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CN102804402A - Solar shingle system - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN102804402A
CN102804402A CN2010800371482A CN201080037148A CN102804402A CN 102804402 A CN102804402 A CN 102804402A CN 2010800371482 A CN2010800371482 A CN 2010800371482A CN 201080037148 A CN201080037148 A CN 201080037148A CN 102804402 A CN102804402 A CN 102804402A
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Prior art keywords
shingle
solar
electrode
shingles
roof
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杰弗里·G·德根菲尔德
戴维·W·卡斯滕斯
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Banyan LLC
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/20Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics; of asphalt; of fibrous materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/93Interconnections
    • H10F77/933Interconnections for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/935Interconnections for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices or modules
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明包括沥青屋顶木瓦,集成有易于安装并且能够对应每个特定应用作出改变的薄膜太阳能电池。本发明的系统包括标准沥青屋顶木瓦,带有集成的薄膜太阳能电池,其连接到木瓦相对侧上设置的两个电极。木瓦形成标准沥青木瓦的尺寸。用于将木瓦安装到屋顶的屋顶钉,将木瓦物理连接到屋顶,还可在各自木瓦的电极间建立电连接,在固定的太阳能木瓦间产生统一的电路。

Figure 201080037148

The present invention consists of asphalt roof shingles integrated with thin film solar cells that are easy to install and can be varied for each specific application. The system of the present invention comprises a standard asphalt roof shingle with integrated thin film solar cells connected to two electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the shingle. The shingles form the dimensions of standard asphalt shingles. The roof nails used to mount the shingles to the roof physically connect the shingles to the roof and also establish electrical connections between the electrodes of the individual shingles, creating a unified electrical circuit between the fixed solar shingles.

Figure 201080037148

Description

太阳能木瓦系统Solar Shingle Systems

相关申请的交叉参考Cross References to Related Applications

该申请要求2009年6月25日提交的美国临时性专利申请U.S. 61/220,539和2010年6月24日提交的美国实用新型申请U.S. 12/823,006的优先权,其公开的技术作为参考并入本申请中。 This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application U.S. 61/220,539, filed June 25, 2009, and U.S. Utility Model Application U.S. 12/823,006, filed June 24, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference Applying.

技术领域technical field

本发明主要涉及光伏屋顶系统,更具体的涉及能够发电的屋顶材料。更具体的说,本发明涉及一种能够与传统木瓦兼容并能够发电的屋顶木瓦结构和布线系统。 The present invention relates generally to photovoltaic roofing systems, and more particularly to roofing materials capable of generating electricity. More particularly, the present invention relates to a roof shingle structure and wiring system that is compatible with conventional shingles and capable of generating electricity.

背景技术 Background technique

相关领域描述Description of related fields

环境污染和能量短缺是目前全球关注的问题。越来越多兴趣集中到太阳能上,它预示了清洁能源的无限来源。太阳能是清洁的并且是增长的能量需求可以负担的解决方案。太阳能是可再生能量资源,并由于已经意识到化石燃料的有限性和核燃料的安全性,太阳能赢得了世界范围内的欢迎。现在能够完成的部分是将光能转换成电能。这样的“光伏电池”通常由例如单晶、多晶或非晶形式的掺杂硅的半导体型材料构成。 Environmental pollution and energy shortage are current global concerns. Increasing interest is focused on solar energy, which promises an unlimited source of clean energy. Solar power is clean and an affordable solution to growing energy demands. Solar energy is a renewable energy resource and has gained worldwide popularity due to the awareness of the limitations of fossil fuels and the safety of nuclear fuels. The part that can now be done is converting light energy into electricity. Such "photovoltaic cells" generally consist of semiconductor-type materials such as doped silicon in monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous form.

由光伏器件产生的能量与其上的光入射成比例,如果产生相对大量的能量,则需要相当大的收集面积。建筑物结构的屋顶和上层面积有很好的光照射,但通常并未转为生产使用。现在公知在建筑物的顶部放置光热和光伏收集器已有一段时间。例如安装光伏器件的屋顶在美国专利 U.S.5,092,939、5,232,518和4,189,881中示出。这些具体的光伏屋顶结构是木板和接缝类型。 The energy generated by a photovoltaic device is proportional to the incidence of light on it, requiring a considerable collection area if relatively large amounts of energy are generated. The roof and upper areas of the building structure are well lit, but are generally not converted to productive use. Placing solar thermal and photovoltaic collectors on top of buildings has been known for some time. Roofs mounted with photovoltaic devices, for example, are shown in U.S. Patents U.S. 5,092,939, 5,232,518 and 4,189,881. These concrete photovoltaic roof structures are of the plank and joint type.

屋顶使用的这些光伏电池变得极为普遍并成为电力的重要来源,尤其改善了器件的性能。在过去的15年,光伏(PV)太阳能的需求每年至少增长25%。与1985年21MW相比,世界范围的光伏安装从前些年安装的1086MW(表示每年增长34%)增长到2005年的1460MW(兆瓦特)。 These photovoltaic cells for rooftop use are becoming extremely common and an important source of electricity, especially improving the performance of the device. Over the past 15 years, demand for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy has grown by at least 25% per year. Worldwide photovoltaic installations grew from 1086MW installed in previous years (representing a 34% annual increase) to 1460MW (megawatts) in 2005, compared with 21MW in 1985.

