CN103018566A - Lithium ion battery direct current internal resistance testing method and battery screening method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery direct current internal resistance testing method and battery screening method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery direct current internal resistance testing method. The testing method comprises the steps of: step 1, placing a lithium ion battery at room temperature; step 2, continuously discharging the battery through a first preset discharging current I1 within a first preset discharging time interval, and measuring a first discharging cut-off voltage U1 of the battery in real time after the discharging is finished; step 3, continuing discharging the battery through a second preset discharging current I2 within a second preset discharging time interval, and measuring a second discharging cut-off voltage U2 of the battery in real time after the discharging is finished; and step 4, calculating in real time to obtain direct current internal resistance of the battery according to a preset direct current internal resistance calculation formula. The invention also discloses a lithium ion battery screening method. The lithium ion battery direct current internal resistance testing method and the battery screening method disclosed by the invention can conveniently and rapidly detect the direct current internal resistance of the battery, thus being beneficial to improvement of the detection efficiency of the direct current internal resistance of the battery, and reducing the detection cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery technology field, particularly relate to a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing and battery screening method.
Background technology
Since early 1990s was realized commercialization, lithium ion battery had been widely applied to 3G field, electric motor car (EV) and the fields such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) market segment, military affairs and space technology.The advantages such as lithium ion battery has that voltage is high, specific energy is high, good cycle and environmental friendliness, and compare with lithium metal secondary battery, lithium ion battery also is greatly improved aspect security performance.But still there is more safety problem in actual applications in lithium ion battery.For example in the battery manufacture process, be easy to occur the reservoir quantity deficiency, battery leakage, inside battery is analysed lithium, and in a single day the abnormal occurrencies such as pole piece tape splicing, broken belt flow into normal application with these unusual batteries, will bring infinite potential safety hazard.
For lithium ion battery, its internal resistance is an important parameter of lithium ion battery, can well represent the state of lithium ion battery.The internal resistance of lithium ion battery comprises two kinds of ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistances: ohmic internal resistance is comprised of the resistance of electrode material, electrolytic solution, barrier film and the contact resistance of each several part part; Polarization resistance is anodal (polarization is that electrode potential departs from the phenomenon of standard electrode potential when electric current passes through) the caused internal resistance that polarizes when carrying out electrochemical reaction with negative pole, is the caused resistance sum of activation polarization and concentration polarization.In battery production and test, ohmic internal resistance claims again AC internal Resistance, and ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance sum are called DC internal resistance.
AC internal Resistance is by apply a fixed frequency and fixed current (at present normal operation 1kHz frequency, the little electric current of 50mA) to battery, then its voltage is sampled, after a series of processing such as overcommutation, filtering, calculate the internal resistance value of this battery by discharge circuit.
At present, existing a kind of battery DC internal resistance method of testing is: after battery is full of electricity, take 0.2C(C as the battery actual capacity) big or small current discharge 10s, the voltage and current of measurement battery is recorded as respectively voltage U 1 and electric current I 1; Then with 1C discharge 1s, measure the voltage of battery this moment, is recorded as respectively voltage U 2 and electric current I 2, and the DC internal resistance of then calculating this battery is:
But, in the actual production of lithium ion battery, after the DC internal resistance test, battery often will be through transportation or medium-term and long-term preservation, and full power state is unfavorable for transportation or the medium-term and long-term preservation of battery, therefore, if adopt the method for above-mentioned existing measurement battery DC internal resistance, then need the battery that is full of electricity is discharged again, therefore increased the production process of battery, increased the production cost of battery.
In addition, for discharge current I
2Its objective is and make battery produce larger polarization, estimate according to this battery operated state, the electric current of 1C is less, be unfavorable for that battery produces larger polarization, therefore for the existing method of measuring the battery DC internal resistance, it is difficult to the duty that reflects that battery is real, thereby can't truly reflect the abnormality of inside battery.
Therefore, at present in the urgent need to developing a kind of method, it can be quickly and easily detects the DC internal resistance of lithium ion battery, is conducive to significantly improve the detection efficiency to the lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, reduces testing cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing and battery screening method, it can be quickly and easily detects the DC internal resistance of lithium ion battery, be conducive to significantly improve the detection efficiency to the lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, reduce testing cost, and then reduced the production cost of electric battery, and be conducive to improve the market application foreground of battery production producer product, be of great practical significance.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: lithium ion battery is placed at room temperature;
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1Lithium ion battery is continued to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains described lithium ion battery.
Wherein, the battery charge state SOC of the described lithium ion battery in the described first step is 30 ~ 70%.
Wherein, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span 0.2 ~ 1C.
Wherein, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span be 3 ~ 10C.
