CN102986560B - Pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps - Google Patents
Pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986560B CN102986560B CN201110272062.4A CN201110272062A CN102986560B CN 102986560 B CN102986560 B CN 102986560B CN 201110272062 A CN201110272062 A CN 201110272062A CN 102986560 B CN102986560 B CN 102986560B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of pond culture, and relates to a pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps. The method comprises the steps of: 1) filling fresh water after 1 week after preparation and disinfection of a pond and carrying out probationary culture of chub till the chub survives; 2) stocking 150g of grass carp, 100g of chub, 100g of bighead carp, 150g of paddlefish and 60g of crucian carp at one time, wherein the polyculture proportion is that grass carps account for 75%, chubs account for 8%, bighead carps account for 6%, paddlefish account for 6% and crucian carps account for 5%, and the average culture density is 3/sq.cm; 3) feeding twice a day, wherein the total feeding weight per day accounts for 5% of total weight of grass carps in the pond, the feed is polyculture fish seed particle matched feed, and the time of manual feeding begins from the time when the fish seeds are cast to 210 days; 4) adding 20cm of fresh water into the pond every week; maintaining the water quality at pH 7.5-8.5, temperature at 20.0-31.0 DEG C, nonionic ammonia smaller than or equal to 0.02mg/L, total alkalinity 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen greater than or equal to 5.0mg/L, transparency 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption smaller than or equal to 15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand smaller than or equal to 5mg/L and total escherichia coli smaller than 5000/L for 210 days. The average fish yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can reach 1000kg/667 sq.cm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pond fish cultural technique.Be specifically related to a kind of grass carp that is applicable to, silver carp, flathead, the pond ecological polyculturing method of paddlefish and crucian carp.
Background technology
China aqiuculrue is with a long history, and its output of breeding fish occupies the first in the world always.Fish nutrition is worth high, absorption easy to digest, not only become food proteins main source desirable in people's diet structure, and be the important component part that country ensures food security, to improving national trophic level and promoting that people ' s health has indelible contribution.192.16 ten thousand hectares of the existing aqiuculrue areas of China, the conventional variety of China aqiuculrue is grass carp, silver carp at present, flathead, bream, carp, crucian carp etc., cultural method is monoculture and raises together with two kinds of methods.And monoculture is because kind is single, solid space and the natural bait in pond are not rationally utilized.And current to raise together with fish species collocation unreasonable, easily produce Water Eutrophication, do not meet the requirement of healthy aquaculture.For this reason, the present invention is improved to grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and 5 kinds of fish of crucian carp by the kind of current China pond polyculture, these 5 kinds of fish also there is not yet report at home, outward with pond polyculture.The present invention has carried out the research of " a kind of grass carp, silver carp, flathead, pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp of being applicable to " in country's 973 scientific research projects of bearing.Research from the condition in pond, put kind, stocking size, breeding density, culture-cycle, the throwing amount of raising in a suitable place to breed, throw the aspects such as feeding method and ecomanagement technology the fish-cultivating method in the original pond of China has been carried out to great improvement.Particularly in the kind of pond polyculture, having increased ingests swims after the paddlefish of animal and plant, not only improved pond water quality Eutrophication Status, promoted stocked carp growth, improved quality, and can improve significantly productivity effect, economic benefit and the ecological benefits of aqiuculrue.Therefore, the healthy aquaculture in the current pond of Jiang Dui China of the present invention and sustainable development are very important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect of prior art, a kind of grass carp that is applicable to is provided, silver carp, flathead, the pond ecological polyculturing method of paddlefish and crucian carp, to solve the vast aqiuculrue economic benefit of current China and the lower problem of ecological benefits.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Be applicable to a grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the pond ecological polyculturing method of paddlefish and crucian carp, its step comprises:
1) preparation of ponds sterilization: annual early April drains Chi Shui, after leveling at the bottom of pond, uses 100kg/667M
2lime disinfection, within after preparation of ponds sterilization 1 week, the new water of annotating is dark to 1.5m, and uses 1-2M
2small-sized net cage is supported temporarily the examination of 8-10 tail silver carp and is supported 1-2 days, to silver carp survival for raising together with grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp lay the foundation.
