CN102967085B - A kind of air-conditioning of utilization plate-type exchanger composition and heat pump - Google Patents
A kind of air-conditioning of utilization plate-type exchanger composition and heat pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN102967085B CN102967085B CN201210484125.7A CN201210484125A CN102967085B CN 102967085 B CN102967085 B CN 102967085B CN 201210484125 A CN201210484125 A CN 201210484125A CN 102967085 B CN102967085 B CN 102967085B
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Abstract
A kind of air-conditioning using plate-type exchanger composition and heat pump are related to vaporizer and the condenser of a kind of air-conditioning made using flat plate heat exchanger or heat pump, it is capable of high energy efficiency ratio and energy-conservation, three-dimensional heat exchange chip or the heat exchange pipe heat exchanger of air-conditioning is mainly replaced by flat plate heat exchanger, the bottleneck improving Energy Efficiency Ratio can be eliminated by means of which, main method is arbitrarily to increase heat exchange area using flat plate heat exchanger and does not increase heat exchanger volume, Energy Efficiency Ratio is improved by the heat exchange amount of flat board and the ratio of compressor when controlling certain temperature difference, eliminate the consumption to electric power for the fan simultaneously, it is easy to safeguard with building perfect adaptation, high energy efficiency ratio can be realized by any flat plate heat exchanger specific surface area that increases, thus being finally reached energy-conservation purpose.
Description
Technical field
It is related to a kind of air-conditioning made using flat plate heat exchanger or heat pump, realize high energy efficiency ratio and energy-conservation.
Background technology
Energy-conservation is related to climate change, principle：It is exactly the frequent heavy rain in various places, sudden and violent in recent years there being notable phenomenon
Snow, seismic frequency increase it is simply that anomalous weather has the tendency of normalization at present, trace it to its cause, and saying from science angle can not be with
One " natural disaster " words shuffle through, and actually climate change has self deep production reason of the mankind, and this reason is just
It is to need in human being's production to consume mass energy, during consuming the energy, not only discharge and substantial amounts of there is chemical contamination
Moreover it is possible to the release caloric value suitable with energy expenditure numerical value, this caloric value numerical value is huge for gas and liquid, big to can with too
The amount of radiation in local for the sun compares, and enough to being partially formed harsh weather change or claim " natural disaster ", and this from
So disaster is preferentially in the area that hot driving is huge（City）Or preferential generation nearby, from the angle of scientific development, a city
Whether city takes energy-saving to produce " weather " change being related to this city first why？One area why under
Rain or snow, reason is that this regional overhead does not only exist substantial amounts of air, is also entrained in the vapor in air,
Vapor storage is more, condenses the heavy rain of formation to the cold or heavy snow will be bigger, and water loading of the air ability and air
Temperature be directly proportional, atmospheric temperature often improves 1 °C, its accommodate water ability will improve 4% about, such as in summer big temperature
Degree improves 10 °C, will increase by 40% about steam carrying capacity, and have enough moisture on ground accordingly in air
Why evaporation and steam discharge capacity, to meet this " the steam carrying capacity " of air, are so said？Coal, stone as everybody knows
Oil, combustion of natural gas generate carbon dioxide and water, the general molecular chemical equation of oil combustion --- and --- -- CnH (2n+2)+
（2n+1）O2=nC02+ (2n+1) H2O, n represent carbon atom number, and above chemical formula is oil, natural gas, ethane gas, propane
The molecule of gas, butagas, penta hexane etc. and the formula of oxygen reaction, the inapplicable coal of wherein above chemical formula（The hydrogen unit of coal
The amount that cellulose content does not know therefore to generate water will be less than above chemical equation quantity）.Can push away from above chemical equation
Calculate：The burning of the fossil energy such as one ton of oil or natural gas can consume about 3 tons of oxygen（I.e. 15 tons of air）, can generate about
2.8 tons of carbon dioxides and 1.2 tons of water vapor, these water vapour molecule amounts are direct less than the nitrogen of in the air and oxygen
Rise in this regional overhead, and extruding is formed to the air of surrounding, be i.e. the gas of " High Temperature High Pressure high-moisture ", due to this
A little gas pressures are larger and density is less, and therefore these warm moist airs constantly overcome gravity and resistance to rise, and atmospheric temperature is every
Rise 100 meters and about reduce by 0.6 °C, therefore these warm moist airs are handed over the cold air of atmosphere top during rising
Converge, cause the contact surface air of warm and cold air constantly to lower the temperature, form a small amount of aqueous water and condense, because warm-humid air has risen
（Several kms）, warm-humid air environment temperature is relatively low, and such warm-humid air is gradually lowered the temperature in the presence of cold air simultaneously around, and
Gradually form aqueous water, solid-state snowflake, when vaporous water is changed into liquid, volume reduction more than 99.8%, therefore rising, continuous
, large-area warm moist air by original high-pressure steam group routed one-tenth low pressure rapidly, ambient atmosphere is to low pressure area
Motion forms strong wind, and low pressure area not only has low pressure cloud cluster and rainwater, also can strengthen forming heavy rain, severe snow, companion simultaneously
There is strong wind.Therefore wind and rain origin except air natural evaporation formed condensation vapor rainfall in addition to it is simply that the mankind consume the energy
Directly contribute the result of a large amount of condensation vapors, so, reduce energy resource consumption, for improving air quality, reduce heavy rain heavy snow etc.
" natural disaster " has important practical significance.