光伏(PV)材料现在已经公知并可以多种形式商业获得。光伏工艺的近期进步使得低成本、光分量、薄膜光伏器件的大规模制造成为可能。现在可制造大规模的电学和光学性能平衡并且很多方面优于它们的单晶体的薄膜硅和/或锗合金材料。这些合金可高速经济的沉积在相对大的面积上以及多种器件设置中,因此它们可以容易地用于制造低成本、大面积的光伏器件中。美国专利 U.S. 4,226,898和4,217,364都公开了具体的薄膜合金,其可在本发明使用的光伏器件类型的制造中使用。然而,应该理解本发明不局限于任何光伏材料具体类型并可与多种包括晶体、多晶、微晶和非晶材料的半导体材料一起使用。 Photovoltaic (PV) materials are now well known and commercially available in a variety of forms. Recent advances in photovoltaic processes have enabled the large-scale fabrication of low-cost, light-component, thin-film photovoltaic devices. Large scale thin film silicon and/or germanium alloy materials with balanced electrical and optical properties and in many ways superior to their single crystal counterparts can now be fabricated. These alloys can be deposited at high speed and economically over relatively large areas and in a variety of device setups, so they can be readily used in the fabrication of low-cost, large-area photovoltaic devices. U.S. Patents U.S. 4,226,898 and 4,217,364 both disclose specific thin film alloys that can be used in the manufacture of photovoltaic devices of the type used in the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to any particular type of photovoltaic material and may be used with a variety of semiconductor materials including crystalline, polycrystalline, microcrystalline and amorphous materials.

太阳能领域的发展集中在固定在已有的屋顶上的太阳能模块。屋顶向太阳能电池和光伏器件的结构支撑提供光辐射的直接暴露。尽管发展增长,但是传统屋顶安装的太阳能模块的广泛使用受到安装难度和成本、美学外表尤其是它们的低转化率的限制。 Developments in the field of solar energy have focused on solar modules that are fixed to existing roofs. The roof provides direct exposure of light radiation to the structural support of the solar cells and photovoltaic devices. Despite growth, the widespread use of conventional roof-mounted solar modules has been limited by installation difficulty and cost, aesthetic appearance and especially their low conversion efficiency.

许多传统屋顶安装的太阳能模块大部分由玻璃密封物构建,设计以保护易碎的硅太阳能电池。这些模块是包括分立的机械和电学互联然后安装到存在的屋顶中的复杂系统,需要较多的安装时间和技能。另外,由于现存的模块不提供屋顶的天气保护,为了模块和它们安装的保护屋顶材料,屋主承担材料和劳动力的花销。各种模块还破坏了住宅和商业建筑的美学,导致使用受限。例如,图1中,传统太阳能板发电系统100一般包括一个或多个安装在住宅结构102的屋顶104上的刚性的太阳能板106、108。除了安装和维护昂贵,太阳能板106、108还有可能破坏住宅结构102的美学效果。 Many traditional roof-mounted solar modules are largely constructed of glass seals, designed to protect the fragile silicon solar cells. These modules are complex systems comprising discrete mechanical and electrical interconnections and then installed into existing roofs, requiring significant installation time and skill. Additionally, since the existing modules do not provide roof weather protection, the homeowner bears the cost of materials and labor for the modules and the protective roofing material they are installed on. The various modules also detract from the aesthetics of residential and commercial buildings, resulting in limited use. For example, in FIG. 1 , a conventional solar panel power generation system 100 generally includes one or more rigid solar panels 106 , 108 mounted on a roof 104 of a residential structure 102 . In addition to being expensive to install and maintain, solar panels 106 , 108 have the potential to detract from the aesthetics of residential structure 102 .

在许多情形中木瓦屋顶受到欢迎,典型的用于住宅结构,并且在那些情况中常遇到相当复杂的屋顶几何学问题。例如,沥青木瓦占美国住宅屋顶市场的近2/3。在典型的木瓦结构中,屋顶材料以卷状物或以随后位于重叠设置中的预切片形式提供。有时,屋顶被相对厚的瓦片挤压,该瓦片可以是平面的或卷曲界面的。应该注意需要具有木瓦屋顶结构的集成光伏能量产生。 Wood shingle roofs are popular in many situations, typically for residential structures, and in those cases quite complex roof geometry problems are often encountered. For example, asphalt shingles account for nearly two-thirds of the U.S. residential roofing market. In typical shingle construction, the roofing material is supplied in rolls or in pre-sliced forms that are then placed in an overlapping arrangement. Sometimes the roof is extruded with relatively thick tiles, which may be flat or curved. It should be noted that integrated photovoltaic energy generation with a shingled roof structure is required.

光伏屋顶元件通常难于安装,因为它们不仅需要以提供天气保护的方式物理连接到屋顶,而且还需要电互联(electrically interconnect)到连接到较大光伏生成系统(例如变换器、电池和仪表)的元件的布线系统。这些安装经常需要电路专家执行电互联,其难于与光伏屋顶元件物理安装的时间成比例。而且,在许多光伏屋顶系统中产生了相对大的电压差(例如100-600V)。这样,需要保护电互联不受天气影响以避免电弧和短路。 Photovoltaic roof elements are often difficult to install as they not only need to be physically connected to the roof in a manner that provides weather protection, but also need to be electrically interconnected to elements connected to the larger photovoltaic generation system such as inverters, batteries and meters wiring system. These installations often require circuit specialists to perform the electrical interconnection, which is difficult in proportion to the time it takes to physically install the photovoltaic roof elements. Also, relatively large voltage differences (eg, 100-600V) are generated in many photovoltaic rooftop systems. As such, electrical interconnections need to be protected from weather to avoid arcing and short circuits.

