CN102769744B - Satellite image encoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite image encoding method which is improved based on an existing satellite image encoding method in a JPEG (joint photographic experts group) 2000 standard. First-layer encoding includes: firstly, adjusting the encoding sequence of code blocks according to the significant bit-plane numbers, and encoding sequentially from the most bit-plane number to the least bit-plane number; then obtaining a threshold value of the rate-distortion slope by a proposed formula according to attributes of the rate-distortion slope, wherein the threshold value serves as a first-layer encoding threshold value to cut off a redundant channel in advance; and abandoning encoding channels smaller than the threshold value, and accordingly the calculated amount and the storage amount of the first-layer portion can be greatly decreased but the peak signal-to-noise ratio of a satellite image is hardly changed. Moreover, encoding efficiency is improved while encoding speed is increased since not all encoding channels need to be encoded in the first-layer portion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of image processing, be specifically related to a kind of coding method of satellite image.
Background technology
Satellite image, as one of important carrier of acquired information, has indispensable effect in the fields such as Aero-Space, meteorological observation.Limited due to satellite downstream channel bandwidth, and the data volume of satellite image constantly increases, and makes mass data must after compressed encoding, could meet the demand of transmission and storage.Research is applicable to the low complex degree of spaceborne environmental applications, few memory space and coding method at a high speed becomes an important technology.
For satellite image, JPEG2000 is a kind of desirable satellite image compaction coding method.The coding method complexity of JPEG2000 standard is very high at present, has affected its application.Its complexity major part is to come from embedded block coding (EBCOT) bit rate control method that band optimization is blocked.EBCOT is by layer one coding and layer 2 is encoded and two parts of Rate Control form.Layer one coding accounts for the computing time of JPEG2000 encoder 45%-60%, and the amount of calculation that reduces layer one will greatly reduce the processing time of coded system.After layer 2 part adopt compression, rate-distortion optimization method (PCRD) is carried out Rate Control.But this method need to be encoded to all data of layer one, and stores all encoding code streams.And when low code check, the passage that has a large amount of coded scannings is can not be included in final code stream.
The deficiency existing for standard bit rate control method, many scholars have proposed new bit rate control method.As document [T. Masuzaki, H. Tsutsui, T.Izumi, T.Onoye, and Y.Nakamura. JPEG2000 adaptive rate control for embedded systems [J]. Proc.IEEE Int.Symp.Circuits and Systems, 2002, 4:333-336.] the quick bit rate control method based on training image JPEG2000 that proposes, document [LI Qi-hu, ZHANG Yan-yan, REN Guo-qiang, et al. A New Rate Adaptive Control Algorithm for JPEG2000 [J]. 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security. 2010, Page (s): 23-27.] a new bit rate control method proposing, the patent No. is 200410026016.6 the JPEG2000 method of rate control blocking in real time, the patent No. be 200710018190.x based on the preallocated JPEG2000 adaptive rate control of code check system and method etc., these papers and invention have all improved the code efficiency of JPEG2000 significantly, but Rate Control is accurate not, the PSNR of Recovery image has obvious decline.Document [Y. M. Yeung, and Oscar C. Au. Efficient Rate Control for JPEG2000 Image Coding [J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2005, 15 (3): 335-344.] and document [Wang Chao, Wang Jiong. a kind of effective JPEG2000 rate control method [J]. Donghua University's journal (natural science edition), 2011, the 37th volume (the 1st phase): 76-80.] method that proposes is according to cataloged procedure, to upgrade minimum slope value to realize code stream and control, these class methods can guarantee good picture quality, but still need a large amount of calculating, and the slope value that needs storage rate distortion function.
Summary of the invention
It is high that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the existing coding method complexity based on JPEG2000 standard, there is a large amount of calculating redundancies, need save data amount large, deficiency to hardware requirement harshness, a kind of satellite image coding method is provided, in JPEG2000 standard base, layer one coding improved, at the Y-PSNR that keeps satellite image almost under constant prerequisite, by the threshold value of the formula calculation rate distortion slope that proposes, threshold value during as layer one coding, block in advance redundant channel, amount of calculation and memory space in the time of can reducing satellite image coding, reduce complexity, improve code efficiency and speed.
