CN102713243A

CN102713243A - Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture

Info

Publication number: CN102713243A
Application number: CN2010800488778A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗伊·E·麦卡利斯特
Original assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Current assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2009-08-27
Filing date: 2010-07-21
Publication date: 2012-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-21
Also published as: CN102713243B; CA2771996C; WO2011028223A3; CA2771996A1; JP5695050B2; WO2011028223A2; EP2470774A2; EP2470774A4; JP2013503294A

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to integrated injector/igniters providing efficient injection, ignition, and complete combustion of various types of fuels. One example of such an injectors/igniter can include a body having a base portion opposite a nozzle portion, and a fuel passageway extending from the base portion to the nozzle portion. A force generator and a first valve are carried by the base portion. The first valve is movable in response to actuation from the force generator to move between closed and open positions. The injector/igniter also includes a second valve at the nozzle portion that is deformable in response to pressure in the fuel passageway to deform between a closed position and an open position.

Description

Integrated fuel injector and igniter and relevant use and production method

The cross reference of related application

The application requires on August 27th, 2009 to submit to and be entitled as the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/237 of " OXYGENATED FUELPRODUCTION "; 425, on August 27th, 2009 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/237 of " MULTIFUEL MULTIBURST " to; 466, on August 27th, 2009 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/237 of " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY " to; 479, on October 19th, 2009 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Patent application No.12/581 of " MULTIFUELSTORAGE; METERING AND IGNITION SYSTEM " to; 825, on December 7th, 2009 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Patent application No.12/653 of " INTEGRATED FUELINJECTORS AND IGNITERS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USEAND MANUFACTURE " to; 085, submitted on December 7th, 2009 and be entitled as " INTEGRATED FUEL INJECTORS AND IGNITERS ANDASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE " PCT application No.PCT/US09/67044, on February 13rd, 2010 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/304 of " FULL SPECTRUMENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " to; On March 9th, 403 and 2010 submitted and be entitled as the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/312 of " SYSTEM AND METHODFOR PROVIDING HIGH VOLTAGE RF SHIELDING; FOR EXAMPLE; FORUSE WITH AFUEL INJECTOR ", 100 preference and rights and interests to.In these applications each all is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full.

Technical field

The following parts that are associated that openly relate in general to integrated fuel injector and igniter and be used to store, spray and light various fuel.

Background technique

Producing aspect the various forms of required alternative energy source of for example electric power, hydrogen, fuel alcohol and methane, renewable resources is interrupted.Solar energy is the incident that occurs in daytime, and the ratio Along with season and the weather condition on daytime change.In most of areas, wind energy be interrupted and size very easily change.The water resources that falls is with changing season and receiving the influence of the arid of continuous expansion.In most of landmasses of the earth, living beings are seasonal variable and the influence that receives arid.All over the world, before being required, can all be wasted through the significant amount of energy that hydroelectric power station, wind power plant, living beings conversion and solar thermal collector are carried in default of the hands-on approach of store kinetic energy, fuel and/or electric power.

World population and the needs of energy have been risen to the degree of the requirement of oil greater than the yielding capacity of oil.Following productivity will descend, and the requirement of ever-increasing population and the ever-increasing dependence of energy-intensive products & services will speed up.This will continue to promote fossil loss speed.The influence of the smog that the city suffers to cause by using fossil fuel.For the on-fuel purpose, increase exponentially in the equipment that the utilization that comprises the rock gas of the natural gas liquid of ethane, propane and butane for example in the application of for example packing, textile, carpet, coating and has mainly been processed by thermoplasticity and thermosetting polymer.

Coal has relatively low hydrogen-carbon ratio.Oil has higher hydrogen-carbon ratio, and rock gas has the highest hydrogen-carbon ratio of fossil hydrocarbon.Use oil as typical intermediary, the rate of burning of the fossil hydrocarbon in the whole world has surpassed the equal parts of 200,000,000 barrels of oil every day now.

Whole world oil production rate steady-state growth is with the satisfied requirement that increases, but the speed that oil is found but can't be caught up with output.The maximum output of oil has occurred and all steady decreases of Petroleum Production rate of nearly all known deposit.After maximum production, every kind of energy-intensive of global economy experience and based on the inflation (inflation) of petroleum chemicals.Existing fossil fuel resource and utilize oil come for the machine that destroys provide fuel and lubricated between contradiction caused the World War I, World War II and each war since then.Substitute the fossil fuel be equal to 200,000,000 barrels of oil every day need Renewable Energy Development production, distribution, storage and utilization almost each puts into practice approach.

Atmospheric pollution that causes owing to fossil fuel production and burning and water pollute each metropolitan area and fishing ground, farm and forest are worsened.The mercury of fishing ground and farm soil and other heavy metal poisoning come from coal burning more and more.The atmosphere of the greenhouse gases that increase and the burning by fossil fuel of the fire loss incident that comprises the global climatologic change of more powerful hurricane and tornado, heavy storm and cause owing to the thunderbolt in forest and the metropolitan area discharges gathers closely related.The increase of the solar energy of assembling along with the atmosphere percent of greenhouse gases; The bigger effect of global atmosphere engine producing, the extreme weather incident subsequently that comprises the thawing of more evaporation of seawater, glacier and polar ice sheet and cause the massive losses that improves performance and natural resources.

Above-mentioned utilize pluralities of fuel select (comprise fuel (for example methane, fuel alcohol) that hydrogen, producer gas, hydrogen-carbon ratio are higher and together with or various other the alternative fuel of gasoline replacing and diesel fuel) trial run into various difficult problems and can't solve; And these trials be expensive, produce insecure result and cause motor to degenerate or damage continually, comprising:

(1) use bigger unladen mass increase engine compression ratio and accordingly to more expensive, more firmly and heavier piston, connecting rod, bent axle, bearing, flywheel, engine body and supporting structure need acceptable power produces and therefore be used for heavier bearing spring, vibration damper, starter, battery etc. to be used for.

(2) need more expensive valve, hardened valve seats and machine shop to install and prevent that valve wearing and tearing and seat from sinking.

(3) power loss that the fuel energy that needs supercharging to remedy to reduce owing to unit volume causes and drive performance and overcome the compromise volumetric efficiency and the thermal efficiency.

(4) have the multistage vaporized fuel pressure adjusting that superfine filtration and very little fuel mass change tolerance, comprise vapour tension and octane value and cetane number.

(5) be used to the engine coolant heat exchanger that prevents that the vaporized fuel pressure regulator from freezing.

(6) expensive and heavy solenoid-operated fuel tank stop valve (TSOV) and pressure relief valve (PRD) system.

(7) remarkable bigger flow measuring system.

(8) after the drippage of the fuel when wasteness number of times and the revolution of generation torsion is carried.

(9) after the drippage of the fuel of harmful number of times of for example exhaust stroke is carried, thereby reduce fuel economy and cause motor or vent systems is damaged.

(10) because quick-fried in advance motor degeneration or the fault that causes with combustion knock.

(11) motor that causes owing to the strict fault of controlling fuel viscosity, vapour tension, octane value or cetane number and velocity of combustion suspends or damages.

(12) motor that causes owing to burnouting of the lubricating film on fuel clean, vaporization and cylinder wall and lip ring or the rotor seal part is degenerated or fault.

(13) can't prevent to form in the combustion process nitrogen oxide.

(14) can't prevent the particulate that forms owing to partial combustion.

(15) can't prevent to form the pollution that causes owing to the aerosol of the oiling agent in the upper cylinder zone.

Overheated, the friction subsequently that (16) can't prevent piston, cylinder wall and valve increases and degenerates.

(17) can't overcome destructive tempering in intake manifold and the air cleaner parts.

The destructiveness that (18) can't overcome in the vent systems is burnt and/or blast.

(19) can't overcome the overheated of exhaust system component.

The motor that (20) can't overcome fuel vapour lock and generation suspends or fault.

In addition, the special fuel storage tank of low energy densities fuel requirement.For the storage tank of gasoline, propane, rock gas and hydrogen design is being independently aspect the chemistry of the extensive variation of satisfying every kind of fuel and the physical property.Every kind of fuel type that vehicle possibly utilize all needs independent fuel tank.This is used for special-purpose fuel tank approach that every kind of fuel selects takies sizable space, gains in weight, needs are extra spring and vibration damper ability, changed center of gravity and thrust center and be unusual costliness.

In traditional approach, the alternative fuel selection of measuring the gasoline, methyl alcohol, ethanol, propane, ethane, butane, hydrogen or the methane that for example get into motor can be through one or more gaseous state Carburetors, throttle valve body, fuel injector or port fuel-injectors realization in correct time.The power loss that every kind of classical pathway is kept is owing to the significant proportion that the vaporized fuel molecule that expands occupies admission space changes.Therefore, along with air inlet get into to reduce, can burnt fuel reduce and the power that produces reduces.

Under STP (STP), Gaseous Hydrogen occupy be equivalent to liquid gasoline 2,800 times volume to be used to supply with equal burning energy.Gaseous methane need be supplied with equal burning energy with respect to about 900 times volume of liquid gasoline.

Arrange Gaseous Hydrogen or the methane stream of so big volume through the vacuum of intake manifold, the suction valve and flow into the vacuum of the cylinder in the air inlet circulation of flowing through; And simultaneously enough air are done like this, thereby required heat--this is as yet not by the very big challenge of fully satisfying to support being complementary perfect combustion release and gasoline performance.Power to a certain degree recovers and can obtain through the motor that adopts big discharge capacity.Another kind of approach need expensive, heavier, more complicated and more insecure parts to be used for much higher compression ratio and/or gas handling system carried out supercharging.But these approach cause engine life to reduce and much higher original cost and/or maintenance cost, only if the engine design on basis provides the sufficient architecture portion section that is used for rigidity and intensity.

As everyone knows, the motor for the gasoline operational design is an inefficiency.This is because gasoline and air mixing are formed on the homogeneous mixture that gets into the firing chamber under the air inlet circuit throttling condition to a great extent.This homogeneous supply then is compressed near top dead center (TDC) condition and carries out spark ignition.Homogeneous is supplied with burning and is caused heat immediately from 4,500 ° of F to 5, and the combustion gas of 500 ° of F (2,482 ℃ to 3,037 ℃) are delivered to the corresponding part of cylinder head, cylinder wall and piston or rotary engine.The protection lubricating film is burnt or evaporate, thereby pollutes effulent, and cylinder stands owing to shortage is lubricated the wearing and tearing that cause with piston ring.Homogeneous is supplied with burning and also is transported to colder combustor surface and forces energy loss along with heat, thereby through liquid and/or air cooling system combustor surface is maintained under the relatively low temperature of 160 ° of F to 240 ° of F (71 ℃ to 115 ℃).

Utilize hydrogen or methane gasoline replacing to cause that as the homogeneous fueling thereby expensive challenge provides enough fuel storage to adapt to the typical significant amount of energy waste of petrol engine.Replace the burning of this more cleaning and more replace the vaporized fuel of diesel fuel difficult more potentially.Diesel fuel is compared gasoline and is had bigger unit volume energy value.Other difficult appearance be since for example the vaporized fuel of hydrogen, producer gas, methane, propane, butane and fuel alcohol (for example ethanol or methyl alcohol) lack suitable cetane number and in the air of Fast Compression, light a fire unlike the required that kind of DENG operation efficiently.Diesel fuel injectors is designed to operate through the protection lubricating film that is provided by diesel oil.In addition, only circularly through the relative very little fuel of volume, this volume ratio is carried the volume little about 3,000 times (under STP) of the required hydrogen of equal calorific value to diesel fuel injectors.

The most modern engine design becomes to be used for minimum unladen mass and the homogeneous supply mixture of making great efforts through air and fuel is operated with excess of oxygen equivalent proportion greatly, thereby reduces the formation of nitrogen oxide through the peak limiting FT.In order to realize minimum weight in working order, utilize less cylinder and higher velocity of piston.Higher engine speed is reduced to required axle speed, to be used for transmission and/or differential gearing propelling through the higher speed ratio.

The air bigger with excess of oxygen equivalent proportion action need gets into, and head of combustion chamber has two or three suction valves and two or three outlet valves usually.This has stayed very little space for direct cylinder fuel sparger or spark plug in head zone.The higher valve of speed and the space that be used for direct cylinder fuel sparger and spark plug that reduced can obtain further complicated through the operation of overhead camshaft.The space that the designer has used nearly all piston top to obtain is used for valve and valve operator and does not almost stay at the spark plug that is used for the gasoline igniting or the diesel injection device that is used for compression ignition engine pushing the space.

Therefore; The equal energy of carrying the alternative fuel by for example hydrogen, methane, propane, butane, ethanol or methyl alcohol to produce through the bigger any pipeline of cross section of comparing gasoline motor spark plug or diesel motor fuel sparger all is extremely difficult, and the alternative fuel of all these all has compares gasoline or the lower unit volume calorific value of diesel fuel.The problem that the I that is used for spark plug or diesel fuel injectors obtains the zone is by owing to get the bigger heat load deterioration of head that heat causes from heat is delivered to head and associated components three from the firing chamber to six valves bigger.The further deterioration of space and heat load problem is because the big heat that cam friction under the high speed operation, valve spring and valve tappet produce in narrow head zone.

In several ways, piston engine has become the change agent and basic transformation of energy is provided in the whole industrial revolution.Today; Use the compression-ignition, internal combustion piston engine of the specified diesel fuel of cetane power to be provided, and improve the fuel efficiency of passenger and light truck vehicles in the new effort of less context engine with higher velocity of piston as the instrument that major part is used for heavy haul in agricultural, mining industry, railway and ocean and fixedly electric power system.low compression internal combustion piston engine with spark ignition make and utilize the specified fuel of octane for 900,000,000 population passengers of sustainable growth and the very major part in the light truck vehicles provide spend aspect the power less.

The specified hydrocarbon fuel of octane in traditional internal-combustion engine and cetane is used the level that produces pollutant effulent (for example unburned hydrocarbon, particulate, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) and can not be accepted.

But traditional spark ignition comprises the low-yield ionization of the mixture of HV air and fuel.For the naturally aspirated engine that is equipped with the spark plug of operating with 12: 1 or littler compression ratio, size is typical for about 0.05 to 0.15 joule traditional spark energy.Must increase the sufficient voltage that is used to produce this ionization through the higher external pressure in the spark gap.Need the factor of high voltage to comprise the minimizing of the amount of resistance in increase, supercharging and the air entering firing chamber of spark gap, effective compression ratio of rarer air fuel ratio and broad that maybe needs like igniting.Traditional spark ignition system can't provide sufficient voltage to produce the spark ignition in the motor (DENG that for example has 16: 1 to 22: 1 compression ratio) is provided reliably and can't provide usually sufficient voltage to produce and improve the non-throttling motor that the purpose of fuel economy is carried out supercharging in order to increase power being used for.

Sufficient voltage can't be provided at the spark gap place, and the most normally the dielectric strength owing to ignition system parts (for example spark plug porcelain insulator and spark plug cable) is not enough.

The HV that puts on the traditional spark plug that is positioned at the chamber wall place basically causes the heat loss of all surface that is in the firing chamber that comprises piston, cylinder wall, cylinder head and valve and near burning homogeneous air-fuel mixture.Such heat loss has reduced the efficient of motor and can make and received easily that oxidation, burn into thermal fatigue, (owing to thermal expansion, distortion, warpage cause) friction increase and the combustion chamber components degeneration of the influence of (because the loss of the vigor of the lubricating film of overheated or oxidation cause) wearing and tearing.

Even be positioned at the sustained combustion that the spark of the surface of firing chamber causes the homogeneous air-fuel mixture, rate of flame travel has still been set the restriction that burning is accomplished.It is many more in the heat of combustor surface to scatter and disappear, and the possibility that can't accomplish combustion process is just big more.The problem that the concentration of the unburned fuel (for example hydrocarbon vapour, hydrocarbon particulate and carbon monoxide) in this situation about not expecting and the waste gas increases is relevant.

At control air-fuel ratio and provide rarer combustion condition to be used for the effort aspect the higher fuel efficiency and to reduce peak combustion temperatures and hoping that the effort that ground reduces aspect the generation of nitrogen oxide causes multiple other problem.For example, rarer air-fuel ratio is compared stoichiometry or the fuel rich mixture burns is slower.In addition, slower burning needs the more time to accomplish two strokes or the four-stroke operation of motor, thereby reduces the specified power gesture (powerpotential) of engine design.Along with the replacement of adopting rock gas as gasoline or diesel fuel, must recognize such actual conditions: if rock gas than gasoline combustion slowly Duo and the substitute gas diesel fuel will be unfavorable for ignition by compression.

In addition; Modern engine provides too little space to be used to get into the firing chamber with previous electric insulating part, and previous electric insulating part has enough dielectric strengths and durability must bear the parts of ringing (HV, coronal discharge and because the stack degeneration that the paramount low temperature of impact, vibration and rapid thermal cycles causes) to be used for protection.In addition; Can't overcome the restriction relevant and can't provide fuel drip or the control of velocity of combustion fully to realize the higher thermal efficiency with the previous approach that burning is supplied with in layering thereby be used for homogeneous, and it can't prevent to come from the nitrogen oxide of burning being harmful to number of times with octane or cetane dependence.