美国专利 U.S. 4,040,867描述了光伏木瓦结构,包括多种单个木瓦部件,其中每个其上都具有许多电互联的单晶光伏器件。为了从这类器件中获得高能量,单个木瓦必须做大或几个木瓦需要电互联。第一种方法出现了风力载荷的问题,第二种方法导致了需要大量防风雨的电互联的结构;而且,由于毛细管现象引起的临近木瓦间的潮湿蔓延能导致泄漏。另一种光伏木瓦的结构在美国专利 U.S. 4,321,416中有所描述。美国专利 U.S. 3,769,091还描述了另一种光伏屋顶系统,包括多个以重叠关系安装的单个硅器件。 U.S. Patent U.S. 4,040,867 describes a photovoltaic shingle structure comprising a variety of individual shingle components, each of which has a number of electrically interconnected single crystal photovoltaic devices thereon. To obtain high energy from such devices, a single shingle must be large or several shingles need to be electrically interconnected. The first method presents problems with wind loads, the second method results in a structure requiring extensive weatherproof electrical interconnections; moreover, the spread of moisture between adjacent shingles due to capillarity can lead to leaks. Another photovoltaic shingle construction is described in U.S. Patent U.S. 4,321,416. U.S. Patent U.S. 3,769,091 also describes another photovoltaic rooftop system comprising a plurality of individual silicon devices mounted in overlapping relationship.

近来,美国专利 U.S. 5,575,861和U.S.5,437,735公开了一种光伏屋顶系统,包括具有重叠部分的长条屋顶材料,以及来自那里的由细纹非活动区域分开的多个突出部。每个突出部分包括固定其上的光伏生成器件。密封层覆盖每条的顶部表面并沿暴露的和侧边缠绕。光伏器件被电互联,并且每个光伏木瓦部件包括用于从所述光伏器件传输能量的小的电终端。在使用中,木瓦部件固定到屋顶上,这样一排木瓦的突出部分覆盖邻接排的重叠部分。然而,每个电互联穿过屋顶到达建筑物内侧或屋顶的点。 More recently, U.S. Patents U.S. 5,575,861 and U.S. 5,437,735 disclose a photovoltaic roofing system comprising long strips of roofing material with overlapping portions, and from there multiple protrusions separated by finely grained inactive areas. Each protrusion includes a photovoltaic generating device secured thereto. A sealing layer covers the top surface of each strip and wraps along the exposed and sides. The photovoltaic devices are electrically interconnected, and each photovoltaic shingle component includes small electrical terminals for transferring energy from the photovoltaic devices. In use, the shingle units are secured to the roof such that the protruding portion of one row of shingles covers the overlapping portion of an adjacent row. However, each electrical interconnect passes through the roof to a point on the inside of the building or on the roof.

现有技术未能提供可接受的木瓦型光伏屋顶系统。而现有技术制造商已经制造出美学更令人满意且阻碍较少的方案,但由于安装难度和较差的总表面效率,该系统不具有大的价格竞争力。较低的光伏效率水平与较高的光伏系统花费相关,因为为了给定的能量需求需要更大的模块面积。现有技术器件通常厚、不牢固或它们不与标准结构工艺的几何学兼容。由此,现有技术光伏木瓦结构需要特定的安装工艺和训练过的人员,这增加了它们的成本并限制了它们的使用。而且,这些结构不易于集成到传统构建的屋顶。另外,由于器件经常具有不同的颜色和几何结构,使得它们安装时非常明显,所以现有技术光伏屋顶结构出现了美学问题。 The prior art fails to provide acceptable shingle-type photovoltaic roof systems. While prior art manufacturers have produced solutions that are more aesthetically pleasing and less obstructive, the system is not very price competitive due to installation difficulty and poor overall surface efficiency. Lower photovoltaic efficiency levels are associated with higher photovoltaic system costs because larger module areas are required for a given energy demand. Prior art devices are often thick, weak or they are not geometrically compatible with standard structural processes. As such, prior art photovoltaic shingle structures require specific installation techniques and trained personnel, which increases their cost and limits their use. Also, these structures are not easily integrated into conventionally constructed roofs. In addition, prior art photovoltaic roof structures present aesthetic problems because the devices often have different colors and geometries, making them very obvious when they are installed.

显然,需要一种尽可能类似于传统屋顶材料的光伏屋顶材料。屋顶材料的光伏部分应该自包含较大角度并易于采用传统工艺安装。还应该是相对的重量轻、防风力负荷并在恶劣大气条件下稳定。 Clearly, there is a need for a photovoltaic roofing material that resembles conventional roofing materials as much as possible. The photovoltaic portion of the roofing material should be self-contained with a large angle and easy to install using conventional techniques. It should also be relatively light in weight, resistant to wind loads and stable in adverse atmospheric conditions.

