CN102821048B - SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) path selection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) path selection method in the technical field of network communication. The SCTP path selection method comprises the following steps of: initializing parameters; sending a heartbeat data packet by a sending end; receiving the heartbeat data packet and replying a heartbeat confirmation data packet by a receiving end; receiving the heartbeat confirmation data packet by the sending end; judging whether the heartbeat confirmation data packet is overtime; measuring the time delay of alternative paths; judging whether the heartbeat confirmation data packet is disordered; measuring the bandwidth of the alternative paths; measuring the time delay and the bandwidth of the other accessible alternative paths; evaluating the paths; and selecting the path. The SCTP path selection method has the advantages that the time delay and the bandwidth of the alternative paths are measured on the basis of not changing the packet format and the control flow of the SCTP, and on the basis, the paths are evaluated and selected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of network communication, and particularly relates to a SCTP path selection method.
Background
In the SCTP (STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL), a coupling establishes a plurality of path connections, and when single-path TRANSMISSION (optimal path TRANSMISSION) is adopted, one of the paths is selected as a main path for data TRANSMISSION, and the other alternative paths are used as backup redundancy; when multipath simultaneous transmission is adopted, data can be transmitted on a plurality of paths simultaneously.
In SCTP single-path transmission, data transmission is only carried out on a main path, and whether the path is communicated or not is tested on an alternative path through a HeartBeat data packet (HeartBeat data packet), but the connectivity of the alternative path can only be ensured, and the data transmission performance of the path cannot be measured; meanwhile, as the default heartbeat data packet is sent again after the time interval of 30 seconds, the connectivity and the data transmission performance of the alternative path cannot be obtained in time. Therefore, when the SCTP performs the main path switching and the path selection, the performance of the alternative path cannot be measured, which restricts the decision accuracy of the path switching and limits the improvement of the data transmission efficiency.
Meanwhile, in the SCTP multipath simultaneous transmission, if the performance of each path is greatly different, serious packet misordering will be caused, and it is easy to cause buffer overflow at the receiving end, so that it becomes necessary to selectively perform multipath simultaneous transmission. In the multipath simultaneous transmission, performance indexes such as delay and bandwidth of a path on which data transmission is currently performed are easily measured, but in a path on which data transmission is not performed, measurement of the path performance is difficult.
Aiming at the problem that the performance of an alternative path can not be accurately measured in SCTP single-path transmission and multi-path simultaneous transmission, the invention uses a heartbeat data packet mechanism to measure time delay and bandwidth according to the characteristics of SCTP. The method can accurately measure the performance of the alternative path on the basis of not changing the SCTP grouping format and the control flow, and carry out path selection on the basis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an SCTP path selection method aiming at the problem that the performance of alternative paths can not be accurately measured in SCTP single-path transmission and multi-path simultaneous transmission.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a SCTP path selecting method, which is characterized in that the method includes:
step 1: initializing parameters, including setting initial values of time delay and bandwidth of a main path, setting initial values of time delay and bandwidth of each available alternative path, and setting a loss error threshold and a path selection evaluation reference value;
step 2: randomly selecting an alternative path;
and step 3: the sending end respectively and continuously sends 2 identical heartbeat data packets on the alternative path, and simultaneously starts 1 timer on the alternative path aiming at each heartbeat data packet;
and 4, step 4: after receiving 2 heartbeat data packets on the alternative path, the receiving end sends 1 heartbeat confirmation data packet to the sending end through the alternative path aiming at each heartbeat data packet;
and 5: after receiving 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, the sending end detects 2 timers of the alternative path, if any 1 timer is overtime, the alternative path is considered to have data packet loss, and step 6 is executed; otherwise, executing step 9;
step 6: the sending end discards the heartbeat confirmation data packet of the current heartbeat data packet received by the alternative path after the sending end, and adds 1 to the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet;
and 7: judging the size between the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet and the loss error threshold value, and executing the step 8 when the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet is greater than the loss error threshold value; otherwise, the alternative path is not changed, and the step 3 is returned;
and 8: marking the alternative path as an unreachable alternative path, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3;
and step 9: judging whether the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets or not, if the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, discarding the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, not changing the alternative path, and executing the step 3; otherwise, executing step 10;
step 10: marking the alternative path as a reachable alternative path, and calculating the time delay and the bandwidth of the reachable alternative path;
step 11: judging whether the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, if the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, executing step 12; otherwise, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3;
step 12: calculating the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path and the maximum value of the path evaluation values of all reachable alternative paths;
step 13: and determining selectable paths according to the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path.