Air-conditioning and heat pump play more and more important work in terms of air cooling, winter heating and the utilization of energy in future
With the energy consumption of current air-conditioning occupies the major part of summer electric power energy consumption, and the energy consumption of winter heating simultaneously also takes up China's energy
How the major part of consumption total amount, therefore reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning and heat pump, realizes higher efficiency ratio, has at present great existing
Sincere justice.Such as at present the efficiency ratio of national air-conditioning be 3.4-3.6 be one-level, if efficiency ratio reaches more than 7, air-conditioning energy
Consumption can be at half in current demand status decline, and energy-conservation is had great significance.And actually correctly technology can be realized
Efficiency ratio more than 10, comprehensive effectiveness is than more than 20 that is to say, that can realize huge energy-conservation by polytechnic improvement
Space.Therefore air-conditioning and heat pump technological improvement for Energy Efficiency Ratio raising and reduce China power consumption total amount and environmental protection have
Most important theories meaning and realistic meaning.
In air-conditioning and heat pump, mainly include vaporizer, compressor, condenser, choke valve, four-way change-over valve, controller,
The specific heat exchanger components of two of which are exactly vaporizer and condenser, and both parts are actually to carry out heat exchange with surrounding
Heat exchanger, in the traditional heat exchangers of air-conditioning and heat pump, more than heat exchanger thickness 300mm, length and width typically exists
More than 500mm, not only heat exchanger volume is larger, and the area in order to increase heat exchanger fin needs to increase heat exchanger volume, increases volume
Often occupy bigger living space, in the case of can not increasing heat exchanger volume, the producer making air-conditioning needs to increase fan
Power, improve the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger by increasing the flow of gas or liquid, this will increase fan power consumption,
, more than tens watts or a few hectowatt, compared with the compressor horsepower of several kilowatts and a few myriawatt, fan is hundreds of for the fan power of air-conditioning
Watt duty adjusts the 1%-30% of total power consumption, but after raising efficiency ratio, the power of compressor has downward trend, fan power
Consumption can account for the 20%-50% of total power consumption, and the power that compressor consumes is almost suitable with the power consumption of the fan of heat exchanger, because
This, this is extremely disadvantageous for improving efficiency ratio.
Content of the invention
The volume of heat exchanger and the situation of fan power can only be increased for increasing above heat exchange area, finding one kind can
Increasing area does not again increase volume, can improve efficiency and can reduce heat exchanger again and people's living space is occupied, can improve
Efficiency can not increase the heat exchanger of the consumption to electric energy for the fan again, and make that radiation, conduction, the quantity of heat convection can dramatically increase is big
Area flat panel formula heat exchanger, large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is as vaporizer and condenser and compressor, choke valve, four-way commutation
Valve, controller（Including converter）Composition air-conditioning or heat pump.
The large-area flat-plate heat exchanger of air-conditioning or heat pump includes vaporizer and condenser, is shaped as flat board, or flat board with flat
Bending angle between plate is not more than 135 °, and slab-thickness is less than 100mm, and more than 100nm, specific surface area is more than plane geometry
Area, that is, large-area flat-plate heat exchanger plane be Non-smooth surface plane, described Non-smooth surface plane refer to plane have groove or be
There are compacted grains or in coarse matte or male and fomale(M＆F), color is the blue or grey dead color of black or brown or other dark
Color is not more than 30% color to visible reflectance, and flat plate heat exchanger has larger heat exchange area, described larger heat exchange
Area refers to that what the area in actual ingress of air source or water source or other medium sources was much larger than flat plate heat exchanger looks squarely plane face
Long-pending, i.e. projected area directly perceived, described " much larger than " refer to be more than intuitively with the contact area of air source or water source or other media
Projected area more than 5%；There is in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger thinner breather line, pipe level or upright or bending or
Rotate or connect liquid cabin and the gas storehouse being located at upper and lower or left and right, described flat plate heat exchanger in irregular various structures
Liquid cabin refer to the backflow storehouse of liquid medium in flat plate heat exchanger, the gas storehouse of described large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is filled with gas
Body and the liquid, the gas storehouse of described large-area flat-plate heat exchanger and the described big face that partly constantly condense the backflow that is not also able to do in time
The liquid cabin of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger is individually present or is combined together with intermediate medium circulating line, and described being individually present refers to liquid
Storehouse and gas storehouse and circulating line have significantly outside distinguishing characteristicss, described combine together with medium circulation pipeline and cavity be from
Do not see difference architectural feature in appearance, only show the area on upper and lower or the right and left position and actual functional capability
Not, described feature difference refers to that liquid has the function at backflow position and only accommodates between gas or the function of gas-liquid mixture
Difference.
Unit interval heat exchange amount when with 5 °C of the surrounding medium temperature difference for the large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is more than compressor or takes out
Air pump or 1 times of vacuum pump power, or the list from surrounding air source or water source or other heat transferring medium in 10 °C of the temperature difference
Position time heat exchange amount is more than 2 times of compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump power, in 10 °C of the temperature difference from surrounding air source or
Unit interval heat exchange amount in water source or other heat transferring mediums is 4 to 20 times of compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump power
When, when compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump consumption electric energy all do work, the Energy Efficiency Ratio of air-conditioning or heat pump reaches more than 7,
Greatly to 20, refrigeration end and heating end are used simultaneously and are realized comprehensive energy efficiency ratio more than 14, maximum to 40.
There is in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger the cylinder that height is less than 10mm, cylinder supports flat board, cylinder side forms rule
Then or irregular medium circulation pipeline.