Wherein, the computing formula of described default DC internal resistance is specially:
Default DC internal resistance
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery screening technique, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: a plurality of lithium ion batteries are placed at room temperature;
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1A plurality of lithium ion batteries are continued respectively to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out respectively discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains each described lithium ion battery;
The 5th step: calculate the resistance mean value of all lithium ion battery DC internal resistances, then the DC internal resistance with this resistance mean value and each lithium ion battery compares;
The 6th step: for any one lithium ion battery, when if the DC internal resistance of this lithium ion battery is greater than or less than the default number percent of described resistance mean value, judge that this lithium ion battery is unusual battery, until the DC internal resistance of all lithium ion batteries is all more complete with described mean value.
Wherein, the battery charge state SOC of the described lithium ion battery in the described first step is 30 ~ 70%.
Wherein, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span 0.2 ~ 1C.
Wherein, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span be 3 ~ 10C.
Wherein, the computing formula of described default DC internal resistance is specially:
DC internal resistance
By above technical scheme provided by the invention as seen, compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing, it can be quickly and easily detects the DC internal resistance of lithium ion battery, be conducive to significantly improve the detection efficiency to the lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, reduce testing cost, and then reduced the production cost of electric battery, be conducive to improve the market application foreground of battery production producer product, be of great practical significance.
In addition, a kind of lithium ion battery screening technique provided by the invention, they can be to a plurality of lithium ion batteries, according to the DC internal resistance that detects a plurality of lithium ion batteries that obtain, filter out the lithium ion battery of property abnormality, avoid bad battery combo in electric battery, and then improve serviceable life and the security of lithium ion battery group.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing of improving of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of a kind of lithium ion battery screening technique provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of selected lithium ion battery in a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing specific embodiment provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is the DC internal resistance numerical value schematic diagram that the measured a plurality of lithium ion batteries of a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing specific embodiment provided by the invention have respectively;
Among Fig. 3,11 is plus plate current-collecting body, and 12 is the positive electrode material layer, and 13 is anode ear, and 21 is negative current collector, and 22 is the negative material layer, and 23 is negative electrode lug, and 30 is barrier film.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand better the present invention program, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing, it can be quickly and easily detects the DC internal resistance of lithium ion battery, specifically may further comprise the steps:
The first step: lithium ion battery is placed at room temperature (for example 20 ° ~ 30 ° temperature);
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1Lithium ion battery is continued to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains described lithium ion battery.
In the present invention, need to prove, DC internal resistance represents the total internal resistance battery operated the time, is ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance sum.For direct current resistance, it is to pass through a larger electric current to battery, makes it produce polarization, thereby calculates polarization resistance and ohmic internal resistance sum, i.e. battery operated total internal resistance.For lithium ion battery, when large electric current passed through, some slight abnormality of inside battery (contact preferably tape splicing, tab welding is bad, large tracts of land dead band etc.) just can show by polarized state.Therefore DC internal resistance can represent the duty of lithium ion battery very delicately.
For the present invention, two step electric discharges are adopted in the measurement of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, first step discharge adopts low discharging current to make battery reach a more stable state, and second step adopts heavy-current discharge to make battery produce larger polarization.Consider heavy-current discharge to the injury of battery and the ability to bear of testing apparatus and frock, when measuring DC internal resistance, will adopt moderate measuring current.Too smallly then be not easy to make battery to produce the polarization that to identify the inside battery state; Excessively then can damage battery, test result also can tested equipment and the impact of frock.
In the present invention, in the first step, the battery charge state SOC of described lithium ion battery is preferably 30 ~ 70%.
In the present invention, in second step, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time can be set in advance according to user's needs, is preferably 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span also can set in advance according to user's needs, being preferably 0.2 ~ 1C(C is the battery actual capacity).
In the present invention, in the 3rd step, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time can be set in advance according to user's needs, is preferably 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span also can set in advance according to user's needs, being preferably 3 ~ 10C(C is the battery actual capacity).
In the present invention, in the 4th step, described default DC internal resistance
Computing formula be specially:
Therefore, according to described default DC internal resistance
Computing formula, the present invention can calculate the DC internal resistance that obtains lithium ion battery quickly and easily.
Referring to Fig. 2, based on a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing provided by the invention shown in Figure 1, as mentioned above, the duty that can represent very delicately lithium ion battery in view of DC internal resistance, therefore, the present invention also provides a kind of screening technique of lithium ion battery, be used for a plurality of lithium ion batteries are screened, filter out the battery of property abnormality, thereby allow the consistent battery of performance form electric battery, serviceable life and the security performance of the electric battery that assurance is assembled.The method specifically may further comprise the steps:
The first step: a plurality of lithium ion batteries are placed at room temperature (for example 20 ° ~ 30 ° temperature);
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1A plurality of lithium ion batteries are continued respectively to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out respectively discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains each described lithium ion battery;
The 5th step: calculate the resistance mean value of all lithium ion battery DC internal resistances, then the DC internal resistance with this resistance mean value and each lithium ion battery compares;
The 6th step: for any one lithium ion battery, when if the DC internal resistance of this lithium ion battery is greater than or less than the default number percent of described resistance mean value, judge that this lithium ion battery is unusual battery, until the DC internal resistance of all lithium ion batteries is all more complete with described mean value.
