%w/w至约35%w/w;并且所述药物赋形剂的浓度范围为从约0.5%至约99.9%。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述A型五聚体原花青素的浓度范围为从约80%w/w至约90%w/w,所述三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素各自的浓度范围为从约0.5%w/w至约20%w/w。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述药物赋形剂选自包括以下的组:树胶、造粒剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、添加剂、溶剂、助流剂、防粘剂、防静电剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂、粘度增强剂、植物纤维素物质的染色剂、调味剂、涂层剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、抗静电剂和滚圆剂(spheronizationagents)或它们的任意组合。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述组合物被配制成选自包括以下组中的剂型:药片、片剂、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮剂、软膏、贴片、凝胶、洗剂、洁牙剂(牙粉)、胶囊、乳剂、乳霜、喷雾、滴剂、分散性粉末或颗粒、在硬或软凝胶胶囊内的乳液、糖浆剂、酏剂、鼻喷剂、吸入剂、喷雾剂、静脉内注射剂、静脉内溶液、肌内注射剂、肌内储库、皮下注射剂、经皮注射剂、植物性营养物质(phytoceuticals)、营养制品和食品或它们的任意组合。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述组合物以约1mg/kg至约100mg/kg受试者的体重的剂量范围给予。在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述组合物以喷雾给药,剂量范围为从约1μg/kg至约25μg/kg受试者体重。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述受试者是哺乳动物,包括但不限于人类。
在本发明的一个实施方法中,所述术语处理(控制)或处理包括疾病病症或失调或不良后果或副作用的预防和治疗。所述术语也包括在疾病病症或失调或不良后果或副作用中最佳状态的维持和进一步发展的预防。
本发明涉及一种在需要其的受试者中处理支气管收缩病症的方法,其中所述方法包括给予药物学上有效量的组合物的步骤,该组合物包括A型五聚体原花青素、三聚体和四聚体原花青素,可选地连同药物赋形剂。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,五聚体原花青素类黄酮的浓度范围为从约80%w/w至约99%w/w,三聚体和四聚体原花青素类黄酮各自浓度范围为从约0.5%w/w至约20%w/w。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述赋形剂选自包括以下的组:树胶、造粒剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、添加剂、溶剂、助流剂、防粘剂、防静电剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂、粘度增强剂、植物纤维素物质的染色剂、调味剂、涂层剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、抗静电剂和滚圆剂或它们的任意组合。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,所述组合物被配制成选自包括以下组的各种剂型:药片、片剂、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮剂、液体、软膏、贴片、凝胶、洗剂、洁牙剂、胶囊、乳剂、乳霜、喷雾、滴剂、分散性粉末或颗粒、在硬或软凝胶胶囊内的乳液、糖浆剂、酏剂、鼻喷剂、吸入剂、喷雾剂、静脉内注射剂、静脉内注射液、肌内注射剂、肌内储库、皮下注射剂、经皮注射剂、植物性营养物质、营养制品和食品或它们的任意组合。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述组合物用于支气管收缩病症的预防、治疗和处理,如过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,实际上可以治疗、处理或预防所述活性。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,所述组合物的单体单元选自一组儿茶素,优选儿茶酸或表儿茶酸。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中,将该组合物给予动物和人类。
