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CN102722212A - Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system under non-uniform illumination - Google Patents

Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system under non-uniform illumination Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102722212A
CN102722212A CN2012102230954A CN201210223095A CN102722212A CN 102722212 A CN102722212 A CN 102722212A CN 2012102230954 A CN2012102230954 A CN 2012102230954A CN 201210223095 A CN201210223095 A CN 201210223095A CN 102722212 A CN102722212 A CN 102722212A
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maximum power
power point
voltage
photovoltaic
photovoltaic array
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耿乙文
胡飞鹏
周娟
辛宇
裴文龙
柏浩峰
李小强
许奔
李洪亮
徐立华
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention discloses maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system trackings under a kind of uneven illumination. Detect the photovoltaic array output voltage at current time
Figure 2012102230954100004DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And electric current
Figure 703917DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, then show that photovoltaic array is even with the presence or absence of uneven illumination by the judgement of MPPT maximum power point tracking device, variable step perturbation observation method carried out if uniform illumination and obtains maximum power point, if uneven illumination is even to calculate reference voltage for the first time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, recycle variable step perturbation observation method to obtain first local maximum power point, and record corresponding voltage
Figure 44769DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And power
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
, recycle variable step perturbation observation method to obtain second local maximum power point, and record corresponding voltage And power
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, and so on voltage With
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
, compare this A local maxima performance number, the reference voltage for extracting maximum local maximum power point and exporting corresponding voltage as MPPT maximum power point tracking device
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
, last controller according to
Figure 913705DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Duty ratio is calculated, traces into global maximum power point. Advantage: reduce system due to the even bring power loss of photovoltaic array uneven illumination.

Description

Maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under the uneven illumination
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generation control technology field, specifically is maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under a kind of uneven illumination, is applicable to the photovoltaic generating system of self or grid type.
Background technology
At present, the development and utilization of regenerative resource receives the attention of national governments day by day, and photovoltaic generation is the important component part of regenerative resource, and following photovoltaic generation has very big development potentiality.According to EPIA (EPIA) in 2011 prediction, to the year two thousand fifty whole Europe 100% the energy all provide by photovoltaic generation.
Development along with photovoltaic industry; With middle-size and small-size is main BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics; BIPV) will become one of principal mode of following photovoltaic generation; And intensive high building building, tree shade and cloud layer etc. can cause certain covering to photovoltaic cell unavoidably; Characteristic by photovoltaic cell is original can know that photovoltaic cell output power under the condition of covering will reduce, and then output power decline is obvious more to cover more serious (intensity of illumination that promptly arrives photovoltaic cell is more weak).
Existing photovoltaic power generation technology, like constant voltage process, disturbance observation, increment conductance method etc., mainly research all is not have to cover the MPPT maximum power point tracking under the situation, fails to consider the serious power loss problem of bringing of covering.At present; There is a small amount of article to propose even maximum power point (the Maximum Power Point down of uneven illumination abroad; MPP) tracking; And domesticly seldom have article to propose, and there is following problem in the method that has proposed: increase the hardware device input, precision is not high, efficient is low, algorithm problems such as too complicacy, bad adaptability, practicality be not strong.