The present invention is specifically by the following technical solutions:
A coding method for satellite image, comprises the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of step 1, original satellite image;
Step 2, wavelet transform;
Step 3, quantification treatment;
Step 4, layer one coding;
Step 5, layer two coding;
Described layer one coding specifically comprises the following steps:
1), sequence:
First quantification sub-band coefficients is divided into the encoding block of reduced size; Each encoding block is made to the significance bit planar development of the identical bits degree of depth; Then according to significance bit number of planes order from big to small, each encoding block is sorted successively; If the equal and opposite in direction of significance bit number of planes, sorts successively by former order; Each bit plane is carried out on following three coded scanning passages to coded scanning: conspicuousness is propagated scan channel, amplitude refinement scan channel and removed scan channel, obtains code check, coefficient bit and the contextual information of each coded scanning passage;
2), calculate cumulative code check:
From first encoding block, the code check of each passage in each bit plane in the encoding block after sequence is added up, obtain cumulative code check; When passage of each accumulative total, whether relatively more cumulative code check is greater than target bit rate, if be greater than, no longer the passage in remaining encoding block after remaining passage in present encoding piece and present encoding piece is added up, forward next step to, otherwise continue the next passage of accumulative total;
3), the rate-distortion slope of remaining channel is screened:
From last encoding block of having encoded, calculate the rate-distortion slope of passage in remaining encoding block
:
Wherein,
jchannel position,
r j with
r j-1
represent to be respectively accumulated to
jwith
jaccumulative total code check during-1 passage,
d j with
d j-1
represent respectively
jwith
jthe distortion producing during-1 passage;
If the rate-distortion slope of this passage in the present encoding piece of calculating
be greater than zero and be less than or equal to rate-distortion slope threshold value
, abandon in present encoding piece and be less than or equal to
after all passages, carry out the calculating of next encoding block; Otherwise the rate-distortion slope of next passage in this encoding block is calculated in continuation; Rate-distortion slope threshold value wherein
computing formula as follows:
Wherein,
significance bit number of planes for last encoding block of having encoded;
4) coefficient bit of the coded scanning passage screening and contextual information are carried out to entropy coding.
The inventive method, when layer one coding, first according to the size of significance bit number of planes, is adjusted the coded sequence of encoding block, makes it from dominant bit plane, count to minimum planes number and encodes successively; Then according to the attribute of rate-distortion slope, by the formula proposing, obtain the threshold value of rate-distortion slope value, the threshold value using it as layer one coding; By losing the coding pass that is less than this threshold value, can greatly reduce amount of calculation and the memory space of a layer part, but almost do not change the Y-PSNR (PSNR) of satellite image, and because a layer part do not need all coding passes of encoding, improved code efficiency.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of JPEG2000 standard code method;
Fig. 2 is the percentage of average signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite image of the inventive method and PCRD method;
Fig. 3 is the percentage of average computation amount of the satellite image of the inventive method and PCRD method;
Fig. 4 is the percentage of average memory space of the satellite image of the inventive method and PCRD method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated:
As shown in Figure 1, its complexity major part is to come from embedded block coding (EBCOT) bit rate control method that band optimization is blocked to the basic procedure of the coding method of existing JPEG2000 standard.EBCOT is by layer one coding and layer 2 is encoded and two parts of Rate Control form.Layer one coding accounts for the computing time of JPEG2000 encoder 45%-60%, and the amount of calculation that reduces layer one will greatly reduce the processing time of coded system.After layer 2 part adopt compression, rate-distortion optimization method (PCRD) is carried out Rate Control.But this method need to be encoded to all data of layer one, and stores all encoding code streams.And when low code check, the passage that has a large amount of coded scannings is can not be included in final code stream.
The present invention for solve the existing satellite image coding method complexity based on JPEG2000 standard high, there is a large amount of calculating redundancies, need that save data amount is large, deficiency to hardware requirement harshness, its layer one coded portion is improved: first according to the size of significance bit number of planes, adjust the coded sequence of encoding block, make it from dominant bit plane, count to minimum and encode successively for number of planes; Then according to the attribute of rate-distortion slope, pass through the threshold value of the formula calculation rate distortion slope of proposition, the threshold value during as layer one coding.Three attributes of rate-distortion slope: the rate-distortion slope that 1. bit plane is high is greater than the rate-distortion slope that bit plane is low; The rate-distortion slope of the passage that 2. same bit plane is first encoded is greater than the rate-distortion slope of the passage of rear coding; 3., after optimizing point of cut-off and determining, the rate-distortion slope value after optimization is more than or equal to minimum rate-distortion slope value in encoding block.By the rate-distortion slope value after optimizing, as threshold value, can block in advance redundant channel, by losing the coding pass that is less than this threshold value, reduce amount of calculation and the memory space of a layer part, but almost do not change the Y-PSNR of satellite image, and because a layer part do not need all coding passes of encoding, improved code efficiency.