借助于以下实施例进一步详尽阐述了本发明。然而,这些实施例不应被解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1:本发明组合物的药代动力学研究
在健康大鼠中研究了本发明组合物的药代动力学参数以确定本发明的组合物的生物利用率。将约100mg/kg体重的单剂量的本发明组合物口服给予体重约150-200g的雄性SwissWistar大鼠。通过眼球后穿刺在0、5、15、30、60、90、120、150、180分钟取出血液。在约10000rpm下在约4℃下通过血液分离约20min获得血浆。已开发了下面描述的反相HPLC方法来检测血浆中的本发明的组合物。
柱:150×4.6mmC-18反相5μ
注射体积:约20μl
UV检测波长:约280nm
流动相:65份0.1%含水甲酸和35份乙腈等度
流速:1ml/min
本发明的组合物显示了约4小时的血浆半衰期(Ti1/2)和约109.213μg/ml的最大血浆浓度(Cmax)。
实施例2:本发明组合物的体内肺抗原引起的致敏研究
在致敏的豚鼠中测试了本组合物对抗原引起的支气管缩窄的预防活性。用本组合物处理雄性DuncanHartley来源的豚鼠(400±50g),剂量为约100mg/kg受试者体重,口服给予。在预处理一小时后,所述豚鼠用卵清蛋白(0.5μg)腹腔内注射致敏。在致敏前约10分钟注入吲哚美辛(约10mg/kg)、美吡拉敏(约2mg/kg)和心得安(约100mg/kg)的混合物以阻止支气管阻塞的其它介质。麻醉致敏动物并人工通风。
在载体处理的动物中,抗原挑战导致气管内压力(ITP)增加,范围为由完全气管阻塞引发的最大可能支气管收缩的约45%至约85%。用本组合物预处理的动物表明显著抑制了卵清蛋白引起的支气管缩窄。
表1:响应于治疗的气管内压力(ITP)的变化
n=5;Dunnett多重比较试验后采用单向ANOVA对数据进行分析;如与载体对照组对比*P<0.05和***P<0.001。
在给予本发明的组合物1小时后,没有观察到血压和心率的变化。用标准药物菲尼酮处理,在给予5分钟后血压降低了。
表2:处理(治疗)对心率和血压的影响
n=5;Dunnett多重比较试验后采用单向ANOVA对数据进行分析;如与对照组对比*P<0.05。
肺抗原引起的致敏研究结果如表1和2中所示,其描述了本发明的组合物在治疗支气管收缩病症中的直接益处,而不会引起任何副作用。因此,本发明的组合物在支气管收缩病症的治疗中是有效的,如过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
实施例3:本发明的组合物的剂型
包括浓度范围从约55%w/w至约99%w/w的A型五聚体原花青素类黄酮,各自浓度范围从约0.5%w/w至约35%w/w的三聚体和四聚体原花青素类黄酮的本发明的组合物通过与约2%w/w的微晶纤维素,约0.5%w/w的交聚维酮和约0.2%w/w的硬脂酸镁混合而配制成胶囊。将该混合物填充在胶囊中。
实施例4:本发明的组合物的喷鼻剂型
将包括浓度范围从约55%w/w至约99%w/w的A型五聚体原花青素类黄酮,各自浓度范围从约0.5%w/w至约35%w/w的三聚体和四聚体原花青素类黄酮的约1.025g本发明的组合物与约961.53ml的生理盐水,约0.0871mg薄荷醇和约38.46ml的乙醇混合,搅拌以获得澄清溶液。对该混合物进行杀菌,通过约0.04微米过滤器进行过滤并填充在鼻喷瓶中。一丸所述鼻喷剂递送约100μl的剂型,这相当于约100μg的本发明的组合物。
通过添加选自包括以下组中的合适的赋形剂来制备本发明的组合物的类似剂型:造粒剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、助流剂、防粘剂、防静电剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、树胶、涂层剂、染色剂、调味剂、涂层剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、添加剂、溶剂、表面活性剂、粘度增强剂、抗静电剂、植物纤维素物质和滚圆剂或它们的任意组合。并且,剂型的类型选自包括以下的组:药片、片剂、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮剂、软膏、贴片、凝胶、洗剂、洁牙剂、胶囊、乳剂、乳霜、喷雾、滴剂、分散粉末或颗粒、在硬或软凝胶胶囊内的乳液、糖浆剂、酏剂、鼻喷剂、吸入剂、喷雾剂、静脉内注射剂、静脉内注射液、肌内注射剂、肌内储库、皮下注射剂、经皮注射剂、植物性营养物质、营养制品和食品或它们的任意组合。取决于给予的途径,使用不同的赋形剂/载体。本领域的技术人员会知道选择本发明的组合物的合适剂型用于支气管收缩病症的治疗、预防和处理。
实施例5:过敏性鼻炎患者中的轶事研究