The calculation of the time delay of the reachable alternative path utilizes the formulaWherein,is the time delay, RTT, of the ith reachable alternative pathi1And RTTi2The time of the heartbeat acknowledgment data packet received by the sending end on the ith reachable alternative path and the time interval of the heartbeat data packet sent by the sending end corresponding to the time are respectively, i is 1, 2.
The bandwidth utilization formula for calculating the reachable alternative pathWherein,is the bandwidth of the i-th reachable alternative path, tintervalIs the time interval of 2 heartbeat acknowledgment packets received by the sending end, and S is the size of the heartbeat packet sent by the sending end.
The calculation of the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path utilizes a formulaWherein E isiThe path evaluation value, RTT, for the ith reachable alternative pathpriIs the time delay of the main path, BpriIs the bandwidth of the main path and,is the delay of the i-th reachable alternative path,the bandwidth of the ith reachable alternative path is defined, α and β are path evaluation parameters respectively, α is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 1, β is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 1, and α + β =1.
The determining selectable paths according to the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path includes:
step 101: setting an access path set as an empty set;
step 102: according to the formulaCalculating the path selection evaluation value of each reachable alternative path according to a formulaCalculating a path selection evaluation value of the main path; wherein, thetaiSelecting evaluation value for path of i-th reachable alternative path, EiPath evaluation value for the ith reachable alternative path, EbestThe maximum value of the path evaluation values of all the reachable alternative paths is obtained;
step 103: judging the magnitude of the path selection evaluation value and the path selection evaluation reference value of each reachable alternative path, and adding the reachable alternative path into an alternative path set when the path selection evaluation value of the reachable alternative path is greater than or equal to the path selection evaluation reference value; judging the sizes of the path selection evaluation value and the path selection evaluation reference value of the main path, and adding the main path into the selected path set when the path selection evaluation value of the main path is greater than or equal to the path selection evaluation reference value;
step 104: and setting the path with the largest path selection evaluation value in the selected path set as a main path, wherein the path in the selected path set is a selectable path.
The invention uses the heartbeat data packet mechanism to accurately measure the performance of the alternative path, and can provide support for the path switching of the SCTP and the path selection of the multi-path simultaneous transmission on the basis of not changing the SCTP grouping format and the control flow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a SCTP path selection method provided in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a path selection flow chart.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a SCTP path selection method provided in the present invention. In fig. 1, a SCTP path selecting method provided by the present invention is characterized in that the method includes:
step 1: and initializing parameters.
First, for convenience of description, the present embodiment sets three paths in total in the SCTP associationiI is 0,1, 2; one of the paths is set as a main path (path)0) Carrying out data transmission; there are two alternative paths, respectively alternative path 1 (path)1) And alternative path 2 (path)2). Setting the initial value RTT of the main path time delaypri，initAnd bandwidth initial value Bpri,init(ii) a Setting alternative path1Initial value of time delayAnd bandwidth initial valueSetting alternative path2Initial value of time delayAnd bandwidth initial valueSetting loss error threshold LostthreAnd a path selection evaluation reference value thetathr。
Step 2: selecting an alternative path at will, e.g. alternative pathi，i＝1,2。
And step 3: the sending end is on the alternative pathiRespectively continuously sending 2 same HeartBeat data packets Heartbeati1And HeartBeati2The size of the heartbeat packet is S. Simultaneously, aiming at each heartbeat data packet, respectively starting a timeout Timer on the alternative path1And Timer2。
And 4, step 4: the receiving end is on the pathiReceive HeartBeat data packet Heartbeat oni1Then immediately pass through pathiSending heartbeat confirmation data packet HeartBeAck to the sending endi1(ii) a The receiving end is on the pathiReceive HeartBeat data packet Heartbeat oni2Then immediately pass through pathiSending heartbeat confirmation data packet HeartBeAck to the sending endi2。
And 5: after receiving 2 heartbeat confirmation data packets, the sending end detects timers of alternative paths, and if a certain Timer is overtime, the Timer is startedi≥3RTTiTime (RTT)iThe time delay of the alternative path measured at the previous moment), it is considered that the data packet loss occurs in the path, and step 6 is executed; otherwise, step 9 is executed.
Step 6: the sending end discards the heartbeat confirmation data packet of the current heartbeat data packet received by the alternative path after the heartbeat confirmation data packet is received, and makes the heartbeat confirmation data packet lose times LostiAnd adding 1.