There is in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger the Nano microsphere more than 50nm, Nano microsphere, as flat support body, is received
Meter Wei Qiu side formation rule or irregular medium circulation pipeline.
Male and fomale(M＆F) is made using nano material in the surface of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger, on male and fomale(M＆F), puts down with table plane respectively
Row, through adjacent minimum concave point and highest salient point two plane distances be more than 50 nanometers, described table plane refer to through
The plane of countless salient points or almost plane.
The large-area flat-plate heat exchanger back side has infrared reflection plate or in the large-area flat-plate heat exchanger back of the body by wall one side
There is reflecting layer in face.
Have in radiating before large-area flat-plate heat exchanger and reduce the dark slide of solar radiation or near removing, there is resistance
The barrier of gear infrared radiation.
Large-area flat-plate is in box-shape, and thickness is more than 10mm.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger disposes according to wall, or large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is orthogonal according to corner, or according to corner,
Face, ceiling positioned vertical two-by-two.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger has cavity.
Large-area flat-plate surface has concavo-convex line.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger intensity height, the air of directly contact surrounding or water source or other media, that is, do not have
As light transmission protective layers such as glass, fiberglass.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is made up of tubulose, has gap or very close to each other or tubular body with wing between Guan Yuguan
Heat exchanger fin.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is directly made up of sheet glass, has support meanss between sheet glass, and surrounding seals, glass
It is medium between piece, medium color is the dead color being opaque to visible light but.
The tiling of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger as air conditioning bed, controls suitable temperature in bed, reduces air-conditioning during sleep
Energy expenditure.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is used in computer housing, and metal chassis make radiator, and radiator connects CPU heat exchanger.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is connected with LED reflector, strengthens LED heat-sinking capability.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is connected with quasiconductor integration module, strengthens the radiating of semiconductor device, with light cell even
Connect, strengthen generating efficiency.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger cavity is that subatmospheric state is run in low-pressure state, and system cancels compressor instead of
For vacuum pump.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger relies on building to dispose, and determines the shape of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger according to architectural feature
Shape, size.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger applications, in heat pump and air-conditioning, cancel choke valve 7.
Above technical scheme solves good effect produced by technical problem：1. cancel the fan of heat exchanger, eliminate wind
The power consumption of fan, reduces the power consumption of air-conditioning or heat pump.2. large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can increase heat exchange
Reduce the thickness of flat plate heat exchanger, reduce thickness is beneficial to heat transfer moreover it is possible to reduce volume, does not occupy life empty while device area
Between, and large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can rely on building dispose, because architectural feature determine large-area flat-plate heat exchanger shape,
Size, is organically combined with building, can beautify the environment.3. cancel heat exchanger fan and can reduce air circulation, can reduce
In air, the aerial motion of granule such as PM2.5, is easy to fine particle deposition, is easy to purify air, and people can be made to reduce
Absorption to PM2.5 granule, and reduce antibacterial and grow in air-conditioning fan, it is easy to cleaning, the body and mind beneficial to people is good for
Health.4. large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can absorption of electromagnetic radiation energy, including visible radiation（Including solar energy）, infrared ray spoke
Penetrate（Including underground heat, air energy, object energy）, electromagenetic wave radiation（Electromagnetic wave absorption after flat board matte, reduces Contamination of Electromagnetic Wave）.5.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can absorb the vibration energy that various mechanical waves and mechanical impact produce, and including sound wave, and sound wave turns
Chemical conversion heat, can reduce airwaves, can reduce noise, also can reduce infrasonic wave or ultrasound wave and health of people is produced
Harm, mechanical impact include cross-ventilation, wind, raindrop clash into etc., that is, can large-area raindrop clash into and wind energy change
Become heat.6. large-area flat-plate heat exchanger cavity runs in low-pressure state, and that is, external atmospheric pressure is more than interior media work pressure
Power, contrary with the high pressure conditions of traditional air conditioner, will not rouse and split flat board, preferable mechanicalness can be obtained using relatively thin material
Energy.7. the medium in large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can utilize the abundant heat exchange of nano material, and applications to nanostructures can be abundant
Reduce the thickness of large area heat exchanger plates and the surface roughness increasing large-area flat-plate heat exchanger, specific surface area is significantly greatly increased, that is,
Surface area in unit volume.
Brief description：
Fig. 1 is large-area flat-plate heat-exchanger model；Fig. 2 is with circulating line flat plate heat exchanger model；Fig. 3 is heat
The structural model schematic diagram of pump or air-conditioning；Fig. 4 is casing or box-shape flat plate model schematic diagram；Fig. 5 is to have electromagnetic wave
By the flat plate heat exchanger schematic diagram in hole；Fig. 6 is to have fluted slab construction schematic diagram；Fig. 7 has nanometer for top layer
The flat plate heat exchanger schematic diagram of grain；Fig. 8 is top layer nanoparticle structure schematic diagram；Fig. 9 contains nano-particle for flat board interlayer
The flat plate heat exchanger schematic diagram supporting；Figure 10 is the flat plate heat exchanger structural representation between flat board interlayer with columnar supports；
The flat plate heat exchanger structural representation that Figure 11 is 90 ° for bending.Above in Fig. 1 to Figure 11, wherein（1）For liquid cabin,（2）
For platform body,（3）For gas storehouse,（4）For vaporizer,（5）For compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump,（6）For condenser,
（7）For choke valve,（8）For flat board concave,（9）For flat board convex line,（10）Nano microsphere,（11）For metallic plate,（12）For basic unit
Granule,（13）For intermediate layer granulate,（14）For top layer nano-particle,（15）For in interlayer distribution Nano microsphere,（16）It is flat
Cylindrical body in plate interlayer,（17）For medium circulation pipeline,（18）Electromagnetic wave passes through hole.
