CN1029368C - 自清式排气双轴混合反应器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于物料混合、反应的自清式排气双轴混合反应器,其双螺杆分别由多段不同方向,不同头数的螺纹块组成。在正向螺纹块上还开有多头反向螺纹,本装置既有正向推进作用,又有很强的返混、破碎作用,自清效果好,剪切混合力强,不易堵塞。螺杆直径在25~200毫米,长径比8~30,转速30~300r.p.m,特别宜于反应速度快,有相变的反应,如聚甲醛,聚芳酰胺,聚氨酯等树脂的合成以及高分子合金、复合材料的制备和固、液物料的混合等。
Description
本发明公开了一种具有自清理、混合、分散(破碎)作用,由双螺杆构成的自清式排气双轴混合反应器。
在某些反应速度快,同时伴有相变(由液相变为固相)的化学反应,以及在混合、反应过程中需加入其它组分物料(如各种添加剂、粉状或纤维状填料等)时,使用自清式混合、反应装置,具有重要意义。例如聚芳酰胺树脂、聚甲醛、聚氨酯热塑性弹性体等高聚物合成中,反应物很快生成凝胶,甚至固体,所以必须在凝胶或固体物质生成前,使反应物达到充分混合,否则很难得到高分子量产物。同时希望在混合器中完成相变过程,通过双螺杆的剧烈混合,剪切作用使物料变成粉状固体,从而防止物料包轴、结壁、确保聚合、缩聚反应能连续进行。专利中各种各样的混合装置,报道很多,如USP3,884,881;3,850,888报导了一种喷射式混合器,(日)特开昭49-6399公开了一种双锥滚子混合器…等等,它们均有易堵塞、不易操作等弊病,而且这些装置只有单一的混合功能,不可能在反应过程中补加添加剂、填料等,更不能起物料破碎和分散的作用。
USP3,195,868报道了一种由同向旋转双螺杆组成的连续混料器。该装置中除了一组正向输送螺纹外,其余均由双头捏合块组成。这种装置不适合在反应过程中有液-固相变作用的反应(如聚甲醛本体连续聚合等)。该装置传动功率很大,而且生成物会被捏合块强烈挤压而“塑化”,更不适合固体物料混合。
本发明的目的在于研制一种有自清理作用,不易堵塞,搅拌力强,使用范围广,能适合多种粘度的液体或固体物料的混合,特别是反应速度快,有相变物料的混合、反应装置。同时要求装置能同向也能异向旋转,以适应不同混合工艺的需要。
本发明的自清式双轴混合、反应器、由传动箱、筒体和两根互相啮合的螺杆组成。机筒上开有加料口、排气口、观测孔和下料口,并备有多段(根据混料反应要求而定,一般设2~8段)可以加热或冷却的夹套。两根螺杆分别由多段(一般为1~5段)开有不同螺距、不同头数(一般为1~3头)、不同旋转方向(正向或反向)螺纹槽的螺块组成,而且在正向输送螺纹槽上还开有多头(一般采用6~12头)反螺纹槽。反螺纹槽的长度根据工艺要求确定。由于本发明的螺杆采用了多段不同头数、不同螺距、不同旋向的螺纹,尤其是在正向螺纹上开有多头大螺距反螺纹浅槽,因此具有很强
的混合及破碎作用,可大幅度降低传动功率消耗。
本装置可用的传动方式很多,各种传动结构原理可参见图3。图3b图3c、图3d、图3e是常用的传动结构,可使螺杆以一固定方向旋转(同向或异向),但要改变螺杆旋转方向很困难。本发明采用图3a传动结构是由两个相同大小,互相啮合的小从动轮组成,一从动轮固定于主动轴与从动轴之间,与一根螺杆同轴;另一从动轮可位于主动轴上,也可位于从动轴上。当该从动轮位于从动轴上与固定从动轮啮合时,两螺杆异向旋转;若将该从动轮换于主动轴上,与固定从动轮啮合时,则使螺杆同向旋转。也就是说本传动结构可以很方便地通过改换一个从动轮的位置来改变螺杆旋转方向,因此本传动结构不仅十分方便,也很经济。
本发明的混合、反应装置的加料口和排气口,其底部沿轴向(物料前进方向)和径向(螺杆旋转方向)分别开有一弧面,弧面切线与轴线或螺杆径向切面成30~60°角。由于该弧面的设置,可确保反应过程或混料过程中,在加料口或排气口(抽真空排出低分子产物)不会返料。
自清式正向螺纹的经向齿形为:b= (t)/(2π) ( (π)/(m) -2arcCOS (A)/(D) ),
其中齿顶宽b等于齿根宽,t为导程,m为螺纹头数,A为两根螺杆的中心距,D为螺杆外径。
齿顶到齿根部分的曲率半径均不相等,曲线上各点的曲率半径
,α′为0至α范围内的角度变量,α为两螺杆的啮合中心角,α=2arcCOS (A)/(D) 。
本发明的螺杆,直径为25~200毫米(如果需要,最大可达到400毫米);长径比为8~30;转速为30~300r.p.m;螺杆既可同向旋转又可异向旋转。物料停留时间,可根据需要调节,一般为30秒~3分钟,螺杆螺纹顶部的剪切速率,可按下式计算:
γ=(πDn)/60δ
式中D为螺杆直径,n为螺杆转速,δ为筒体内壁与螺纹顶部的间隙。据计算,本混合反应器螺杆的剪切速率为100~2000秒-1,因此本发明的混合反应器可在短时间内(约30秒左右)达到微观混合的目的,从而可大大提高混合料的均匀性。大量实践证明,在缩聚、聚合过程中,采用本混合、反应器可以提高反应产物的特性粘度及聚合收率。由于本混合反应器的螺杆是互相刮拭的,所以自清理效果好,不会因反应物发生相变而产生堵塞现象。
