CN102760974B - Antenna and active antenna system - Google Patents
Antenna and active antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102760974B CN102760974B CN201210243134.7A CN201210243134A CN102760974B CN 102760974 B CN102760974 B CN 102760974B CN 201210243134 A CN201210243134 A CN 201210243134A CN 102760974 B CN102760974 B CN 102760974B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication and discloses an antenna. The antenna comprises at least one row of unit oscillators and a feed network, wherein each row of unit oscillators comprises a plurality of unit oscillators; the feed network is used for providing same power disconcentration values to each unit oscillator in one same row; and the spaces and the density between adjacent oscillators of one same row of unit oscillators are unequal. The invention also provides an active antenna system. As the spaces and the density between adjacent oscillators of one same row of unit oscillators are unequal and each oscillator in one same row of unit oscillators is supplied with same power disconcentration values through the feed network, the feed network is simplified; and moreover the realizability, the manufacturability and the stability of the antenna are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, particularly relate to a kind of antenna and active antenna system.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 1, existing antenna is made up of a lot of array antenna, and every array antenna is all made up of a lot of unit oscillators.In every array antenna, the position difference of unit oscillator owing to laying, middle unit oscillator requires that increasing merit divides weights, to strengthen the main lobe gain of vertical plane; The unit oscillator at edge requires that reducing merit divides weights, to suppress the secondary lobe gain of vertical plane.In order to entire physical matching meets radiation characteristic (strengthening main lobe, suppressed sidelobes), introduce feeding network, make the unit oscillator of each diverse location adopt different merits to divide weights.Wherein, Fig. 1 illustrate only the unit oscillator of antenna, and other parts (such as) feeding network does not illustrate.
As shown in Figure 2, for single-band antenna, all unit oscillators launch same frequency, oscillator size is identical, in the unit oscillator of the every array antenna of traditional antenna, the spacing (comprising oscillator length and oscillator gap lengths) of adjacent vibration generators is equal, and feeding network is divided by multiple merit, makes the oscillator electric current being supplied to each different placement different, thus play suppressed sidelobes, meet the emission requirements on antennas orthogonal direction.Wherein, Fig. 2 illustrate only a column unit oscillator.
But, along with active antenna system (Active Antenna System, AAS) fast development, bring following problem: in AAS, be integrated with radio-frequency module, this makes the feeding network interior joint of antenna increase in a large number, what increase AAS realizes difficulty, brings great risk to the reliability of AAS, manufacturability, stability; The integrated multiple standard of further AAS broadband system, make the electric current of feeding network distribute become increasingly complex, loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna, to improve reliability and the stability of antenna.
Described antenna comprises at least one column unit oscillator and feeding network, it is characterized in that, often row comprise multiple unit oscillator, described feeding network is used for providing identical merit to divide weights for each unit oscillator in same column unit oscillator, and the spacing density in described same row between adjacent cells oscillator is not etc.
Optionally, the spacing in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is adjustable.
Optionally, the merit of described each unit oscillator divides weights to be that described feeding network is supplied to the current value of each unit oscillator by merit partial node.
Optionally, the spacing in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is d=L
1/ 2+L
2/ 2, wherein L
1, L
2be respectively the length that two adjacent unit oscillators are occupied in a column direction, calculated by following formula:
L=(I*L
known antenna)/I
known antenna, wherein I represents that the merit that feeding network supplies described unit oscillator divides weights, L
known antennarepresent the length of unit oscillator occupied by column direction in known antenna, I
known antennarepresent that the merit of unit oscillator in known antenna divides weights.
Optionally, for same column unit oscillator, calculate the ratio of unit oscillator length L occupied in a column direction and the length summation occupied by all unit oscillators of this row, the height of this ratio with corresponding known antenna is multiplied, obtains the length L ' after the optimization occupied in a column direction of unit oscillator;
Basis again:
d’＝L’1/2+L’2/2
Calculate the spacing after the optimization between adjacent cells oscillator; Or
The spacing of each oscillator in same column unit oscillator is adjusted by a certain percentage.
In described at least one column unit oscillator, from the two ends of this column unit oscillator to center, the spacing of adjacent cells oscillator reduces gradually.
Optionally, in described at least one column unit oscillator, unit oscillator is arranged relative to the Central Symmetry of this column unit oscillator.
Optionally, described feeding network provides identical current value by the unit oscillator that at least one power splitter is same row.