Specific embodiment:
Existing air-conditioning or heat pump heat exchanger are stereo structure, with shell and fan, increase heat exchange area and can only increase and change
The volume of hot device and fan power, and at present using flat plate heat exchanger, area can be made arbitrarily to increase does not increase volume, so again
Heat exchanger can be reduced people's living space is occupied, very thin, the very thin heat exchanger that flat plate heat exchanger can make again simultaneously
There is preferable heat transfer effect, and energy material-saving reduces cost, due to taking large area heat exchange, it is equipped with suitable compressor again
Or the power of air pump or vacuum pump, it is possible to increase Energy Efficiency Ratio, there is no fan simultaneously, reduce the consumption to electric energy for the fan, change
Flat plate heat is exposed in the middle of the visual field is easy to maintenance maintenance.More importantly flat plate heat exchanger can make radiation, conduction, heat convection
Amount can dramatically increase, this is because the heat transfer of radiant heat transfer, convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection and conduction pattern just can be in all with area and the temperature difference
The relation of ratio.In the case of the temperature difference is metastable, heat exchange amount is all proportional with area, therefore large-area flat-plate heat exchanger energy
Enough significantly improve efficiency, large-area flat plate heat exchanger is as vaporizer and condenser and compressor, choke valve, four-way commutation
Valve, controller（Including converter）Composition air-conditioning or heat pump, choke valve can be cancelled in system above, vaporizer and
The pressure differential of condenser to be adjusted by liquid cabin liquid level.
Particular technique feature shows as：The large-area flat-plate heat exchanger of air-conditioning or heat pump includes vaporizer and condenser, steams
Sending out device and condenser is all large-area flat-plate heat exchanger, and the bending angle that it is shaped as between flat board, or flat board and flat board is little
In 135 °, because in the normal state, flat plate heat exchanger does not have bending, only flat board, but, house shape is cube,
The body of wall of such as house has 90 ° of bendings, be so accomplished by shown in Figure 11 there is the A plate of 90 ° of bendings and B plate connects jointly
Become same vaporizer or condenser system, this is to be combined the needs increasing flat plate heat exchanger area with building shape, is also
It is easy to the needs of heat exchanger stereoscopic radiation heat transfer in space, therefore 90 ° of bending has presence in reality when heating or refrigeration
Necessity, but bending angle, more than 180 °, does not just have realistic meaning, and bending angle can form rotary type heat exchanger more than 180 °,
Rotary type heat exchanger loses the meaning of flat plate heat exchanger.Why define bending angle and be not more than 135 °, this is to build for special
The restriction built, some buildings have 45° angle, and in order to cater to special building, the bending angle limiting flat plate heat exchanger is not more than
135°.As for circular building, flat plate heat exchanger makes circular slab because circle be angle slow change it is believed that
It is the continuous bending of differential form, this continuous bending angle is with the restriction of differential size, bending angle when differential is small-sized
Spend actual very little, therefore it can be assumed that its bending falls in the range of " no more than 135 ° bendings ".
Limit slab-thickness and be less than 100mm, more than 100nm.When slab-thickness is more than 10mm and is less than 100mm, flat board
Heat exchanger as " box ", has medium in box, this flat board is more heavy within the vision of people, but in shape according to
It is so " flat board " that this flat board falls into the restriction scope of flat plate heat exchanger.Figure of description 4 shows this structure, this knot
The feature of structure is that slab-thickness is larger, and liquid cabin 1 and gas storehouse 3 are up-down structure difference, do not have special shape to distinguish.Logical
Reason condition, in order to increase heat exchange or reduce space, slab-thickness be less than 10mm, defined above be more than 100 nanometers, only pin
For nanometer heat exchanger, it is the ultimate value that present specification limits.100 nanometers of thickness can also be used in future,
With building masonry wall perfect adaptation, and heat transmission equipment can not seen in appearance.More situations are the thickness of flat plate heat exchanger
Thickness between several millimeters, such as 3 to 10 millimeters of thickness.
Specific surface area is more than plane geometry area.I.e. large-area flat-plate heat exchanger plane is Non-smooth surface plane, described non-light
Sliding plane refers to that plane has groove or has compacted grains or be in coarse matte or male and fomale(M＆F), and color is black
Blue or grey dead color or brown or other dark-coloured i.e. color to visible reflectance no more than 30%, flat plate heat exchanger has
Larger heat exchange area, described larger heat exchange area refers to that the area in actual ingress of air source or water source or other medium sources is remote
Look squarely visual plane area more than flat plate heat exchanger, i.e. projected area directly perceived, described " much larger than " refer to flat board and air source
Or the contact area of water source or other media is more than projected area more than 5% directly perceived it is simply that can visually distinguish i.e.
Think and exceed projected area 5% directly perceived；Or conscious increase surface area in the design, is all the needs of this design, that is,
Conscious by increase the groove of heat exchanger surface or bending or concavo-convex increasing surface area.Specific surface area can be done in practice
To the several times of projected area directly perceived or decades of times or hundreds times or using nano material do bigger.