And 7: judging heartbeat confirming data packet loss times LostiAnd loss error threshold LostthreThe number of times Lost of the data packet Lost Lost is confirmed when the heartbeatiGreater than the loss error threshold LostthreIf yes, executing step 8; otherwise, the alternative path is not changed, and the step 3 is returned.
And 8: and marking the alternative path as an unreachable alternative path, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3.
And step 9: and judging whether the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets. If the sending end receives a heartbeat confirmation data packet HeartBeAcki1Before receiving heartbeat confirmation data packet HeartBeAcki2If yes, the 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are discarded, the alternative path is not changed, and step 3 is executed; otherwise, step 10 is performed.
Step 10: and marking the alternative path as a reachable alternative path, and calculating the time delay and the bandwidth of the reachable alternative path.
Calculating the time delay utilization formula of the reachable alternative pathWherein,is the time delay, RTT, of the ith reachable alternative pathi1/RTTi2Is a heartbeat confirmation data packet HeartBeaCK received by a sending end on the ith reachable alternative pathi1/HeartBeatACKi2Time of and HeartBeat packet sent by the sending endi1/HeartBeati2N, n is the total number of alternative paths that are reachable.
Calculating bandwidth utilization formula of reachable alternative pathsWherein,is the bandwidth of the i-th reachable alternative path, tintervalHeartBeaCK of 2 heartbeat confirmation data packets received by a sending endi1And HeartBeaCKi2S is the size of the heartbeat packet sent by the sender.
Step 11: judging whether the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, if the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, executing step 12; otherwise, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3.
For the present embodiment, if the alternative path1And alternative path2All are reachable alternative paths, then alternative path needs to be calculated1And alternative path2Delay and bandwidth. After calculating the alternative path1After the time delay and the bandwidth, an alternative path is selected2And returning to the step 3, calculating the alternative path according to the step 3-112Delay and bandwidth.
Step 12: and calculating the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path and the maximum value of the path evaluation values of all reachable alternative paths.
Calculating path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path by using formulaWherein E isiThe path evaluation value, RTT, for the ith reachable alternative pathpriIs the time delay of the main path, BpriIs the bandwidth of the main path and,is the delay of the i-th reachable alternative path,the bandwidth of the ith reachable alternative path is defined, α and β are path evaluation parameters respectively, α is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 1, β is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 1, and α + β =1.
Formula for calculating maximum value of path evaluation values of all reachable alternative pathsWhere n is the total number of alternative paths reachable.
Step 13: determining selectable paths according to the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path, including:
step 101: and setting the selection path set as an empty set.
Step 102: according to the formulaCalculating the path selection evaluation value of each reachable alternative path according to a formulaCalculating a path selection evaluation value of the main path; wherein, thetaiSelecting evaluation value for path of i-th reachable alternative path, EiPath evaluation value for the ith reachable alternative path, EbestThe maximum value of the path evaluation values of all reachable alternative paths.
Step 103: judging the path selection evaluation value theta of each reachable alternative pathiAnd a path selection evaluation reference value thetathrWhen the path selection evaluation value theta of the reachable alternative path is larger thaniIs equal to or greater than the path selection evaluation reference value thetathrAdding the reachable alternative paths into an alternative path set; determining a path selection evaluation value theta of a main path0And a path selection evaluation reference value thetathrWhen the path selection evaluation value theta of the main path0Is equal to or greater than the path selection evaluation reference value thetathrAnd adding the main path into the selected path set. Wherein theta is more than or equal to 0thrLess than or equal to 1.0, theta in single-path transmissionthr=1.0, the proposed value is θ in multipath simultaneous transmissionthr=0.5。
Step 104: and setting the path with the largest path selection evaluation value in the selected path set as a main path, wherein the path in the selected path set is a selectable path.
