CN102986430B - Anti-season potato mechanization planting matched cultivation technique - Google Patents
Anti-season potato mechanization planting matched cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-season potato mechanization planting matched cultivation technique, comprising the steps of 1) selecting land, comprising the steps of carrying out soil preparation and selecting subacid loamy soil or sandy loam soil land masses with pH of 5.3-7, higher terrain, loose and fertile soil property, deep soil layer and drainage and irrigation functions; 2) preparing potato seed blocks with the weight of 45-70g for seeding, wherein each potato seed block contains 2-3 bud eyes, and a slicer is required to be disinfected when cutting the potato seed blocks; 3) seeding, wherein depth from the upper part of a tuber to the upper part of a ridge platform is 8-10cm, row spacing is 90cm, and planting distance is 18cm; 4) intertilling and earthing for 5cm when seedling emergence rate reaches up to 60%; 5) carrying out fertilizer management; 6) carrying out water management when a potato root system reaches up to 60cm, wherein soil depth is determined to be 45cm to know water supply capacity of the soil depth; 7) maintaining available water in the field to be 70-80% in a tuber forming and expanding stage; 8) preventing and controlling diseases and pests; and 9) harvesting. The anti-season potato mechanization planting matched cultivation technique disclosed by the invention has the characteristic of improving yield and quality and is applicable to widespread use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical field, relate to a kind of method of planting potato, relate in particular to a kind of anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation corresponding cultivation techniques.
Background technology
South China Dong Zuo district belongs to the torrid zone, monsoon moist climate region, subtropics, and winter is warm, sunny, and rainfall is abundant, is suitable for potato growth.Southern potato Dong Zuo district comprises Fujian, osmanthus, Yue3Sheng and South Jiangxi, Hunan, Eastern Hubei, and these fields in winter slack, area can reach tens million of hectares, and aboundresources provides advantage for potato produces.But at present Dong Zuo district's potato culture mode backwardnesss, extensive management, Term Fertilization are improper, and pouring condition is poor, and sick worm harm is serious, cause that potato yield is not high, tuber quality decline.The per mu yield of current Dong Zuo district potato is mostly at 2-3 ton according to statistics.Therefore improve tillage and cultivation mode and optimum management measure, adopt mechanized cultivation pattern, set up supporting mechanized farming technical regulation, significant to output and the quality of raising potato.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation corresponding cultivation techniques that can improve output and quality.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation corresponding cultivation techniques, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
To select that subacidity, the physical features of PH5.3-PH7 is higher, the soil is porous fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: basal dressing-stubble-cleaning-diagonal angle subsoiling, the first pass degree of depth is 35cm, second time degree of depth is 45cm, and adopts light rake or heavy duty harrow to be raked and reach sowing state in ground;
2) seed preparation
The potato piece of sowing is at 45-70g, and each seed spot contains 2-3 eye, when stripping and slicing, must carry out disinfection to cutting knife, often cuts a stem tuber, and cutting knife all will be sterilized, and thimerosal is invaded bubble cutting knife completely, and thimerosal was changed once every 2 hours; In stripping and slicing, each cutter all will make blade switch to the end, and the sowing on stem tuber same day cutting is complete, and the potato piece cutting is when suitable happy and the seed dressing of sharp victory;
3) sowing
Generally, in sowing mid-November, the degree of depth of sowing is 8-10cm from Dao Longtai top, stem tuber top, row spacing 90cm, and spacing in the rows is 18cm;
4) intertillage
After while reaching 60% when emerging, earthing 5cm, when plant height carries out earthing for the second time during at 10cm, topdresses and earths up for the third time squaring period, makes potato piece reach 18～20cm apart from the height at back of the body top, ridge, relative moisture of the soil intertillage 65% time;
5) fertilizer management
Base manure in soil and seed manure time apply with sowing prior to seeding, and base manure is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and the time of infertility, fertilizing amount was N:50-130kg/ha; P
2o
5: 170-200kg/ha; K
2o:200-300kg/ha is using as 30% of N total amount of base manure wherein, and the amount of application of seed manure is 40% of N total amount; 2-3 time 30-50kg/ time/hectare topdresses, before sowing, by the nitrogen of whole phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer and 2/3 with potash fertilizer is used as seed manure and base fertilizer applies, all the other nitrogen of 1/3 and potassium once impose before potato buddings, and carry out foliage spray in conjunction with plant growing way situation, do not surveying under native condition, can use purity nitrogen 20-25 kilogram, pure phosphorus 15-20 kilogram, pure potassium 30-35 kilogram with reference to every mu, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram
Topdress period: topdress for the first time and form at stem tuber, stolon end expand place be in a week after two times of normal stolon, chase after into, at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, after topdressing, should spray immediately, water spray amplitude is in 10 millimeter, allows fertile grain dissolve in soil, topdresses for the second time and topdresses for the first time medium loam interval two weeks, 10 days, sandy loam interval, for the third time afterwards, the interval of topdressing for the 4th time is with the same for the second time;
6) water management
Potato root system reaches 60cm, and measuring soil depth is the water supply capacity of 45cm with understanding soil depth, and stem tuber forms and expanding stage field can utilize water must keep 70-80%;
8) extermination of disease and insect pest;
9) results.