Get in order to satisfy needs that many fuel utilize and lower weight in working order and bigger air; Finally importantly allow non-throttling air to get into the firing chamber; Thereby direct injection gaseous state, burning are more cleaned and are spent less fuel, and provide layering to supply with burning substituting as gasoline and diesel oil (gasoline) fuel.But, thereby this need then guarantee to face extremely difficult problem aspect the completion of accurate correct time and combustion incident of igniting subsequently in the reliable metering that fuel density, vapour tension and viscosity to this extensive variation are provided.In order to realize positive ignition, provide in need the relative less clearance between spark point can spark ignition air-fuel mixture.

If making great efforts through independent fuel injector fuel to be delivered to each firing chamber supplies with to produce layering; For example then must arrange fuel from the rotation of combustor surface momentum, ricochet or spring back to the detailed setting the spark gap; But supply with theory owing to sacrificed layering, these approach are the heat loss of balance combustor surface always.If through with firing chamber metering valve separated by a distance fuel being controlled, " the back drippage " of the fuel of waste number of times or damageability number of times (comprising the number of times that produces the torque opposite with expection output torque) then will take place.Arbitrary approach all causes most of fuel " cleaning " or the colder cylinder wall of bump inevitably, so as some fuel in a small amount the precise time of expectation igniting with in the spark gap can spark ignition air-fuel mixture carry.This causes thermal distortion that the friction of heat loss, cylinder wall loss of lubrication, cylinder and piston causes and produces the loss of the thermal efficiency that the heat loss of the unexpansive formula parts of motor causes from workpiece owing to expand through gas.

Make great efforts to produce get into the firing chamber air rotation and will more low-density fuel be placed on and have two harmful characteristics in the rotary air.The induction of eddy current causes air to flow into the impedance of firing chamber and therefore reduced and gets into the air quantity of firing chamber, thereby volumetric efficiency is reduced.After the igniting, products of combustion is transported to combustor surface fast through spinning momentum and reverse heat loss quickens.

Proving over provides the trial of many fuel capability (for example, the ability of variation between the fuel of for example gasoline, rock gas, propane, fuel alcohol, producer gas and hydrogen is selected) to be extremely complicated and highly to compromise to internal-combustion engine.The approach in past has caused that detuning all fuel and cancellation are used for optimisation technique compromise of special fuel characteristic.Verified such trial is easy to malfunctioning and needs very expensive component and controller.These difficulties are because the broad range of distinct particular energy value, vapour tension and the viscosity of these fuel and other physical property difference and the further aggravation between vaporized fuel and the liquid fuel.In addition, because methane is that burning is the slowest in the fuel of being quoted, and hydrogen burning must be compared the fuel of other expectation any all fast about 7 to 10 times in selecting, and therefore needs the instantaneous reconstruction of ignition timing.

, the cryogenic liquide of identical fuel material or snow-broth and compressed fuel gas face other problem between storing.Illustrative ground, liquid hydrogen under atmospheric pressure are stored in-420 ° of F (252 ℃) and cause and do not protect conveying circuit, pressure regulator and sparger condensation and freezing atmospheric water vapour and become impaired ice owing to being exposed to atmospheric moisture.Low temperature methane faces ice and forms and impaired similar problem.Similarly, these perishing fluids also cause the malfunctioning and obstruction of common orifices (especially microstome).

Still the very problem of difficulty that exists and must solve is how can be vehicle rapid recharge fuel through the thick liquids fuel that is under low temperature (hydrogen or methane) or the ambient temperature (propane or butane); And under no-load power or low-power, use the steam of this fuel; And under high power levels, use the liquid state of this fuel to carry, produce needs so that meet energy?

Under atmospheric pressure, spray the thick liquids (comparing the conveying of the Gaseous Hydrogen or the methane of very big volume) that low temperature liquid hydrogen or methane need the very little volume of accurate measurement.In addition, select regardless of the concrete many fuel that are delivered to the firing chamber, it all is necessary that mixture is supplied with in the layering of accurately generation, igniting and combustion fuel and air.

Select to realize that through every kind of fuel elementary object (comprising high thermal efficiency, the highest mechanical efficiency, the highest volumetric efficiency and long hair motivation life-span) need accurately control fuel through the fuel that gets into and carry correct time, firing chamber infiltration and distribution pattern; And accurately ignition timing and keeps excess air to make combustion process isolated with the inflating medium of workpiece generation being used to optimize the air utilization.

In order to satisfy the energy requirement of global economy sustainably, need improve production, transportation and the storage of methane and hydrogen through each known method almost.1 gallon of low temperature liquid methane that is in-256 ℃ provides 89, and the energy density of 000BTU/gal is littler by about 28% than 1 gallon of gasoline.Being in-252 ℃ liquid hydrogen only provides about 29, and 700BTU/gal is perhaps less than gasoline 76%.

The mixture that uses methane, hydrogen or methane and hydrogen interchangeably replaces gasoline in the spark ignition engine by long-term needs as cryogenic liquide or pressurized gas.But this target does not realize as yet satisfactorily, and therefore, although the cost of the renewable hydrogen of methane and various ways is far smaller than gasoline, most automobiles still are devoted to gasoline.Similarly; Use the mixture of methane, hydrogen or methane and hydrogen to replace the diesel fuel in the compression ignition engine to be taken as target for a long time interchangeably as cryogenic liquide and/or compressed gaseous; But verified this target is difficult to realize more, and the most diesel oil motor still is devoted to cause pollution and more expensive diesel fuel.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional schematic side view according to the integrated sparger/igniter of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is the side view according to the system of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 D shows the some representative stratiform burst mode (burst pattern) that can carry out injected fuel through the sparger according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is the longitudinal part section of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.

Fig. 5 is the end elevation according to the element of Fig. 4 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is the longitudinal part section of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.

Fig. 7 is the end elevation according to the element of Fig. 6 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are the unit valve assemblies according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is an an embodiment's of the present disclosure schematic fuel control circuit layout.

Figure 10 is the longitudinal part section of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.

Figure 11 is the end elevation according to the element of Figure 10 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 12 is the sparger embodiment's of the present disclosure that operates according to a principle of the present disclosure legend.

Figure 13 is the amplification end view of flat pipeline shown in Figure 10.

Figure 14 is a schematic illustration, comprising the sectional view that carries out some parts of operated system according to embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 15 A to Figure 15 D shows like the operation of the present disclosure according to principle of the present disclosure provided.

Figure 16 is the cross section side-looking partial view according to the sparger of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 17 A is according to the insulator of embodiment structure of the present disclosure or the side view of dielectric plastid, and Figure 17 B is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 17B-17B intercepting of Figure 17 A.

Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B are basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 18-18 intercepting of Figure 16, wherein show insulator or dielectric plastid according to another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B are the schematic illustration that is used for forming in desired regions the system of insulator with compressive stress or dielectric plastid according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 20 and Figure 21 are the cross-sectional side views according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 22 A be according to embodiment of the present disclosure structure be used to align the truss pipe of actuator to the side view of homogeneous component, and Figure 22 B is basically along the cross-section front view of the line 22B-22B intercepting of Figure 22 A.

Figure 22 C be according to another embodiment structure of the present disclosure be used to align the side view of alignment component truss of actuator, and Figure 22 D is basically along the cross-section front view of the line 22D-22D intercepting of Figure 22 C.

Figure 22 E is the cross section side-looking partial view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 23 is the cross-sectional side view according to the driver of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 24 A to Figure 24 F shows some representative injector-ignition and flow regulator or the lid according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 25 A is an isometric view, and Figure 25 B is a rear view, and Figure 25 C is the cross-sectional side view of basic edge according to the line 25C-25C intercepting of Figure 25 B of the safety check of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 26 A is that Figure 26 B is the plan view of the sparger of Figure 26 A according to the cross-sectional side view of the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure, wherein shows igniting and flow regulator.

Figure 27 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of another embodiment structure of the present disclosure, and Figure 27 B is the indicative icon of some combustion performancies of the sparger of Figure 27 A.

Figure 28 to Figure 30 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of other embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 30 B and Figure 30 C are according to the igniting of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure and the plan view of flow regulator.

Figure 31 and Figure 32 are the cross-sectional side views according to the sparger of further embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 33 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the safety check of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure, and Figure 33 B is the rear view according to the safety check of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 34 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the valve seat of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure, and Figure 34 B is the rear view according to the valve seat of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure, and Figure 34 C is the plan view according to the valve seat of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 35 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 35 B is the plan view of the sparger of Figure 35 A, wherein shows igniting and flow regulator according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 36 A is the cross section partial side view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 36 B is the plan view of the sparger of Figure 36 A, wherein shows igniting and flow regulator according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 37 is the cross-sectional schematic side view according to the system of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 38 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 38 B is the amplification detailed view of valve assembly of the sparger of Figure 38 A.

Figure 38 C is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 38C-38C intercepting of Figure 38 A; Figure 38 D is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 38D-38D intercepting of Figure 38 A; Figure 38 E is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 38E-38E intercepting of Figure 38 A.

Figure 38 F be basically along the line 38F-38F intercepting among Figure 38 A embodiment's the cross-sectional side view of forcer.

Figure 39 is the cross-sectional view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 40 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 40 B is the plan view of biasing member of the sparger of Figure 40 A.

Figure 41 is the cross section side-looking partial view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Figure 42 is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

Embodiment

The application has combined on January 7th, 2008 to submit and be entitled as the U.S. Patent application No.12/006 of " MULTIFUEL STORAGE; METERING, AND IGNITION SYSTEM " to through the mode that quotes in full in this article, and 774 (is United States Patent(USP) No. 7 now; 628,137) theme.The application has combined the theme of each patent in the U.S. Patent application of submitting to July in 2010 21 of following while through the mode that quotes in full, and these patents are entitled as: " FUEL INJECTORACTUATOR ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE ANDMANUFACTURE " (attorney 69545-8032US); " INTEGRATED FUELINJECTORS AND IGNITERS WITH CONDUCTIVE CABLEASSEMBLIES " (attorney 69545-8033US); " SHAPING A FUELCHARGE IN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH MULTIPLE DRIVERSAND/OR IONIZATION CONTROL " (attorney 69545-8034US); " CERAMIC INSULATOR AND METHODS OF USE ANDMANUFACTURE THEREOF " (attorney 69545-8036US); " METHODAND SYSTEM OF THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION TO PROVIDEOXYGENATED FUEL, FOR EXAMPLE, WITH FUEL-COOLED FUELINJECTORS " (attorney 69545-8037US); And " METHODS ANDSYSTEMS FOR REDUCING THE FORMATION OF OXIDES OFNITROGEN DURING COMBUSTION IN ENGINES " (attorney 69545-8038US).

A. General introduction

The disclosure has been described and has been used to provide device, the system and method that is configured to use and comprise with pluralities of fuel the fuel injector of integrated igniter.The disclosure has further described the integrated fuel that is used for internal-combustion engine uses and has sprayed and ignition mechanism, and the system of relative association, assembly, parts and method.For example, the some embodiments among hereinafter described the embodiment relate in general to the suitable fuel sparger/igniter that can optimize the injection and the burning of various fuel based on chamber conditions.Set forth some details among following description and Fig. 1 to Figure 42, so that the deep understanding to various embodiments of the present disclosure to be provided.But; Hereinafter is not set forth other details that the well-known structure that usually is associated with the others of internal-combustion engine, sparger, igniter and/or combustion system and system are described, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description to various embodiments of the present disclosure.Therefore, should be appreciated that the some details that provide hereinafter to set forth, with through being enough to make those skilled in the relevant art can make and use the mode of the disclosed embodiments that the following example is described.But, put into practice some details and advantage that some embodiment of the present disclosure possibly not need hereinafter to describe.

Many details shown in the drawings, size, angle, shape and further feature only are used to explain specific embodiment of the present disclosure.Therefore, other embodiment can have other details, size, angle and characteristic under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit of the present disclosure or scope.In addition, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that and under the situation that does not have some details hereinafter described, to put into practice other embodiment of the present disclosure.

Running through specific characteristic, structure or the characteristic that " embodiment " or " embodiment " that this specification quotes mean with embodiment's associated description is contained among at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.Therefore, run through this specification and needn't all refer to identical embodiment in phrase " in one embodiment " or " in an embodiment " that a plurality of positions occur.In addition, specific characteristic, structure or characteristic can be attached among one or more embodiments through any suitable manner.The title that this paper provides only is for convenience's sake, and does not explain scope of disclosure required for protection or meaning.

Integrated sparger/igniter

Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional schematic side view according to the integrated sparger/igniter 110 (" sparger 110 ") of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 110 shown in Figure 1 is configured to different fuel is ejected in the firing chamber 104, and based on combustion performance in the firing chamber 104 and condition the pattern and/or the frequency of fuel injection or outburst is carried out the self adaption adjusting.As illustrated in detail hereinafter, sparger 110 can be optimized the institute injected fuel to be used for igniting and perfect combustion fast.Except burner oil, sparger 110 also comprises and is configured to one or more integrated ignition Characteristics that institute's injected fuel is lighted a fire.Therefore, can utilize sparger 110 that traditional internal-combustion engine is changed into and can operate multiple different fuel.Although for purpose of illustration schematically show shown in the certain characteristics of sparger 110, hereinafter is described in detail some characteristics that these schematically show with reference to embodiment's of the present disclosure various characteristics.The position component of the sparger that therefore, schematically shows among Fig. 1, size, orientations etc. and being not intended to limit the disclosure.

In the embodiment shown, sparger 110 comprises body 112, and body 112 has the intermediate portion 116 that between base portion 114 and spray nozzle part 118, extends.Spray nozzle part 118 extends through the port in the engine cylinder cover 107 at least in part, thereby the end 119 of spray nozzle part 118 is positioned at firing chamber 104 at the interface.Sparger 110 further comprises path or the passage 123 that extends to spray nozzle part 118 through body 112 from base portion 114.Passage 123 is configured to allow fuel to flow through body 112.Passage 123 is configured to allow meter unit and/or the energy source parts of other parts and sparger 110 of actuator 122 for example through body 112 equally.In certain embodiments, actuator 122 can be cable or bar, and this cable or bar have and functionally be attached to the flow control device that carried by the end of spray nozzle part 118 119 or the first end of valve 120.Therefore, Flow valve 120 is positioned proximate to the interface of firing chamber 104.Although be not shown among Fig. 1, can comprise Flow valve among some embodiment of sparger 110 more than one, and the one or more safety check that are positioned proximate to firing chamber 104 and are positioned at other position on the body 112.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, actuator 122 also comprises the second end that functionally is attached to driver 124.The second end can further be attached to controller or processor 126.With reference to various embodiment's illustrated in detail of the present disclosure, controller 126 and/or driver 124 are configured to fast and accurately actuator 122 are activated, to inject fuel in the firing chamber 104 through Flow valve 120 like hereinafter.For example, in certain embodiments, Flow valve 120 can be outwards (for example, towards the firing chamber 104) moves, and in other embodiments, Flow valve 120 inwardly (for example, away from firing chamber 104) moves, thus metering and control the injection of fuel.In addition, in certain embodiments, driver 124 can make actuator 122 tensionings so that Flow valve 120 is remained on closure or fixed position, and driver 124 can release actuator 122 allowing Flow valve 120 burner oils, and vice versa.Driver 124 can be realized expected frequency and the pattern that institute's injected fuel breaks out in response to controller and other power inductive means (for example, part spare, electromagnetic component and/or piezoelectric part).

In certain embodiments, actuator 122 can comprise that one or more integrated sensings and/or transmission part are to detect chamber performance and condition.For example, actuator 122 can be formed by fiber optic cables, the insulation transducer that is integrated in bar or the cable, and the sensor that perhaps can comprise other is to detect and communication firing chamber data.Although be not shown among Fig. 1, in other embodiments, and As described in detail below, sparger 110 can comprise other sensor or the measuring instrument of a plurality of positions that are on the sparger 110.For example, body 112 can comprise the optical fiber in the material that is integrated into body 112, and perhaps the material of body 112 itself can be used in and one or more controller communication combustion data.In addition, Flow valve 120 can be configured to sensing or carry sensor so that combustion data transferred to the one or more controllers that are associated with sparger 110.These data can be transmitted through wireless, wired, optics or other transmission medium.Such feedback makes it possible to carry out extremely quick and adaptive adjusting; To be used to optimizing fuel injection factors and characteristic, comprise fuel discharge pressure for example, fuel spray start correct time, be used to produce duration of charge that multilayer or layering supply with, one or more or continuous plasma igniting or the correct time of capacitive discharge etc.

This feedback of carrying out through controller 126, driver 124 and/or actuator 126 and self adaption are regulated and are for example allowed equally to optimize that power produces, the effect of fuel economy and make the pollutant effulent that comprises nitrogen oxide minimize or eliminate.The open No.2006/0238068 (mode through quoting in full is attached among this paper) of U.S. Patent application is described the suitable driver of the supersonic transducer that is used for activating sparger 110 as herein described and other sparger.