Optionally, the oscillator size in described at least one column unit oscillator is identical.
Optionally, when antenna comprises multiple row unit oscillator, identical with the oscillator size in column unit oscillator, the oscillator in different lines unit oscillator varies in size.
Optionally, the oscillator density rule of different lines unit oscillator is different.
Optionally, not identical with the oscillator size in column unit oscillator.
The present invention also provides a kind of active antenna system on the other hand, it is characterized in that, comprises foregoing antenna.
Optionally, described system also comprises the radio-frequency module be connected with described antenna.
The present invention by by the line space design in same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator be density not etc., and feeding network provides identical merit to divide weights for each unit oscillator in same column unit oscillator, simplifies feeding network.And improve the realizability of antenna, manufacturability and stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing antenna structure and vertical radiation schematic diagram thereof;
Fig. 2 is the structure of unit oscillator in existing antenna and the relation schematic diagram with feeding network thereof;
Fig. 3 is the structure of unit oscillator in inventive antenna and the relation schematic diagram with feeding network thereof;
Fig. 4 represents the relation of spacing between adjacent cells oscillator and unit oscillator length.
The equidistant antenna structure view of the tradition that Fig. 5 uses when being and carrying out comparative illustration;
The of the present invention sparse antenna structure view such as not grade that Fig. 6 uses when being and carrying out comparative illustration;
Fig. 7 is the vertical plane radiation oscillogram that the conventional antenna structures of Fig. 5 and structure of the present invention are formed;
Fig. 8 is AAS single-band antenna system configuration schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is that in AAS wide frequency antenna system of the present invention, high and low frequency unit oscillator often arranges and independently lays structural representation;
Figure 10 is that in AAS wide frequency antenna system of the present invention, high and low frequency unit oscillator often arranges mixing and lays structural representation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of antenna, comprise at least one column unit oscillator and feeding network, every column unit oscillator comprises multiple unit oscillator, described feeding network is used for providing identical merit to divide weights for each unit oscillator in same column unit oscillator, and the spacing density in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is not etc.
Described feeding network can be connected with every column unit oscillator by coaxial cable, and unit oscillator can be made up of two oscillators, shaft-like oscillator or the helicon etc. that cross is orthogonal.
Optionally, for each column unit oscillator, from the two ends of a column unit oscillator to center, the spacing of adjacent vibration generators reduces gradually, and oscillator is arranged relative to the Central Symmetry of this column unit oscillator.Described oscillator can be made of metal, and can be half-wave dipole, full-wave dipole or 1/4 wavelength oscillator.Described oscillator can select shaft-like oscillator or orthogonal cross-shaped oscillator.
Described feeding network comprises at least one power splitter, for dividing weights for oscillator distributes merit, is preferably one, also can replace power splitter with other for the circuit realizing merit and divide, and divides weights for oscillator distributes merit.If described feeding network comprises multiple power splitter, be connected by coaxial cable between so multiple power splitter.
As shown in Figure 3, feeding network comprises one-level power splitter, described power splitter is 8 road power splitters, described 8 road power splitters are decile power splitter, just can be eight single-row unit oscillators by a decile power splitter and identical current value is provided, and conventional feeding network as shown in Figure 2, then comprise three grades of power splitters, first order power splitter is 2 road power splitters, second level power splitter is two 2 road power splitters, third level power splitter is four 2 road power splitters, these six power splitters are not decile power splitter, by six not decile power splitter provide different current values for single-row 8 unit oscillators, also need the parameter designing not decile power splitter according to the current value of each unit oscillator needs simultaneously, can compare with the conventional feeding network shown in Fig. 2 by feeding network of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, decrease network node number, simplify the structure of feeding network, be easy to Design and implementation simultaneously.
The defining method of unit element spacing is described below by way of an embodiment.
If the current density of each unit oscillator is D, unit is amperes per meter; Merit divide weights to represent the node in feeding network is supplied to the current value (being abbreviated as merit in figure to divide) of oscillator, represent with alphabetical I, unit is ampere.
As shown in Figure 4, the spacing between adjacent cells oscillator is d=L
1/ 2+L
2/ 2, wherein L
1, L
2be respectively the length that two adjacent unit oscillators are occupied in a column direction, L
1, L
2divide weights and the length computation of unit oscillator occupied by column direction to draw according to the merit of the traditional antenna identical with described antenna unit length current density, unit is rice.