Unit interval heat exchange amount when with 5 °C of the surrounding medium temperature difference for the large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is more than compressor or takes out
Air pump or 1 times of vacuum pump power, or the list from surrounding air source or water source or other heat transferring medium in 10 °C of the temperature difference
Position time heat exchange amount is more than 2 times of compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump power, and this requirement is basic demand, can in reality
Higher with do.In 10 °C of the temperature difference, the unit interval heat exchange amount from surrounding air source or water source or other heat transferring mediums is
Compressor or air exhauster or 4 to 20 times of vacuum pump power, in theory when compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump mechanical efficiency
During for 100%, the Energy Efficiency Ratio of air-conditioning or heat pump can be significantly improved to 7-20.Energy Efficiency Ratio is heat exchange amount and compression in certain time
The ratio of machine amount of work, removes time factor it is simply that the ratio of heat exchange power and compressor horsepower, therefore heat exchange in the unit interval
Amount is bigger, and bigger with the ratio of compressor work power, Energy Efficiency Ratio will be bigger.The temperature difference of compressor two ends acting in practice
It it is probably 30 ° or 40 ° or 50 ° even 60 °, the temperature difference is bigger, and compressor work is more, Energy Efficiency Ratio relatively can be low.But perfect condition
The compressor work temperature difference in the case of 30 ° or 40 °, when vaporizer or condenser one end just with the extraneous temperature difference be 15 ° or
20 °, in the case of energy fully heat exchange, increase because the temperature difference increases heat exchange amount, the ratio of heat exchange amount and amount of work in the unit interval
Value maximum can reach 7-10, but seldom there is this perfect condition in reality and change it is therefore desirable to increase heat exchanger area increase
The ability of different temperatures tackled by hot device, that is, want to obtain higher energy efficiency ratio, can make during 10 °C of the temperature difference from surrounding air source or
Unit interval heat exchange amount in water source or other heat transferring medium is more than 2 times of raisings of compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump power
To 4 times, 6 times, 8 times, any high value such as 10 times, but bring up to and when more than 20, almost there is no realistic meaning, because
Although the area for increasing is a lot, the Energy Efficiency Ratio of raising is little.In improving between Energy Efficiency Ratio best ratio 4-20
Between numerical value.
The temperature difference is an also problem, because the amount of radiation of radiation heat transfer is directly proportional to the biquadratic of absolute temperature, therefore
Even if technical specification defined above is in the case that flat plate heat exchanger area and shape are fixing, at different temperatures due to radiation
5 ° of temperature difference that the difference of amount measures or 10 ° of temperature difference are not a fixed value, therefore can take 20 ° of ambient temperature as comparing
Value, that is, 30 °C with 20 °C of the temperature difference as fixed value, or 20 °C and 10 °C of the temperature difference is as fixed value, but reality
On border, ambient temperature changes greatly, and fixes a technical specification and has strict theory significance in reality, from real angle
Degree sets out and can also determine a fuzzy value, when this fuzzy value measures 5 ° of temperature difference or 10 ° of temperature difference at a temperature of normality
As fiducial value, condition is that and do not have strong wind and heavy rain and the relatively quiet situation of environmental condition not under solar radiation to heat exchange amount
Under, otherwise change in value is larger.5 ° of temperature difference and 10 ° of temperature difference therefore can be made to measure in a metastable environment, this
Stable environment refers to that near the environment of normality, 20 °C, actual temp is as fixed value, 5 ° of temperature of the 5 ° or 10 ° mensure that fluctuates
Difference or unit interval heat exchange amount during 10 ° of temperature difference, ambient stable and be not subject to wind and rain, sharp pounding, solar irradiation, strong electromagnetic
That pollutes directly affects, and this technical specification is referred to as " the quiet index " of the 5 ° or 10 ° temperature difference, because heat exchanger flat board heat exchange has
Conduction, convection current, radiate multiple heat exchange modes, add that ambient temperature is in 20 ° of medium temperatures neighbouring mensure up and down, therefore peace and quiet refer to
Mark amplitude of variation is not very big.It is strictly at 20 °C, with 20 °C as standard, and around about 20 °C 5 ° or 10 ° of temp different measurings,
Or nearby measure around 20 degree, the morning in the middle of one day or the morning can be selected to have the mensure on daytime during scattered light.
There is thinner breather line, pipe level or upright or bending or rotation or be in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger
Irregular various structure connects the liquid cabin 1 being located at upper and lower or left and right and gas storehouse 3, the liquid of described flat plate heat exchanger
Body storehouse 1 refers to the backflow storehouse of liquid medium in flat plate heat exchanger, and the gas storehouse 3 of described large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is filled with gas
Partly constantly condense liquid, the gas storehouse 3 of described large-area flat-plate heat exchanger and the described big face also not having enough time to flow back
The liquid cabin 1 of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger) it is individually present or combine together with intermediate medium circulating line 17, described being individually present is
Referring to liquid cabin 1 and gas storehouse 3 has significantly outside distinguishing characteristicss, described and medium circulation pipeline 17 with medium circulation pipeline 17
Combining together with flat board cavity is exteriorly not go out to distinguish architectural feature, only shows heat exchanger flat board upper and lower
Or the difference on flat plate heat exchanger the right and left position and actual functional capability, described feature difference refers to that liquid has backflow position
Function and the only difference between receiving gas or the function of gas-liquid mixture, the casing that such as Fig. 4 shows or box-shape
Flat plate heat exchanger, has very big hole capital after selling all securities in flat board, become the position having liquid to be properly termed as liquid cabin, can on liquid cabin
Referred to as gas storehouse, and do not see liquid cabin and the difference in gas storehouse on the outer surface.