Sparger 110 can also randomly comprise igniting and the flow regulator that is carried by the end 119 of adjacent engine cylinder cap 107 or cover 121 (in Fig. 1, being shown dotted line).Lid 121 seals or holds Flow valve 120 at least in part.Lid 121 can also be configured to protect some parts of sparger 110, for example sensor or other monitoring component.Lid 121 can also be used as catalyzer, catalyst carrier and/or first electrode and institute's injected fuel lighted a fire being used for.In addition, lid 121 can be configured to influence shape, pattern and/or the phase place of institute's injected fuel.Flow valve 120 also can be configured to influence these performances of institute's injected fuel.For example, in certain embodiments, the unexpected gasification that lid 121 and/or Flow valve 120 can be configured to produce the fuel that flows through these parts.More specifically, lid 121 and/or Flow valve 120 can comprise such surface: these surfaces have sharp edges, catalyzer or the further feature that produces gas or steam through the mixture of the liquid fuel of quick entering or liquid fuel and solid fuel.Acceleration and/or frequency that Flow valve 120 activates also can make institute's injected fuel gasify suddenly.In operation, this gasification suddenly makes from the steam or the gas of spray nozzle part 118 dischargings and burns more fast and more fully.In addition, this unexpected gasification can be used for overheated liquid fuel and plasma or the sound-powered various combination with the fuel outburst of emission.In another embodiment, the frequency that Flow valve 120 activates can cause plasma emission, thereby influences the shape and/or the pattern of institute's injected fuel valuably.Be attached to the open No.672 of U.S. Patent application among this paper through the mode that quotes in full; 636 (U. S. Patents 4; 122,816) be described through sparger 110 as herein described and the suitable driver that other sparger activates plasma emission being used for.

Another aspect according to illustrated embodiment; And it is As described in detail below; At least a portion of body 112 is processed by one or more dielectric materials 117; Dielectric material 117 is adapted such that and can carries out high-energy ignition, thus the different fuel that burns (fuel that comprises unrefined fuel or low energy densities).These dielectric materials 117 can provide enough high-tension electric insulations, to be used for producing, isolating and/or carry spark or plasma (being used for igniting).In certain embodiments, body 112 can be processed by single dielectric material 117.But in other embodiments, body 112 can comprise two kinds or more kinds of dielectric material.For example, at least one section of intermediate portion 116 can be processed by first dielectric material with first dielectric strength, and at least one section of spray nozzle part 118 can be processed by the dielectric material with second dielectric strength (greater than first dielectric strength).Through the relative second stronger dielectric strength, second dielectric material can be protected sparger 110 influence with the impact of machinery, fouling, voltage-tracing etc. of not being heated.Hereinafter is described in detail the example of suitable dielectric material and the position of these materials on body 112.

Except dielectric material, sparger 110 can also be attached to power supply or high voltage source, thereby to produce ignition event burning institute injected fuel.First electrode can be attached to power supply (for example, voltage produces source (like capacitor discharge, induction or piezoelectric system)) through the one or more conductors that extend through sparger 110.Spray nozzle part 118, Flow valve 120 and/or cover 121 zone and can operate as corresponding second electrode of first electrode and engine cylinder cover 107; (for example to produce ignition event; Spark, plasma, compression ignition operation, high-energy capacitor discharge, be derived from the spark and/or direct current or the high-frequency plasma that prolong induction, in conjunction with ultrasonic application to cause rapidly, to advance and accomplish burning).Like the hereinafter illustrated in detail, first electrode can be constructed with durability and than the long life.In another embodiment of the present disclosure; Sparger 110 can be configured to provide from the transformation of energy in source, firing chamber and/or regenerate through thermochemistry and to recover used heat or wasted energy, with one or more parts of the energy drives sparger 110 through being derived from combustion incident.

Injection/ignition system

Fig. 2 shows the side view of environment of the part of combustion system 200, and combustion system 200 has the fuel injector 210 according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.What in the embodiment shown, schematically illustrated sparger 210 had only been explained sparger is configured in the firing chamber 202 of internal-combustion engine 204, spray and light a type of different fuel.As shown in Figure 2, firing chamber 202 is formed between the internal surface of head (comprising sparger 210 and valve), piston mobile 201 and cylinder 203.But in other embodiments, sparger 210 can firing chamber and/or the energy delivery means with other type use in other environment, comprises various blades, axial and radial piston decompressor and polytype rotary combustion engine.Describe in further detail like hereinafter; Sparger 210 comprises some such characteristics: these characteristics not only allow in firing chamber 202, to spray and light different fuel, make that also sparger 210 can or require according to different combustion conditions to spray adaptively and light these different fuel.For example, sparger 210 comprises one or more insulating material, and these insulation construction become to make it possible to carry out high-energy ignition, with the different fuel type that burns, comprise the fuel of unrefined fuel or low energy densities.These insulating material also are configured to bear the different required mal-condition of fuel type of burning, comprising for example HV, fatigue, impact, oxidation and corrosion degradation.

According to another aspect of illustrated embodiment, sparger 210 can further comprise the instrument of the various combustion performancies (for example, performance of the performance of the performance of combustion process, firing chamber 202, motor 204 etc.) that are used for sensing firing chamber 202.In response to these conditions that senses; Sparger 210 can be optimized fuel adaptively and spray and firing characteristic; With the increase that realizes that fuel efficiency improves and power produces, and reduce noise, engine knock, heat loss and/or vibration, thereby prolong motor and/or vehicle life-span.In addition, sparger 210 comprises that also actuating member injects fuel in the firing chamber 202, to realize specific the flowing or spray pattern 205 and phase place of institute's injected fuel.For example, sparger 210 can comprise one or more valves at the interface that is positioned proximate to firing chamber 202.The actuating member of sparger 210 provide valve accurately, the operation of high frequency, with the following at least characteristic of control: fuel sprays correct time of starting and accomplishing, frequency that fuel repeatedly sprays and the correct time and the selection of endurance and/or ignition event.

Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 D shows the some fuel burst mode 305 (being represented by first to fourth mode 3 05a to 305d respectively) that can be sprayed by the sparger according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.As those skilled in the art will appreciate that, shown mode 3 05 is only represented embodiments more of the present disclosure.Therefore, the disclosure is not limited to the mode 3 05 shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 D, and in other embodiments, sparger can carry out with shown in the different burst mode of mode 3 05.Although the mode 3 05 shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 D has different shapes and structure, these mode 3s 05 are shared and are had the characteristic of orderly fuel bed 307.The independent layer 307 of corresponding mode 3 05 provides the relatively large benefit of S/V of institute's injected fuel.These bigger S/Vs provide the higher rate of burning of fuel supply, and the insulation and the acceleration that help clean-burning fuel to supply with.Quick and burning is completely like this compared slowly, and the combustion fuel supply provides some advantages.For example, the combustion fuel supply needs igniting earlier more slowly, causes great amount of heat to be lost to combustor surface, and produces and more do over again (back work) or export torque loss to overcome the early stage pressure that causes owing to lighting a fire earlier.These burn operations formerly receive harmful heating and the puzzlement of wearing and tearing of other parts of pollutant effulent (for example, being rich in hydrocarbon particulate, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, quenching and the unburned hydrocarbon etc. of carbon) and piston, ring, cylinder wall, valve and firing chamber equally.

Therefore; The ability that substitutes traditional sparger, glow plug or spark plug (for example, diesel fuel injectors, be used for the spark plug of gasoline etc.) and develop complete rated power through miscellaneous recyclable fuel (the for example fuel alcohol of hydrogen, methane and the various cheapnesss made by the sewage that can extensively obtain, rubbish and crops and animal wastes) is provided according to system of the present disclosure and sparger.Although the fossil fuel that the energy density of these recyclable fuels is compared through refining maybe be little about 3,000 times, system of the present disclosure and sparger can spray and light these recyclable fuels and produce to be used for effective energy.

Be used to provide the system of many fuel injections

Fig. 4 is the longitudinal section of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.Fig. 5 is the end elevation according to the element of Fig. 4 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.According to the All aspects of of illustrative example shown in Figure 4, sparger 3028 makes it possible to utilize interchangeably that original fuel material or said process produce is the fuel type of characteristic with hydrogen.Liquid state, steam or the gaseous form of equal fuel that this comprises gasoline liquid, propane, ethane, butane, fuel alcohol, low temperature snow-broth, produce through thermochemistry regenerative response of the present disclosure or new fuel type.

As shown in Figure 4; Sparger 3028 make it possible to select to pass through the loop that provided optimum fuel (flow comprising through various valves is selected, and is shown among Fig. 4 to be used for utilizing such fuel type and the valve of condition: these fuel types and condition comprise primary fuel from fuel tank, from the primary fuel of heating of heat exchanger 3036, from the vaporization primary fuel of heat exchanger 3036, come the fuel type of the new generation of autoreactor 3036, the heating fuel that comes autoreactor 3036 that combines with fuel from heat exchanger) and selection pressure to be used for coming optimization variable (comprise the fuel transfer rate and to the infiltration of firing chamber, be in the part of the selected time that is used to light a fire and totally many other combination and the arrangements of air-fuel mixture, fuel burn rate and these variablees) to be delivered to sparger 3028 through controlling adjustable pressure regulator.The structure of fuel injector 3028 has improved the ability that is used for the injection of self adaption fuel, fuel infiltration pattern, air utilization, igniting and burning control, thereby has realized multiple alternative optimization aim of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 shows system's fuel shown in the drawings and sprays a kind of exemplary embodiment 3028 in the solenoid-actuated kind with positive ignition system.All aspects of according to embodiment; Sparger 3028 provides the accurate volume of the fuel of notable change aspect temperature, viscosity and density to spray and igniting, comprising the snow-broth hydrogen mixture of the solid-state and liquid hydrogen that is in-254 ℃ (425 ° of F), hot hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformation formaldehyde that is in 150 ℃ (302 ° of F) or higher temperature to diesel oil that is in ambient temperature and gasoline liquid.Efficient operation through motor provides the wide of the required volume of rated power partially or completely to need accurate number of times, the accurately conveying of volume and the self adaption correct time of correct timed ignition from such fuel; Each engine cycles has quick repetition, before or after the best injection timing of expectation, does not have the sparger drippage all.Since the carelessness in exhaust, air inlet or the early stage compression stage carry the exhaust cycle that causes with problematic fuel and/or do over again and/or the process of heat loss in, avoiding such drippage is extremely difficult and important for avoiding fuel loss.

In certain embodiments, the fuel drip minimizing is through provide the spacing between flow control valve 3074 and the valve actuator (the solenoid valve operator that comprises insulation winding 3046, soft magnetic core 3045, armature 3048 and spring 3036) to realize for example as shown in the figurely.In order to satisfy the extremely strict spatial limitation in " hot well " condition set in the camshaft of engine valve group and modern engine and to realize this spatial limitation, the infrastructure of sparger 3028 becomes in the

part

3076 and 3086 below voltage insulation well 3066 to have the screw thread identical with common spark plug, scope (reach) and body diameter.Similarly; Little sparger portion section is arranged for alternative diesel fuel injectors, is combined in the accurate spark ignition of the fuel (is the fuel of characteristic from the low-vapor pressure diesel fuel to hydrogen and/or with hydrogen) that aspect of performance changes and the basic competence that performance is supplied with in layering simultaneously.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, thus ejector arrangements makes it possible to the HV that is used for spark ignition is put on the conductor 3068 in the well 3066 and strides across conduction nozzle 3070 and the accumulation characteristic 3085 generation ionization voltages that are positioned at like the screw section at the interface 3086 of Fig. 4 and firing chamber shown in Figure 5.In certain embodiments; Flow control valve 3074 promotes through high tenacity insulator cable or lightweight conduction optical cable 3060, and high tenacity insulator cable or lightweight conduction optical cable 3060 move through the driver of solenoid-operated device assembly or the power of armature 3048 as shown in the figurely.According to an embodiment's All aspects of, the diameter of cable 3060 is 0.04mm (0.015 inch) and formed by a branch of high tenacity light pipe fiber, comprising the fiber of the radiation of selecting effective transmission IR, visible and/or UV wavelength.

A characteristic according to illustrated embodiment; This tube bank is encapsulated in the protectiveness collapsible tube or is assembled in thermoplasticity or the thermosetting adhesive forming very high strength, flexibility and the actuator that is used for flow control valve 3074 and data capture parts of insulation extremely, and the data capture parts report into IR continuously, it is thus clear that and/or chamber pressure, temperature and the combustion mode condition of UV light data.According to further embodiment; The protectiveness lens or the coating that are used for cable 3060 are arranged at interface, firing chamber 3083, based on the sensor or the side rubbing down optical fiber in chamber the firing pressure data to be provided through optical fibre Fabry-perot interferometer, miniature Fabry-Perot.In operation, from being positioned at the leaded light tube bank transmission of firing chamber shown at the interface or basically passing through, can for example protect the not frayed influence with thermal degradation of the leaded light tube bank shown in this near the pressure data of the end of the cable 3060 at interface, firing chamber.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, except heat-resisting refractory alloy and/or kanthal (Kanthols), suitable lens protective material also includes but not limited to diamond, sapphire, quartz, magnesia, silicon carbide and/or other pottery.

Fig. 6 is the longitudinal section of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.Fig. 7 is the end elevation according to the element of Fig. 6 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Therefore, shown in the alternative of sparger as shown in Figure 6, sparger 3029 comprises transparent dielectric insulator 3072.Insulator 3072 provides from the firing chamber to the light pipes transmit of the radiation frequency of photoelectric sensor 3062P and corresponding to the different strain signal of the chamber pressure condition light pipes transmit to strain gauge 3062D.

According to further embodiment; Embedded controller 3062 preferably receives the signal from

sensor

3062D and 3062P, with the fuel that is used to produce analog or digital carry and the spark ignition incident as efficient, power generation, the smooth operation degree of engine components, failure safe provides and the further improvement in working life.In certain embodiments; Time between controller 3062 record sensor indexs produce with the torque of confirming each cylinder; Thereby the positive engine acceleration of deriving and negative engine acceleration are sprayed as self adaption fuel and the function of spark ignition correct time and data on flows, so that confirm to optimize the required adjusting of engine operation parameters of expectation.Therefore; Controller 3062 is used as system's (hereinafter is discussed) that host computer is controlled Figure 14, comprising selecting various operations through sparger (for example Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 9, Figure 11 and sparger 3028,3029 or 3029 ' shown in Figure 13).

In certain embodiments, be to provide to the protection of tube bank of the optical fiber of flow control valve 3074 belows or cable 3060 through safety check 3084 like Fig. 6 and substantially transparent shown in Figure 7.According to an embodiment, exemplary quick-make safety check comprises the ferromagnetic element that is encapsulated in the transparent body.The combination of this function can provide through comprising ferromagnetic dish or the various geometrical shapies of the ferromagnetic ball in the hyaloplasmic sphere in the transparent plate as shown in the figure.In operation, such geometrical shape makes safety check 3084 can under the effect of magnetic force, arrive usually closed position, thereby ground as shown in the figure is very near the end of flow control valve 3074 and cable 3060.When flow control valve 3074 is raised when providing fuel to flow; Thereby the open position in the safety check 3084 stressed arrival wellholes remains on safety check 3084 in the crossed grooves 3088; Crossed grooves 3088 allows fuel to flow through magnetic valve seat 3090 through safety check 3084 and through groove 3088, thus as Figure 12 and shown in Figure 14 show that the very high surface of the fuel that gets into the air in the firing chamber and volume permeate (discussing hereinafter).Therefore, cable 3060 continues to monitor the firing chamber incident through receiving and transmitting through the radiation frequency of safety check 3084.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, the suitable material that is used for the hyalomere of safety check 3084 comprises sapphire, quartz, heat-resistant polymer and for the interested frequency of monitoring, is transparent pottery.

In general, expectation produces maximum torque through minimum fuel consumption.In the objectionable zone of nitrogen oxides emissions of for example crowded avenue, self adaption fuel sprays and ignition timing provides peak torque and do not allow peak combustion temperatures to reach 2,200 ℃ (4,000 ° of F).An exemplary approach confirming peak combustion temperatures is through utilizing the flame temperature detector of smaller diameter fiber cable 3060 or bigger transparent insulator 3072.Insulator 3072 can be by heat-resisting and anti abrasive coating manufacturing; Sapphire or the diamond coatings on the firing chamber face of high temperature polymer for example; Perhaps through quartz, sapphire or glass manufacturing functions, comprising the sensor 3062D of the radiation that produces by burning through light pipes transmit controller 3062 extremely as shown in the figure to be used for being combined in the sparger 3028.In addition, with reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, controller 3062 and/or 3043 monitorings are from the signal of the sensor 3062D in each firing chamber, spray and/or spark ignition correct time with fuel metering adaptively, thereby prevent nitric oxide production formation.

Therefore, from and the position of the valve opened to the tight spacing of modern engine of the interface of firing chamber and valve operator top almost any distance can both provide by the fuel control force of the flow control valve 3074 that transfers to common closure through insulated cable 3060 and the whole spark ignition of optimum spark plug or diesel fuel injectors position.Structure with fuel injector of whole igniting of the present disclosure allows sparger to substitute spark plug or diesel fuel injectors; Thereby provide accurate fuel injection timing and self adaption spark ignition to supply with burning, comprising the less fuel (regardless of octane, cetane, viscosity, temperature or fuel energy density grade) of cost with the high efficiency layering that is used for kind fuel selection very widely.Before be subject to motor that the fuel with specific octane or cetane number is operated through lower at cost aspect the fuel and environment facies are converted into the operation of more efficient longer service life when the useful disclosure.In addition, can operate sparger 3028,3029 or 3029 ' carries with ignition system or as spark ignition system only as pilot fuel and makes motor recover the primitive operation to the gasoline through carburetting or the conveying of intake manifold fuel injection system.Similarly, can be configured for according to these various fuel meterings sparger 3028,3029 or 3029 ' and fire group is incompatible operates through diesel fuel or alternative spark ignition fuel.

