CN102838415B - Medium for seedling raising and cultivation and preparation method of medium - Google Patents
Medium for seedling raising and cultivation and preparation method of medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102838415B CN102838415B CN 201210345295 CN201210345295A CN102838415B CN 102838415 B CN102838415 B CN 102838415B CN 201210345295 CN201210345295 CN 201210345295 CN 201210345295 A CN201210345295 A CN 201210345295A CN 102838415 B CN102838415 B CN 102838415B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a medium for seedling raising and cultivation and a preparation method of the medium, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production. In order to solve the problems that the existing cultivation medium uses non-renewable resources such as plant ash and vermiculite as raw materials, and environmental damages are caused because vermiculite and perlite cannot bedecomposed easily, the invention provides the medium for seedling raising and cultivation and the preparation method of the medium. The sources of raw materials are wide, the raw materials are degradable materials and pollution is not caused to the environment; and since chemical fertilizers are not used, the soil structure is not damaged. By using recycled aggregate, the problem of recycling building wastes is solved; and since kieselguhr and seaweed fertilizers take an effect of improving the soil and contain rich elements, the needs of growth of different plants can be met. By using the medium for seedling raising and cultivation provided by the invention, the survival rate of cultivated seedlings is high, the cultivated seedlings grow well and the situation that weeds grow is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly grow seedlings, cultivation matrix and making method, belong to field of agricultural production technologies.
Background technology
At present, vegetable seedling substrate commonly used is aided with different nutrients with raw materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlites, forms by different proportionings.Resource such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite is non-renewable, and exploitation processing has caused very big destruction to environment; Vermiculite, perlite are difficult for decomposing in addition, environment is had certain pollution, and peat composed of rotten mosses use cost are higher.Waste materials such as the ight soil of the cassava alcohol slag of the cutting wood chaff after the southern wood working, alcohol industry, livestock industry, factory's tankage filter mud also can produce environmental problem simultaneously.Therefore, need a kind of peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite of not containing at present, and can play the environmentally friendly culture medium of good cultivation effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of the growing seedlings of the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, cultivation matrix of not containing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned making method that does not contain the growing seedlings of the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, cultivation matrix.
A kind ofly grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, comprise the raw material of following volume proportion: wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 10-50 part, maize straw fermented product 10-30 part, natural pond slag 20-30 part, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 7.4-14.4 part of 0.05-3mm, diatomite 9.0-15 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part; The concrete waste material that described regeneration aggregate produces when referring to building demolition.
The waste material of regeneration aggregate during as building demolition itself has that porosity is big, a light specific gravity, degradable characteristic, and it is used in the effect that can play ventilative water conservation in the matrix; Replacing perlite or vermiculite with regeneration aggregate, itself is the process that a kind of scrap loop is utilized, and does not have the problem of wasting Nonrenewable resources; The main component of regeneration aggregate is that SiO2 is consistent with the main component of soil, can not have problem of environment pollution caused.
Diatomite is a kind of biogenic silicastone, tool porous matter structure, and diatomaceous porosity reaches 90-92%, and loose, light weight, porous, water-absorbent and the strong rerum natura of perviousness are arranged; Therefore it is used in matrix, can play and perlite, ventilative, water retention that vermiculite is identical; Diatomaceous Chemical Composition mainly is SiO2 simultaneously, contains a small amount of Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, P2O5 and organic substance; Organic content is from more than the trace to 30%; Therefore can also play the effect that nutritive substance is provided.
The seaweed fertilizer main component is that the natural bioactivity substance that is conducive to growth and development of plants and the marine alga of extracting from marine alga absorb also enrichment mineral nutrient element in vivo from the ocean, comprises Sargassum polysaccharides, phenols poly-compounds, N.F,USP MANNITOL, trimethyl-glycine, plant growth regulating substance (phytokinin, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, growth hormone and dormin etc.) and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, reaches trace elements such as iron, boron, molybdenum, iodine; It is a kind of free of contamination high-efficiency organic fertilizer; Seaweed fertilizer and diatomite be used can not only replace the peat composed of rotten mosses to play a role and also nutritive ingredient more comprehensive.