下面进一步详细描述本发明,其提供一种屋顶材料,包括合并到传统结构的木瓦原料的光伏工艺。本发明的屋顶材料易于安装并有效的将光转换为电,并可与标准的、非光伏木瓦组合用来覆盖任何所需的屋顶部分。本发明的特殊结构能够有效利用屋顶空间,用以产生电流并在使用中不明显。从下面的附图、讨论和描述中,本发明的这些和其他优势将更明显。 The present invention, described in further detail below, provides a roofing material including photovoltaic technology incorporated into conventional structural shingle stock. The roofing material of the present invention is easy to install and efficiently converts light to electricity, and can be combined with standard, non-photovoltaic shingles to cover any desired roof section. The special structure of the present invention enables efficient use of roof space for generating electricity and is inconspicuous in use. These and other advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following figures, discussions and descriptions.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明通过公开具有集成的薄膜太阳能电池的屋顶木瓦,克服了现有技术光伏屋顶系统的许多缺点,该木瓦易于安装并且能够对应每个特定应用作出改变。虽然太阳能是答案,但是执行的关键在于它是否易于被用户“接受”。如前所述,普通用户经常考虑到传统的太阳能板笨重,难于安装并且安装到他们的房子上不美观。由此,需要更易被用户接受的太阳能方案。 The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of prior art photovoltaic roof systems by disclosing a roof shingle with integrated thin film solar cells that is easy to install and can be modified for each specific application. While solar energy is the answer, the key to execution is whether it is easily "taken" by users. As mentioned earlier, conventional solar panels are often considered bulky, difficult to install and unsightly to install on their house by the average user. Therefore, there is a need for a solar energy solution that is more acceptable to users.

本发明的系统包括标准的带有多个集成的薄膜太阳能电池沥青屋顶瓦片。木瓦形成具有标准沥青木瓦的尺寸。用于将木瓦安装到屋顶的屋顶钉,将木瓦物理连接到屋顶,还可在木瓦间建立电互联形成统一电路。 The system of the present invention comprises standard pitch roof tiles with multiple integrated thin film solar cells. The shingles are formed to have the dimensions of standard asphalt shingles. Roof nails used to attach shingles to the roof physically connect the shingles to the roof and also create electrical interconnections between the shingles to form a unified circuit.

在优选实施例中,本发明的太阳能木瓦并入了柔性的光伏电池,当正确安装在屋顶时,可见到该光伏电池。两根导线连接到光伏电池,但埋于木瓦层中。由于木瓦重叠在屋顶,所以屋顶钉用于将木瓦连接到屋顶板上。在一个实施例中,钉用作电导体在木瓦之间传输并穿过电极导线。电极导线是木瓦中的导电层。第一木瓦上的正极(+)电极导线连接到两个下面的木瓦上的负(-)电极导线。所述木瓦需要能承受恶劣条件。在一个实施例中,暴露的PV电池用半透明材料覆盖,以吸收较小的影响并与雨隔离。 In preferred embodiments, the solar shingles of the present invention incorporate flexible photovoltaic cells that are visible when properly installed on a roof. Two wires are connected to the photovoltaic cells, but are buried in the shingle layer. Since the shingles overlap the roof, roof nails are used to attach the shingles to the shingle. In one embodiment, the nails are used as electrical conductors to travel between the shingles and through the electrode leads. Electrode wires are the conductive layer in the shingle. The positive (+) electrode lead on the first shingle is connected to the negative (-) electrode lead on the two following shingles. The shingles need to be able to withstand harsh conditions. In one embodiment, the exposed PV cells are covered with a translucent material to absorb minor impacts and shield them from rain.

本发明的系统还包括电池系统,其一般设置用于存储电能的房子/车库中。电池优选磷酸铅。所述系统还包括正极且负极平面通过上或下电极带建立。柔性的或薄膜PV的使用没有晶体单片集成电路PV有效率,但是本发明的木瓦易于安装在更多种多样的屋顶线结构上。而且,太阳能木瓦设计允许标准屋顶员工进行安装。 The system of the present invention also includes a battery system, which is typically located in the house/garage for storing electrical energy. The battery is preferably lead phosphate. The system also includes a positive pole and a negative plane is established by the upper or lower electrode strips. The use of flexible or thin film PV is less efficient than crystalline monolithic PV, but the shingles of the present invention are easily installed on a wider variety of roofline structures. And, the solar shingle design allows for installation by standard roofing crews.

住宅发电经常受到地方公用事业的鼓励。本发明的太阳能木瓦系统在白天产生了最大的能量并且在能量格上具有最大消耗。在电“中断”出现时,太阳能木瓦应该满足例如电冰箱和应急灯的基本房屋的能量需求。 Residential generation is often encouraged by local utilities. The solar shingle system of the present invention produces the most energy during the day and has the greatest consumption in the energy grid. Solar shingles should meet basic house energy needs such as refrigerators and emergency lights when an electrical "outage" occurs.