According to others of the present disclosure, can when preventing to form nitrogen oxide, control adaptively and fuel injection timing and spark ignition correct time produce, guarantee that to be used for for example making fuel economy maximization, specific power lubricating film on the cylinder of firing chamber safeguards and/or make the purpose of minimize.In certain embodiments, cable 3060 is extended near the face place, firing chamber or firing chamber face of fuel dispensing nozzle regularly through flow control valve 3074, thereby like Fig. 5, Fig. 7 with shown in Figure 11 observe the firing chamber incident through the center of groove 3088.In alternative; Cable 3060 can form one or more degree of crook (for example armature stops the loop of ball 3035 tops) that move freely; Thereby thereby be preferably such that armature 3048 can begin to move and produce momentum before beginning to promote the therefore unexpected lifting flow control valve 3074 of cable 3060, thereby and radiation wavelength is delivered to sensor 3040 from the firing chamber through soft magnetic core 3045 regularly as shown in the figurely.According to embodiment of the present disclosure, sensor 3040 can separate or be formed integral to (as shown in the figure) in the controller 3043 with controller 3043.In one embodiment; Electro-Optic Sensor System provides the comprehensive monitoring to chamber conditions, sprays and ignition event comprising burning, expansion, exhaust, air inlet, fuel as the function of pressure in the firing chamber of motor as shown in the figure and/or radiation detection.Therefore; With reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 6; Residing time of temperature, piston position when burning through chamber pressure with temperature and fuel immediately from the temperature of sensor 3040 and/or sensor 3062D and/or sensor 3062P and corresponding pressure signal are associated, and are associated with the chemical property of the product that burns.

Such coherence is easy to U. S. Patent 6,015, and 065,6; 446,597,6,503; 584,5,343,699 and 5; 394,852 and co-pending application 60/551,219 in disclosed technology and through the binding data collection of piston position, chamber pressure motor is operated to the firing chamber radiation data that sensor as shown in the figure 3040 provides through optical fiber tube bank/light pipe assembly/cable 3060 and to be realized.The correlation function that is produced makes the radiation signal that is delivered to sensor 3040 through cable 3060 and piston position data to indicate to optimize adaptively the pattern of chamber pressure, temperature and combustion condition that the various duties of engine (for example, fuel economy, power produced maximize, avoid nitrogen oxide, avoid heat loss etc.) are required.Afterwards, the data that offer controller 3043 by cable 3060 and sensor 3040 can make the quick and adaptive control that realizes the duty of engine through the unusual effective sparger of cost.

Therefore; According to an embodiment, more comprehensively the self adaption ejecting system simultaneously combined sensor 3040 and cable 3060 and as known in this field and/or by reference mode cover disclosed one or more pressure transducers in patent that the preceding text among this paper quote and the co-pending application.The rotational acceleration of under these circumstances, preferably monitoring motor is to be used for the self adaption improvement that fuel economy and power produce management.Therefore can be through multiple technologies monitoring engine acceleration, detect comprising bent axle or camshaft timing, distributor correct time, gear teeth correct time or velocity of piston.Make it possible to through traditional or spend less fuel and significantly improve engine performance, fuel economy, effulent control and engine life as the engine acceleration of the function of controlled variable (drawing) comprising fuel type selection, fuel type temperature, fuel injection timing, jet pressure, injection recurrence rate, ignition timing and chamber temperature.

According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, produce spark plasma igniting with self adaption correct time with the burning of fuel viscosity, calorific value and the vapour tension of optimizing extensive variation through being positioned at or the remote valve operator 3048 at contiguous basically interface, firing chamber and this new combination of flow control valve 3074 provide.Owing to exists very little between flow control valve 3074 and the firing chamber or have clearance volume hardly, so this structure has almost been eliminated harmful preceding drippage or back drippage.Through flow control valve 3074 is positioned at the firing chamber at the interface, avoided usually the fuel flow impedance that causes by the passage of transfer the fuel circuitously.In certain embodiments; Flow control valve 3074 can be through suitable mechanical spring or through as the cable of the function of the power that is applied by spring 3036 or the condition that the compressive force on the bar 3060 is pushed into common closure; Perhaps be pushed into valve seat 3090, comprising the combination of this closed action through magnet spring gravitation.

According to All aspects of of the present disclosure; Withstand voltage properties is to realize through the free acceleration of the armature driver 3048 that the impact of following on the ball 3035 is provided, and armature driver 3048 is fixed on the position on the cable 3060 and is designed to make suddenly ball 3035 to promote or displacement.In certain embodiments, driver 3048 is fixed (stationery) cable 3060 relative to freely moving towards electromagnetic pole spare and through as shown in the figure.After obtaining sizable momentum, the ball 3035 in the good spring that shows of driver 3048 bumps.In the embodiment shown, ball 3035 is attached to the cable 3060 in the spring as shown in the figure 3036.Therefore, in operation, impact application suddenly through this and compare and can cause less relatively inertia through big a lot of power that direct acting solenoid valve produces, the top valve seat of the closed path of flow control valve 3074 from seat 3090 promotes suddenly usually.

This embodiment can utilize any suitable seat that is used for flow control valve 3074; But, for the application of the firing chamber of puffer, preferably permanent magnet is attached to wherein or as seat 3090 flow control valve 3074 is pushed to the condition of common closure as shown in the figure.This unexpected impact of the flow control valve 3074 that carries out through armature 3048 activates and makes regardless of the appearance of fuel temperature, viscosity, snow-broth crystal (slush crystals) or guarantee that the fuel transfer rate of expectation maybe required exerting pressure, and can both guarantee accurately flowing of fuel.For example the permanent magnet of SmCo and NdFeB is easy under the operating temperature that reaches 205 ℃ (401 ° of F), provide the magnetic force of expectation and the position that dependable flow control valve 3074 is pushed into the common closure on the magnetic valve seat 3090, thereby therefore almost eliminates clearance volume and back drippage.

In the illustrative contrast; If flow control valve 3074 will engage with armature 3048 being used in the hole of insulator 3064, being delivered to conduction nozzle 3070, the back drippage of the fuel in the clearance volume shown in then temporarily being in can with engine cycles in be in volume that the fuel of the expection of expected time carries as many.Back drippage this flows in the process of the final stage that can be in expansion or is in the process of exhaust stroke; Therefore and will be (if the incomplete words) of wasting most, cause the lubricated flame collision loss of protectiveness cylinder wall, useless piston heating and because the friction of the increase that differential expansion causes and exhaust system component overheated simultaneously.This is extremely important open no matter making the specific fuel energy of octane value, vapour tension or every volume how can both utilize aspect interchangeable utilization the traditional or lower-cost fuel.

In addition, to such as by driver 3048 on the cable 3060 and therefore on flow control valve 3074 unexpected impact provided greater than 700 barometric pressure, traditional valve-operating system will be limited to about 7 atmospheric pressure drops.Can compare the flow control valve 3074 that low temperature snow-broth fuel that apple jam or cottage formula cheese has quality and the viscosity of incomparable difficulty is easy to be transported to through relatively large path common closure, flow control valve 3074 is arranged on the major diameter aperture of seat 3090.The quick acceleration of big inertia electromagnetism armature 3048 and unexpected impact are subsequently shifted very large lifting force through dielectric cable 3060; Leave the big aperture of seat in 3090 to promote flow control valve 3074 suddenly and surely, thereby open the safety check 3084 (if existence) of common closure and fuel snow-broth mixture is ejected in the firing chamber.For the fuel that is in any phase place or as be in comprising of can providing off and under 400 ° of F (204 ℃) or the higher temperature hydrogen with other very the mixture of the phase place of low-viscosity fuel the same guaranteed conveying with back drippage is provided.

According to All aspects of of the present disclosure; No matter fuel density whether be in cold engine start and then become hundred times or thousand times less than the liquid gasoline of engine warm-up density or low temperature hydrogen to be provided for the heat that liquid fuel is converted into vaporized fuel, can both provide the accurate measurement of the fuel that gets into the firing chamber not have disadvantageous back with igniting and drip.This allows vehicle operators to select expectation and obtainable fuel to be used for make-up tank 3404 (being shown in Figure 14).Afterwards, engine exhaust heat is reclaimed by heat exchanger shown in Figure 14 and sparger provides the optimization through the expectation that utilizes the selected fuel of engine waste heat, is the advantage that burning is supplied with in the layering of characteristic thereby provide with hydrogen.In perishing weather and for carbon dioxide emissions is minimized, preferably transmit via solenoid valve and store the hydrogen in the accumulator or be the gas of characteristic with hydrogen through the time that can obtain a large amount of motor heats at reactor 3036.In operation, in the time that cold engine starts, valve open and hydrogen or with hydrogen be the fuel of characteristic through valve flow to pressure regulator and sparger 3028, with provide motor extremely fast, the very efficient and startup cleaned.

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are the unit valve assemblies according to embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the ocean, agricultural, mining industry, construction and through railway and truck carry out heavily to drag the efficient and the working life that the chance of utilizing recyclable fuel are provided in the application and improve big-block engine be basic, but enough vaporized fuel energy of carrying initial design to become to be used for the big-block engine of diesel fuel are extremely difficult.Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B show and are used to make the part section of unit valve 3100 of each cylinder that the forced feed of the fuel that the energy density of big volume is relatively low can controlled delivery to motor.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure; Because basic layering is supplied with products of combustion (combustant) and compared traditional fuel and have the higher thermal efficiency, so unit valve 3100 is useful especially being used for making big-block engine to combine sparger can utilize aspect the low-down fuel of energy density.Unit valve 3100 also makes it possible to the such fuel of part utilization, thus the volumetric efficiency of coming to improve greatly the motor that is transformed through the amount that is increased in each air inlet cyclic process the air that imports the firing chamber.

In operation, when spring 3104 is pushed to valve (for example ball 3106) operating position on the seat 3108 as shown in the figure, the valve chamber shown in pressurized fuel is supplied to through inlet fitting 3102.In high speed engine is used, perhaps cause when opposing because be easy to form solid in the snow-broth fuel when spring 3104, preferably provide 3108 as permanent-magnet pole to help the quick-make of ball 3106.When expectation fuel when being delivered to the firing chamber, push rod 3112 force ball 3106 to promote to leave seat 3108 and allow fuel around ball 3106 and through shown in path flow to accessory 3110, to be used to be delivered to the firing chamber.In certain embodiments, push rod 3112 is through being shown the closed fitted seal in 3122 the hole or sealing through the for example elastomer seal of Sealing 3114.Can be through any suitable method or the combination actuate push 3112 of method.

According to an embodiment; Can be through the suitable control to fuel flow rate being provided because the solenoid that electric current causes through the Circular Winding 3126 in the steel cap 3128 moves, solenoid plunger 3116 moves axially with push rod 3112 as shown in the figure in steel cap 3128 relatively.In certain embodiments, plunger 3116 ferromagnetic material of soft magnetism preferably.Plunger 3116 carries out linearity and moves under the guiding of sliding bearing 3124; Sliding bearing 3124 is selflubricating or anti-friction alloy preferably, for example through suitable bonding, swaged forging or stewing (braised) thus locks in place forever is positioned at Nitronic alloy on the magnetic pole iron spare 3122 of unit valve as shown in the figure 3100 or the permanent lubricated powder metallurgy oil-retaining bearing with screw thread, interference fit.

In other embodiment; Valve ball 3106 can also be opened through pulse action; In this pulse action, be allowed to prior to cause suddenly after push rod 3112 impact beads 3106 move freely, plunger 3116 is allowed to before quite high opening force is being provided, obtain sizable momentum.In this embodiment; Preferably when plunger 3116 quicken towards ball 3106 be initially located in the neutral position time " static state " gap enough between the end of ball 3106 and push rod 3112 is provided, produce sizable momentum before to allow receiving unexpected impact at ball 3106.

Be used for batch operation push rod 3112 and therefore the alternative approach of batch operation ball 3106 be to realize through rotary solenoid or the displacement of operating with the same frequency that the suction valve and/or the power stroke of motor are controlled of mechanically operated cam.Unique source that can utilize so mechanically actuated conduct to be used for ball 3106 displacements perhaps combines push-and-pull or rotary solenoid.In operation, clevis 3118 is ball bearing assembly 3120 fixedly, and wherein the roller of anti-friction bearing assembly or outer ring rotate above suitable cam, thereby makes that plunger 3116 and push rod 3112 are linear mobile towards ball 3106.For the fuel flow rate that produces expectation after the impact bead 3106, ball 3106 is got back to the neutral position with plunger 3116 through magnetic base as shown in the figure and/or

spring

3104 and 3105.

Can conceive " often opening " that the proper operation of unit valve 3100 can carry out through the brake component (not shown) that has by piezoelectric operated similarly thus the displacement of the cam of the ball bearing assembly of function 3120 realizes or through act on plunger 3116 as Fig. 8 A and camshaft 3120 shown in Figure 9 through after continue the actuating realization of the electromagnet 3126 of fuel flowing stage.This provides the fluid flow valve function; Wherein for example the plunger 3112 of the effect of the power of the removable valve element of ball 3106 through receiving suitable mechanism (comprising solenoid, cam-operated device and solenoid and cam-operated person's combination) is shifted, and wherein valve element 3106 is held in place to be used to allow realizing that through the combination of such solenoid, piezoelectricity brake component and/or solenoid and piezoelectric device fluid flows aperiodically.

From the fuel of unit valve 3100 flow the suction valve port that can be delivered to motor, be delivered to suitable direct cylinder fuel sparger and/or be delivered to the sparger of selected combination with the embodiment who is illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figure 10 and Figure 11.In some application of for example large-scale displacement type motor, expectation is delivered to whole three inlet points with fuel.Pressurized fuel in the time period that air inlet port or valve are opened through spraying correct time under the situation of the inlet valve port that is transported to the firing chamber; Thereby pump into through applying the fuel momentum produces bigger air density in the firing chamber air, realized the increase of air inlet and volumetric efficiency.

Under these circumstances, fuel is carried with the speed that obviously surpasses air velocity, thereby causes that therefore air quickens to get in the firing chamber.This advantage can be through will getting into the firing chamber the amount of fuel be controlled to be less than the amount that starts through spark ignition or keep burnt fuel and form.But; This poor fuel-air mixture can be easy to spray through fuel and lights a fire and sparger embodiment through Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figure 10 and Figure 11 lights a fire, and these spargers embodiment is through becoming the poor fuel-air mixture that port fuel injection produces by correct time that guaranteed igniting and rapid osmotic are provided fuel combustion.

Can by direct cylinder injection extra power be provided through the independent direct fuel injector that fuel is added into the burning that sparger starts.From one or more independent direct cylinder injector to start by sparger/igniter and the combustion mode of control direct injection guaranteed in the excess air fast with perfect combustion and avoided usually with need be from combustor surface fuel vortex, ricochet and/or resilience and then at the heat loss that centers on the surface of spark ignition sources or independent direct injection that near surface burns and spark ignition parts are associated.

In more large-scale engine application; For the high speed engine operation; And the electric current in expectation Circular Winding 3126 needs and heat produces under the minimized situation, and special expectation combines moving with plunger 3116 and the solenoid-operated of ball 3112 of mechanical cam actuating.This makes plunger 3116 elementary move and can be provided by the camshaft of the camshaft 3212 of for example Fig. 9.After the initial valve action of setting up the ball 3106 that the fuel be used to be enough to make the race of engine carries through cam action, through because the relative less current that in Circular Winding 3126, produces flows continues " normal ETAD expected time of arrival and departure " to be increased provide fuel to be carried and the increase of power generation with respect to retainer 3122 non-movable piston 3116.Therefore, through the normal ETAD expected time of arrival and departure that prolongs plunger 3116 by the solenoid of opening the fast action of following the ball of realizing like Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, Fig. 9 and cam action shown in Figure 12 3106 guaranteed valve operation is provided and to the accurate control of the power that increases.

According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, the motor with a plurality of firing chambers is provided with the accurate conveying in correct time of fuel through the embodiment's 3200 shown in the schematic fuel control circuit layout of Fig. 9 arrangement unit valve.Under this illustrative case, six unit valve (3100) are the angular separation location to equate in housing 3202.Housing 3202 provides pressurized fuel through manifold 3204 to each unit valve inlet 3206.The cam that is shown on the camshaft 3212 activates each push-rod assembly 3210 off and on; With provide fuel from inlet to accurately the flowing of outlet 3208 (corresponding to Fig. 8 B 3110), thereby fuel is delivered to the suction valve port and/or the firing chamber of expectation directly or through for example Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and sparger/igniter shown in Figure 10.In certain embodiments, housing 3202 is preferably regulated with respect to carrying out self adaption with the position, angle of camshaft 3212, in response to the adaptive optimization algorithm that is provided by controller as shown in the figure 3220 spark and injection advance to be provided.

In certain embodiments, controller 3220 and the parts that are associated can preferably provide the fuel of each firing chamber carry and the adaptive optimization of spark ignition incident as efficient, power generation, the smooth operation degree of engine components, failure safe provides and the further improvement in working life.Time between controller 3220 record sensor indications produce with the torque of confirming each cylinder; Thereby the positive engine acceleration of deriving and negative engine acceleration are sprayed as self adaption fuel and the function of spark ignition data, so that confirm to be used to optimize the required adjusting of power operation result of expectation.