In the present invention, need to prove, DC internal resistance represents the total internal resistance battery operated the time, is ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance sum.For direct current resistance, it is to pass through a larger electric current to battery, makes it produce polarization, thereby calculates polarization resistance and ohmic internal resistance sum, i.e. battery operated total internal resistance.For lithium ion battery, when large electric current passed through, some slight abnormality of inside battery (contact preferably tape splicing, tab welding is bad, large tracts of land dead band etc.) just can show by polarized state.Therefore DC internal resistance can represent the duty of lithium ion battery very delicately.
For the present invention, two step electric discharges are adopted in the measurement of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, first step discharge adopts low discharging current to make battery reach a more stable state, and second step adopts heavy-current discharge to make battery produce larger polarization.Consider heavy-current discharge to the injury of battery and the ability to bear of testing apparatus and frock, when measuring DC internal resistance, will adopt moderate measuring current.Too smallly then be not easy to make battery to produce the polarization that to identify the inside battery state; Excessively then can damage battery, test result also can tested equipment and the impact of frock.
In the present invention, in the first step, the battery charge state SOC of each described lithium ion battery is preferably 30 ~ 70%.
In the present invention, in second step, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time can be set in advance according to user's needs, is preferably 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span also can set in advance according to user's needs, being preferably 0.2 ~ 1C(C is the battery actual capacity).
In the present invention, in the 3rd step, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time can be set in advance according to user's needs, is preferably 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span also can set in advance according to user's needs, being preferably 3 ~ 10C(C is the battery actual capacity).
In the present invention, in the 4th step, described default DC internal resistance
Computing formula be specially:
Therefore, according to described default DC internal resistance
Computing formula, the present invention can calculate the DC internal resistance that obtains lithium ion battery quickly and easily.
In the present invention, in the 6th step, the default number percent of described resistance mean value can be set in advance according to user's needs, for example can be 20% resistance mean value.For a lithium ion battery, if its dc resistance is greater than or less than the default number percent of described resistance mean value, the DC internal resistance test result that at this moment this lithium ion battery is described disperses outside the normal battery test data distributes, and this lithium ion battery is the unusual battery of internal state.
In the present invention; described lithium ion battery is preferably the monopole ear coiled battery; this monopole ear coiled battery can be that the one pole group also can be multipole group; the both positive and negative polarity of each utmost point group wherein only has the passage of an electronic conduction separately; it is monopole ear; when connecting the abnormal occurrencies such as unusual or pole piece tape splicing when lug in the battery and occurring; the passage of electronic conduction will partially or completely be intercepted; thereby show battery and larger polarization phenomena when work, occur; this can well show from the DC internal resistance data, therefore can detect according to the data of battery DC internal resistance the battery that filters out property abnormality.
Therefore, as shown from the above technical solution, for lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing provided by the invention, its on the one hand can be under the prerequisite that does not affect battery performance the DC internal resistance data of Measurement accuracy battery, realize the full inspection of DC internal resistance test, reflect battery operated state; Can select accurately the unusual battery of internal state on the other hand, avoid defective products to flow into next procedure, guarantee to allow the consistent a plurality of battery assemblings of the consistent performance of battery DC internal resistance form electric battery, guarantee serviceable life and the security of institute's assembled battery group.
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described.
Embodiment
A kind of monopole ear coiled lithium ion battery take LiFePO4 as the positive electrode system, its structure as shown in Figure 3, described lithium ion battery comprises positive plate and negative plate, has barrier film 30 between described positive plate and the negative plate.Wherein, described positive plate includes a plus plate current-collecting body 11, and described plus plate current-collecting body 11 surface-coateds have one deck positive electrode material layer 12, and described positive electrode material layer 12 is connected with an anode ear 13, described plus plate current-collecting body can be aluminium foil, and the material of described positive electrode material layer can be LiFePO4.Described negative plate includes a negative current collector 21, described negative current collector 21 surface-coateds have one deck negative material layer 22, the material of described negative material layer 22 can be for comprising at least a in native graphite, Delanium and the carbonaceous mesophase spherules, and described negative material layer 22 is connected with a negative electrode lug 23.