Further preferably, step 2) described in thimerosal be bleaching powder, every 20 hectares of plot need 50 kilograms of bleaching powder, bleaching powder: water=1: 100, or the alcohol of 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate and 75%.
Further, step 2) described in the consumption of seed dressing be that 1.5 liters of suitable happy time/15 kilogram and 170 grams of sharp victory/15 are kilogram for the treatment of 1.5 tons of potato seeds.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the output of technical scheme Ke Shidongzuo of the present invention district potato improves 30%-50%, greatly improves commodity rate, increases farmers' income.Do compared with potato culture technology with the existing winter, the advantage of this technology is in particular in the following aspects: 1, select suitable plot, plough deeply 35 centimetres and increase production more than 10% than 20 centimetres of tradition, rotary tillage simultaneously can ensure loosing soil, good permeability, and can improve retaining, water-retention fertilizer ability.2, while sowing, select the potato piece sowing of 50g left and right compared with 20 grams of fritters sowings, emergence rate is high, and the neat stalwartness of emerging.Cut cutting knife sterilization that potato piece uses and can effectively control the propagation of bacterial disease.Potato piece also can prevent infecting of rhizoctonia and soil insect and aphid in early stage with seed coat agent seed dressing.3, ridge culture measure (90cm × 18cm) is also done to increase ventilation and penetrating light than railway carriage or compartment, can improve potato commodity rate, and single plant yield improves more than 8% simultaneously.4, in intertillage measure, the more traditional flat moisture in the soil plantation of three ridgings can increase knot potato level and improve commodity rate, is conducive to improve output.5, at present in blindly fertilising of Southwest Mountainous Areas peasant, cause fertilizer loss, soil compaction, plant strain growth is unfavorable.The fertilizer management of employing science, uses sufficient base fertilizer and base manure, topdresses in good time, and the ratio of adjusting N, P, K is can make output increase more than 30% at 2: 1: 4.6, potato root system reaches 60cm, and measuring soil depth is that 45cm is to understand the water supply capacity of soil depth.Precipitation when Dong Zuo district also should work out each irrigation according to the infiltration capacity of soil, avoids producing runoff in sprinkling irrigation, is beneficial to plant strain growth, alleviates disease and occurs.7, prevent and treat rhizoctonia ulcer, early blight by seed coat agent early stage.Middle and later periods prevention late blights etc., diseased plant is removed in time in discovery.When sowing, apply suitable when happy, sharp victory insecticide, prevention soil insect.8,, at the first 14 days seedlings that go out of results, the effective humidity of 60% soil, receives when temperature raises again and can avoid results damage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutting method schematic diagram of cutting knife in seed preparation step in the present invention's Potato Mechanization of anti-season plantation corresponding cultivation techniques, and the potato seed that wherein A is 45-60g is whole potato cultivation; B is 90-120 partial application, and each is a tangent plane; C1 and C2 are that 180-270g cuts two cuttves, and stripping and slicing is one, two tangent planes; D1 and D2 are that 240-420g need to cut two cuttves, three cuttves, and tangent plane is two, three.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
A kind of anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation corresponding cultivation techniques, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
To select that subacidity, the physical features of PH5.3-PH7 is higher, the soil is porous fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: basal dressing-stubble-cleaning-diagonal angle subsoiling, the first pass degree of depth is 35cm, second time degree of depth is 45cm, and adopts light rake or heavy duty harrow to be raked and reach sowing state in ground;
2) seed preparation
The potato piece of sowing is at 45-70g, each seed spot contains 2-3 eye, when stripping and slicing, must carry out disinfection to cutting knife, often cut a stem tuber, cutting knife all will be sterilized, and described thimerosal is bleaching powder, and every 20 hectares of plot need 50 kilograms of bleaching powder, bleaching powder: water=1: 100, or the alcohol of 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate and 75%.Thimerosal is invaded bubble cutting knife completely, and thimerosal was changed once every 2 hours; During stripping and slicing, do not allow in place smoking; In stripping and slicing, each cutter all will make blade switch to the end, can not cut half and break; The sowing on stem tuber same day cutting is complete, and the potato piece cutting is when suitable happy and the seed dressing of sharp victory; The consumption of described seed dressing is that 1.5 liters of suitable happy time/15 kilogram and 170 grams of sharp victory/15 are kilogram for the treatment of 1.5 tons of potato seeds.