In addition to casing flat plate heat exchanger, also relatively thin flat plate heat exchanger, heat exchanger thickness is less than 10mm, or
More than 2mm, so thin flat plate heat exchanger built-in pipe has gradually become unrealistic with the gradually thinning of flat board, for this
Need to be mingled with some cylinders between flat board, height of column is naturally less than 10mm and is more than 0.5mm, as shown in Figure 10, flat board
Cylinder 16 in interlayer is mixed in the middle of flat board, has " the flat board interlayer that height is less than 10mm in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger
In cylinder 16 ", cylinder 16 in flat board interlayer supports flat board, the cylinder 16 side formation rule in flat board interlayer or irregular be situated between
Matter circulating line.
Thinning with flat plate heat exchanger, the cylinder 16 in flat board interlayer can be replaced with Nano microsphere, is referred to
Nano microsphere 10 in Fig. 7, has the Nano microsphere 10 more than 50nm, Nano microsphere conduct in the middle of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger
Flat support body, Nano microsphere side formation rule or irregular medium circulation pipeline, because Nano microsphere side track is very thin, gas
Body molecule at the volley can the abundant heat exchange with flat board, medium temperature is easier access to ambient temperature, in liquid flowing smoothly feelings
Under condition, Energy Efficiency Ratio can be improved, as long as it is true that flat board interlayer is less little, liquid can be in gravity and compressor（Or vacuum pump,
Air exhauster）Overcome surface tension of liquid to flow back under effect, as long as medium and Nano microsphere collocation are proper, heat can be realized and fully hand over
Change and do not produce huge friction, higher energy efficiency ratio can be realized.
Micro concavo-convex plane is made using nano material in the surface of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger.Specific surface area increases for carrying
High heat exchange efficiency has and directly affects, and nano-grain can significantly increase specific surface area in surface deposition.
As shown in Fig. 8, metallic plate 11 top has granule of different sizes, and ground floor is that basic unit's granule 12 is larger
Grain, as basic unit's granule 12, described basic unit granule 12 refers to that larger granule is fixed on metallic plate 11, has one layer, at this
Layer fixing less granule above, the granule of one layer of 50um is fixed in the solid particle top of such as particle diameter about 1mm, that is, middle
Layer granule 13, the granule of 50um is fixed one layer 500 nanometers of granule, is also intermediate layer granulate 13, finally fixes one layer
The ball of 50nm, i.e. top layer nano-particle 14, that is, metallic plate connect the granule of 1mm, the granule of 1mm connect 50um
Grain, the granule of 50um connects the granule of 50nm, and the solid particle of various sizes has absorption infrared ray and in 10 °C of the temperature difference
When unit interval heat exchange amount from surrounding air source or water source or other heat transferring mediums be compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump
4 to 20 times of power, in theory when compressor or air exhauster or vacuum pump mechanical efficiency are 100%, can significantly improve
The Energy Efficiency Ratio of air-conditioning or heat pump is to 7-20.
The characteristic of visible ray, few generation is reflected, and described " one layer " is also relative concept, such as paints last when painting
Result is all to secure " one layer " thicker film, but completed after multiple rendering solvent or diluent evaporation, so mentioned here
" one layer " refers to concept functionally, that is, play the purpose that granule uniformly adheres to, and does not lie in and paints after several roads and solid during processing
Determine operation.
So, how to realize the fixation of granule？Modern industry has a variety of technique for fixing, the rendering method of such as paint,
This method is similar to and pastes fixation, and that is, even particulate dispersion, in resin binder, adds solvent or diluent, more thin, is sprinkled upon metal
On plate, resin is that macromolecular material uniformly spills on a metal plate under the dilution of solvent or diluent, and solvent or diluent is that solvent can volatilize, after volatilization
The resin of macromolecular material and granule are fixing on a metal plate.Certainly also has pigment in painting, metallic plate can add black face
Material.The opaqueness of material, such as metal can also be utilized, the light-absorbing characteristic of metal-oxide etc. itself presents naturally
Black.But typically it is not amenable to intense light with the material of resin, in addition to selecting resin, the external in modern industry is sun-proof
The substrate of paint or coating selects may be referred to.
Granule be fixed with a lot of methods, such as physical deposition methods, flat board gradually precipitates different size of granule, finally
It is sintered to fix at a certain temperature, the fusing point of this temperature relatively material.Also have magnetron sputtering method, chemical synthesiss, thing
Reason rendering method, the matte technology of similar cell panel, method is multiple, is made using process of the prior art.
Described nano material refers to the application in " matte " technology of micron and nano level material, institute in above example
State 50um, 500nm, 50nm, etc. be all nano-particle material, including the uneven nano-particle of the particle diameter in nano material and chi
Very little uniform Nano microsphere, most preferably Nano microsphere.Light absorbent such as pottery, metal etc..Metallic plate utilizes nano material
Purpose is that surface area is significantly greatly increased, and increases the metallic plate transmitting energy external to the absorbability of light and larger area infrared ray
Power.
The large-area flat-plate heat exchanger back side has infrared reflection plate or in the large-area flat-plate heat exchanger back of the body by wall one side
There is reflecting layer in face.Purpose is to reflect the infrared radiation of the absorption of metope, reduces the weight between infrared ray and radiator
Interflection, reduces in-fighting, but by reflector by the heat radiation of metope to other positions, so can accelerate heat transfer speed
Degree.