Can place arbitrarily in the length that unit oscillator is occupied in a column direction, preferably, unit oscillator is placed on centre position in described length.
The computing formula of current density D is:
D＝I/L (1)
Known antenna is had:
D
known antenna=I
known antenna/ L
known antenna(2)
In order to ensure that antenna meets traditional antenna emission requirements in vertical direction, have:
D
inventive antenna=D
known antenna(3)
Therefore can obtain:
L
inventive antenna=(I
inventive antenna* L
known antenna)/I
known antenna(4)
Wherein L
inventive antennarepresent the length (comprising the length of the portion void between the unit oscillator unit oscillator adjacent with front and back) that in the present invention, unit oscillator is occupied in a column direction, I
this invention skyline represents that the merit of feeding network feed unit oscillator in inventive antenna divides weights, L
known antennarepresent that unit oscillator corresponding in known antenna is in the length (comprising the length of the portion void between the unit oscillator unit oscillator adjacent with front and back) occupied by column direction, I
known antennarepresent that the merit of unit oscillator corresponding in known antenna divides weights.The preferred prerequisite that formula (4) uses is the tranmitting frequency not changing known antenna, and namely inventive antenna is identical with the oscillator size on the correspondence position of known antenna.
I
inventive antenna=I
always/ m
unit oscillator number(5)
In formula (5), I
alwaysfor feeding network inputs the total electric current of every array antenna, m
unit oscillator numberarray antenna unit oscillator number for this reason, formula (5) represents gives each unit oscillator total electric current etc.
I
inventive antenna, L
known antenna, I
known antennabe worth all known, so according to formula (4), just can calculate L
inventive antenna.
Due to L
inventive antennaweights and the corresponding length computation of unit oscillator occupied by column direction is divided to draw according to the merit of the known antenna identical with inventive antenna current density, so for various known antenna, the present invention all can be utilized to carry out the sparse not gradeization of spacing between unit oscillator, and the radiation characteristic on the vertical radiation face identical with known antenna can be obtained.In general, the described known antenna as basis is the antenna equidistantly arranged between unit oscillator, and described known antenna meets vertical plane radiation characteristic (strengthening main lobe, suppressed sidelobes) requirement.
Basis again:
I-th adjacent cells element spacing d
i=L
inventive antenna i/ 2+L
inventive antenna i+1/ 2 (6) just can calculate the spacing between adjacent cells oscillator.
But, if calculated according to formula (6), the height of antenna may be elongated or shorten.In order to make antenna of the present invention keep identical with the height of known antenna, L can be calculated to described
inventive antennabe optimized, that is: for same column unit oscillator, calculate the ratio of the length summation occupied by all unit oscillators of unit oscillator length occupied in a column direction and described row, the height of this ratio with corresponding known antenna is multiplied, just can obtains the length L ' after the optimization occupied in a column direction of unit oscillator
inventive antenna.
Basis again:
I-th adjacent cells element spacing d
i=L '
inventive antenna i/ 2+L '
inventive antenna i+1/ 2 (6) just can calculate the spacing after the optimization between adjacent cells oscillator; Also the spacing of each oscillator in same column unit oscillator can be adjusted by a certain percentage, that is, the spacing of each oscillator be carried out convergent-divergent in proportion, with the antenna of flexible adaptation different length; Each column unit oscillator all can carry out adjusting and optimizing in the manner described above.
In fact, the spacing between adjacent vibration generators is adjustable, has a lot of mode of arranging, as long as the mode of arranging can strengthen main lobe, suppressed sidelobes, meets emission requirements in vertical direction.
Below carry out comparative illustration with the antenna of prior art and the embodiment of the present invention.
The equidistant antenna structure of tradition as shown in Figure 5, illustrate only a column unit oscillator in Fig. 5, feeding network wherein needs multiple merit partial node (being such as power splitter), and the merit of distributing for each oscillator divides weights different, and adjacent vibration generators spacing is identical, be 0.8324 λ.Antenna structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 6, illustrate only a column unit oscillator in Fig. 6, feeding network wherein only needs a merit partial node, the merit of distributing for each oscillator divides weights identical, and adjacent vibration generators spacing is different, because this reducing merit partial node, simplify feeding network.Fig. 7 shows the vertical section oscillogram contrast that the structure of Fig. 5 and structure of the present invention obtain.As can be seen from Figure 7, the vertical section oscillogram of antenna of the present invention and traditional antenna is close, can strengthen main lobe, suppressed sidelobes equally, meets antennas orthogonal emission requirements.