Photovoltaic cell component is formed by a plurality of photovoltaic cell SP usually, and photovoltaic array is made up of a plurality of photovoltaic cell component SP usually, and photovoltaic generating system then is made up of through SP a plurality of photovoltaic arrays.When part photovoltaic module crested (the suffered uneven illumination of photovoltaic array is even) is arranged in the photovoltaic array; Whole photovoltaic array output current ability that should parallel connection will be restricted; But there is not the parallel photovoltaic array output current ability of crested can not reduce fully; If both are cascaded and adopt the generating of traditional MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm controls total system, then can significantly reduce the output power of system, this power loss can reach more than 30% even be more serious.Therefore, propose a kind of inhomogeneous maximum power point tracing method of illumination photovoltaic generating system down, can significantly reduce and cover the serious decline that brings the total system output power.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under a kind of uneven illumination, need not to increase additional hardware equipment, has reduced system because the photovoltaic array uneven illumination is spared and has brought serious power loss.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme: maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under a kind of uneven illumination; Photovoltaic generating system brings into operation under photovoltaic array illumination evenly and has been in maximum power point M place, writes down the voltage
Figure 919234DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the electric current
Figure 223176DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
of photovoltaic array output this moment; If it is even that this moment, uneven illumination appearred in photovoltaic array; The voltage
Figure 560616DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and the electric current
Figure 204087DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
of photovoltaic array output will change; Detect photovoltaic array output voltage
Figure 601571DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and electric current
Figure 392809DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
after changing; Judge through the MPPT maximum power point tracking device whether draw photovoltaic array exists uneven illumination even then; If evenly then carrying out variable step disturbance observation, illumination obtains maximum power point; If the even reference voltage first that then calculates of uneven illumination; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to obtain first local maximum power point again; And record correspondent voltage
Figure 94235DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and power
Figure 987586DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
; Increase reference voltage then to
Figure 938224DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to obtain second local maximum power point again; And record correspondent voltage
Figure 883047DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
and power ; And the like; Gained voltage is designated as successively
Figure 302713DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, ...,
Figure 285898DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
; Power be designated as successively
Figure 758468DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, ...,
Figure 921782DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
; Compare this
Figure 211336DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
individual local maximum power value again; The reference voltage
Figure 335150DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
that extracts maximum local maximum power point and the voltage of correspondence is exported as the MPPT maximum power point tracking device; Last controller calculates dutycycle according to the reference voltage
Figure 681818DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
of MPPT maximum power point tracking device output, traces into global maximum power point.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: significantly reduced system because the photovoltaic array uneven illumination is spared and brought serious power loss; This method almost only from the realization of software consideration algorithm, need not to increase additional hardware equipment, has significantly reduced cost, and whole algorithm is simple relatively, and software is realized also than being easier to; Maximal power tracing device and controller adopt DSP control, have improved overall optical photovoltaic generating system algorithm accuracy, stability and real-time.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is a stage type photovoltaic generating system structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic array output current and voltage characteristic figure;
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic array output power and voltage characteristic figure;
Fig. 4 is the even maximum power point tracing method process flow diagram down of photovoltaic array uneven illumination.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; Photovoltaic array 11 connects counnter attack diode 12; Counnter attack diode 12 connects photovoltaic array outgoing side electric capacity 22; Photovoltaic array outgoing side electric capacity 22 connects Boost circuit 21; Boost circuit 21 connects the big electric capacity 14 of DC filtering; The big electric capacity 14 of DC filtering connects voltage source inverter 15; Voltage source inverter 15 connects LCL filtering 17, LCL filtering 17 connects local load
Figure 156661DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
18 and three-phase alternating current isolating switch 19; Three-phase alternating current isolating switch 19 connects three phase network 20; The voltage
Figure 246977DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
of photovoltaic array 11 outputs is connected MPPT maximum power point tracking device 13 with electric current
Figure 428560DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
through sensor; MPPT maximum power point tracking device 13 output reference voltages connect controller 16; Controller 16 output pulses
Figure 642689DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
connect Boost circuit 21; Thereby MOSFET turns on and off in the control Boost circuit 21, and the adjustment load current satisfies the global maximum power of output power coupling photovoltaic array 11 outputs.MPPT maximum power point tracking device 13 all adopts DSP control with controller 16, has improved overall optical photovoltaic generating system algorithm accuracy, stability and real-time.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, curve 1 is that output current and voltage response are evenly descended in photovoltaic array (PV) illumination; Curve 2 is even output current and voltage responses down of photovoltaic array uneven illumination; Curve 3 is that output power and voltage response are evenly descended in photovoltaic array illumination; Curve 4 is even output power and voltage responses down of photovoltaic array uneven illumination.