附图说明 Description of drawings

结合附图,通过参考下面的详细描述可获得本发明的方法和装置的更完整的理解,其中: A more complete understanding of the methods and apparatus of the present invention can be obtained by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1是典型的具有刚性光伏太阳能电池板阵列的现有技术的发电系统的等效透视图; Figure 1 is an equivalent perspective view of a typical prior art power generation system with a rigid photovoltaic solar panel array;

图2a是本发明的太阳能木瓦实施例的俯视图或外部暴露图; Figure 2a is a top or exterior exposure view of a solar shingle embodiment of the present invention;

图2b是图2a所示的本发明的太阳能木瓦的实施例的仰视图或底侧图; Figure 2b is a bottom or bottom view of the embodiment of the solar shingle of the present invention shown in Figure 2a;

图3是图2a所示的本发明的太阳能木瓦实施例的截面图; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the solar shingle embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2a;

图4是物理或电连接到光伏阵列的多个本发明的太阳能木瓦的俯视图; Figure 4 is a top view of a plurality of solar shingles of the present invention physically or electrically connected to a photovoltaic array;

图5是图4所示的本发明的多个太阳能木瓦的截面图; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of solar shingles of the present invention shown in Figure 4;

图6a-6d是描述使用本发明的太阳能木瓦的光伏系统构造的多个阶段的等效透视图。 Figures 6a-6d are equivalent perspective views depicting various stages of construction of a photovoltaic system using the solar shingles of the present invention.

这里多幅附图中使用的相同的数字表示相同或相似的部件。而且,当术语“顶”、“底”、“第一”、“第二”、“上部”、“下部”、“高度”、“宽度”、“长度”、“末端”、“侧面”、“水平”、“垂直”和类似的术语在这里使用时,应该理解这些术语仅参考附图所示的结构并仅用于易于描述发明。 The use of the same numerals in the several figures herein indicates the same or similar parts. Furthermore, when the terms "top", "bottom", "first", "second", "upper", "lower", "height", "width", "length", "end", "side", When "horizontal", "vertical" and similar terms are used herein, it should be understood that these terms refer only to the structures shown in the drawings and are used only for ease of description of the invention.

所有画出的附图仅是便于解释本发明的基本教导;在研读和理解了本发明的如下教导后,附图中关于数字、位置、关系的范围和形成优选实施例的部件的尺寸可以得到解释的或落在本领域中技术的范围内。而且,研读和理解了本发明的如下教导后,确切的尺寸和与具体力、重量、强度和类似需求一致的尺寸比例将会与本领域的相同。 All the drawings drawn are merely to facilitate the explanation of the basic teaching of the present invention; after studying and understanding the following teachings of the present invention, the range of numbers, positions, relationships and dimensions of the parts forming the preferred embodiment in the drawings can be obtained explained or within the scope of skill in the art. Also, the exact dimensions and proportions of dimensions consistent with specific force, weight, strength and similar requirements will be the same as those in the art upon study and understanding of the following teachings of the present invention.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

发明的详细描述 Detailed description of the invention

参考图2a-3,描述了本发明的太阳能木瓦的实施例200,其包括具有集成的薄膜太阳能电池的标准沥青屋顶木瓦。沥青木瓦一般由四种基本材料组成: Referring to Figures 2a-3, an embodiment 200 of a solar shingle of the present invention comprising a standard asphalt roof shingle with integrated thin film solar cells is depicted. Asphalt shingles generally consist of four basic materials:

玻璃纤维或纤维素支撑; Fiberglass or cellulose support;

沥青接合剂; asphalt cement;

称为聚合的沙粒状石头;以及 sand-like stones called aggregates; and

包括石灰石、白云石和硅石的矿物填充物或稳定剂。 Mineral fillers or stabilizers including limestone, dolomite and silica.

如图2a所示,每个太阳能木瓦200的外侧或外部朝向一侧202包括多个形成或固定在其上的薄膜太阳能电池206,且电连接到形成在或固定到太阳能木瓦200的外侧或外部朝向一侧202的上部的上部电连接体或电极导线204。分立的电导管205,例如导电引线,用于将上部电极204电连接到多个薄膜太阳能电池206上。 As shown in FIG. 2 a , the outside or exterior facing side 202 of each solar shingle 200 includes a plurality of thin film solar cells 206 formed or affixed thereon and electrically connected to the outer side of the solar shingle 200 . Or the upper electrical connection body or the electrode wire 204 on the upper part of the outer side 202 . Discrete electrical conduits 205 , such as conductive leads, are used to electrically connect the upper electrode 204 to the plurality of thin film solar cells 206 .

如图2b所示,每个太阳能木瓦200的底侧或底部朝向一侧203包括形成在或固定在太阳能木瓦200的底侧或底部朝向一侧203的中间部分的下部电连接体或电极导线208。分立的电导管207,例如导电引线,用于将下部电极208电连接到多个薄膜太阳能电池206上。每个太阳能木瓦200的底侧或底部朝向一侧203还可包括将每个太阳能木瓦200的底侧或底部朝向一侧203粘附到邻近或邻接太阳能木瓦的外侧或外部朝向一侧202的粘附条209。应该理解上部电极204可以是阴极或阳极,只要下部电极208是另外一极。且只要该设置在具体系统的所有木瓦中一致。 As shown in FIG. 2 b , the bottom side or bottom-facing side 203 of each solar shingle 200 includes a lower electrical connector or electrode formed on or secured to the middle portion of the bottom or bottom-facing side 203 of the solar shingle 200 . Wire 208. Discrete electrical conduits 207 , such as conductive leads, are used to electrically connect the lower electrode 208 to the plurality of thin film solar cells 206 . The bottom side or bottom facing side 203 of each solar shingle 200 may also include adhering the bottom side or bottom facing side 203 of each solar shingle 200 to the outside or outer facing side adjacent or adjacent to the solar shingle. 202 of adhesive strip 209 . It should be understood that the upper electrode 204 can be either the cathode or the anode as long as the lower electrode 208 is the other pole. And as long as this setting is consistent across all shingles of a particular system.