Have in radiating before large-area flat-plate heat exchanger and reduce the dark slide of solar radiation or near removing, there is resistance
The barrier of gear infrared radiation.Such as large-area flat-plate heat exchanger can be placed in sun direct projection when winter taking heat from the external world
Under, obtain high energy efficiency ratio, but be necessary in summer outwardly heat exchange covering solar radiation using shutter, be so more conducive to
Radiating, or change other transfer path, radiator is that condenser is placed in water, heating water, play heat pump effect, simultaneously real
Existing room temperature lowering.So air-conditioning or heat pump just have more than one vaporizer or heat exchanger, are flexibly switched according to season and needs
Some vaporizer or condenser.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger disposes according to wall, or large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is orthogonal according to corner, or according to corner,
Face, ceiling positioned vertical two-by-two.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger has cavity.In Fig. 5（18）I.e. electromagnetic wave passes through hole, and cavity is that electromagnetic wave passes through
The purpose in hole 18 is to pass through electromagnetic wave.In room, some places need electromagnetic wave to pass through, and metal plate has absorption or reflects
The ability of electromagnetic wave, if electromagnetic wave is all absorbed by flat plate heat exchanger or reflects, will be unfavorable for passing through of signal of communication, therefore exists
Respective location needs to leave electromagnetic wave by hole 18, is easy to electromagnetic wave and passes through, and is unlikely to affect data communication.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger surface has concavo-convex line.Display panel concave 8 and flat board convex line 9 in Fig. 6, from appearance
See that flat plate heat exchanger top assumes the fluctuating of rule, flat board concave 8 and flat board convex line 9 are adjacent, be flat board on flat board concave 8 side
Convex line 9, flat board convex line 9 side is flat board concave 8, described flat board concave 8 and flat board convex line 9 be a region it is not limited to
The concept of " line ".Due to macroscopically seeing relief region rule, relatively more straight, there is linear feature, therefore, with noun concave and convex line
It is referred to as.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is made of metal, high mechanical strength, the air of directly contact surrounding or water source or
Other media, that is, not as light transmission protective layers such as glass, fiberglass.Flat board in solar water heater often has one layer of fiberglass to protect
Sheath, this layer of protective layer is unfavorable for radiating beneficial to insulation, does not therefore need this layer of protective layer in air-conditioning or heat pump, but in order to
Prevent hail or mechanical impact, need the intensity that flat board is enough, it is to avoid flat board perforation leads to medium to reveal or break flat board heat exchange
Original balance in the inside and outside design of device.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is made up of tubulose, and Fig. 2 medium circulation pipeline 17 is managed between having gap and pipe between or not having
Gap or tubular body carry wing heat exchanger fin.When very close to each other, appearance is exactly one flat plate, built-in medium circulation pipeline 17;Sometimes
Need slab design to become tubular cooler, that is, have gap, its function, as flat plate heat exchanger, is almost formed when tubulose is intensive
Writing board shape, similar can have gap between vacuum tube compared with vacuum tube arrangement in solar water heater, but flat too
Sun can be just very close to each other, no matter vacuum pipe solar or plate type solar, and its structure is all to absorb solar radiation, in function
Upper as broad as long, but difference is very big in shape.Flat plate heat exchanger that is very close to each other or having gap its essence is the same, all falls
Enter the scope of technical scheme restriction.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is directly made up of sheet glass, has support meanss between sheet glass, and surrounding seals, glass
It is medium between glass piece, medium color is lighttight dead color.Some flat plate heat exchangers need to be made up of glass, need preferably
Absorb radiation energy it is simply that absorbing heat or distribute hot ability it is therefore an objective to increase in particular circumstances using glass substituted metal.
The tiling of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger as air conditioning bed, controls suitable temperature in bed, is formed " hotbed ", air-conditioning is just
Not necessarily freeze in bigger spatial dimension or heat, the energy expenditure of air-conditioning can be reduced.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is connected with electric appliance casing, is such as connected with computer housing, metal chassis make radiator, dissipates
Hot device connects CPU heat exchanger.Play the function of CPU radiating.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is connected with LED reflector, strengthens LED heat-sinking capability.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is connected with quasiconductor integration module, strengthens the radiating of semiconductor device, with light cell even
Connect, strengthen generating efficiency.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger cavity is that subatmospheric state is run in low-pressure state, and system cancels compressor instead of
For vacuum pump.This pattern avoids the high-voltage operation within flat board, and it is thinner that flat plate heat exchanger can do, with more adaptation
Property.
Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger relies on building to dispose, and determines the shape of large-area flat-plate heat exchanger according to architectural feature
Shape, size.
Vaporizer flat plate heat exchanger is heat absorptivity heat exchanger, and surface bends for several times, bends concave, concave inside surface every time
There is more concavities, stepped concavity, the ripple of various wavelength can be absorbed, condenser flat plate heat exchanger is infrared radiation
Heat exchanger, surface curvature is convex, and convex surface has more less convex points, launches infrared ray and reflects various wavelength
The ability of ripple is stronger.
It is in actual applications because vaporizer and condenser can exchange, concavo-convex alternate on radiation flat plate heat exchanger,
So vaporizer and condenser can neutralize concavo-convex feature makes the surface that middle sags and crests are evenly distributed.