Figure 271117DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Inverse parallel number of diodes for photovoltaic array;
Figure 655610DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Output current for photovoltaic array; Output voltage for photovoltaic array;
Figure 527937DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Reference voltage for the output of MPPT maximum power point tracking device; pPulse signal for controller output;
Figure 960055DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Be the short-circuit current value under the photovoltaic array illumination evenly;
Figure 912968DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Be the short-circuit current value of photovoltaic array uneven illumination under even; M is the maximum power point under the photovoltaic array illumination evenly;
Figure 710022DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Be the maximum power point current value under the photovoltaic array illumination evenly;
Figure 381175DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Be the maximum power point voltage value under the photovoltaic array illumination evenly; Evenly descend the voltage of maximum power point M for illumination
Figure 689983DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With photovoltaic array inverse parallel number of diodes
Figure 723185DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Ratio; A1 is the even starting point of following the tracks of local maximum power point first down of photovoltaic array uneven illumination; A2 increases voltage through M1 down for the photovoltaic array uneven illumination is even
Figure 881634DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
After the working point; A n-2 for the photovoltaic array uneven illumination even down through M n-3 increase voltage
Figure 655555DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
After the working point; A n-1 for the photovoltaic array uneven illumination even down through M n-2 increase voltage
Figure 583060DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
After the working point; A nFor the photovoltaic array uneven illumination is spared down through M n-1 increases voltage
Figure 784234DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
After the working point;
Figure 429979DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
It is build-up of voltage Coefficient;
Figure 727285DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Voltage for local maximum power point M1; Voltage for local maximum power point M2; Voltage for local maximum power point Mn-2;
Figure 345196DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Be local maximum power point M n-1 voltage;
Figure 247292DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
, local maximum power point M nVoltage; M1 is first local maximum power point; M2 is second local maximum power point; M n-2, n-2 local maximum power point; M n-1, n-1 local maximum power point; M nBe n local maximum power point;
Figure 790269DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Power for local maximum power point M1;
Figure 145027DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Power for local maximum power point M2;
Figure 2125DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Be local maximum power point M n-2 power;
Figure 758728DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Be local maximum power point M n-1 power;
Figure 472606DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Be local maximum power point M nPower;
Figure 580240DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
For judging the even voltage difference that presets of photovoltaic array uneven illumination.
As shown in Figure 4, be example with the stage type photovoltaic generating system, the concrete steps of this method are following:
A, Detect the current moment PV array output voltage signal
Figure 40695DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and the current signal
Figure 651805DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
;
B, if
Figure 802164DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, then continue down execution in step C; Otherwise, carry out variable step disturbance observation;
The value of C, calculating ; If
Figure 392731DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
then continues down to carry out D; Otherwise, carry out variable step disturbance observation;
Figure 858348DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the even voltage difference that presets of photovoltaic array uneven illumination, chooses according to actual open-circuit voltage values;
D, calculating starting potential are blocked a some V0;
Figure 117291DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
; Wherein, The coefficient of build-up of voltage
Figure 933937DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is the illumination voltage
Figure 733266DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
that evenly descends maximum power point M and the ratio of photovoltaic array inverse parallel number of diodes
Figure 316038DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, i.e.
Figure 808199DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
;
Figure 846562DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is the coefficient of the coefficient
Figure 449582DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
of build-up of voltage; Suitably choose according to the actual situation of covering,
Figure 93053DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
;
E, be starting point with
Figure 490536DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to trace into local maximum power point M1 first; And the voltage
Figure 281775DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and the power
Figure 422906DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
at record M1 place this moment; Increase reference voltage then to
Figure 983200DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to trace into local maximum power point M2 once more; And the voltage
Figure 554515DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
and the power
Figure 833049DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
at record M2 place this moment; The rest may be inferred; Gained voltage is designated as successively
Figure 777872DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 192672DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
...,
Figure 197538DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
, power be designated as successively , ...,
Figure 653293DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
;
F, comparison
Figure 563480DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Figure 548098DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
...,
Figure 834723DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Size, find out the maximum point of local maximum power point and extract the reference voltage of corresponding voltage as MPPT maximum power point tracking device output
Figure 224116DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
, last controller is according to the reference voltage of MPPT maximum power point tracking device output Calculate dutycycle, drive output pulse signal through MOSFET pGo the MOSFET that controls the Boost circuit to turn on and off, thereby make total system trace into global maximum power point.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

Claims (3)

1. maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under the uneven illumination; It is characterized in that: photovoltaic generating system brings into operation under photovoltaic array illumination evenly and has been in maximum power point M place, writes down the voltage