The inventive method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preliminary treatment
First original image satellite epigraph transducer being collected carries out some suitable preliminary treatment, comprises that the burst of conversion process, pixel value electrical level shift processing and the image of color component is processed.
2. wavelet transform
Image is carried out to multilevel wavelet decomposition, produce a low-frequency band coefficient LL and a plurality of high frequency band coefficient HL, LH, HH.Wherein LL frequency band is the low frequency information of image, and HL frequency band represents the high-frequency information of more multilevel direction, and LH frequency band represents the high-frequency information of more vertical direction, and HH frequency band represents the high-frequency information to angular direction.LL is the concentrated frequency band of image energy, and high frequency band information spinner will comprise image outline, edge and texture, the variations in detail of presentation video.
3. quantize
The sub-band coefficients precision that filling component is carried out obtaining after wavelet transformation is adjusted, and by adjusting the size of quantization step, changes a bit number that wavelet sub-band coefficient is required of expression, to adjust and to control the processing procedure of compressed image code check.Quantization step is larger, and the bit number that characterizes quantification sub-band coefficients is fewer, thereby encoder bit rate is lower; Otherwise quantization step is less, characterize the required bit number of quantification sub-band coefficients more, encoder bit rate is higher.
4. layer one coding
This step specifically comprises:
1), sequence
First will quantize sub-band coefficients and be divided into the encoding block of reduced size, the height of encoding block roomy little be 2 power integer value 4-1024 within the scope of, and high wide amassing be less than 4096, generally code block size can be made as 64 * 64 or 32 * 32.Each encoding block is made the significance bit planar development of the identical bits degree of depth.Then according to each code block significance bit number of planes
numbpssize, to each encoding block from maximum
numbpsto minimum
numbpssequence successively.If significance bit number of planes
numbpsequal and opposite in direction, by former order, sort successively.
In each encoding block, from highest order plane (MSB) to lowest order plane (LSB), sort, then to each bit plane by the contribution of reconstructed image quality being divided into three coded scanning passages, be that conspicuousness is propagated scan channel, amplitude refinement scan channel and removes scan channel, code check, coefficient bit and the contextual information of each coded scanning passage obtaining.Each bit plane generally needs successively through three times, to scan, but because all coefficients and the neighborhood thereof of highest significant position plane are all not remarkable, thereby only have removing scan channel.Therefore,, if the significance bit number of planes of certain encoding block is n, the total number of channels obtaining is 3n-2.
2), calculate cumulative code check
From first encoding block, the code check of each passage in each bit plane in the encoding block after sequence is added up, obtain cumulative code check.When passage of each accumulative total, whether relatively more cumulative code check is greater than target bit rate, if be greater than, no longer the passage in remaining encoding block after remaining passage in present encoding piece and current code block is added up, and forwards next step to, otherwise continues the next passage of accumulative total.
3), calculation rate distortion slope threshold value
Calculate the least significant bit (LSB) number of planes of the encoding block of having encoded
, because encoding block is by the descending sequence successively of significance bit number of planes, so only need find step 2) in the significance bit number of planes of last encoding block of coded block be exactly the value of least significant bit (LSB) plane
.With
obtain rate-distortion slope threshold value
, formula is as follows:
(1)
4), the rate-distortion slope of remaining channel is screened
From step 2) last encoding block of having encoded start, continue calculation procedure 2) rate-distortion slope of passage in remaining encoding block
.
（2）
Wherein,
jchannel position,
r j with
r j-1
represent to be respectively accumulated to
jwith
jthe accumulative total code check that-1 passage is,
d j with
d j-1
represent respectively
jwith
jthe distortion producing during-1 passage (or being called mean square error).