The structure that air-conditioning or heat pump have is：Vaporizer flat plate heat exchanger, condenser flat plate heat exchanger, compressor or pumping
Medium circulation pipeline, flat board inner supporting body, control system in machine or vacuum pump, flat board（Including converter）, pressure-regulating device
（Choke valve or gravity regulating system）.Wherein vaporizer flat plate heat exchanger can be identical with condenser flat plate heat exchanger structure
Can be different, the two is referred to as large-area flat-plate heat exchanger.Large-area flat-plate heat exchanger surface has groove or texture or has
Matte or have tiny male and fomale(M＆F), increases reflective surface area and plate face intensity, or has nanometer material structure and increase specific surface area.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of air-conditioning of utilization plate-type exchanger composition or heat pump, including vaporizer, compressor, condenser, choke valve, four
Logical reversal valve, controller, is characterized in that：Vaporizer and condenser are large-area flat-plate vaporizer and large-area flat-plate condenser,
Large-area flat-plate vaporizer and large-area flat-plate condenser collectively form large-area flat-plate heat exchanger, described large-area flat-plate heat exchange
The bending angle that device is shaped as between flat board, or flat board and flat board is not more than 135 °, and slab-thickness is less than 100mm, is more than
100nm, specific surface area is more than plane geometry area, and that is, large-area flat-plate heat exchanger plane is Non-smooth surface plane, described Non-smooth surface
Plane refer to plane have groove or have compacted grains or be in coarse matte or male and fomale(M＆F), color is black or indigo plant
Color or ash dead color or brown or other dark-coloured i.e. color to visible reflectance no more than 30%, described male and fomale(M＆F) refers to big face
The surface of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger is made using nano material, on male and fomale(M＆F), parallel with table plane respectively, through adjacent minimum
Two plane distances of concave point and highest salient point be more than 50 nanometers, described table plane refer to through countless salient points plane or
Almost plane；Plane heat exchanger has larger heat exchange area, and described larger heat exchange area refers to actual ingress of air source or water
The area in source or other medium sources looks squarely the area of plane much larger than flat plate heat exchanger, and that is, projected area directly perceived, described long-range
In referring to be more than projected area more than 5% directly perceived with the contact area of air source or water source or other media；Large-area flat-plate changes
There is in the middle of hot device breather line, pipe level or upright or bending or the liquid cabin positioned at upper and lower or left and right that is rotatably connected
With gas storehouse, the liquid cabin of described flat plate heat exchanger refers to the backflow storehouse of liquid medium in large-area flat-plate heat exchanger, described big
The gas storehouse of area flat panel heat exchanger is filled with gas and partly constantly condenses the liquid also not having enough time to flow back, described big face
The liquid cabin of the gas storehouse of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger and described large-area flat-plate heat exchanger be individually present or with intermediate medium circulation pipe
Road combines together, and combining together with described medium circulation pipeline peace plate cavity is exteriorly not go out to distinguish architectural feature,
Only show the difference on upper and lower or the right and left position and actual functional capability, described feature difference refers to that liquid has
The function at backflow position and the only difference between receiving gas or the function of gas-liquid mixture.
2. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
There is in the middle of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger the cylinder that height is less than 10mm, cylinder supports flat board, cylinder side formation rule or irregular Jie
Matter circulating line.
3. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
There is in the middle of long-pending flat plate heat exchanger the Nano microsphere more than 50nm, Nano microsphere is formed as flat support body, Nano microsphere side
Rule or irregular medium circulation pipeline.
4. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
The long-pending flat plate heat exchanger back side has infrared reflection plate by wall one side or is backed with reflecting layer in large-area flat-plate heat exchanger.
5. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
Have in radiating before long-pending flat plate heat exchanger and reduce the dark slide of solar radiation or near removing, there is stop infrared radiation
Barrier.
6. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
Long-pending flat board is in box-shape, and thickness is more than 10mm.
7. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
Long-pending flat plate heat exchanger disposes according to wall, or large-area flat-plate heat exchanger is orthogonal according to corner, or according to corner, ground, ceiling two
Two positioned vertical.
8. the air-conditioning of a kind of utilization plate-type exchanger composition according to claim 1 or heat pump, is characterized in that：Big face
Long-pending flat plate heat exchanger has cavity.
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| DE4422178A1 (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1995-01-12 | Flitsch E Gmbh & Co | Device for distributing coolant in an evaporator |
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| CN1161437A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-10-08 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Absorption refrigerator and prodn. method thereof |
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| JP2009257708A (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-11-05 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat exchanger unit |
| CN201476404U (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2010-05-19 | 江苏贝德莱特太阳能科技有限公司 | Solar air conditioner |
| CN101737979A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-16 | 冯益安 | Flat-plate porous heat exchanger in solar header |
| CN102353294A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-02-15 | 阳江市宝马利汽车空调设备有限公司 | Folding-type microchannel porous flat pipe and molding method thereof |
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2012
- 2012-11-25 CN CN201210484125.7A patent/CN102967085B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4422178A1 (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1995-01-12 | Flitsch E Gmbh & Co | Device for distributing coolant in an evaporator |
| CN1107567A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-30 | 昭和铝株式会社 | Plate heat exchanger |
| CN1161437A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-10-08 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Absorption refrigerator and prodn. method thereof |
| CN101432589A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2009-05-13 | 摩丁制造公司 | Heat exchanger for motor vehicles |
| JP2009257708A (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-11-05 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat exchanger unit |
| CN201476404U (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2010-05-19 | 江苏贝德莱特太阳能科技有限公司 | Solar air conditioner |
| CN101737979A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-16 | 冯益安 | Flat-plate porous heat exchanger in solar header |
| CN102353294A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-02-15 | 阳江市宝马利汽车空调设备有限公司 | Folding-type microchannel porous flat pipe and molding method thereof |
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| CN102967085A (en) | 2013-03-13 |
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