Cutting method as shown in Figure 1.
3) sowing
Situation according to local rainfall, frost season and market is determined the rational sowing time, and generally, in sowing mid-November, the degree of depth of sowing is 8-10cm from Dao Longtai top, stem tuber top, row spacing 90cm, and spacing in the rows is 18cm;
4) intertillage
After while reaching 60% when emerging, earthing 5cm, when plant height carries out earthing for the second time during at 10cm, topdresses and earths up for the third time squaring period, makes potato piece reach 18～20cm apart from the height at back of the body top, ridge, relative moisture of the soil intertillage 65% time; If have Heavy rain before intertillage, should postpone intertillage; If soil drought before intertillage, the water of the 5-10mm that should spray, intertillage forbids to press seedling.
5) fertilizer management
Base manure in soil and seed manure time apply with sowing prior to seeding, and base manure is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and the time of infertility, fertilizing amount was N:50-130kg/ha; P
2o
5: 170-200kg/ha; K
2o:200-300kg/ha is using as 30% of N total amount of base manure wherein, and the amount of application of seed manure is 40% of N total amount; 2-3 time 30-50kg/ time/hectare topdresses, before sowing, by the nitrogen of whole phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer and 2/3 with potash fertilizer is used as seed manure and base fertilizer applies, all the other nitrogen of 1/3 and potassium once impose before potato buddings, and carry out foliage spray in conjunction with plant growing way situation, do not surveying under native condition, can use purity nitrogen 20-25 kilogram, pure phosphorus 15-20 kilogram, pure potassium 30-35 kilogram with reference to every mu, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, canopy acid 0.5-1 kilogram
Topdress period: topdress for the first time and form at stem tuber, stolon end expand place be in a week after two times of normal stolon, chase after into, at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, after topdressing, should spray immediately, water spray amplitude is in 10 millimeter, allows fertile grain dissolve in soil, topdresses for the second time and topdresses for the first time medium loam interval two weeks, 10 days, sandy loam interval, for the third time afterwards, the interval of topdressing for the 4th time is with the same for the second time;
The period of topdressing and quantity also will lean on plant field performance and laboratory to determine plant petiole and soil nutrient content.If weather conditions do not allow, do not have enough time to topdress or Nitrogen Top Dressing quantity not sufficient plant has showed nitrogen stress, at this moment can adopt the urea liquid of foliage-spray 0.25%.
6) water management
Potato root system reaches 60cm, and measuring soil depth is 45cm to understand the water supply capacity of soil depth, and field can utilize the moisture should be in 75% left and right, and especially stem tuber forms and expanding stage field can utilize water must keep 70-80%; .The water yield while working out each irrigation according to the infiltration capacity of soil, avoids producing runoff in sprinkling irrigation.
8) extermination of disease and insect pest;
Disease control
Early stage, rhizoctonia ulcer, early blight were controlled in seed dressing, middle and later periods monitoring late blight, and diseased plant is removed in time in discovery.When sowing, apply suitable when happy, sharp victory insecticide, prevention soil insect; While emerging, check field flea beetle and stinkbug, find that they spray beta-cypermethrin, time, field worm and kill the insecticide of class immediately.And prevent budworm or the large generation of beet webworm, and alternately spraying Acker Thailand, anti-bud prestige, time, beta-cypermethrin and the medicament as protectant prevention type, the later stage is affixed by Acker Thailand, and observes noctuid insect, if found, sprays immediately Wan Ling or safety hit.
9) results.
Before results, 14d sprays vertical receipts paddy, receives paddy if robust plant appending again for a week after medication once stood.The seedling machine that the goes out seedling that goes out for 2-3d before results.When results, to avoid results damage,
Sprinkling irrigation before results, sprinkling irrigation in 1-2 days before sandy soil ground results, 8d before medium loam results, sprinkling irrigation amount is 3-5mm.When results, to keep relatively high soil temperature.