According to the characteristic of grouped data transmission of the alternative path peculiar to the SCTP, the invention uses a heartbeat data packet mechanism to measure the time delay and the bandwidth, accurately measures the time delay and the bandwidth value of the alternative path on the basis of not changing the SCTP packet format and the control flow, and provides support for the path switching of the SCTP and the path selection of the multi-path simultaneous transmission.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A SCTP path selection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: initializing parameters, including setting initial values of time delay and bandwidth of a main path, setting initial values of time delay and bandwidth of each available alternative path, and setting a loss error threshold and a path selection evaluation reference value;
step 2: randomly selecting an alternative path;
and step 3: the sending end respectively and continuously sends 2 identical heartbeat data packets on the alternative path, and simultaneously starts 1 timer on the alternative path aiming at each heartbeat data packet;
and 4, step 4: after receiving 2 heartbeat data packets on the alternative path, the receiving end sends 1 heartbeat confirmation data packet to the sending end through the alternative path aiming at each heartbeat data packet;
and 5: after receiving 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, the sending end detects 2 timers of the alternative path, if any 1 timer is overtime, the alternative path is considered to have data packet loss, and step 6 is executed; otherwise, executing step 9;
step 6: the sending end discards the heartbeat confirmation data packet of the current heartbeat data packet received by the alternative path after the sending end, and adds 1 to the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet;
and 7: judging the size between the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet and the loss error threshold value, and executing the step 8 when the loss times of the heartbeat confirmation data packet is greater than the loss error threshold value; otherwise, the alternative path is not changed, and the step 3 is returned;
and 8: marking the alternative path as an unreachable alternative path, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3;
and step 9: judging whether the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets or not, if the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets are out-of-order heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, discarding the received 2 heartbeat acknowledgment data packets, not changing the alternative path, and executing the step 3; otherwise, executing step 10;
step 10: marking the alternative path as a reachable alternative path, and calculating the time delay and the bandwidth of the reachable alternative path;
step 11: judging whether the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, if the time delay and the bandwidth of all the reachable alternative paths have been calculated, executing step 12; otherwise, selecting an alternative path which is not selected, and returning to the step 3;
step 12: calculating the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path and the maximum value of the path evaluation values of all reachable alternative paths;
step 13: determining selectable paths according to the path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path, including:
step 101: setting an access path set as an empty set;
step 102: according to the formulaCalculating the path selection evaluation value of each reachable alternative path according to a formulaCalculating a path selection evaluation value of the main path; wherein, thetaiSelecting evaluation value for path of i-th reachable alternative path, EiPath evaluation value for the ith reachable alternative path, EbestThe maximum value of the path evaluation values of all the reachable alternative paths is obtained;
step 103: judging the magnitude of the path selection evaluation value and the path selection evaluation reference value of each reachable alternative path, and adding the reachable alternative path into an alternative path set when the path selection evaluation value of the reachable alternative path is greater than or equal to the path selection evaluation reference value; judging the sizes of the path selection evaluation value and the path selection evaluation reference value of the main path, and adding the main path into the selected path set when the path selection evaluation value of the main path is greater than or equal to the path selection evaluation reference value;
step 104: and setting the path with the highest path selection evaluation value in the selected path set as a main path, wherein the path in the selected path set is the selectable path.
2. The SCTP path selection method of claim 1 in which said calculating the time delay of the reachable alternative path uses a formulaWherein,is the time delay, RTT, of the ith reachable alternative pathi1And RTTi2The time of the heartbeat acknowledgment data packet received by the sending end on the ith reachable alternative path and the time interval of the heartbeat data packet sent by the sending end corresponding to the time are respectively, i is 1, 2.
3. The SCTP path selection method of claim 2 in which the calculation of the bandwidth utilization formula of the reachable alternative paths is performedWherein,is the bandwidth of the i-th reachable alternative path, tintervalIs the time interval of 2 heartbeat acknowledgment packets received by the sending end, and S is the size of the heartbeat packet sent by the sending end.
4. The SCTP path selection method of claim 3 in which said calculating path evaluation value of each reachable alternative path uses a formulaWherein E isiThe path evaluation value, RTT, for the ith reachable alternative pathpriIs the time delay of the main path, BpriIs the bandwidth of the main path and,is the delay of the i-th reachable alternative path,is the bandwidth of the ith reachable alternative path, alpha and beta are path evaluation parameters respectively, and 0 is less than or equal toα≤1，0≤β≤1，α+β＝1。
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| CN105099910A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-25 | 国家电网公司 | Method for selecting virtualized network path |
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Effective date of registration: 20141102 Address after: 102206 Beijing city Changping District Zhu Daxinzhuang North Agricultural Road No. 2 Patentee after: North China Electric Power University Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Patentee after: INFORMATION & TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY OF STATE GRID XINJIANG ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Address before: 102206 Beijing city Changping District Zhu Daxinzhuang North Agricultural Road No. 2 Patentee before: North China Electric Power University |