Therefore, seaweed fertilizer, diatomite and regeneration aggregate are used by specific proportioning, thereby not only can replace the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite or vermiculite to reach the growing seedlings of matrix, cultivation demand fully, and can also improve grow seedlings, cultivation effect; And the problem that grows grass that the peat composed of rotten mosses brings can not appear.
In order to put forward the growing nursery and culture effect, above-mentioned grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, preferred, wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 30-50 part, maize straw fermented product 20-30 part, natural pond slag 20-30 part, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 9.4-14.4 part of 0.1-3mm, diatomite 9.0-12 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part.
In order further to improve the net effect of growing nursery and culture, above-mentioned grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, preferred wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 45-48 part, maize straw fermented product 20-23 part, 30 parts of natural pond slags, 20 parts of seaweed fertilizer, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 7.4-14.4 part of 1-3mm, diatomite 12.0-15 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part.
Above-mentioned grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product wherein and the making method of maize straw fermented product are prior art; Wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product, the maize straw fermented product made by any making method all can satisfy requirement of the present invention; Adopt following making method in order to make matrix of the present invention reach optimal effectiveness;
1) wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product:
A. wooden chaff-alcohol slag adds water after mixing by mass ratio 0.75-1.5:1, and making its water content is 40-60%;
B. add excrement of animals, VT biological inoculum, heap fermentation to said mixture; When the center temperature rises to 50 ℃-70 ℃, kept 20-30 days, during turning in 4-5 days once; When water content is down to below 30%, material limbers up, during the color browning, fermentation finishes; Every cubic metre of wooden chaff and alcohol slag mixture need add excrement of animals 15-35kg, filter mud 5-10kg and VT biological inoculum 0.1-0.2kg;
2) maize straw fermented product:
Maize straw pulverize is added excrement of animals, add urea the C/N ratio is adjusted to 25 ~ 30:1, adding water, to make its water content be 40-60%, adds VT biological inoculum heap fermentation again; When the center temperature rises to 55 ℃-75 ℃, kept 25-30 days, during every turning in 3 days once; When water content reduces below 30%, fermentation is finished; Every cubic metre of crushed corn straws need add excrement of animals 5-10kg and VT biological inoculum 0.1-0.25kg;
Described water content is the quality percentage composition; Described filter mud is that sugar refinery is in pressing sugared process, a kind of organic waste materials except major products such as white sugar and brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), the main component of filter mud is debris, phat fat, protein, mineral substance and small amounts of sugars part, contain the multiple nutritions that can be used as the crop absorption such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium, can activate the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed to it, make the further humify of organic substance.
A kind ofly above-mentionedly grow seedlings, the making method of cultivation matrix, wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product, maize straw fermented product, natural pond slag, regeneration aggregate, diatomite and seaweed fertilizer are mixed in proportion.
Beneficial effect
The starting material wide material sources that of the present inventionly grow seedlings, cultivation matrix adopt, and be degradable material environmentally safe; Do not use chemical fertilizer can not damage Soil structure.Wherein the utilization of regeneration aggregate has also been solved the problem of waste material of buildings cycling and reutilization.Of the present inventionly grow seedlings, diatomite and seaweed fertilizer in the cultivation matrix have the improvement effect and contain abundant element soil, can satisfy trace element and the microorganism of different plant-growth needs, with the kind shoot survival percent height of of the present inventionly growing seedlings, cultivation matrix is cultivated, growing way is good, and the situation that can not occur growing grass.