现在参考图3,注意每个木瓦200上的上部204和下部208电极隔离并彼此绝缘。而且,电导管205、207也隔离并彼此绝缘。木瓦的沥青材料可用作非导电材料。然而,观察到上部204和下部208电极设置在每个木瓦200上,因此当恰当的设置在另一木瓦的上面或下面时,它们与另一太阳能木瓦上的电极对齐。例如,如图4和5所示,当第二木瓦200b以重叠结构恰当地排列在第一木瓦200a上时,第一木瓦200a的上部电极204a构造为与第二木瓦200b上的下部电极208b对齐。 Referring now to FIG. 3, note that the upper 204 and lower 208 electrodes on each shingle 200 are isolated and insulated from each other. Furthermore, the electrical conduits 205, 207 are also isolated and insulated from each other. Asphalt material for shingles can be used as a non-conductive material. However, it is observed that the upper 204 and lower 208 electrodes are disposed on each shingle 200 so that they align with electrodes on another solar shingle when properly positioned above or below the other shingle. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the second shingle 200b is properly arranged on the first shingle 200a in an overlapping configuration, the upper electrode 204a of the first shingle 200a is configured to align with the electrode on the second shingle 200b. The lower electrodes 208b are aligned.

本发明的太阳能木瓦200设计为以类似于标准沥青木瓦安装方式安装。一串钉子212用于将一个木瓦固定到位于它下面的两个木瓦上。在一个实施例中,简单使用钉子212以确保各个上部和下部电极相互机械连接到另一个并连接到下面的屋顶304。 The solar shingle 200 of the present invention is designed to be installed in a manner similar to standard asphalt shingle installations. A string of nails 212 is used to secure one shingle to the two shingles located below it. In one embodiment, nails 212 are simply used to ensure that the respective upper and lower electrodes are mechanically connected to each other and to the roof 304 below.

在另一实施例中,钉子212可以是部分导电的,以允许从一个木瓦的上部电极向邻接木瓦的各个下部电极传输电流。部分导电钉子的使用允许电极的外部表面涂敷或密封在非导电材料中。所述的钉子部分导电是因为它们仅部分将一个木瓦的下部电极向另一木瓦的上部电极导电,反之亦然,但不允许电路到地进入下面的屋顶表面304。 In another embodiment, the nails 212 may be partially conductive to allow the transfer of electrical current from the upper electrode of one shingle to the respective lower electrode of an adjacent shingle. The use of partially conductive nails allows the outer surface of the electrode to be coated or sealed in a non-conductive material. The nails described are partially conductive because they only partially conduct electricity from the lower electrode of one shingle to the upper electrode of the other shingle and vice versa, but do not allow the circuit to ground into the roof surface 304 below.

参考附图,尤其是图6a-6d,描述了系统的安装方法。如图6a所示,典型的系统300固定到具有屋顶304的结构302上。系统300包括固定到屋顶表面304的底部边缘的下部电极带310。如附图所描述的,下部电极带310通过电连接311(例如绝缘引线)连接到收集装置312的终端,例如电池。收集装置312还通过第二电连接314(例如绝缘的引线)连接到上部电极带330上。应该理解,系统300的收集装置314可选择的包括传统电学转换器(未示出)或将生成的电流传回到电格(仍未示出)中的装置。 With reference to the drawings, and in particular Figures 6a-6d, the method of installation of the system is described. A typical system 300 is secured to a structure 302 having a roof 304, as shown in FIG. 6a. System 300 includes a lower electrode strip 310 secured to the bottom edge of roof surface 304 . As depicted in the figure, the lower electrode strip 310 is connected to a terminal of a collection device 312, such as a battery, by an electrical connection 311, such as an insulated lead. The collection device 312 is also connected to the upper electrode strip 330 by a second electrical connection 314 , such as an insulated lead wire. It should be understood that harvesting device 314 of system 300 may alternatively include a conventional electrical converter (not shown) or a device that transfers the generated electrical current back into an electrical grid (yet not shown).

如图6b所示,太阳能木瓦320的第一排通过传统方式采用钉入每个木瓦(即320a、320b、320c、320d、320e)的钉子212固定到下面的屋顶304。第一排320的每个木瓦设置使得它的下部电极208设置在下部电极带310上方。这样,当每个木瓦通过钉子212固定下面的屋顶304时,每个各自木瓦的下部电极208电连接到下部电极带320。当每个连续的和重叠的排固定到屋顶时,每个木瓦的下部电极设置在两个下面木瓦的上部电极上并与其电连接。每个太阳能木瓦的底侧或底部朝向一侧上的粘附条209还有助于结合和密封邻接电极防风雨。 As shown in Figure 6b, the first row of solar shingles 320 is secured to the roof 304 below by conventional means using nails 212 driven into each shingle (ie 320a, 320b, 320c, 320d, 320e). Each shingle of the first row 320 is positioned such that its lower electrode 208 is positioned above the lower electrode strip 310 . In this way, the lower electrode 208 of each respective shingle is electrically connected to the lower electrode strip 320 as each shingle is secured by the nails 212 to the roof 304 below. When each successive and overlapping row is secured to the roof, the lower electrode of each shingle is positioned over and electrically connected to the upper electrodes of the two underlying shingles. The adhesive strip 209 on the bottom or bottom facing side of each solar shingle also helps to bond and seal the adjoining electrodes against weather.