2) fingerling specification, the ratio of stocking and cultivation density: disposablely put grass carp in a suitable place to breed, silver carp, flathead, the fingerling of paddlefish and crucian carp, the specification of each fingerling is respectively: grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail.The ratio of stocking is respectively: grass carp 75%, silver carp 8%, flathead 6%, paddlefish 6%, crucian carp 5%; Cultivation density average out to 3 tails/M
2.
3) artificial throwing raised: the throwing of every day raise gross weight be pond put grass carp gross weight in a suitable place to breed 5%, growth along with Grass Carp Juveniles, the feed gross weight of throwing in is by increasing in proportion, feed gross weight is thrown something and fed (the upper and lower noon respectively accounts for 1/2) every day at twice, i.e. the morning 8:30 and afternoon: 16:30 respectively throws something and feeds once; Throwing is raised mode for to spill along pond surrounding artificial hand, the feed of throwing something and feeding is for raising together with fingerling granular mixed feed, and this feed main component is: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, crude fat %6.00, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47.The time that artificial throwing is raised starts to finish to 210 days from putting fingerling in a suitable place to breed.
4) ecomanagement: every circumferentially pond adds new water once, adds the about 20cm of water dark at every turn.Monthly to pond water quality analysis once, keeping the water quality pH in pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L, transparency is 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total Escherichia coli <5000/L.From putting above-mentioned 5 kinds of fingerlings in a suitable place to breed, start to finish to cultivation in 210 days.
The present invention, through the above-mentioned mode of raising together with, on average can reach 1000kg/667m in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River fish crop
2.
Embodiment
Concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
1. the preparation of ponds and sterilization: after (No. 1 to No. 10) Jiang Chishui drained, leveled at the bottom of pond annual early April, with lime disinfection, the consumption of quicklime is 100kg/667M
2, evenly splash in full pond.
2. pond water filling is supported with examination: after the preparation of ponds, the 1 week new water of filling is dark to 1.5m.And use 1-2M
2small-sized net cage is supported temporarily the examination of 8-10 tail silver carp and is supported 1-2 days, to determine whether this pond is applicable to throwing in fingerling.
3. fingerling stocking: can put fingerling in a suitable place to breed after the foster silver carp of examination survives safely.Putting kind in a suitable place to breed is grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish, totally 5 kinds of crucian carps; Fingerling specification is respectively grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail; The ratio of stocking is respectively grass carp and accounts for 75%, and silver carp accounts for 8%, and flathead accounts for 6%, and paddlefish accounts for 6%, and crucian carp accounts for 5%; The average 3 tails/M of breeding density
2.
4. artificial throwing raised: throwing every day and raising gross weight is 5% (along with the growth of Grass Carp Juveniles, the throwing the gross weight of feed by increasing in proportion) that Grass Carp Juveniles gross weight is put in pond in a suitable place to breed.The mode of throwing something and feeding is, the throwing of every day is raised gross weight and is divided into twice and throws something and feeds, be the morning 8:30 and afternoon: 16:30 respectively throw something and feed once, each throwing raised as spilling along pond surrounding artificial hand, the feed of throwing something and feeding is that commercial feed " 706 raise together with fingerling granular mixed feed " is (purchased from Hubei Haida Feed Co., Ltd's commercial feed, address: five south, Zhigou Unity Avenue, Wu Jia mountain, Dongxihu District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province), this feed main component is afterwards by analysis: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, crude fat %6.00, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47.The time that artificial throwing is raised starts to finish to cultivation in 210 days from throwing in fingerling.
5. culture-cycle: 210 days, from annual April 15 to November 15 only.