Because the rate-distortion slope of passage in an encoding block is on a declining curve, if the rate-distortion slope of this passage in the present encoding piece of calculating
be greater than zero (in actual coding process, have singular point, although the value of singular point is to be less than or equal to zero, its coding pass below
value is very large may be to be greater than
) and be less than or equal to rate-distortion slope threshold value
, abandon in current code block and be less than or equal to
after all passages, carry out the calculating of next encoding block.Otherwise the rate-distortion slope of next passage in this code block is calculated in continuation.
5) entropy coding
Coefficient bit and the contextual information of the passage that above four steps are screened carry out entropy coding, adopt the MQ encoder that derives from JBIG2 standard in jpeg2000.MQ encoder is a kind of based on contextual adaptive binary arithmetic coding device.
5. layers 2 codings
The input of 2 coding stage of layer is a set for each channel coding data of each code block of producing of layer one-phase.Layer 2 is responsible for pressing mass segregation and packing and process of input code flow, and with form, data packet group is woven to last output code flow in sequence.In order to make compressed bit stream have qualitative scalability, by the encoding code stream of all Bit-Plane Encoding passages of each code block, by it, the serviceability to picture quality is divided into some levels to JPEG2000, is called quality layers.The contribution that each layer comprises each code block.Rate Control part will determine should comprise which coding pass of each code block in each layer of encoding code stream.
The bit rate control method of JPEG2000 layer 2 is PCRD methods, and it is as follows that its process is made simplified summary:
1) overall distortion of image
dcan be expressed as the summation of each encoding block distortion,
（3）
In formula:
the sequence number of code block,
individual code block
point of cut-off,
it is code block
at point of cut-off
the distortion producing when place is blocked, it is the distortion sum of the front all passages of point of cut-off in this code block.
2) total bitrate of image
rbe expressed as the summation of each code block code check,
（4）
In formula:
it is code block
at point of cut-off
code check when place is blocked, it is the code check sum of the front all passages of point of cut-off in this code block.
3) rate-distortion optimization, is meeting
condition under, find out the suitable point of cut-off of each encoding block
, make the overall distortion of image
dreach minimum, wherein
target bit rate (presetting).Can utilize method of Lagrange multipliers to solve this problem, as formula (5).Meeting
condition under, by regulating parameter
, it is suitable to find
the set of point.
（5）
In formula:
the sequence number of code block,
individual encoding block
point of cut-off,
it is encoding block
at point of cut-off
the distortion producing when place is blocked, it is the code check sum of the front all passages of point of cut-off in this code block.
it is encoding block
at point of cut-off
code check when place is blocked, it is the code check sum of the front all passages of point of cut-off in this code block.
From above step, when encoding block is encoded at layer one, the rate-distortion slope threshold value of obtaining by formula
as threshold value, can block in advance a large amount of coding passes that finally can be lost at layer 2, this will greatly reduce amount of calculation and the memory space of layer one coded portion, has also dwindled the scope that layer 2 part are searched for optimum rate-distortion slope thresholding and optimum point of cut-off simultaneously.Therefore, coding method of the present invention is no matter be that scramble time or the aspects such as loss of resource are all better than the PCRD method of recommending in traditional JPEG2000.
In order to verify the effect of the inventive method, use the Jasper software that in JPEG2000 standard, PART5 provides to realize coding method of the present invention.Image used is satellite image, and table 1 is that the PSNR value of the inventive method and PCRD method compares, and 6 width images are wherein chosen at random from 25 width satellite images.Wherein A is PCRD method, and B is this method.Experiment parameter is selected 5/3 small echo, 6 layers of wavelet decomposition, and code block size is 64 * 64.Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively signal to noise ratio, average computation amount, the average memory space situation while adopting the inventive method and PCRD method to encode to satellite image, and wherein Conventional represents existing PCRD method, and Proposed represents the inventive method.
The PSNR value of table 1 this method and PCRD method relatively
(1) signal to noise ratio of image, from table 1 and the PSNR(Y-PSNR that can find out this method Fig. 2) compare with the PSNR of conventional method almost less than changing, just when 1.0bpp, slightly decline, but when 2.0bpp again a little more than conventional method, so this method can obtain good picture quality.