The above, be only best mode for carrying out the invention, any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence replace all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation cultivation method for matching, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground
To select that subacidity, the physical features of PH5.3-PH7 is higher, the soil is porous fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange loam or the sandy loam plot that can fill with, whole ground program is: basal dressing-stubble-cleaning-diagonal angle subsoiling, the first pass degree of depth is 35cm, second time degree of depth is 45cm, and adopts light rake or heavy duty harrow to be raked and reach sowing state in ground;
2) seed preparation
The potato piece of sowing is at 45-70g, and each seed spot contains 2-3 eye, when stripping and slicing, must carry out disinfection to cutting knife, often cuts a stem tuber, and cutting knife all will be sterilized, and thimerosal soaks cutting knife completely, and thimerosal was changed once every 2 hours; In stripping and slicing, each cutter all will make blade switch to the end, and the sowing on stem tuber same day cutting is complete, and the potato piece cutting is when suitable happy and the seed dressing of sharp victory;
3) sowing
Generally, in sowing mid-November, the degree of depth of sowing is 8-10cm from Dao Longtai top, stem tuber top, row spacing 90cm, and spacing in the rows is 18cm;
4) intertillage
After while reaching 60% when emerging, earthing 5cm, when plant height carries out earthing for the second time during at 10cm, topdresses and earths up for the third time squaring period, makes potato piece reach 18～20cm apart from the height at back of the body top, ridge, relative moisture of the soil intertillage 65% time;
5) fertilizer management
Base manure in soil and seed manure time apply with sowing prior to seeding, and base manure is executed in soil in conjunction with whole, and the time of infertility, fertilizing amount was N:50-130kg/ha; P
2o
5: 170-200kg/ha; K
2o:200-300kg/ha is using as 30% of N total amount of base manure wherein, and the amount of application of seed manure is 40% of N total amount; 2-3 time 30-50kg/ time/hectare topdresses, before sowing, by the nitrogen of whole phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer and 2/3 with potash fertilizer is used as seed manure and base fertilizer applies, all the other nitrogen of 1/3 and potassium once impose before potato buddings, and carry out foliage spray in conjunction with plant growing way situation, do not surveying under native condition, use purity nitrogen 20-25 kilogram, pure phosphorus 15-20 kilogram, pure potassium 30-35 kilogram with reference to every mu, magnesium sulfate 3-5 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, boric acid 0.5-1 kilogram
Topdress period: topdress for the first time and form at stem tuber, stolon end expand place be in a week after two times of normal stolon, chase after into, at the beginning of 67 months the end of month, sprinkling irrigation immediately after topdressing, water spray amplitude is in 10 millimeter, allows fertile grain dissolve in soil, topdresses for the second time and topdresses for the first time medium loam interval two weeks, 10 days, sandy loam interval, for the third time afterwards, the interval of topdressing for the 4th time is with the same for the second time;
6) water management
Potato root system reaches 60cm, and measuring soil depth is the water supply capacity of 45cm with understanding soil depth, and stem tuber forms and expanding stage field can utilize water must keep 70-80%;
8) extermination of disease and insect pest;
9) results.
2. anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 2) described in thimerosal be bleaching powder, every 20 hectares of plot need 50 kilograms of bleaching powder, bleaching powder: water=1: 100, or the alcohol of 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate and 75%.
3. anti-season Potato Mechanization plantation cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in the consumption of seed dressing be that 1.5 liters of suitable happy time/15 kilogram and 170 grams of sharp victory/15 are kilogram for the treatment of 1.5 tons of potato seeds.
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| CN103858578B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-06-15 | 盛晋华 | The method of potato seed planting potato fertilizition control |
| CN103918431A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 江琴 | Potato planting method |
| CN103918432A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 江琴 | Potato cultivation process |
| CN103918451A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 张家港市凤凰镇杏市土地股份专业合作社 | Environment-friendly high-yield planting method for potatoes |
| CN103975743A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-13 | 榆林市土壤肥料工作站 | Planting method for improving yield of moisture soil summer potatoes |
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| CN104322238A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-02-04 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land |
| CN104956910A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-07 | 李翔 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method of potatoes in winter and summer |
| CN105144903A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Potato land preparation method and application thereof to potato cultivation |
| CN105706690B (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2019-03-29 | 云南农业大学 | Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method |
| CN106258361A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 邱文娟 | A kind of potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN106718407A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 黑龙江八农垦大学 | A kind of black scurf of potato prevention and controls |
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| CN108476902A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-04 | 西双版纳雨林景象生物科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of konjaku mechanized cultivation method |
| CN110972868A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所 | Potato cultivation method for expanding ridges and shrinking plants |
| CN112075309A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-12-15 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | Method for increasing yield by adopting earthing pruning to extract winter potatoes |
| CN112106614A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-22 | 丽江市种子管理站 | Breeding method of Ning Langdang 5 # potato breeder seeds |
| CN113615526A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院 | Saline-resistant waterlogging-preventing concave-convex cultivation method for cotton in coastal saline-alkali land |
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| FI20085764L (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-03-26 | Ravintoraisio Oy | A method for monitoring the environmental effects of crop production |
| JP2012060973A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-29 | Suntory Holdings Ltd | Novel hydroponic method of root vegetable |
| CN102027851B (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2012-05-23 | 江苏大学 | Out-of-season efficient matrix bag cultivation method of potato |
| CN102282993B (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2012-10-03 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
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