In general, expectation produces maximum torque through minimum fuel consumption.But in the objectionable zone of nitrogen oxides emissions of for example crowded avenue, self adaption fuel sprays and ignition timing provides peak torque and do not allow peak combustion temperatures to reach 2,200 ℃ (4,000 ° of F).This be through shown in embodiment of the present disclosure realize.

The confirming preferably of peak combustion temperatures provided by the flame temperature detector that utilizes smaller diameter fiber cable or bigger transparent insulator 3072 shown in figure 10.In certain embodiments; Insulator 3072 is through heat-resisting and anti abrasive coating manufacturing; Sapphire or the diamond coatings on the firing chamber face of high temperature polymer for example; The function that is perhaps combined to be used in the sparger through quartz, sapphire or glass manufacturing is passed through light pipes transmit to controller 3043 as shown in the figure and/or 3432 sensor 3062D comprising the radiation that is produced by burning.For example, controller 3043 monitoring is from the wireless signal of the sensor 3062D in each firing chamber, sprays and/or spark ignition correct time with fuel metering adaptively, thereby prevents the formation of nitrous oxide or other nitrogen oxide.

In certain embodiments; Preferably via being that HV lead 3068 provides foundry goods or injection mould polymer insulation through the hole 3064 that photoconductive tube 3072 is provided with, HV lead 3068 is protected and is sealed lead 3068, nozzle 3070 and the controller 3062 of

contiguous instrument

3062D and 3062P and form insulated wells as shown in the figure 3066.In other embodiments; Preferably use this identical insulator to form another insulator well 3066 similar in the position of contiguous well 3050 (but be positioned at well 3050 belows and from well 3050 rotations), to be used to protect and being electrically connected of controller 3062 with well 3050.

In some high speed engine embodiment and in single rotor or single cylinder are used, it possibly be preferred utilizing the controller 3062 of solid state shown in figure 10 that the optical monitoring of firing chamber incident is provided.Controller 3062 be similar to or the face of the position of proximity sense 3062D in combine one or more pressure transducer 3062P be used for producing with the proportional signal of chamber pressure be preferred equally.In certain embodiments, pressure transducer 3062P monitors and contrasts air inlet, compression, power and the exhaust events in the firing chamber and provides the contrast basis to be used for the fuel injection as shown in the figure and the self adaptive control of ignition timing.

According to an embodiment, being used to provide a fuel metering and an option of igniting management is to provide " elapsed time " endurance to be used for the idle running of motor through camshaft shown in Figure 9 3212.In certain embodiments, cam position can be through for example utilizing 3112 push rod and/or come away from valve member 3106 through rocking arm, transforms the special geometry of using required further self adaption and new engine design to be used for satisfying.The increase that engine speed and power produce be through by the low power current that flows through Circular Winding 3126 be used for the camshaft 3212 of rotation initially through after the increase of fuel time of delivery section " often opening " time of increasing plunger 3116, push rod 3112 and ball 3106 provide.This provides the machinery of combination and engine speed and the power that Mechatronic Systems produces FR expectation.

According to the disclosure; Igniting can trigger through the multiple startup incident that comprises Hall effect, piezoelectric crystal distortion, photo-optics, magnetic resistance; Perhaps trigger through other the proximity detector that detects camshaft 3212 or other synchronous event (for example calculating the gear teeth), perhaps through utilize optics, magnetic, electric capacity, inductance, permanent magnet generator or when plunger 3116 is more mobile sleeve pipe 3124 and Circular Winding 3126 in other the electric signal of generation change and trigger.After this plunger movable signal produces; Preferably utilize electronic computer 3072 or for example 3220 or 3062 independent computer in the engine provide self adaption fuel to spray and spark ignition; Thereby the result of optimization one or more expectations of selection from the generation of increase power, increase fuel economy, minimizing nitrous oxide form; And help starting, thereby the sense of rotation of motor is oppositely eliminated in the transmission device reversing the needs of gear through minimum startup energy.

The disclosure has overcome the problem of the valve and the firing chamber that occur in the control fuel metering waste of fuel when separated by a distance.This problem allows fuel the control valve closure after, to continue mobile and transfer the fuel when causing fuel can not burn in the most useful optimal time interval place in power stroke.If such fuel continues in the exhaust stroke process drippage lavishly, then be special waste and cause motor and vent systems degeneration.The problem of drippage and the back mobile difficulty can optimum utilization fuel time not the in order to overcome this vaporized fuel of carrying enough volumes, preferably utilize

sparger

3028 or 3029 or 3029 as final point of delivery with fuel be transported to fast and accurately system for Figure 14 provide power internal-combustion engine the firing chamber and/or receive in the on-the-spot motor or transport applications of the fuel of carrying by the disclosure.

Treat that burnt fuel is transported to sparger shown in Figure 10 via inlet 3042 through suitable pressure fittings.When expectation is delivered to fuel the firing chamber of diesel oil or spark ignition engine of conversion, use

volute operator assembly

3043,3044,3046,3048 and 3054.Ferromagnetic driver 3048 makes the Circular Winding of insulated conductor 3046 and electromagnetic force that the electric current in the driver 3048 is produced and move in response to the voltage on the lead in being applied to insulator well 3,050 3052 when solenoid core pole element 3045 as shown in the figure moves.

The dielectric optical cable 3060 that driver 3048 is fixed (stationery) through moment towards electromagnetic pole spare as shown in the figure relative to freely moving.After obtaining sizable momentum, the ball 3035 in the spring that driver 3048 bumps well illustrate.Ball 3035 is attached to the dielectric optical cable 3060 in the spring as shown in the figure 3036.Compare and to make common top valve seat promote suddenly by big a lot of this power that applies suddenly by the momentum transfer that direct acting solenoid valve produces through the closed path of valve member 3074 from seat 3090 shown in figure 10 of less relatively inertia.

Figure 10 is the longitudinal profile of the embodiment's that operates according to embodiment of the present disclosure element.Figure 11 is the end elevation according to 3094 in the element of Figure 10 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Figure 12 is the sparger embodiment's of the present disclosure that operates according to a principle of the present disclosure diagram.Figure 13 is the amplification end view of flat pipeline shown in Figure 10.Another embodiment according to many fuel injectors 3029 '; Selected fuel is delivered to flat bourdon tube 3094 with the number of times of expectation for fuel sprays; This flat bourdon tube 3094 normally flat and in the effect that gets into fuel wherein expansion down, thereby provide circular pipe to be used for flowing into low-down impedance like Figure 10 and firing chamber shown in Figure 11.Accomplish after this fuel forward flows into the firing chamber, flat spring pipeline 3094 subsides to basic " no clearance volume " operating position, thereby is used as effectively with respect to the safety check from the superheated steam of firing chamber.Optical fiber tube bank 3060 extends through the flow control valve 3074 ' of magnetic base 3090 belows, with through making flat tube 3094 pass the centre convergence of groove as shown in the figure 3088 or flat tube 3094 being extended through observing the firing chamber incident with the center hole with the hole family of expected angle setting that acts on the well that distributes fuel to supply with burning with the layering that produces expectation as 3096.(this alternative view does not specifically illustrate.)

Figure 10 shows the flattened cross-sectional of flat bourdon tube 3094, and flat bourdon tube 3094 is flat between fuel injection event, to present the safety check with respect to the firing chamber gas flow between the fuel injection event effectively.Figure 13 shows the amplification end view of circular pipe cross section of flat and fuel volumetric growth that alternatively is used for usually closed safety check and is used for fuel is delivered to the free-flow passage of firing chamber.The suitable elastomer of selecting with the material that acts on flat bourdon tube 3094 well comprises PTFE, ETFE, PFA, PEEK and the FEP that is used for the operating temperature of the wide of (420 ° of F are to+420 ° of F) from-251 ℃ to 215 ℃.Expect so flat/circular pipe along with fuel transmission and the limit of elastic expansion more or less to path 3092, and shrink and meet the obtainable space that is used for the flat material between the fuel delivery interval.Therefore, flat pattern shown in Figure 13 can adopt structure that is crescent, distortion, crooked and/or ripple to be consistent with the size and the geometrical shape of path 3092.Synergistic benefits comprise pipe 3094 through fuel from heat exchanger shown in figure 14 through cooling off, thereby guarantee long working life of bourdon tube 3094.

In operation, follow fuel and carry outburst and subside along with flat bourdon tube 3094, combustion gas inwardly through

groove

3088 and 3089, are stayed the hole 3092 of nozzle 3072 and the space between the flat tube shown in the end elevation of Figure 13 with filling.Adiabatic engine use with very high performance motor in, this makes transfer of heat to flat tube and therefore be transferred to circularly the fuel through flat tube.For such purpose, it is particularly advantageous that the conveying of cold fuel of high density or perishing fuel is heated.This special layout also provides the cooling of the upper area of injector assembly, and transfer of heat is to fuel subsequently, and injection and the igniting in the firing chamber increases vapour tension and/or excitation phase change before just to be used for.Therefore, bourdon tube 3094 can be further with the cycle heat exchange device that the extensive fuel that changes is selected and condition as shown in the figure carried out useful operation of opposing.

Need provide the low-vapor pressure liquid of for example methyl alcohol, ethanol under the situation of cold start-up and operation; Diesel fuel or petrol injector 3028 or 3029 provide the open and close circulation of the very fast repetition of flow control valve 3074, thereby provide the New-type fuel with especially high S/V characteristic to carry.Through the opening action that on the cable of very low inertia or bar 3060 and ball 3074, applies armature 3048 realize with the operation cycle operations flows control valve of for example opening in 0.0002 second and 0.0001 second closed, fuel is from for example spraying like Poona's appearance of a series of sparse and intensive pattern of groove picture shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, Fig. 3 C and Fig. 3 D of Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5 3088 and 3089.The superior rate of burning that this provides guaranteed spark ignition to follow thin, high surface and volume fuel film, thus idle running about 0.012 second in zero load about 0.001 second in the overall injection phase to the engine accelerating course caused.Make it possible to compare the injection that obviously postpones and the guaranteed igniting that possibly realize through traditional approach from the flat membrane ripple of such pattern of groove 3088 injected fuel, thus as independent fuel injector and spark plug combination are required layering air supply-fuel mixture through producing homogeneous air supply-fuel mixture or trade off from combustor surface resilience or ricochet.

The self adaption of the spark ignition that each ripple through institute's injected fuel carries out provides the much bigger control of peak combustion temperatures correct time.In operation; This makes that the burning of initial fuel rich can the fire fuel film, transfers to from the place ahead through expansion flame subsequently to hold layering and supply with the excess air of burning, to produce the abundant burning of remote air; Thereby guarantee perfect combustion and can not surpass 2; The peak combustion temperatures of 204 ℃ (4,000 ° of F) has therefore been avoided the generation of nitrogen oxide.

The combination of the disclosed embodiments provides method and the guaranteed process that is used for transformation of energy; Comprising one or more fuel materials being stored in step in the container, hot derivative, thermochemistry derivative or the electrochemistry derivative of such fuel and/or such fuel being transferred to for example 3048 valve operator and the device that at the interface basically separate of flow control valve 3074 in the firing chamber of motor; With the derivative of the such fuel of the control of the cable through electric insulation or such fuel, thus the basic fuel drip that gets into the firing chamber of motor with non-anticipated number of eliminating.This combination makes it possible to utilize efficiently almost any gaseous state, vapor state, liquid state or snow-broth fuel, no matter and fuel energy density, viscosity or octane value or cetane number.On the valve that is positioned at the firing chamber 3074 or through enough voltage potential that the valve 3074 that is positioned at the firing chamber produces, plasma or spark ignition with the fuel of the accurate number of times entering of self adaption are provided, thereby have optimized power operation.

According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, the many fuel injections and the ignition system that are used for transformation of energy can be applied to move and fixing power operation.It is the valuable especially example of this application that hybrid vehicle and distributed energy are used.Under the situation of expectation from the maximum power of motor 3430; Preferably use hydrogen (if can obtain) or (this fuel is produced by embodiment 236 as the fuel of characteristic with hydrogen from fuel tank 3404; Then by embodiment's 3426 coolings and/or through mixing generation mutually) with colder raw material from fuel tank 3404; And preferably provide layering to supply with in the compression stroke process in motor 30 and spray to cool off the supply of not throttling; Thereby reduce owing to follow doing over again that compression work by self adaption spark ignition correct time causes, so rapid combustion hydrogen or with hydrogen be characteristic fuel so that brake mean-effective pressure (BMEP) maximize.

Under expectation nitrogen oxide minimized situation, preferably use hydrogen or with hydrogen as the fuel of characteristic and regulate injection timing and ignition timing adaptively, can not surpass the peak value chamber temperature of 2,204 ℃ (4,000 ° of F) to produce the highest BMEP.Produce in expectation under the situation of the most quietly operation; Preferably near near for example one or more sonic transducers place of the 3417 monitoring gimp the gas exhaust manifold and the outlet pipe, and preferably fuel metering injection timing and ignition timing adaptively with the minimal noise of the acoustics wavelength that is used for the mankind and can hears.Produce in expectation under the situation in maximum engine life-span, preferably fuel metering injection timing and ignition timing adaptively is to produce maximum BMEP through the minimum heat that is transferred to combustor surface.

The suitable fuel valve operator that partial view and the picture that Figure 12 shows characteristic engine body and head member is arranged in top insulation division 3340 with reference to having of operating of embodiment's 3028,3029 or 3029 ' disclosed content and be positioned to very near the electric sparger that separates 3328 of the fuel flow control valve of firing chamber; Wherein layering fueling jet mode 3326 is asymmetric as shown in the figurely, with the combustion-chamber geometry shown in adapting to.This asymmetric fuel infiltration pattern optimum selection ground produces through making suitably bigger fuel carrying path (the for example slit of broad in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and groove 3088 shown in Figure 10 and 3089 the part); So that the air utilization that the bigger infiltration of fuel of entering firing chamber provides optimization on the suitable fuel infiltration line of mode 3 as shown in the figure 326 is as products of combustion and the excess air insulator that holds burning; Thereby the heat loss of the piston element (comprising suction valve 3322 or outlet valve 3322, perhaps comprising the engine body of the freezing mixture in the path as shown in the figure) that arrives head is minimized.

Generation maximization that expectation makes nitrogen oxide with the situation that is used for medical treatment, industry, chemosynthesis and agricultural use under, thereby preferably make layering supply with the FT maximization and preferably operate the nitrogen oxide that produces fast and quench and in the firing chamber, form with high velocity of piston.This makes it possible to the chemical species of combination results expectation, produces power simultaneously efficiently to be used for power generation, propelling and/or other axle motive use.In conjunction with being effective especially providing aspect these novel generations and the interests with reference to the disclosed operated system of Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 12.

Figure 14 is an indicative icon, comprising the sectional view according to some parts of the system 3402 of embodiment of the present disclosure structure.More specifically, Figure 14 shows system 3402, and the fuel that having unusual different temperature, energy density, vapour tension, velocity of combustion and air utilization needs is selected to store safely and in the firing chamber, spray interchangeably and light a fire through system 3402.System 3402 can comprise fuel storage tank 3404; Fuel storage tank 3404 has outside antiseepage and the chemically flexible fuel protective cover of fully packing through fibre strengthening 3406; With bear storage as the steam of dense gas of much cold steam, liquid or solid and/or liquid required 7; 000 or bigger atmospheric test pressure and 3,000 or bigger atmospheric cycling pressure.

Shown in further, regulator 3412 can be delivered to fuel cell 3437 with fuel through control valve 3439 like Figure 14.According to an embodiment, fuel cell 3437 can be reversible, produces hydrogen and can be to comprise any suitable type of low temperature and high temperature kind and be characteristic with the electrolyte type with the raw material through for example water.According to this embodiment; The fuel that is stored in the fuel tank 3404 can change into such fuel type: compare can by provide through traditional transformation operation so preferred fuel type system provided, this fuel type more is applicable to the application of the greater efficiency in the fuel cell 3437.Therefore, this parts of the present disclosure and operation be combined in the higher operating efficiency of realization and function aspects provides hybrid technology and facility extremely efficiently.

According to an embodiment, fuel tank 3404 can be filled through the fuel of the various valves of flowing through (for example, shown in figure 14 fill port 3410, first four way valve 3411 and second four way valve 3414) fast.Reflective dielectric layer 3416 provides thermal insulation and supporting to pressure assembly 3406 and 3408 with sealing layer 3418, reflective dielectric layer 3416 and sealing layer 3418 be designed to provide to the supporting of stocking system 3406 and 3408 and protect make simultaneously the storage in as shown in the figure 3406 transfer of heat perhaps the transfer of heat of the storage from as shown in the figure 3406 minimize.According to this embodiment's All aspects of, dielectric layer 3416 can be coated with reflective metals with sealing layer 3418.For example, the transparent thin-membrane of these glass or polymer can be coated on have reflecting material one side of (for example aluminium or silver) by unusual unfertile land, with reflection that radiation energy is provided and reduce heat conductivity.In alternative, owing to the difference of the refractive index between the material of selecting for alternating layer, dielectric material itself can cremasteric reflex.

According to others, can explain to be used for utilizing in a large number assembly 3406 and 3408 stored the coldest required durations of fuel.For example, the quantity of the effective length of thermally conductive pathways and the reflective isolating layer of selecting 3416 can provide the heat blocking-up of the humidity, condensation and the ice formation that are enough to minimize or prevent sealing surfaces 3418 places.Therefore, along with low-temperature solid, liquid and steam become when having the pressure fluid that is in the very large energy density capacity of having of ambient temperature, the generation that fuel tank 3404 can provide acceptable pressure to store.The quasi-fluid mutually that for example cools off ethane and propane can be filled in the assembly 3404, and need not to worry to produce at the pressure that fuel tank occurs when heating to environmental conditions.