根据本发明设计了φ180毫米双螺杆混合反应器,该装置采用单头梯形螺纹,螺杆中心距为127毫米,长径比为15,梯形螺纹上开有12头反螺纹槽,螺杆转速为30~50r.p.m。将该反应器试用于聚甲醛本体连续聚合,获得良好结果,产量约80公斤/小时,传动功率消耗仅22千瓦,聚合收率高达95~97%,比未开反螺纹槽的螺杆反应器,收率提高10~15%,功率消耗降低三分之二左右。更重要的是未开反螺纹槽的螺杆,所生产出的聚甲醛是与螺纹槽形状相同的月牙形块状物,而开有多头反螺纹槽的螺杆,生产出的聚甲醛为粉状产物,由此证明了在正螺纹上开以多头反螺纹槽,具有很好的粉碎作用。
采用本发明的自清式排气双轴混合、反应器进行聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺树脂(芳纶)的连续缩聚反应,也取得良好结果,该混合反应器的螺杆直径为54毫米,中心距为42毫米,长径比为15,转速为200r.p.m,异向旋转,与其它几种混料器进行了对比,结果如下:
各种混合器对芳纶缩聚的影响
混料器种类 树脂粘度(对 备注
数比浓粘度)
喷雾式混合器 4.5 易堵塞
溢流杯式搅拌混合器 5.2 易堵塞
自清式排气双轴混合反应器 6.5 不堵塞
由上表可以看出,自清式排气双轴混合反应器的效果最好。
以下结合实施例及附图,对本发明的结构,作进一步说明。
图一为本发明自清式排气双轴混合反应器(异向)图:(a).结构示意图;(b).B-B剖面图;(c).螺杆分段剖面图。
图二为加料口、排气口结构图:(a).轴向A-A剖面图;(b).径向B-B剖面图(同向);(c).径向B-B剖面图(异向)
图三为传动结构原理图(A、B、C、D、E五种传动结构)。
图四为传动箱B-B剖面图。
图五同向旋转双螺杆结构图。
参照图一:
[1]为传动箱,[2]为加料口,[3]为排气口,[3]除了可作排气口使用外,还可用作补加各种添加剂及辅料(如填料、复合材料等),[4]为观测孔,[5]为下料斗,[6]为双螺杆,[7]为机筒,筒外配以铸铝加热器,可根据工艺的需要进行加热或冷却,[8]为反向螺纹块,用以防止物料进入滚珠轴承,双螺杆[6]由四段不同螺距、不同头数、不同方向的螺纹块组成,[9]为三头正螺纹块,[10]为双头正螺纹块,其上还开有多头反螺纹槽。可增加反混及破碎效果,[11]为单头正螺纹块,[12]为双头正螺纹块,[13]、[19]为径向滚珠轴承,[14]为双轴动态密封装置,在采用填料密封的同时,在两段密封中间镶有一个金属含油密封环,环上开有一个小孔,与螺杆相通,除可通过此孔注入液体密封剂(如高粘度硅油)或充入高纯惰性气体(如精氮)外,还可通过此孔进行真空排气,把从轴封处漏入的少量空气抽掉,这样就能保证本混合、反应器在真空下操作。[15]为防尘密封圈,[16]为密封压盖,[17]为花键传动联轴节,[18]为小从动齿轮,[20]为平面推力轴承。
图二为加料口、排气口结构图,在机筒[7]上开孔,装加料口堵头[21]或[22],其上开以加料口[2]或排气口[3],在加料口、排气口底部沿轴向(物料前进方向)开有R弧,在径向(沿螺杆转动方向)开以r弧,弧面切线分别与轴线或螺杆切面成30~60°角,这样可确保在补充加料或抽空排气时,物料不会从加料口或排气口返料。
图三列出了五种传动结构原理,其中B、C、D、E四种是通常采用的传动结构。本发明采用了新型的A型传动结构,该结构是由两个互相啮合的小从动齿轮[18-2],[18-1](或[18-3])组成,通过改变[18-2]与[18-1](或[18-3])的啮合,来改变螺杆旋转方向。下面参照图四传动箱结构图作进一步说明。主传动链轮[23],使主动轴[24]带着大主动齿轮[25]转动,从而带动与之啮合的大从动齿轮[26]和从动轴[27]。互相啮合的两个大小相同的小从动齿轮[18-2],[18-1](或[18-3]),[18-2]位于主动轴[24]与从动轴[27]之间与花键传动联轴节[17-2]相连,与螺杆[6-2]同轴。当[18-1]位于从动轴上,[18-2]与[18-1]啮合时,从动轴[27]带动小从动齿轮[18-1]旋转,并通过联轴节[17-1]带动螺杆[6-1]旋转。小从动齿轮[18-1]也带动[18-2],由[18-2]带动螺杆[6-2]与[6-1]作异向旋转。若[18-1]小从动齿轮位于主轴的[18-3]位置上,[18-3]随着主动轴[24]的旋转而旋转,同时带动小从动轮[18-2]使螺杆[6-2]旋转,螺杆[6-2]带着螺杆[6-1]作同向旋转。[28]为锥形滚珠轴承,[29]为径向滚珠轴承,[30]为滚针轴承,[31]为平面推力滚珠轴承,分别承受螺杆的轴向推力。[32]为碟形弹簧。
图五是同向旋转装置的双螺杆结构图。两根螺杆分别由四段不同的螺纹块组成,L1段为大螺距双头正螺纹块,主要起快速正向输送作用,L2段为小螺距正螺纹槽,其上还开有反向螺纹槽。物料在此段有压缩和粉碎作用,L3段为反螺纹槽,物料在此形成高压,起反混作用,L4段为大螺距螺纹槽,起快速输送作用,物料在此段突然减压,有利于低分子物从排气口排出,也利于从排气口加入各种添加剂及辅料。