Figure 831760DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and the electric current
Figure 718813DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
of photovoltaic array output this moment; If it is even that this moment, uneven illumination appearred in photovoltaic array; The voltage
Figure 900396DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and the electric current
Figure 417965DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
of photovoltaic array output will change; Detect photovoltaic array output voltage and electric current after changing; Judge through the MPPT maximum power point tracking device whether draw photovoltaic array exists uneven illumination even then; If evenly then carrying out variable step disturbance observation, illumination obtains maximum power point; If the even reference voltage
Figure 109868DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
first that then calculates of uneven illumination; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to obtain first local maximum power point again; And record correspondent voltage
Figure 798338DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and power
Figure 247774DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
; Increase reference voltage then to
Figure 414313DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to obtain second local maximum power point again; And record correspondent voltage
Figure 570488DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
and power
Figure 492176DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
; And the like; Gained voltage is designated as successively ,
Figure 333892DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
...,
Figure 406890DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
; Power be designated as successively
Figure 437163DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Figure 533295DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
...,
Figure 41637DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
; Compare this
Figure 234721DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
individual local maximum power value again; The reference voltage
Figure 435895DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
that extracts maximum local maximum power point and the voltage of correspondence is exported as the MPPT maximum power point tracking device; Last controller calculates dutycycle according to the reference voltage of MPPT maximum power point tracking device output, traces into global maximum power point.
2. maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under the uneven illumination according to claim 1, its characteristic
Be: concrete steps are following:
A. Detecting the output voltage PV array current time signal
Figure 393672DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and the current signal
Figure 444193DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
;
B. if then continues down execution in step C; Otherwise, carry out variable step disturbance observation;
C. the value of calculating ; If
Figure 65033DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
then continues down to carry out D; Otherwise, carry out variable step disturbance observation;
Figure 904813DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the even voltage difference that presets of photovoltaic array uneven illumination, chooses according to actual open-circuit voltage values;
D. calculate starting potential and block point V 0,
Figure 447790DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
, wherein, the coefficient of build-up of voltage
Figure 802548DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Be the voltage that maximum power point M is evenly descended in illumination
Figure 721962DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
With photovoltaic array inverse parallel number of diodes
Figure 478565DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Ratio;
Figure 189514DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
It is the coefficient of build-up of voltage
Figure 297147DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Coefficient, suitably choose according to the actual situation of covering,
Figure 754673DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
E. be starting point with ; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to trace into local maximum power point M1 first; And the voltage
Figure 453825DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and the power at record M1 place this moment; Increase reference voltage then to
Figure 778813DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
; Utilize variable step disturbance observation to trace into local maximum power point M2 once more; And the voltage
Figure 510009DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
and the power at record M2 place this moment; The rest may be inferred; Gained voltage is designated as successively
Figure 385265DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 450173DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
..., , power be designated as successively
Figure 262457DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Figure 566400DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
...,
Figure 169419DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
;
F. compare
Figure 547311DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Figure 210374DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
...,
Figure 736033DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Size, find out the maximum point of local maximum power point and extract the reference voltage of corresponding voltage as MPPT maximum power point tracking device output
Figure 139814DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
, last controller is according to the reference voltage of MPPT maximum power point tracking device output
Figure 700108DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Calculate dutycycle, drive output pulse signal through MOSFET pGo the MOSFET that controls the Boost circuit to turn on and off, thereby make total system trace into global maximum power point.
3. maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking under the uneven illumination according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described MPPT maximum power point tracking device and controller all adopt DSP control.
CN2012102230954A 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system under non-uniform illumination Pending CN102722212A (en)

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CN102880224A (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-01-16 天津理工大学 Double-mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on improved step length
CN103455080A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-12-18 深圳信息职业技术学院 Method and device for photovoltaic cell power tracking
CN103207639A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-07-17 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter with maximum power point tracking module and operation method of photovoltaic inverter
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CN103715719A (en) * 2014-01-20 2014-04-09 国家电网公司 Photovoltaic model establishment method applicable to dynamic overall-process simulation of power system
CN104238622A (en) * 2014-08-18 2014-12-24 南京航空航天大学 Output power acquisition method based on photovoltaic array current characteristic under partial shadow
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Application publication date: 20121010