According to others, fuel tank 3404 can also provide the safe storage of solid, for example as the supercool hydrogen solid of the snow-broth in the temperature liquid hydrogen with as the methane solid of the snow-broth in low temperature liquid hydrogen or the methane.The thawing of this solid and the formation of liquid and subsequently this liquid being heated to form steam is just belonging in the safety protection ability of assembly 3406 and 3408, prevents through insulation system 3416 and sealing layer 3418 that ice on surperficial 3418 from preventing simultaneously and to the damage of surface elements.

According to others, the suitable fluid fuel that is used for shifting and be stored in fuel tank 3404 comprises low temperature hydrogen and/or methane.In operation, filling and store fuel tank 3404 through ethane, propane, butane, methyl alcohol or ethanol possibly be easily.In addition, fuel tank 3404 is after suitably solidifying with at least two casees ethanol or methyl alcohol through the temperature fuel make up before, and the diesel fuel of gasoline or cleaning also can be stored in the fuel tank 3404.Therefore, provide the facility of the fuel of expecting most to store, avoided pollution, scope and fuel cost target to satisfy.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, conceived in the urban area and utilized hydrogen that the air cleaner ability is provided, simultaneous adaptation the interchangeable use of renewable product gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane or propane.This makes through peasant and entrepreneur and distributes pluralities of fuel and the needs of the meet the expectation automobile passenger that stores longer range capability and/or lower cost fuel and co-generation of power machine provide chance and promote competition.

Shown in figure 14, through opened/closed valve 3414, carry and can pass through filter 3422 from the bottom of fuel tank through filter 3420 or from the top of fuel tank according to expectation flow path as shown in the figure from the fuel of fuel tank 3404 beginnings.Receive at fuel tank guard assembly 3406 and 3408 under the situation of serious abuse, kept overlapping 3406 with whole reinforced device 3408 in the protection selected of fuel.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure; The super thimble assembly of dielectric layer 3416 and sealing layer 3418 makes the transfer of heat of radiation, conduction, convection current minimize; Increased fire resistance rating through reflected radiation; Heat with respect to form of ownership obtains insulation, and heat dissipation is to be used to compare the much longer time of traditional fuel tank.

According to other embodiment, under the situation of fire, assembly 3406 and 3408 temperature or pressure store can finally be created as needs the point that discharges in long term exposure.Be created as the some place of the suitable percentage that maximum allowing store at temperature and/or pressure; Embedded pressure transducer 3431 and temperature transducer 3433, come at first preferentially extra transport of fuel motor 3430 as shown in the figure extremely to send signals to four way valve 3414 to black box controller 3432 report informations through wireless, optical fiber or wired connection.If motor 3430 is operation at this moment, then the state of motor 3430 by controller 3432 inquiry to confirm its whether safety and expectation is carried or not bringing onto load operation.In operation, motor 3430 can start and/or be transformed into the specific fuel consumption of abundance to be operated, thereby prevents excessive pressure or excessive temperature conditions in the fuel tank assembly 3404.

Shown in figure 14; System 3402 comprises injection apparatus 3428 so that motor 3430 starts very fast automatically; And opposite with preferred common efficient operation pattern, can provide low fuel efficient to produce homogeneous through injection and ignition timing and supply with burning and significantly do over again.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, operation is supplied with in the layering of comparing through more efficient, can spray through the fuel that self adaption is regulated with ignition timing quick many ground consume fuel with the optimization thermal efficiency.According to the disclosure; Injection apparatus 3428 also helps the power operation in unusual application (" entering of throttling the air ") process of motor 3430 air restrictions; To produce the air inlet vacuum; And thereby this can make fuel delivery system significantly reduce pressure to allow boiling, perhaps under the situation that the very large heat that provides suction to impact with the fire that prolongs on removing owing to fuel tank 3404 at needs on the fuel tank 3404 to cause obtains, forces evaporated fuel to cool off.Come in the atmosphere through being poured onto that release pressure is highly preferred in the process that is exposed to fire from the pattern of this useful application of the fuel of fuel tank 3404 rather than with fuel; Because engine power can be transported to the application of drawing water; Thereby cool off fuel tank and put out fire, perhaps provide propelling force to avoid fire.This can be applied to fixedly power plant and emergency response vehicles, particularly forest and building ' s fire equipment through the pattern that the safety control resource overcomes harm.

If such failure safe setting is not enough to prevent excessive pressurization or the excessive temperature conditions in the fuel tank 3404, then discharges to be provided with extra fuel is poured onto in the air through safety heap 3434 as shown in the figure by the pressure in the valve 3414.Safety heap 3434 preferably leads to and is designed for the safety zone 3465 (the for example outlet pipe of chimney or vehicle) that hot gas repels and preferably prevents the infringement to anyone or property.

Like what further illustrate with reference to Figure 14; For the purpose of removing the heat that produces by rotating equipment and in order to reduce windage and frictional loss, preferably utilize as supply with treated fuel as the blanketing gas that is used for rotating equipment (for example generator and motor 3430) by the hydrogen that regulator or similar regulator provide from accumulator 3419.The purity that has been found that this hydrogen is not conclusive and a large amount of methane, carbon monoxide etc. can occurs and can not damage rotating equipment, and in efficient and transformation of energy ability to the essence improvement is provided through such use.Therefore; Almost anyly comprise hydrogen or can both change through embodiment of the present disclosure with the compound that comprises hydrogen (for example water) primary fuel that produces hydrogen that reacts, be used for hydrogen-cooled but with the reducing and the higher-security of the efficient of the improvement of internal-combustion engine of the windage loss of generator.The embodiment of Figure 14 and 3028,3029,3100,3200 and 3209 ' makes it possible to utilize low energy densities hydrogen as outstanding heat transfer agent and as the preferred fuel that is used for fuel cell 3437 and motor 3430.

The application of a particular importance is to utilize such hydrogen to be used for reducing the operating temperature of the winding of rotary generator, thereby makes it possible to operate more efficiently and have bigger transformation of energy ability.By through such rotating equipment by after being heated, Hydrogen Energy enough then is transferred into piston-engined crankcase and then is transferred into the sparger and/or the valve assembly 3200 of this motor, to be used as the fuel in the motor.The ability that this has improved the efficient of common generation application and has improved the system that generates.Filling piston-engined crankcase 3455 by hydrogen atmosphere supports the careless air of lighting a fire and the combustible mixture of hydrogen to improve operating security through guaranteeing can not exist in the crank box.This lower viscosity atmosphere has reduced windage and frictional loss from the relative moving part of motor synergistically.The life-span of also having improved lubricant oil greatly through having eliminated disadvantageous oxidation reaction between the drop that produces in oxygen and oil film and the crank box.Through the dry hydrogen atmosphere in the crank box is remained on the vapourizing temperature greater than water, realized owing to the existence of brine electrolysis is removed water and avoided bearing and the further benefit of the corrosion of annular seal etc.

It is very favorable (especially in mixing application) that the combining source of preserving moisture of this hydrogen is removed for the PEM (PEM) in 3437 the fuel cell for example in the water of crank box.This makes it possible to extremely flexible and operates the system based on the embodiment of Figure 14 efficiently; The scope of its requirement outputs to through combining the megawatts capacity by the generator set of this fuel battery operation indication from several kilowatts through fuel cell 3437, thereby meets because the requirement of the variation that needs that change every day, seasonal weather causes or production need cause.

In normal running; Under the condition that the cold engine of selecting through the cold fuel in the fuel tank 3404 starts; Fuel fume is taken to injection apparatus 3428 from the top that stores fuel tank 3404 through filter 3422, multi-way valve 3414 and through isolated pipe 3425, thereby forms layering and supply with the unexpected heating of excess air of institute's combuster of burning and being in the motor 3430 of power stroke to be used for spraying and light a fire.Compare if desired by supplying with the more power of keeping that fuel ratio provided through the steam in the top of fuel tank 3404, then liquid fuel is taken and is delivered to away injection apparatus 3428 from the bottom of fuel tank 3404 through filter 3420.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, after motor preheating, waste heat energy is enough in liquid fuel in the heat exchanging device 3436 and pressurizes and gasify.According to some aspects again, heat exchanger 3436 can combine one or more appropriate catalyst to be used for producing new fuel type through liquid, steam or vaporized fuel composition.

According to the disclosure and according to the chemical property that is stored in the fuel in the fuel tank 3404, it is that the fuel of characteristic is to be used to improve the operation of motor 3430 with hydrogen that heat exchanger 3436 can produce multiple.For example, wet methyl alcohol can gasify and dissociates through increasing heat, thereby produces hydrogen shown in Equation 1 and carbon monoxide:

2CH3OH+H2O+ heat → 5H2+CO+CO2 equality 1

Shown in equality 2, can provide the heat absorption of the few wet ethanol of cost to reform through heat and/or through increasing the oxygen donor of water for example:

C2H5OH+H2O+ heat → 4H2+2CO equality 2

Therefore, the disclosure make it possible to through allow big water gaging along with alcohol by the destructive distillation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, syntheticly produces and/or produces still through fermentation and distillation that maintenance mixes the living beings alcohol that is used to from the much lower production method of cost mutually with alcohol.In operation, owing to compare the dry wine essence, producing wet alcohol needs still less energy and capital equipment, so this makes it possible to realize more favourable energy economy.Bound by theory not, process disclosed herein and system further help being used to used heat from motor and produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel derivative with absorbing heat and compare the smart raw material of dry wine and discharge and reach the burning energy more than 25%.Other benefit derives from sooner and the more combustion characteristic of cleaning that is provided by hydrogen.Therefore, with hydrogen the derived fuel of characteristic through utilizing injection apparatus 3428 to measure and lighting a fire as the airborne layering supply of throttling is not this, realized that the homogeneous of contrast dry wine essence is supplied with the overall fuel efficiency improvement of burning greater than 40%.

According to further embodiment; Equality 1 can be supplied with through auxiliary water storage box 3409 with the water that is used for heat absorption reaction shown in the equality 2; And/or supply with through collecting from the water of exhaust flow and increasing to auxiliary tank 3409; Perhaps supply with, and if necessary, supply with and/or the water that condenses through the atmosphere of collecting from the lip-deep air flow passage 3423 of heat exchanger 3426 through solubility stabilizer with the fuel that is stored in the fuel tank 3404 through the premix Heshui.Shown in figure 14, pump 3415 makes water to be delivered to heat transfer reactor 3436 with the proportional ratio of fuel ratio through valve 3411 and safety check 3407 through safety check 3407, so that satisfy the stoichiometry reforming reaction.

For example the fuel alcohol of ethanol, methyl alcohol, isopropanol etc. can be with stoichiometric proportion water-soluble and as producing obviously more hydrogen aspect the heat absorption reformation through equality 1 and equality 2 with totally illustrating and sum up.This makes the much lower fuel of cost can be advantageously used in for example farm and other small enterprise.Cost savings have included but not limited to reduce the refinement energy that is used to remove water and from the transportation of remote oil refinery.

Any hydrocarbon of burning, hydrogen or be that the fuel of characteristic all produces water with hydrogen in the waste gas of motor in motor 3430.According to All aspects of of the present disclosure, can regain the major part of such waste gas flowing water, regain at liquid stripper place after for example the waste gas that is lower than dew point being cooled off.According to an embodiment, it is the required most of heat (if not the words of net quantity of heat) of heat absorption reaction of characteristic with equality 2 that contra-flow heat exchanger/reactor 3436 is provided for equality 1, and does like this and cooled off waste gas significantly.According to the adverse current flow velocity and the zone that are provided, waste gas can be cooled near the fuel storage temperature.This is easy to provide the condensation of water and in a plurality of other new embodiments, use this application the disclosure will be used for storage of fuels and/or utilize the process of waste heat to combine, thereby for bottom circulates and/or with the combination of hybrid engine, electrolyser, reversible fuel cell power is provided, and/or like United States Patent(USP) No. 6; 756,140, No.6,155; 212, No.6,015,065, No.6; 446,597, No.6,503; 584, No.5,343,699 and No.5; 394,852 and require any non-temporary patent application (these patents quote in full mode be attached among this paper) of the preference of co-pending temporary patent application 60/551,219 to collect water disclosedly.

Can not obtain adequate heat or the situation of the preferred temperature of the heat absorption reforming reaction that is used for reactor 3436 of also being unrealized under, pump 3403 can provide oxygen to reactor shown in figure 14 3436.Use helps the combination of exothermic reaction and the heat absorption reforming reaction of being supported by extra heat release between the fuel type that oxygen and being used to of being had produce carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and hydrogen according to the pump of present embodiment.During the tradition of the product of the reaction in reactor 3436 is used; This will provide the by-product that causes opposition (for example nitrogen); But, injection apparatus 3428 can be at the top dead center place or near top dead center or in the process of the power stroke number of times of the volumetric efficiency of not compromise motor 3430 or the thermal efficiency and condition with huge gaseous state volume injection and be transported in the firing chamber fast.

Therefore; Hydrogen-containing fuel is stored under the condition of from the group that comprises low temperature snow-broth, cryogenic liquide, the cold steam of pressurization, absorbing material, ambient temperature supercritical fluid and ambient temperature fluid, selecting through fuel tank 3404; And change into from the intensification material of the group selection of the mixture that comprises heat steam, new chemical species and new chemical species and heat steam through heat increase, and be injected in the burning of motor and light a fire from the waste gas of motor.Can remove sufficient amount of heat from the waste gas of motor 3430; So that water condensation significantly; For the purpose in the heat absorption reaction of the higher temperature region that gets into reactor 3436, preferably collect this sufficient amount of heat, thereby produce hydrogen as shown in the figurely through hydrogen-containing fuel.Equality 3 shows heat and the water through the for example hydrocarbon fuel generation of methane of burning:

CH4+3O2 → CO2+2H2O equality 3

Equality 4 show be used for through water will be for example the hydrocarbon reforming of methane, ethane, propane, butane, octane, gasoline, diesel fuel and other heavier fuel molecule with the general procedure of the mixture that forms hydrogen and carbon monoxide:

The H2+XCO equality 4 of CxHy+XH2O+ heat → (0.5Y+X)

The amount that equality 3,5 and 6 shows the water that is produced by the burning of the hydrocarbon of for example methane is to be twice or three times of the required water of the fuel of characteristic with methane reforming with hydrogen for expectation more:

CH4+H2O+ heat → 3H2+CO equality 5

The fuel type that the hydrocarbon that equality 6 shows the methane for example reformed and burning equality 5 generate is to produce more expanding gas and to produce the benefit of more water with the reforming reaction that is used for reactor 3436 in the power stroke of firing chamber.

3H2+CO+2O2 → 3H2O+CO2 equality 6

Therefore, make through the water reforming methane and the producer gas that burns (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) provides more burning energy and be reform about three times of required product water of the heat absorption that is used for the methane of reactor 3436.Therefore the water of condensation in heat exchanger 3426 can should be used for collecting sufficient water through vehicle of the present disclosure or fixing (stationery).Because most of weight of employed water is to be that the fuel of characteristic obtains from the oxygen of air and the hydrogen in the motor 3430 or with hydrogen through burning in the reactor 3436, so the collection of water has reduced total quality.Therefore, every gram hydrogen combines the oxygen in the eight gram atmosphere that the collected water of nine grams from the waste gas of motor 3430 is provided.

According to further embodiment; Can supply with sufficient purified water and be used for can be through the high temperature that obtains from the exchange heat of motor 3430 or from the cold fuel of fuel tank 3404 or low temperature one or more electrolytic processes of operation down, with support the regenerative operation in the hybrid vehicle and/or load balancing is operated and heat exchanger 3436 in reaction (comprising the catalysis supporting reactions).This embodiment has produced the total energy utilization ratio of improving; This is provided by synergistic combination as herein described; And, therefore be worth further noting because the abundance of this pure water is supplied with reverse osmosis, distillation system or other the expensive and catabiotic equipment that does not need heaviness and needs to safeguard.

What pass through to be produced is that the fuel of characteristic provides multiple other advantage with hydrogen, comprising:

Fast with similar hydrocarbon 7 to 10 times of the combustion ratio methane of hydrogen, and this makes that ignition timing can be than much late as to have avoided simultaneously following doing over again in a large number and heat loss of igniting in the Zao compression stage through the raw hydrocarbon kind.

Duo 25% by the hydrogen of the reforming reaction generation of absorbing heat and the heat that carbon monoxide discharges than raw hydrocarbon in combustion process.This is because the thermomechanics input of the endothermic heat in the process that hydrogen and carbon monoxide are formed by raw hydrocarbon.This is to use from the used heat of the water jacket of motor or air cooling system and from the useful especially mode of the higher heat of the quality of vent systems as shown in the figure.

The burning of hydrogen has been cleaned and has been guaranteed burning diffusion extremely fast and guaranteed the interior perfect combustion of excess air through any hydrocarbon of reforming reaction very much, to become with hydrogen other composition of the fuel mixture that is characteristic.

The rapid combustion under the situation with water vapour of being carried by injection apparatus 3428 of hydrogen and/or other fuel type is carried out rapid heating to such steam and is supplied with insulation expansion and merit generation with the layering that is used for the firing chamber, compares the much bigger operating efficiency of homogeneous supplying method that water vapour expands thereby provide.