Embodiment 1-7 is prepared grows seedlings, the parameters of cultivation matrix and peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium (peat composed of rotten mosses volume: perlite volume: parameter comparison, effect analysis such as the following table of vermiculite volume=7:2:1);
| ? | A matrix | B matrix | C matrix | B1 matrix | B2 matrix | B3 matrix | B4 matrix | Peat composed of rotten mosses matrix |
| PH value | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.2 |
| Total porosity | 90.5% | 90.7% | 90.2% | 92.0% | 91.4% | 90.0% | 90.9% | 70% |
| Unit weight (g/cm 3） | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.27 |
| Shoot survival percent | 96.9% | 98.0% | 97.5% | 98.3% | 98.5% | 98.2% | 97.5% | 95.8% |
| Seedling-growing time (my god) | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Plant height | 17.9 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 18.6 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 16.2 |
| Stem is thick | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.2 |
| Leaf area | 109 | 110 | 106 | 112 | 109 | 109 | 110 | 91 |
In the table, shoot survival percent is at the statistical average value after the multiple biological species test; Seedling-growing time be with big Fructus Lycopersici esculenti early as cultivating the data statistics that object is made, plant height, stem are thick, leaf area then is the data statistics of making in the time of 45 days at bright red tomato seedling age early.Analytically table can draw: the pH value of peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium is 6.2 to be acid, of the present inventionly grow seedlings, the pH value of cultivation matrix is 6.7-7.3, and average out to 7.02, it is neutral that integral body is, and is more suitable for the growth of plant; The total porosity of peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium is 70%, unit weight is 0.27, and the total porosity of matrix of the present invention reaches more than 90%, unit weight reaches more than 0.31, and permeability, retentiveness significantly improve; Compared to peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium, the growth situation of the shoot survival percent of matrix of the present invention, seedling-growing time, seedling all has raising in various degree.
Embodiment
1 preparation a wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product, a maize straw fermented product:
At first wooden chaff and alcohol slag are pressed mass ratio (0.75:1) mixed, and adding water, to make its water content be the 40%(mass content); Get the above-mentioned wooden chaff of 1m3 and alcohol slag mixture then, add the filter mud of 15kg excrement of animals (as chicken manure) and 5%-10% to it, the VT biological inoculum heap fermentation that adds 0.25kg again when the center temperature rises to 50 ℃-70 ℃, kept 20-30 days, turning in 4-5 days during this time once, water content is down to below 30%, and material limbers up, the color browning, i.e. fermentation finishes, and forms a wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product;
Get 1m3 after maize straw is pulverized, add excrement of animals 10kg to it, add urea the C/N ratio is adjusted to 30:1, adding water, to make its water content be 60%, adds 0.25kgVT biological inoculum heap fermentation again; When the center temperature rises to 55 ℃-75 ℃, kept 25-30 days, during every turning in 3 days once; When water content reduces below 30%, the material deliquescing, the color browning, fermentation is finished; Form a maize straw fermented product.
2 preparation b wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented products, b maize straw fermented product:
At first wooden chaff and alcohol slag are pressed mass ratio (1:1) mixed, and adding water, to make its water content be the 50%(mass content); Get the above-mentioned wooden chaff of 1m3 and alcohol slag mixture then, add the filter mud of 25kg excrement of animals (as chicken manure) and 5%-10% to it, the VT biological inoculum heap fermentation that adds 0.1kg again when the center temperature rises to 50 ℃-70 ℃, kept 20-30 days, turning in 4-5 days during this time once, water content is down to below 30%, and material limbers up, the color browning, i.e. fermentation finishes, and forms b wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product;
Get 1m3 after maize straw is pulverized, add excrement of animals 5kg to it, add urea the C/N ratio is adjusted to 30:1, adding water, to make its water content be 40%, adds 0.2kgVT biological inoculum heap fermentation again; When the center temperature rises to 55 ℃-75 ℃, kept 25-30 days, during every turning in 3 days once; When water content reduces below 30%, the material deliquescing, the color browning, fermentation is finished; Form b maize straw fermented product.
3 preparation c wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented products, c maize straw fermented product:
At first wooden chaff and alcohol slag are pressed mass ratio (1.5:1) mixed, and adding water, to make its water content be the 60%(mass content); Get the above-mentioned wooden chaff of 1m3 and alcohol slag mixture then, add the filter mud of 35kg excrement of animals (as chicken manure) and 10% to it, the VT biological inoculum heap fermentation that adds 0.2kg again when the center temperature rises to 50 ℃-70 ℃, kept 20-30 days, turning in 4-5 days during this time once, water content is down to below 30%, and material limbers up, the color browning, i.e. fermentation finishes, and forms c wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product;
Get 1m3 after maize straw is pulverized, add excrement of animals 10kg to it, add urea the C/N ratio is adjusted to 25:1, adding water, to make its water content be 50%, adds 0.1kgVT biological inoculum heap fermentation again; When the center temperature rises to 55 ℃-75 ℃, kept 25-30 days, during every turning in 3 days once; When water content reduces below 30%, the material deliquescing, the color browning, fermentation is finished; Form c maize straw fermented product.