As shown in Figure 8, the invention provides the single standard active antenna system of a kind of single-frequency, comprise the antenna in above-described embodiment.Described system also comprises the radio-frequency module be connected with described antenna.
As shown in Figure 9, present invention also offers a kind of wideband active antenna system, this structural representation is that high and low frequency unit oscillator often arranges and independently lays, n=4 in this embodiment, be 4 array antennas, described system can also comprise the radio-frequency module (not shown) be connected with described antenna.As can be seen from Figure 9, the unit oscillator size of same frequency row is identical, and the unit oscillator of different frequency row varies in size.The design of sparse unequal-interval can carry out independent design for different frequency, and the sparse rule such as or not same frequency row can be identical.
As shown in Figure 10, the invention provides another kind of wideband active antenna system, this system configuration schematic diagram is that the unit oscillator of high and low frequency is in every row mixed-arrangement, n=4 in this embodiment, be 4 array antennas, not identical with the oscillator size in column unit oscillator, the unit oscillator size of often launching same frequency in row is identical, and described system can also comprise the radio-frequency module (not shown) be connected with described antenna.As can be seen from Figure 10, although high and low frequency mixing lays, but still according to the unit oscillator launching same frequency, the design of density unequal-interval can be carried out, and then lay interspersed for low-and high-frequency according to the distance of design.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improve and replace and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. an antenna, comprise at least one column unit oscillator and feeding network, it is characterized in that, often row comprise multiple unit oscillator, described feeding network is used for providing identical merit to divide weights for each unit oscillator in same column unit oscillator, spacing density in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is not etc., the merit of described each unit oscillator divides weights to be that described feeding network is supplied to the current value of each unit oscillator by merit partial node, and the spacing in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is d=L
1/ 2+L
2/ 2, L
1, L
2be respectively the length that two adjacent unit oscillators are occupied in a column direction, calculated by following formula: L=(I*L
? know antenna)/I
known antenna, wherein I represents that the merit that feeding network supplies described unit oscillator divides weights, L
known antennarepresent the length of unit oscillator occupied by column direction in known antenna, I
known antennarepresent that the merit of unit oscillator in known antenna divides weights.
2. antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spacing in described same column unit oscillator between adjacent cells oscillator is adjustable.
3. antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, for same column unit oscillator, calculate the ratio of unit oscillator length L occupied in a column direction and the length summation occupied by all unit oscillators of this row, the height of this ratio with corresponding known antenna is multiplied, obtains the length L ' after the optimization occupied in a column direction of unit oscillator;
Basis again:
d’＝L’
1/2+L’
2/2
Calculate the spacing after the optimization between adjacent cells oscillator; Or
The spacing of each oscillator in same column unit oscillator is adjusted by a certain percentage.
4. antenna as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described at least one column unit oscillator, from the two ends of this column unit oscillator to center, the spacing of adjacent cells oscillator reduces gradually.
5. antenna as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described at least one column unit oscillator, unit oscillator is arranged relative to the Central Symmetry of this column unit oscillator.
6. as the antenna in claim 1-5 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, the unit oscillator that described feeding network is same row by least one power splitter provides identical current value.
7. as the antenna in claim 1-5 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, the oscillator size of the same frequency in described at least one column unit oscillator is identical.
8. as the antenna in claim 1-5 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, when antenna comprises multiple row unit oscillator, identical with the oscillator size in column unit oscillator, the oscillator in different lines unit oscillator varies in size.
9. antenna as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the oscillator density rule of different lines unit oscillator is different.
10. the antenna as described in claim 1-5 any one, is characterized in that, not identical with the oscillator size in column unit oscillator.
11. 1 kinds of active antenna systems, is characterized in that, comprise the antenna according to any one of claim 1-10, and described system also comprises the radio-frequency module be connected with described antenna.
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| CN201210243134.7A CN102760974B (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2012-07-13 | Antenna and active antenna system |
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| CN201210243134.7A CN102760974B (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2012-07-13 | Antenna and active antenna system |
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| CN102760974B true CN102760974B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
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| CN103840872B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-06-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Generate device, method and the maintenance management equipment of the weights of antenna |
| CN107516769A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-26 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | The antenna of antenna pattern restructural |
| CN111525243A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-11 | 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 | Microstrip array antenna |
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