The rapid heating of water vapour and the water vapour that produced by burning peak temperature and the concerted reaction through this water reactive steam and nitrogen oxide through reducing products of combustion significantly reduced nitrogen oxide, thereby significantly reduced the clean generation and the appearance of nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas.

Like passing through of being set up uniquely by injection apparatus 3428 is that quick igniting and the heating that the rapid combustion of the oxidized of characteristic is carried out provides more time to be used for useful concerted reaction in the firing chamber with hydrogen, the propellant composition that this concerted reaction complete oxidation is all and reduced nitrogen oxides in exhaust streams.

Figure 15 A to Figure 15 D sequentially shows through valve and activates the layering supply burning result that operator (for example overall disclosed about piezoelectricity in the top of injection apparatus 3428 or electromagnetism armature) is realized; Valve activate operator with flow control valve 3584 electrical separation but with flow control valve 3584 mechanical coupling, valve actuating operator be positioned at firing chamber as shown in the figure at the interface.Under this situation, thus flow control component 3584 as the mobile flow control valve that can allow institute's injected fuel to get into towards the firing chamber displacement, thereby and the position that is moved upward to common closure with respect to combustion-gas pressure as safety check.Along with the voltage potential of the insulation flow-control valve assembly through putting on screw thread ground and engine cylinder cover or engine body and parts 3584 as shown in the figure produces plasma discharge, the igniting of institute's injected fuel takes place.

The dielectric characterization of integrated sparger/igniter

Figure 16 is the cross section side-looking partial view according to the sparger 410 of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 410 shown in Figure 16 shows the certain characteristics of the dielectric material that can use according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.Shown sparger 410 comprises and the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of the individual features of the sparger of describing above with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 D certain characteristics of broadly similar at least.For example, sparger 410 comprises body 412, and body 412 has the spray nozzle part 418 that extends from intermediate portion 416.Spray nozzle part 418 gets in the opening or entry port 409 in the engine cylinder cover 407.For example many motors of DENG all have the entry port 409 of diameter very little (for example, diameter is about 7.09mm or 0.279mm inch).So little space has constituted difficulty in the spark ignition that is provided for the fuel type (for example, energy density is than little about 3, the 000 times fuel of diesel fuel) that the disclosure conceives or the abundant insulation aspect of plasma igniting.But; As described in detail below; Sparger of the present disclosure has such body 412: body 412 has dielectric or the insulating material that sufficient electric insulation can be provided for ignition wire, with the HV (for example, 60 of generation needs; 000 volt) be used for producing, isolating and/or conveying ignition event (for example, igniting or plasma) in very little space.Oxidation or other degeneration that the high temperature and high pressure gas that these dielectrics or insulating material are configured for respect to be exposed to owing to circulation to be produced by burning equally causes provide stability and protection.In addition, like the hereinafter illustrated in detail, optics or electrical path that these dielectric materials can be configured to the chamber of spontaneous combustion in the future are bonded to sensor, for example transducer, instrument, filter, amplifier, controller and/or computer.In addition, metal base 414 brazings that insulating material can be through body 412 or diffusion bonding are in sealing station.

The screw winding dielectric characterization

An embodiment according to the body 412 of sparger shown in Figure 16 410 comprises that the intermediate portion 416 of sparger 410 and/or the dielectric material of spray nozzle part 418 are shown among Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B.More specifically, Figure 17 A is the side view of insulator or dielectric plastid 512, and Figure 17 B is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 17B-17B intercepting of Figure 17 A.Although the body 512 shown in Figure 17 A has overall cylindrical shape, in other embodiments, body 512 can comprise other shape, comprising for example from body 512 towards the interface, firing chamber 531 spray nozzle parts that extend.With reference to Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B, in the embodiment shown, dielectric plastid 512 is made up of spiral or coiling bottom 528 simultaneously.In certain embodiments, bottom 528 can be artificial or natural mica (for example, free of pinholes mica paper).But in other embodiments, bottom 528 can be by being suitable for providing other material of the sufficient dielectric strength that is associated with relatively thin material to form.In the embodiment shown, the one or both sides of bottom 528 cover through relatively thin dielectric coating layer 530.Coating layer 530 can be processed by high temperature, high-purity polymer, for example Teflon NXT, Dyneon TFM, Parylene HT, polyether sulfone and/or polyether-ether-ketone.But in other embodiments, coating layer 530 can be by being applicable to that other material that seals bottom 528 fully processes.

It is spiral-shaped that bottom 528 and coating layer 530 can closely be wound into, thereby form pipe, and therefore the bottom 528 that combines and the continuous lamella of coating layer 530 are provided.In certain embodiments, these layers can pass through suitable bonding (for example, ceramic cement) and are bonded to and reel construct.In other embodiments, these layers can flood through polymer, glass, pyrogenic silica or other suitable material, thereby make body 512 can hold into the tubular of tight coiling.In addition, the sheet of body 512 or layer can separate through the different film of continuous application.For example, the separating film between the layer of body 512 can comprise Parylene N, Parylene C, Parylene, HT thin layer and/or the layer of selecting (for example thin boron nitride, polyether sulfone or polyolefin (for example polyethylene) or other suitable parting material) to separate through the material of using other.This divided thin film comprises for example monocrystalline sapphire fiber from realizing through temperature or pressure instrument fiber.This fiber can be produced through laser heating pedestal growing technology; And can be coated with perfluoroethylene-propylene (FEP) or other material subsequently with similar refractive index value, with prevent energy from fibre leakage to around the potential absorbing membrane of this fiber.

When coating layer 530 (for example is applied to relatively thin film; 0.1mm to 0.3mm) in the time; Coating layer 530 can reach the dielectric strength of about 2.0 Kilovolts/0.001 " to 4.0 Kilovolts/0.001 " of about 230 ℃ (for example, 450 ° of F) from-30 ℃ (for example ,-22 ° of F).The inventor has been found that the coating layer 530 with big thickness can not provide enough insulation that the required voltage that is used for ignition event is provided.More specifically, like what following table 1 reflected, the coating layer that thickness is bigger has the dielectric strength that significantly reduces.These dielectric strengths that reduce possibly be not enough to prevent when the firing chamber produces ignition event (for example, spark or plasma) that when being desirably in the arc through of insulative body portion 512 and electric current from leaking.For example, in many motors with high compaction pressure, for example typical DENG or supercharged engine, the required voltage of starting ignition incident (for example, spark or plasma) is about 60,000 volts or more.The traditional dielectric plastid (being processed by conventional insulator) that comprises the tubular insulator that only has 0.040 inch or bigger effective thickness only can provide 500 volts/.001 and " and can't hold such required voltage fully.

The dielectric strength contrast of the selected prescription of table 1

The embodiment of the insulative body portion 512 shown in Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B can provide about 3,000 volts/0.001 to the temperature of about 450 ℃ (for example, 840 ° of F) at-30 ℃ (for example ,-22 ° of F) " dielectric strength.In addition, coating layer 530 can also get into body 512 to prevent combustion gas and/or other pollutant as the sealing compound of bottom 528.Coating layer 530 can also provide fully different refractive index, thereby improves the efficient that light is propagated through body 512, with the optical communication device that is used for extending through body 512.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, body 512 is included in a plurality of communicators 532 through body 512 longitudinal extensions between sheet or the layer of bottom 528.In certain embodiments, communicator 532 can be a conductor, for example high-voltage spark ignition wire or cable.These ignition wires can be processed by wire, and therefore wire insulation or the aluminium that is coated with through oxidation provide aluminium oxide on line.Because through body 512 longitudinal extensions, so communicator 532 is not participated in any supply of extending radially outwardly through body 512 to communicator 532 between corresponding bottom 528.Therefore, communicator 532 does not influence the fire retardant of body 512 or through alternate manner the fire retardant of body 512 is degenerated.Except the voltage that conveying is used to light a fire, in certain embodiments, communicator 532 can also functionally be attached to one or more actuators and/or controller, sprays to be used for fuel thereby drive Flow valve.

In other embodiments, communicator 532 can be configured to combustion data is transferred to one or more transducers, amplifier, controller, filter, instrument computer etc. from the firing chamber.For example, communicator 532 can be an optical fiber or by quartz for example, aluminum fluoride, ZBLAN fluoride, glass and or polymer and/or be applicable to optical layer or fibroplastic other communicator that transmits other material of data through sparger.In other embodiments, communicator 532 can be processed by the for example suitable transmitting material of the fluoride of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminium and sodium (ZBLAN) and pottery or glass tube.

The grain orientation of dielectric characterization

Once more with reference to Figure 16; Another embodiment according to sparger shown in Figure 16 410; The dielectric material of body 412 (for example, intermediate portion 416 and/or spray nozzle part 418) can be constructed with specific grain orientation, can bear high-tension expectation fire retardant with what realize being associated with the disclosure.For example, grainiess can comprise circumferential alignment and the crystallization crystal grain that centers on tubular body 412 layerings, thereby forms compressive force at the outer surface place that is carrying out balance through inferior top layer tension force.More specifically, Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B be according to the dielectric plastid 612 of another embodiment structure of the present disclosure and basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 18-18 intercepting of Figure 16.At first with reference to Figure 18 A, body 612 can be processed by the stupalith with high dielectric strength, for example quartz, sapphire, glass matrix and/or other suitable pottery.

Shown in illustrated embodiment, body 612 comprises along the directed crystallization crystal grain 634 of identical substantially direction.For example, crystal grain 634 makes its longitudinal axis carry out orientation in alignment on the direction of body 612 cardinal principle extending circumferentiallies through each single crystal grain 634.Through the crystal grain 634 with this orientation layering, body 612 is that almost the body 612 of any thickness provides superior dielectric strength.This be because the length of layering, flat crystal grain do not provide from body 612 radially outer good conductive paths.

Figure 18 B shows the compressive force in the location of body 612.More specifically; According to the embodiment shown in Figure 18 B; Body 612 is handled; Thereby at least in part crystal grain 634 is arranged in the outer outer surface 637 of contiguous body 612 and the one or more constricted zones 635 on surface, inside and outside 638 (that is, comprise according to the compressive force of the orientation of crystal grain 634 zone).Body 612 also comprises the non-constricted zone 636 of the crystal grain 634 between the constricted zone 635.Non-constricted zone 636 provides balance tension at the middle part of body 612.In certain embodiments, each in the constricted zone 635 can both comprise that the more crystal grain 634 of every volume is to realize compressive force.In other embodiments; In the constricted zone 635 each can both comprise such crystal grain 634: thus these crystal grain 634 have been affected and have kept local amorphous structure, and the pack effectiveness that has perhaps been produced is revised less than the amorphous structure or the lattice of the crystal grain 634 of non-constricted zone 636.In a further embodiment, can inject through ion, sputtering surface layer and/or one or more materials are diffused into the non-constricted zone 636 lower charging efficiencies that the surface makes this surface have than body 612 makes outer surface 637 and internal surface 638 be in compressive state.In the embodiment shown in Figure 18 B, being in the outer surface 637 of body 612 and the constricted zone 635 at internal surface 638 places provides higher anisotropy dielectric strength.

Embodiment's shown in Figure 18 B a benefit is that constricted zone 635 is with this different result of the charging efficiency of non-constricted zone 636: make the surface that is in compressive state compress and become obviously more durable and more can resist and rupture or degeneration.For example, thus the generation of this compressive force has prevented in body 612, to form the material that conductive path reduces the dielectric strength of body 612 at least in part that (for example, electrolyte, as have the water of dissolved substances, rich material containing carbon etc.) gets into.The generation of this compressive force has prevented at least in part that also body 612 is owing to the impulsive force that is exposed to fast-changing temperature, pressure, chemical degradation agent and every kind of combustion incident suffered thermal shock and/or mechanical shock are degenerated.For example, the embodiment shown in Figure 18 B be configured for the continuous voltage protection of body 612 especially, with respect to because the fracture that high capacity power (comprising a load and low cycle fatigue power or high cycles fatigue power) causes and increased intensity.

It is that this structure of crystal grain 634 provides maximum dielectric strength to stride across the voltage that body 612 is set up to be used to hold that crystallographic orientation crystal grain 634 combines another benefit of constricted zones 635.For example, this portion section place that is configured in greater than 1mm or 0.040 inch thickness provides the outstanding dielectric strength that reaches the 2.4KV/.001 inch to improve.Contrast does not have the dielectric strength that is merely about 1.0KV/.001 inch to 1.3KV/.001 inch of the identical ceramic component of this new grain properties, and these are remarkable higher values.

Hereinafter is described the several processes that is used to produce the above-mentioned insulator with compressive surfaces characteristic in detail.For example, in one embodiment, can be according to the insulator of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure by United States Patent(USP) No. 3,689,293 disclosed materials are processed, and this patent is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full.For example, insulator can be processed by the material that comprises following composition according to weight: 25-60%SiO ₂, 15-35%R ₂O ₃(R wherein ₂O ₃Be 3-15%B ₂O ₃And 5-25%Al ₂O ₃), 4-25%MgO+0-7%Li ₂O (MgO+Li ₂The total amount of O is between about 6-25%), 2-20%R ₂O (R wherein ₂O is 0-15%Na ₂O, 0-15%K ₂O, 0-15%Rb ₂O), 0-15%Rb ₂O, 0-20%Cs ₂O, and have 4-20%F.More specifically, in one embodiment, the illustrative prescription is by 43.9%SiO ₂, 13.8%MgO, 15.7%Al ₂O ₃, 10.7%K ₂O, 8.1%B ₂O ₃Constitute with 7.9%F.But, in other embodiments, can process by percentage bigger or less these component materials and different materials according to the insulator of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition that constitutes insulator carries out ball milling and the prescription of fusion for the constituent of formation insulator being made into anti-blending in the non-reacted suitable closed crucible.Composition keeps certain hour to guarantee the abundant mixing of fusion prescription down at about 1,400 ℃ (for example, 2,550 ° of F).Molten mass and can then be cooled from the additive that the group that comprises Bond, oiling agent and burning adminicle is selected and carry out ball milling once more.Composition then is extruded and is heated to about 800 ℃ (1,470 ° of F) a period of times greater than conversion temperature with various intended shape (comprising for example tubular).Heating greater than conversion temperature has promoted the fluormica crystal nucleation.The composition that is pushed can then be further heated and pressure forming or extruding at about 850 ℃ to 1,100 ℃ (1,560 ° of F to 2,010 ° of F).This double heating makes formed crystal become shape as indicated above substantially, to be used to that dielectric strength is maximized on the preferred orientations of the product that generates.

This K that comprises ₂Mg ₅Si ₈O ₂₀F ₄The crystallization of material (comprising for example micarex) of composition increase with corresponding density along with the volume charging efficiency of crystal grain increases and produce heat release and discharge.The characteristic of activity of conversion such as nucleation, heat release discharge of rate, crystallization and the temperature of crystallization are the fluorine content and/or the B of insulator ₂O ₃The function of content.Therefore, insulator is handled the chemical resistance that makes it possible to improve output, tensile strength, fatigue strength and/or dielectric strength and increase insulator through controlling these variablees.

Owing to can design and realize that this provides the important new anisotropy result of maximum dielectric strength to produce typical elongated and/or directional crystal crystal grain for combining the representative colony shown in the 104B (form and be layered as and more or less center on such desired character: for example through meeting the inside diameter that the axle that is used to realize this thermosetting or extruding produces) through oriented formation (comprise precursor tube extruding is become the tubing that diameter is less or wall is thin).

According to another embodiment, method directed at least in part according to illustrated embodiment and/or compression crystal grain 634 can be passed through B ₂O ₃And/or fluorine adds expectation to and becomes with respect to formed and carried out the balance tensile stress in the substrate of product of heat treated and compress stressed surface.B ₂O ₃, fluorine or similar actuating agent this interpolation can be to realize with the similar mode of dopant of adding and be diffused in the semi-conductive desired locations.Can also use these and activate the enrichment prescription of agent as mobile component formulation through sputter, gaseous phase deposition, spraying and/or cleaning.In addition, these activate agent and can represent with condensation reaction through reactant and produce.

Be positioned at the B of material that expectation becomes surface or the near surface of swage load ₂O ₃The increase of content and/or fluorine content makes that the nucleation of fluormica crystal is quicker.Compare the non-compression area of prescription, this nucleation makes contending with than lenslet and the material that adds through diffusion of bigger quantity.Therefore, compare more near passing through B ₂O ₃, fluorine and/or other of extra nucleation that produce the fluormica crystal activate the constricted zone that agent has received the surface of enrichment, this process provides higher charging efficiency in non-compression area.Therefore, the surface compression preload of expectation is strengthened parts with respect to ignition event and chemical agent.

Produce or improve another method of carrying out the compressive force of balance and comprise the target area that will be placed in the compression is heated through the tension force in the respective substrate.Can fully heat the target area, so that crystal is dissolved into amorphous structure again.Substrate can then quench, thereby keeps most of amorphous structure fully.According to the type of related parts, such heating can be carried out in stove.This heating also can be passed through the radiation from resistance heating source or induction heating source, and through electron beam or laser.Another modification of this process is through heat treated and/or adds crystallization nucleation and growth promoter (for example, B ₂O ₃And/or fluorine) provide bigger quantity than lenslet or crystal grain, thereby so that the local dissolution zone provides crystallization again to produce the compressive stress of expectation fast.