进行评估本发明的组合物对2例患有常年性过敏性鼻炎(PAR)的患者和1例患有季节性过敏性鼻炎(SAR)的患者的疗效研究。对患有PAR的患者1给予约二至三丸,每天两次,在鼻喷制剂中每丸含100μg本发明的组合物。这相当于本发明的组合物的5至20μg/kg受试者体重。患有PAR患者2和患有SAR的患者3接受约350mg本发明的组合物的胶囊,每日两次,相当于每天约10至25mg/kg受试者体重。所述治疗进行为期2个月。在研究期间的开始和结束进行患者报告结果,在该患者报告结果的基础上分析本发明组合物的疗效。
表3:治疗过敏性鼻炎的疗效
症状严重程度(0-没有困扰;1-几乎没有困扰;2-有点困扰;3-中等困扰;4-相当困扰;5-非常困扰;6-极其困扰)。
给予本发明的组合物的所有患者报告了过敏性鼻炎症状显著减少并即刻见效。患者也报告了生活整体质量的改善,如表3中所示的简要鼻结膜炎症生活质量问卷的患者报告结果。因此,本发明的组合物在治疗和处理季节性和常年性过敏性鼻炎中是有用的。
实施例6:哮喘患者中的轶事研究
进行评估本发明的组合物对2例患有慢性哮喘的患者的疗效研究。对受试者给予本发明的组合物的胶囊,剂量约为350mg每日两次,为期3个月,相当于每天约10至25mg/kg受试者体重。在研究期间的开始和结束进行患者报告结果,在该患者报告结果的基础上分析本发明的组合物的疗效。
表4:哮喘治疗的效果
症状严重程度(0-没有;1-几乎没有;2-轻微;3-中等;4-强;5-非常强)。
两个患者报告在用本发明的组合物治疗后,哮喘发作的次数减少。报告了在进行每天日常活动、锻炼和睡觉时,哮喘症状显著减少。一个患者也报告减少了救助吸入器的需要。因此,本发明的组合物在治疗、预防和处理哮喘中是有用的。
本发明证实了药物学上有效量的包括浓度范围从约55%w/w至约99%w/w的A型五聚体原花青素类黄酮,各自浓度范围从约0.5%w/w至约35%w/w的三聚体和四聚体原花青素类黄酮,可选连同药学上可接受的赋形剂的组合物在用于处理支气管收缩病症中的应用。
Claims (9)
1.组合物在制备用于处理支气管收缩病症的药物中的应用,所述组合物包括浓度范围从55%w/w至99%w/w的A型五聚体原花青素、浓度范围各自从0.5%w/w至35%w/w的三聚体原花青素和四聚体原花青素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述组合物还包括浓度范围从0.5%至99.9%的一种或多种药物赋形剂,并且其中,所述组合物中所有组分的浓度的总和为小于或等于100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述支气管收缩病症选自包括过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病或它们的任意组合的组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述A型五聚体原花青素的浓度范围为从80%w/w至90%w/w,所述三聚体原花青素和所述四聚体原花青素的浓度范围各自为从0.5%w/w至20%w/w,并且其中,所述组合物中所有组分的浓度的总和为小于或等于100%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其中,所述药物赋形剂选自包括以下的组:树胶、造粒剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、添加剂、溶剂、助流剂、防粘剂、防静电剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂、粘度增强剂、植物纤维素物质染色剂、调味剂、涂层剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、和滚圆剂或它们的任意组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述组合物被配制成选自包括以下组中的剂型:药片、片剂、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮剂、软膏、贴片、凝胶、洗剂、洁牙剂、胶囊、乳剂、乳霜、喷雾、滴剂、分散性粉末或颗粒、在硬或软凝胶胶囊内的乳液、糖浆剂、酏剂、鼻喷剂、吸入剂、喷雾剂、静脉内注射剂、静脉内溶液、肌内注射剂、肌内储库、皮下注射剂、经皮注射剂、植物性营养物质、营养制品和食品或它们的任意组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述组合物以1mg/kg至100mg/kg受试者的体重的剂量范围给予需要其的所述受试者。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述组合物以1μg/kg至25μg/kg受试者的体重的剂量范围作为喷雾给予需要其的所述受试者。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的应用,其中,所述受试者是哺乳动物,包括但不限于人类。
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