(2) amount of calculation of method, weighs by the coding pass quantity of layer one coding.Fig. 3 is under different code check conditions, and 25 width satellite images are realized the percentage of the average computation amount of a layer part after Rate Control by this method and PCRD method.As seen from the figure, this method is not changing under the prerequisite of signal to noise ratio, has greatly reduced the quantity of coding pass.When 0.5bpp, approximately 51% number of channels has just declined.Visible, this method can effectively reduce the amount of calculation of layer one.
(3) memory space of method, weighs with the code stream byte number of storage in layer one coding.Under different code checks, Fig. 4 is the percentage that this method and PCRD method realize the average memory space of a layer part after Rate Control.As seen from the figure, along with the decline of code check, the memory space of layer one coded portion also declines thereupon.When 0.125bpp, the memory space of this method accounts for 26% of PCRD memory space.Therefore, greatly reduced the satellite image required amount of ram of encoding.
Compare the existing coding method based on JPEG2000 standard, more simple, effective Rate Control that the inventive method can realize, in the situation that satellite image keeps original signal to noise ratio, the threshold value of trying to achieve by simple method, block in advance the coding pass that is less than threshold value, can greatly reduce the redundancy of layer one, also dwindle the scope of the layer 2 optimum rate-distortion slope threshold value of search and optimum point of cut-off simultaneously, thereby reduce amount of calculation and the memory space of satellite image.Because its method is simple, be easy to the realization of hardware, have a good application prospect.
Claims (3)
1. a coding method for satellite image, comprises the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of step 1, original satellite image;
Step 2, wavelet transform;
Step 3, quantification treatment;
Step 4, layer one coding;
Step 5, layer two coding;
It is characterized in that, described layer one coding specifically comprises the following steps:
1), sequence:
First will quantize sub-band coefficients and be divided into the encoding block of reduced size, the encoding block of described reduced size specifically refers to: the height of encoding block roomy little be 2 power integer value in 4-1024, and high, wide amassing is less than 4096; Each encoding block is made to the significance bit planar development of the identical bits degree of depth; Then according to significance bit number of planes order from big to small, each encoding block is sorted successively; If the equal and opposite in direction of significance bit number of planes, sorts successively by former order; Each bit plane is carried out on following three coded scanning passages to coded scanning: conspicuousness is propagated scan channel, amplitude refinement scan channel and removed scan channel, obtains code check, coefficient bit and the contextual information of each coded scanning passage;
2), calculate cumulative code check:
From first encoding block, the code check of each passage in each bit plane in the encoding block after sequence is added up, obtain cumulative code check; When passage of each accumulative total, whether relatively more cumulative code check is greater than target bit rate, if be greater than, no longer the passage in remaining encoding block after remaining passage in present encoding piece and present encoding piece is added up, forward next step to, otherwise continue the next passage of accumulative total;
3), the rate-distortion slope of remaining channel is screened
From last encoding block of having encoded, calculate the rate-distortion slope of passage in remaining encoding block
:
Wherein,
jchannel position,
r j with
r j-1
represent to be respectively accumulated to
jwith
jaccumulative total code check during-1 passage,
d j with
d j-1
represent respectively
jwith
jthe distortion producing during-1 passage;
If the rate-distortion slope of this passage in the present encoding piece of calculating
be greater than zero and be less than or equal to rate-distortion slope threshold value
, abandon in present encoding piece and be less than or equal to
after all passages, carry out the calculating of next encoding block; Otherwise the rate-distortion slope of next passage in this encoding block is calculated in continuation; Rate-distortion slope threshold value wherein
computing formula as follows:
Wherein,
significance bit number of planes for last encoding block of having encoded;
4) coefficient bit of the coded scanning passage screening and contextual information are carried out to entropy coding.
2. the coding method of satellite image as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described entropy coding adopts the MQ encoder of jpeg2000 standard.
3. the coding method of satellite image as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the size of described encoding block is 64 * 64 or 32 * 32.
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Effective date of registration: 20161201 Address after: 210032 Jiangsu City, Nanjing province high tech Development Zone, Spark Road, software building, No. 9, block A, layer 6 Patentee after: Nanjing Taiya Engineering Technology Service Co Ltd Address before: 210044 Nanjing Ning Road, Jiangsu, No. six, No. 219 Patentee before: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology |
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Granted publication date: 20140716 Termination date: 20210619 |