例如,再次参考图4和5,当重叠的太阳能木瓦200b恰当地安装在两个下面的太阳能木瓦200a、200b上时,重叠的木瓦200b的下部电极204b设置在下面太阳能木瓦200a、200c的上部电极204a、204c上,这样当通过钉子212相互固定时,在三个木瓦中都形成电连接。本领域的从业者将很快意识到下面具有图6c所示的连续重叠排320、322、324、328的形式,所有的木瓦可彼此电连接,以产生收集由光伏电池产生的电流的电路。还注意到使用的太阳能木瓦的数目相对所需产生的电流和屋顶面积的物理限制是可以改变的。 For example, referring again to FIGS. 4 and 5 , when an overlapping solar shingle 200b is properly mounted on two underlying solar shingles 200a, 200b, the lower electrode 204b of the overlapping solar shingle 200b is disposed between the underlying solar shingles 200a, 200b. 200c on the upper electrodes 204a, 204c so that when secured to each other by nails 212 an electrical connection is made in all three shingles. Practitioners in the field will quickly appreciate that in the form of successive overlapping rows 320, 322, 324, 328 shown in Figure 6c, all of the shingles can be electrically connected to each other to create an electrical circuit that collects the current generated by the photovoltaic cells . Note also that the number of solar shingles used can vary relative to the electrical current required to be generated and the physical constraints of the roof area.

如图6d所示,太阳能木瓦的最后一排被上部电极带330覆盖,这样最后一排中的每个各自的太阳能木瓦的上部电极204电连接到上部电极带330。上部电极带330反过来通过第二电连接314(例如引线)电连接到电池312。上部电极带330还可包括耐用的外部层,其允许它融入到屋顶线并保护屋顶免受雨水侵蚀。 As shown in FIG. 6d , the last row of solar shingles is covered by the upper electrode strip 330 such that the upper electrode 204 of each respective solar shingle in the last row is electrically connected to the upper electrode strip 330 . The upper electrode strip 330 is in turn electrically connected to the battery 312 through a second electrical connection 314 (eg, a lead wire). The upper electrode strip 330 may also include a durable outer layer that allows it to blend into the roofline and protect the roof from rain erosion.

这里已经描述的改善的太阳能木瓦和太阳能木瓦系统现在对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。尽管该发明通过优选实施例描述,但是很明显在不脱离其精神和范围的情况下可使用其它的调整和修改。例如,木瓦的所有组成部分可并入到类似的木瓦基中。这里所使用的术语和表述,用作描述的术语并非作为限定,也不排除等效变化,而是相反,用于覆盖不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下使用的任何和所有等效情况。 The improved solar shingles and solar shingle systems that have been described herein will now be apparent to those skilled in the art. While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is obvious that other adaptations and modifications can be used without departing from its spirit and scope. For example, all of the components of a shingle can be incorporated into a similar shingle base. The terms and expressions used herein, and terms of description, are not intended to be limiting nor to exclude equivalent variations, but on the contrary, are intended to cover any and all equivalents that may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .

Claims (20)