本装置为组合式,可根据反应要求进行组装,如改换螺杆及螺纹块可组成同向旋转或异向旋转装置,进料口、排气口传动箱也可按螺杆转向不同进行组装。因此可作到一机多能,是十分方便和经济的。
Claims (7)
1、一种用于液体或固体物料混、反应的自清式排气双轴混合、反应器,由传动箱[1],带有加料口[2]、排气口[3]、观测孔[4]、下料斗[5]及2~8段加热,冷却夹套的机筒[7],可同向或异向旋转的双螺杆[6]和双轴动态密封装置[14]组成,其特征在于:双螺杆[6]分别由1~5段不同螺距,1~3头不同旋向(正向或反向)的深槽梯形螺纹块组成,在正向螺纹块上,开有6~12头反向浅螺纹槽。
2、按照权利要求1所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于螺杆直径为25~400mm,长径比为8~30。
3、按照权利要求1所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于加料口[2]、或排气口[3]的底部,沿轴向(物料前进方向)和径向(螺杆旋转方向)分别开有R或r弧,弧面切线与轴线或螺杆切面分别成30~60°角。
4、按照权利要求1所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于双轴动态密封装置[14]内的密封填料中间镶有一个金属含油密封环,环上开有一个与螺杆相通的小孔。
5、按照权利要求1所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于传动箱[1]设有两个大小相同,且互相啮合的从动齿轮[18],其中[18-2]固定于主动轴[24]和从动轴[27]之间,与螺杆[6-2]同轴,从动轮[18-1]固定于从动轴[27]上,与螺杆[6-1]同轴。
6、按照权利要求1所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于传动箱[1]设有两个大小相同且互相啮合的从动齿轮[18],其中[18-2]固定于主动轴[24]和从动轴[27]之间,与螺杆[6-2]同轴,从动轮[18-1]装于主动轴[24]上。
7、按照权利要求1或6所述双轴混合、反应器,其特征在于双螺杆分别由四段螺纹块组成,L1为梯形大螺距双头正螺纹,L2为梯形小螺距正向螺纹,同时还开有多头反向浅螺纹,L3为反向螺纹,L4为梯形大螺距正向螺纹。
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CN101659652B (zh) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-09-05 | 中国蓝星(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种防止三聚甲醛反应器堵塞的方法及系统 |
CN102581988B (zh) * | 2012-03-17 | 2014-12-10 | 广东达诚机械有限公司 | 带混合功能的强制送料装置 |
CN104310742A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种含油污泥热解设备 |
CN105289358B (zh) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-10-20 | 中核(天津)科技发展有限公司 | 注胶设备的混料装置 |
CN105291402B (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-05-15 | 嘉兴高正新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于纳米粉体母粒加工的螺杆组合 |
CN108126625A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-08 | 佛山市金银河智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种混合输送装置 |
CN110575804A (zh) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种结构稳定y型分子筛加热式螺旋反应器 |
CN109260989A (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-25 | 嘉善龙翔人造毛绒有限公司 | 一种人造毛绒搅拌装置 |
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