For the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment, when measuring this battery DC internal resistance, make battery keep 30% battery charge SOC state, control stable room temperature condition battery is carried out the DC internal resistance test.Concrete testing process is: allow battery dormancy 2s; Then with 0.3C(I
1) big or small current discharge 5s, record discharge cut-off voltage U
1Then with 3C(I
2) current discharge 2s, record discharge cut-off voltage U
2Dormancy 5s finishes.Calculate the DC internal resistance R of battery by formula
DCIRFor:
Test result such as table 1 and shown in Figure 4.The DC internal resistance test result of a plurality of monopole ear coiled lithium ion batteries take LiFePO4 as the positive electrode system is shown in following table 1:
Table 1
| The battery numbering | R DCIR/mΩ | The battery numbering | R DCIR/mΩ | The battery numbering | R DCIR/mΩ | The battery numbering | R DCIR/mΩ |
| 1 | 5.94 | 11 | 6.04 | 21 | 5.9 | 31 | 5.94 |
| 2 | 5.99 | 12 | 6.06 | 22 | 6.05 | 32 | 5.93 |
| 3 | 6.7 | 13 | 5.94 | 23 | 5.91 | 33 | 6.1 |
| 4 | 6.03 | 14 | 5.96 | 24 | 5.85 | 34 | 6.04 |
| 5 | 5.93 | 15 | 6.09 | 25 | 6.05 | 35 | 6.05 |
| 6 | 5.87 | 16 | 5.92 | 26 | 6 | 36 | 6.06 |
| 7 | 6.06 | 17 | 6.08 | 27 | 5.87 | 37 | 5.87 |
| 8 | 5.92 | 18 | 6.04 | 28 | 5.91 | 38 | 5.94 |
| 9 | 5.92 | 19 | 6.08 | 29 | 5.84 | 39 | 5.96 |
| 10 | 5.86 | 20 | 6.09 | 30 | 5.95 | 40 | 5.95 |
Shown in the DC internal resistance test result of table 1, Fig. 4, the DC internal resistance of this lithium ion battery is distributed in about 6.0m Ω more and (is battery mean value), be numbered 3 battery DC internal resistance value and obviously disperse and distribute in normal battery DC internal resistance value, can judge that it is unusual battery.
In sum, compared with prior art, a kind of lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing provided by the invention, it can be quickly and easily detects the DC internal resistance of lithium ion battery, be conducive to significantly improve the detection efficiency to the lithium ion battery DC internal resistance, reduce testing cost, and then reduced the production cost of electric battery, be conducive to improve the market application foreground of battery production producer product, be of great practical significance.
In addition, a kind of lithium ion battery screening technique provided by the invention, they can be to a plurality of lithium ion batteries, according to the DC internal resistance that detects a plurality of lithium ion batteries that obtain, filter out the lithium ion battery of property abnormality, avoid bad battery combo in electric battery, and then improve serviceable life and the security of lithium ion battery group.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a lithium ion battery DC internal resistance method of testing is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: lithium ion battery is placed at room temperature;
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1Lithium ion battery is continued to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains described lithium ion battery.
2. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the battery charge state SOC of the described lithium ion battery in the described first step is 30 ~ 70%.
3. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span 0.2 ~ 1C.
4. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span be 3 ~ 10C.
5. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the computing formula of described default DC internal resistance is specially:
DC internal resistance
6. a lithium ion battery screening technique is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: a plurality of lithium ion batteries are placed at room temperature;
Second step: preset in the discharge time of the interval first, with the first default discharge current I
1A plurality of lithium ion batteries are continued respectively to discharge, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the first discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
1
The 3rd step: continue to preset in the discharge time of the interval second, with the second default discharge current I
2Lithium ion battery is carried out respectively discharge operation, and after discharge finishes, measure in real time the second discharge cut-off voltage U of each lithium ion battery
2
The 4th step: according to default DC internal resistance computing formula, calculate in real time the DC internal resistance that obtains each described lithium ion battery;
The 5th step: calculate the resistance mean value of all lithium ion battery DC internal resistances, then the DC internal resistance with this resistance mean value and each lithium ion battery compares;
The 6th step: for any one lithium ion battery, when if the DC internal resistance of this lithium ion battery is greater than or less than the default number percent of described resistance mean value, judge that this lithium ion battery is unusual battery, until the DC internal resistance of all lithium ion batteries is all more complete with described mean value.
7. lithium ion battery screening technique as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the battery charge state SOC of the described lithium ion battery in the described first step is 30 ~ 70%.
8. method of testing as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the described first span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described first default discharge current I
1Span 0.2 ~ 1C.
9. method of testing as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the described second span of presetting interval discharge time is 2 ~ 10 seconds; The described second default discharge current I
2Span be 3 ~ 10C.
10. lithium ion battery screening technique as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the computing formula of described default DC internal resistance is specially:
DC internal resistance
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