Embodiment 1
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 30 parts of a matrix: a wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 20 parts of a maize straw fermented products, 20 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 9.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 12 parts in diatomite, 0.2 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 30 parts of b matrix: b wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 20 parts of b maize straw fermented products, 20 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 9.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 12 parts in diatomite, 0.2 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 30 parts of c matrix: c wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 20 parts of c maize straw fermented products, 20 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 9.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 12 parts in diatomite, 0.2 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 45 parts of b1 matrix: b wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 23 parts of b maize straw fermented products, 20 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 14.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 15 parts in diatomite, 0.3 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 50 parts of b2 matrix: b wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 10 parts of b maize straw fermented products, 30 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 14.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 9 parts in diatomite, 0.4 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 6
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 20 parts of b3 matrix: b wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 15 parts of b maize straw fermented products, 25 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 7.4 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 14 parts in diatomite, 0.5 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Embodiment 7
The raw material of following volume proportion is mixed, get 10 parts of b4 matrix: b wood chaffs-alcohol slag fermented product, 30 parts of b maize straw fermented products, 30 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter are 12 parts of the regeneration aggregates of 0.05-3mm, 15 parts in diatomite, 0.5 part of seaweed fertilizer.
Claims (4)
- One kind grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: the raw material that comprises following volume proportion: wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 10-50 part, maize straw fermented product 10-30 part, natural pond slag 20-30 part, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 7.4-14.4 part of 0.05-3mm, diatomite 9.0-15 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part;The concrete waste material that described regeneration aggregate produces when referring to building demolition;The making method of wood chaff-alcohol slag fermented product:A. wooden chaff-alcohol slag adds water after mixing by mass ratio 0.75-1.5:1, and making its water content is 40-60%;B. add excrement of animals, filter mud, VT biological inoculum, heap fermentation to said mixture; When the center temperature rises to 50 ℃-70 ℃, kept 20-30 days, during turning in 4-5 days once; Be down to 30% when following when water content, fermentation finishes; The mixture of every cubic metre of wooden chaff and alcohol slag need add excrement of animals 15-35kg, filter mud 5-10kg and VT biological inoculum 0.1-0.2kg;The making method of maize straw fermented product:Maize straw pulverize is added excrement of animals, add urea the C/N ratio is adjusted to 25 ~ 30:1, adding water, to make its water content be 40-60%, adds VT biological inoculum heap fermentation again; When the center temperature rises to 55 ℃-75 ℃, kept 25-30 days, during every turning in 3 days once; Be down to 30% when following when water content, fermentation is finished; Every cubic metre of crushed corn straws need add excrement of animals 5-10kg and VT biological inoculum 0.1-0.25kg;Described water content is the quality percentage composition; Described filter mud is sugar refinery in pressing sugared process, a kind of organic waste materials except white sugar and brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) major product.
- 2. according to claim 1ly grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 30-50 part, maize straw fermented product 20-30 part, natural pond slag 20-30 part, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 9.4-14.4 part of 0.1-3mm, diatomite 9.0-12 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part.
- 3. according to claim 1ly grow seedlings, cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product 45-48 part, maize straw fermented product 20-23 part, 30 parts of natural pond slags, particle diameter is regeneration aggregate 7.4-14.4 part of 1-3mm, diatomite 12.0-15 part, seaweed fertilizer 0.2-0.5 part.
- A claim 1,2 or 3 describedly grow seedlings, the making method of cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: wooden chaff-alcohol slag fermented product, maize straw fermented product, natural pond slag, regeneration aggregate, diatomite and seaweed fertilizer are mixed in proportion.
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| CN109197454A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-15 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of stalk source ginseng facility cultivation medium production method and application |
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