1.一种太阳能木瓦,包括组合: 1. A solar shingle comprising the combination of: 具有外部和底侧的沥青木瓦; Asphalt shingles with exterior and bottom sides; 所述外部包括多个固定到其上的太阳能电池和第一电极,其中所述多个太阳能电池电连接到所述第一电极;以及 The exterior includes a plurality of solar cells affixed thereto and a first electrode, wherein the plurality of solar cells is electrically connected to the first electrode; and 所述底侧包括一第二电极,该第二电极电连接到所述多个太阳能电池。 The bottom side includes a second electrode electrically connected to the plurality of solar cells. 2.根据权利要求1的太阳能木瓦,其中所述底侧还包括沿所述木瓦长度的粘附条。 2. The solar shingle of claim 1, wherein said bottom side further comprises an adhesive strip along the length of said shingle. 3.根据权利要求1的太阳能木瓦,其中所述太阳能电池包括柔性的薄膜光伏材料。 3. The solar shingle of claim 1, wherein said solar cells comprise flexible thin film photovoltaic materials. 4.根据权利要求1的太阳能木瓦,其中多个太阳能电池通过嵌入在所述木瓦中的绝缘线电连接到所述电极。 4. The solar shingle of claim 1, wherein a plurality of solar cells are electrically connected to the electrodes by insulated wires embedded in the shingle. 5.根据权利要求1的太阳能木瓦,其中所述电极设置在所述木瓦上,这样当第二木瓦以重叠方式设置在第一木瓦上时,第一木瓦上的第一电极与第二木瓦上的第二电极对齐。 5. The solar shingle of claim 1 , wherein said electrodes are disposed on said shingle such that when a second shingle is disposed on a first shingle in an overlapping manner, a first electrode on a first shingle Align with the second electrode on the second shingle. 6.一种太阳能木瓦,包括组合: 6. A solar shingle comprising the combination: 具有外部表面和底部表面的屋顶木瓦; Roof shingles having an exterior surface and a bottom surface; 所述外部表面包括固定在其上的至少一个太阳能电池和第一电极,其中所述至少一个太阳能电池电连接到所述的第一电极;以及 said exterior surface includes at least one solar cell and a first electrode affixed thereto, wherein said at least one solar cell is electrically connected to said first electrode; and 所述底部表面包括一第二电极,该第二电极电连接到至少一个太阳能电池。 The bottom surface includes a second electrode electrically connected to at least one solar cell. 7.根据权利要求6的太阳能木瓦,其中所述底部表面包括沿所述木瓦长度的粘附条。 7. The solar shingle of claim 6, wherein said bottom surface includes an adhesive strip along the length of said shingle. 8.根据权利要求6的太阳能木瓦,其中至少一个太阳能电池由柔性的薄膜光伏材料组成。 8. The solar shingle of claim 6, wherein at least one solar cell is comprised of a flexible thin film photovoltaic material. 9.根据权利要求6的太阳能木瓦,其中所述至少一个太阳能电池通过嵌入在所述木瓦中的绝缘线电连接到所述电极。 9. The solar shingle of claim 6, wherein said at least one solar cell is electrically connected to said electrodes by insulated wires embedded in said shingle. 10.根据权利要求6的太阳能木瓦,其中所述电极设置在所述木瓦上,这样当第二木瓦以重叠方式设置于第一木瓦上时,第一木瓦上的第一电极与第二木瓦上的第二电极对齐。 10. The solar shingle of claim 6, wherein said electrodes are disposed on said shingle such that when a second shingle is disposed on a first shingle in an overlapping manner, a first electrode on a first shingle Align with the second electrode on the second shingle. 11.一种发电系统,包括组合: 11. A power generation system comprising the combination of: 一电收集装置; an electrical collection device; 电连接到所述收集装置的第一电极带,所述第一电极带固定到屋顶表面上; a first electrode strip electrically connected to said collection means, said first electrode strip being affixed to a roof surface; 电连接到所述收集装置的第二电极带,所述第二电极带固定到所述屋顶表面,并与所述第一电极带间隔开; a second electrode strip electrically connected to the collection device, the second electrode strip secured to the roof surface and spaced apart from the first electrode strip; 以重叠方式设置在第一和第二电极带之间的多个太阳能木瓦,其中每个所述多个太阳能木瓦包括: A plurality of solar shingles disposed in an overlapping manner between the first and second electrode strips, wherein each of the plurality of solar shingles comprises: 具有外部表面和底部表面的屋顶木瓦; Roof shingles having an exterior surface and a bottom surface; 所述外部表面包括固定在其上的至少一个太阳能电池和第一电极,其中所述至少一个太阳能电池电连接到所述的第一电极;以及 said exterior surface includes at least one solar cell and a first electrode affixed thereto, wherein said at least one solar cell is electrically connected to said first electrode; and 所述底部表面包括一第二电极,该第二电极电连接到至少一个太阳能电池; said bottom surface includes a second electrode electrically connected to at least one solar cell; 其中所述电极设置在所述木瓦上,这样当第二木瓦以重叠方式设置于第一木瓦上时,第一木瓦上的第一电极与第二木瓦上的第二电极对齐; wherein the electrodes are positioned on the shingles such that when a second shingle is positioned in an overlapping manner on the first shingle, the first electrode on the first shingle is aligned with the second electrode on the second shingle ; 其中,所述多个太阳能木瓦以所述重叠方式设置时,在所述第一和第二电极带之间形成电路。 Wherein, when said plurality of solar shingles are arranged in said overlapping manner, a circuit is formed between said first and second electrode strips. 12.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中所述电收集装置包括电池。 12. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein said electrical collection device comprises a battery. 13.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中所述电收集装置包括电转换器装置。 13. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein said electrical collection means comprises electrical converter means. 14.根据权利要求13的发电系统,其中所述电转换器装置连接到电格。 14. A power generation system according to claim 13, wherein said electrical converter means is connected to an electrical grid. 15.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中每个太阳能木瓦的底部表面包括沿所述木瓦长度的粘附条。 15. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein the bottom surface of each solar shingle includes an adhesive strip along the length of the shingle. 16.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中每个太阳能木瓦上的所述至少一个太阳能电池由柔性的薄膜光伏材料组成。 16. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein said at least one solar cell on each solar shingle is comprised of a flexible thin film photovoltaic material. 17.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中所述第一电极带电连接到第一排中的每个所述多个太阳能木瓦的底部表面上的所述第二电极。 17. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein said first electrode is electrically connected to said second electrode on a bottom surface of each of said plurality of solar shingles in a first row. 18.根据权利要求17的发电系统,其中所述第二电极带电连接到第二排中的每个所述多个太阳能木瓦的外部表面上的所述第一电极。 18. The power generation system of claim 17, wherein said second electrode is electrically connected to said first electrode on an exterior surface of each of said plurality of solar shingles in a second row. 19.根据权利要求11的发电系统,其中每个所述多个太阳能木瓦通过至少一个钉子扣件固定到所述屋顶表面。 19. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein each of said plurality of solar shingles is secured to said roof surface by at least one nail fastener. 20.根据权利要求19的发电系统,其中所述至少一个钉子扣件是部分导电的。 20. The power generation system of claim 19, wherein said at least one nail fastener is partially conductive.
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