6. ecomanagement technology: add new water once to pond weekly, add water is that 20cm is dark at every turn.Monthly to pond water quality analysis once, the water quality pH that guarantees pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L, transparency is 28-32cm left and right, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total Escherichia coli <5000/L.
Through the raising of 210 days, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River fish crop, can reach 1000kg/667m
2.
Economic benefit and Ecological Benefit Analysis: the present invention has increased to ingest and swims after the paddlefish of animal and plant in raising together with of pond put kind in a suitable place to breed, the plankton that more can ingest in a large number in pond than flathead due to paddlefish, not only improved pond water quality Eutrophication Status, and promoted the growth (table 1) of other 4 kinds of stocked carps and improved fish crop (table 2), also improved significantly economic benefit, social benefit and the ecological benefits of aqiuculrue.
Table 1: pond polyculture grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the growth fraction of paddlefish and crucian carp is (unit: g) (mean value scholar SD)
Table 2: pond polyculture grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the output of paddlefish and crucian carp (unit: kg/m
2)
| Index | Grass carp | Silver carp | Flathead | Paddlefish | Crucian carp | Add up to fish crop |
| Fish crop | 1.37 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.67 |
Claims (1)
1. a pond ecological polyculturing method that is applicable to grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp, its step is as follows:
1) preparation of ponds: annual early April drains Chi Shui, after leveling at the bottom of pond, uses 100kg/667m
2lime disinfection; After the preparation of ponds, the 1 week new water of filling is dark to 1.5m, and uses 1-2m
28-10 tail silver carp 1-2 days is supported in small-sized net cage examination, to silver carp survival, for raising together with grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp, lays the foundation;
2) fingerling specification, the ratio of stocking and cultivation density: disposable fingerling of putting grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp in a suitable place to breed, the specification of each fingerling is respectively: grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail; The ratio of stocking is respectively grass carp 75%, silver carp 8%, flathead 6%, paddlefish 6%, crucian carp 5%; Cultivation density average out to 3 tails/m
2;
3) artificial throwing raised: it is to put 5% of Grass Carp Juveniles gross weight in a suitable place to breed that gross weight is raised in the throwing of every day, growth along with Grass Carp Juveniles, the feed gross weight of throwing something and feeding is by increasing in proportion, and the feed gross weight of throwing something and feeding every day is thrown something and fed at twice, the morning 8:30 and afternoon 16:30 respectively throw something and feed once; Throwing is raised mode for to spill along pond surrounding artificial hand, the feed of throwing something and feeding is for raising together with fingerling granular mixed feed, and this feed main component is: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, fat %6.0, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47; The time that artificial throwing is raised starts to finish to 210 days from throwing in fingerling;
4) ecomanagement: every circumferentially pond adds new water once, adds water 20cm dark at every turn; Monthly to pond water quality analysis once, keeping the water quality pH in pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L, transparency is 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total 5000/L of Escherichia coli <; Haul oneself willingly into put and state 5 kinds of fingerlings and start to finish to cultivation in 210 days.
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| CN103355240B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-11 | 苏州市漕湖水产生态养殖场 | Green high-yield fish mixed culturing method |
| CN103858796A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-06-18 | 罗生芳 | Ecological breeding method for grass carps |
| CN104488761A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 黎川县钟贤水产养殖场 | Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs |
| CN105123570A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-09 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Culture method for large-scale pond fish mixed culture |
| CN105613384A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-01 | 怀远县渔业科技发展有限责任公司 | Artificial sturgeon aquaculture method |
| CN107223610B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of method for improving main foster grass carp pond culture yield and benefit |
| CN110521642B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-08-31 | 华南师范大学 | Grass carp, crucian carp and bighead carp mixed culture method for mainly culturing grass carps |
| CN116098092B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-05-28 | 通威农业发展有限公司 | Synergistic silver carp culture method |
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