Figure 19 A schematically shows the system 700a that is used for implementation process according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and this process comprises through the compressive stress fusion in the desired regions and pushes to be used to form insulator.More specifically, in the embodiment shown, system 700a comprises the crucible 740a that can be processed by refractory metal, pottery or pyrolyzing graphite material.Crucible 740a can comprise suitable conversion coating, and perhaps antiseepage and non-reacted lining for example approach platinum and select or platinum group heat insulating coat.Crucible 740a has loaded to have the roughly supply of aforesaid prescription (charge) 741a and (for example, contains about 25-60%SiO ₂, 15-35%R ₂O ₃(R wherein ₂O ₃Be 3-15%B ₂O ₃And 5-25%Al ₂O ₃), 4-25%MgO+0-7%Li ₂O (MgO+Li wherein ₂The total amount of O is between about 6-25%), 2-20%R ₂O (R wherein ₂O is 0-15%Na ₂O, 0-15%K ₂O, 0-15%Rb ₂O), 0-15%Rb ₂O and 0-20%Cs ₂The supply of O and 4-20%F), perhaps is used to produce the suitable prescription of micarex, for example has K ₂Mg ₅Si ₈O ₂₀F ₄The material of roughly forming.

Crucible can heat and fusion is in the supply 741a of shielding gas atmosphere.For example, crucible 740a can add heat supply 741a through any suitable heating process, comprising resistance for example, electron beam, laser, induction heating and/or through coming the radiation in the source that free this Conversion of energy technology heats.To produce after basic homogeneous supplies with 741a, lid or the supply 741a of cap 742a in crucible 740a exert pressure in suitable mixing and fusion.Source of the gas 743a can also put on inert gas and/or process gas among the crucible 740a that is sealed by cap 742a.Pressure regulator 744a can regulate the pressure among the crucible 740a, flows among the die assembly 745a so that 741a is supplied with in fusion.Die assembly 745a is configured to define the tubular dielectric plastid.Die assembly 745a comprises mother sleeve 746a, and mother sleeve 746a receives public spirit axle 747a.Die assembly 745a also comprises one or more sclerosis support fin 748a.Formed tubing flows into first area 749a through die assembly 745a, thus the nucleation that formed tubing is cooled in the 749a of first area and is solidified into amorphous material and begins the fluormica crystal.Die assembly 745a then makes tubing advance to second area 750a, accepts further refinement with the crystallization that further helps the fluormica crystal through the wall thickness that reduces tubing.

Figure 19 B schematically shows the system 700b that is used for implementation process according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and this process comprises through the compressive stress fusion in the desired regions equally and pushes to be used to form insulator.More specifically, in the embodiment shown, system 700b comprises the crucible 740b that can be processed by refractory metal, pottery or pyrolyzing graphite material.Crucible 740b can comprise suitable conversion coating, and perhaps antiseepage and non-reacted lining for example approach platinum and select or platinum group heat insulating coat.Crucible 740b has loaded has roughly that the supply 741b of aforesaid prescription (for example, contains about 25-60%SiO ₂, 15-35%R ₂O ₃(R wherein ₂O ₃Be 3-15%B ₂O ₃And 5-25%Al ₂O ₃), 4-25%MgO+0-7%Li ₂O (MgO+Li wherein ₂The total amount of O is between about 6-25%), 2-20%R ₂O (R wherein ₂O is 0-15%Na ₂O, 0-15%K ₂O, 0-15%Rb ₂O), 0-15%Rb ₂O and 0-20%Cs ₂The supply of O and 4-20%F), perhaps is used to produce the suitable prescription of micarex, for example has K ₂Mg ₅Si ₈O ₂₀F ₄The material of roughly forming.

System 700b also comprises lid or cap 742b, comprising reflection subassembly and heater 744b.System 700b can heat with fusion and is in the supply 741b in the shielding gas atmosphere, for example is in the vacuum or has inert gas at crucible 740b with covering between the 742b.For example, the 700b of system can and/or add heat supply 741b through any suitable heating process (comprising the radiation in resistance for example, electron beam, laser, induction heating and/or the source of heating through free this Conversion of energy technology) through crucible heater 745b, lid heater 744b.To produce after basic homogeneous supplies with 741b, the supply 741b of lid 742b in crucible 740b exerts pressure in suitable mixing and fusion.Source of the gas 746b can also put on inert gas and/or process gas by lid 742b in the crucible 740b that 747b place in seal interface seals.Pressure regulator can be regulated the pressure among the crucible 740b, flows among the die assembly 749b so that 741b is supplied with in fusion.Die assembly 749b is configured to define the tubular dielectric plastid.Die assembly 749b comprises mother sleeve 750b, and mother sleeve 750b receives public spirit axle 751b.Die assembly 749b can also comprise one or more sclerosis support fin 752b.Formed tubing 701b flows into first area 753b through die assembly 749b, thus the nucleation that formed tubing 701b is cooled in the 753b of first area and is solidified into amorphous material and begins the fluormica crystal.

At least a portion of die assembly 749b (comprising formed tubing 701b with nucleation fluormica glass) then rotation perhaps moves to the position 702b that aligns with second die assembly through alternate manner.756b is pushed to second area 757b to cylinder 755b from the first area with formed tubing 701b.In second area 757b, second die assembly can reheat formed tubing 701b, thereby quickens growth of crystal to continue producing above-mentioned preferably directed crystal grain along with further refinement crystal.Formed tubing 701b then advances to the 3rd regional 758b, to accept further grain refinement and orientation.Can carry out irregular dedusting or packing (dressed) to the selected contact area of the 3rd regional 758b through the crystal grain nucleation accelerator, comprising for example AlF ₃, MgF ₂And/or B ₂O ₃In the 3rd regional 758b; Through the wall thickness that the reduces formed tubing 701b formed tubing 701b that reduced further refinement; Thereby even further help the crystallization of fluormica crystal and, and the balance tension in the balance above-mentioned zone therefore in compressive force according to the region generating expectation of grainiess mentioned above.Subsequently, formed tubing 701b (comprising through compressing stressed especially high physics and the dielectric strength that forms with the antiseepage surface) can deposit to conveyor 759b upward to be used for moving formed tubing 701b.

Being used for dielectric property through these improvement produces the alternative system and the method for insulated pipes used and can utilize like United States Patent(USP) No. 5; The disclosed pressure gradient of 863,326 (mode through quoting in full is attached among this paper) produces shape, powder compaction and the sintering process of expectation.Further system and method can comprise United States Patent(USP) No. 5; 549; Disclosed monocrystalline conversion process of 746 (this patent is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full) and U. S. Patent 3; The disclosed formation technology of 608,050 (this patent is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full) is converted into polycrystalline material the basic monocrystal material with much higher dielectric strength.According to embodiment of the present disclosure, only having approximately, the polycrystalline material (for example, aluminium oxide) of the dielectric strength of 0.3KV/.001 " to 0.4KV/.001 " changes into the dielectric strength that monocrystal material can be realized about at least 1.2KV/.001 " to 1.4KV/.001 ".The dielectric strength of this improvement allows to be used for various application according to sparger of the present disclosure, comprising the high compression DENG of the port that for example has very little entering firing chamber and height boost supercharging and turbosupercharged engine.

Be used to form another embodiment of the insulator with high dielectric strength according to the disclosure, insulator can be formed by any composition the shown in the table 2.More specifically, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, table 2 provides the illustrative formulation selection based on the composition of the approximate weight percentage of oxide.

Table 2 illustrative dielectric is formed

The selected material precursor that final oxide percentage composition is provided (material that example is as shown in table 2) is being carried out about 4 hours ball milling and fusion so that homogeneous melt to be provided in the covering crucible under about 1,300 ℃-1,400 ℃ temperature.The smelt of can then casting forms pipe, and pipe then is annealed to about 500 ℃-600 ℃.Can be then under about 750 ℃ temperature, pipe be further carried out about 4 hours heat treated and then through nucleation accelerating agent (B for example ₂O ₃) dedusting.Can then under about 1,100 ℃ to 1,250 ℃ temperature, change shape, to promote nucleation and to produce the crystal orientation of expectation to pipe.Can also further carry out about 4 hours heat treated, so that at least approximately dielectric strength of 2.0KV/.001 " to 2.7KV/.001 " to be provided to these pipes.

In a further embodiment, homogeneous melt can carry out ball milling and be provided with suitable Bond and lubricant additive being used for the ambient temperature basis, thereby produce good tube surfaces.The tubing that generates can then be coated and comprise for example B ₂O ₃Nucleation accelerating agent film and accept heat treatment so that the approximately dielectric strength of 1.9KV/.001 " to 2.5KV/.001 " and the physical strength of improvement to be provided at least.Ability (comprising for example " circularity " or the section of tubing of the tubing of extruding) according to the suitable dimension that keeps tubing can provide action time short higher heat treatment temperature, so that similar high dielectric and physical strength characteristic to be provided.

The embodiment who is used to produce the system and method for above-mentioned dielectric material helps improving the dielectric strength of the combination of various materials, therefore solved the problem that the unusual required HV of burning low energy densities fuel of difficulty is taken precautions against.For example, having the sparger of high dielectric strength material can be extremely firm and can operate through the fuel that changes from the low-temperature mixed thing of solid, liquid and steam to overheated diesel fuel and the fuel of other type.

Fuel injector and associated components

Any sparger as herein described can both be configured to comprise any dielectric material mentioned above.For example, Figure 20 is that sparger 810 has combined to have the dielectric insulator of above-mentioned characteristic according to the cross-sectional side view of the sparger 810 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Shown in insulator 810 comprise the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of the sparger of describing above with reference to Fig. 1 110.For example, shown in figure 20, sparger 810 comprises body 812, and body 812 has the intermediate portion 816 that between base portion 814 and spray nozzle part 818, extends.Thereby spray nozzle part 818 at least in part through engine cylinder cover 807 extend end with spray nozzle part 818 be positioned with firing chamber 804 at the interface.Body 812 further comprises passage 863, and passage 863 extends through the part of body 812, flows through sparger 810 to allow fuel.Other parts also can pass through passage 863.For example, sparger 810 further comprises actuator 822, and actuator 822 functionally is attached to controller or processor 826.Actuator 822 also is attached to valve or clamper component 860.Actuator 822 extends to the Flow valve 820 in the spray nozzle part 818 through the driver 824 of passage 863 from base portion 814.In certain embodiments, actuator 822 can be cable or bar assembly, comprising for example optical fiber, electrical signal fiber and/or acoustic communication fiber and wireless transducer node.As described in detail below, actuator 822 is configured to Flow valve 820 is activated, and gets into firing chamber 804 suddenly with quick guiding pluralities of fuel.Actuator 822 can also detect combustion performance and/or combustion performance is transferred to controller 826.

According to a characteristic of illustrated embodiment, actuator 822 remains on the operating position with respect to corresponding valve seat 872 location with Flow valve 820.More specifically, base portion 814 comprises one or more forcers 861 (schematically showing).Forcer 861 can be the forcer of electromagnetic force generator, piezoelectric forces generator or other suitable type.Forcer 861 is configured to produce the power that driver 824 is moved.Driver 824 contacts with clamper component 860, so that clamper component 860 moves with actuator 822.For example, forcer 861 can produce such power: this masterpiece is used on the driver 824 with pulling clamper component 860 and tensioning actuator 822.The actuator 822 of tensioning makes Flow valve 820 in valve seat 872, remain on operating position.When forcer 861 did not produce the power that acts on the driver 824, actuator 822 discharged, thereby allowed Flow valve 820 that fuel is imported in the firing chamber 804.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, spray nozzle part 818 can include the actuating that is beneficial to Flow valve 820 and some attraction parts of location.For example, in one embodiment, Flow valve 820 can be processed or combined first ferromagnetic material (for example, through electroplating the part of Flow valve 820) through alternate manner by first ferromagnetic material.Spray nozzle part 818 can carry corresponding second ferromagnetic material that is attracted to first ferromagnetic material.For example, valve seat 872 can combine second ferromagnetic material.In this way, these attract parts can help the center of Flow valve 820 to be in the valve seat 872, and the fast actuating that helps Flow valve 820.In other embodiments, actuator 822 can pass through one or more center line bearing (not shown), thereby makes Flow valve 820 placed in the middle in valve seat 872 at least in part.

Provide energy to come these attraction parts (for example, the magnetic part that is associated with Flow valve 820) of sparger 810 are activated and can cross acceleration closed jet metered valve 820, and the closing force that acts on the increase on the Flow valve 820 is provided.Therefore, this structure can be realized the cycle-index of open and close extremely fast of Flow valve 820.To the part of Flow valve 820 provide another benefit of electric conductivity be used for voltage that initial ignition or plasma form can ionization fuel through the near surface of valve seat 872.This can also ionization the fuel and the air of contiguous firing chamber 804, thereby further acceleration is lighted a fire fully and is burnt.

In the embodiment shown, base portion 814 also comprises heat compensator conducting property 865, for example thermofin (for example, helical fin).Base portion 814 comprises that also the first accessory 862a can center on heat compensator conducting property 865 flowing coolant to be used for guiding, and the second accessory 862b leaves base portion 814 to allow freezing mixture.This cooling of sparger can prevent condensation at least in part and/or when using cold fuel, form ice, for example along with the fuel of cooling fast that expands.But, when using hot fuel at that time, can utilize this heat exchange to come the part to reduce or keep being contained in the vapour tension of the fuel in the path that leads to the firing chamber and prevent number of times drippage not expect.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, Flow valve 820 can be configured to carry instrument 876 to be used to monitor firing chamber 804 incidents.For example, Flow valve 820 can be the ball valve of being processed by the material (for example quartz or sapphire) of normally transparent.In certain embodiments, ball valve 820 can carry the instrument 876 (for example, sensor, transducer etc.) of ball valve 820 inboards.For example, in one embodiment, can through with the plane of the face almost parallel of engine cylinder cover 807 in cutting ball valve 820 in ball valve 820, form the chamber.In this way, ball valve 820 can be divided into base portion 877 and lens section 878.Can in base portion 877, form chamber (for example conical cavity) and accommodate instrument 876.Lens section 878 can be followed again, and attached (for example, adhesion) is spherical with the cardinal principle that keeps ball valve 820 to base portion 877.In this way, ball valve 820 is positioned to 804 interfaces, contiguous firing chamber with instrument 876.Therefore, instrument 876 can be measured and the communication combustion data, comprising for example pressure, temperature, mobile data.In other embodiments, Flow valve 820 can comprise the treated face that instrument 876 is protected.For example, can protect the face of Flow valve 820 through the material of deposition relative inertness, for example diamond class coating, sapphire, optical clear hexagonal boron nitride, BN-AlN composite material, aluminum oxynitride (comprise Al ₂₃O ₂₇N ₅The AlON of spinel), magnesium aluminate spinels and/or other suitable protectiveness material.

Shown in figure 20, body 812 comprises the conductive coating 874 that extends to spray nozzle part 818 from intermediate portion 816.Conductive coating 874 is attached to electric conductor or cable 864.Cable 864 can also be attached to generator (for example suitable piezoelectricity, induction, electric capacity or high voltage circuit) to be used for energy transport to sparger 810.Conductive coating 874 is configured to energy transport to spray nozzle part 818.For example, being positioned at the conductive coating 874 at valve seat 872 places can be as first electrode that produces ignition event (for example, spark or plasma) through the corresponding conductive part of engine cylinder cover 807.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, spray nozzle part 818 can comprise the outer sleeve 868 that is made up of the material that spark erosion is had resistivity.Sleeve 868 can also be resisted and be transferred to or from the spark deposition material (for example, the electrode of spray nozzle part 818) of conductive coating 874.In addition, spray nozzle part 818 can further comprise and is configured to protect at least in part sparger 810 be not heated enhancing heat dam (heat dam) or protection portion 866 with other degeneration firing chamber factor affecting.Protection portion 866 can comprise that also one or more transducers or sensor are to be used for measuring or monitoring combustion parameter, for example temperature, thermal shock and mechanical shock and/or the pressure events in the firing chamber 804.

Shown in figure 20 equally, intermediate portion 816 comprises the dielectric insulator that can construct according to embodiment mentioned above with spray nozzle part 818.More specifically, in the embodiment shown, intermediate portion 816 comprises the first insulator 817a, and the first insulator 817a is at least in part around the second insulator 817b.The second insulator 817b extends to spray nozzle part 818 from intermediate portion 816.Therefore, at least one section of the second insulator 817b is positioned to contiguous firing chamber 804.In one embodiment, the second insulator 817b can have and compares the bigger dielectric strength of the first insulator 817a.In this way, the second insulator 817b can be configured to bear the abominable combustion condition near firing chamber 804.But in other embodiments, sparger 810 can comprise the insulator of being processed by homogenous material.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, at least a portion of the second insulator 817b in the spray nozzle part 818 can be spaced apart with firing chamber 804.This has formed the gap or the volume of the air space 870 between the conductive coating 874 (for example, first electrode) of engine cylinder cover 807 (for example, second electrode) and spray nozzle part 818.Sparger 810 can form the plasma of the ionized air in the space 870 before fuel injection event.The plasma emission of this ionized air (plasmaprojection) can quicken to get into the burning of the fuel of plasma.In addition, this plasma emission can influence the shape of the fuel of rapid combustion according to predetermined combustion chamber characteristic.Similarly, sparger 810 can also make the parts ionization of fuel with generation high-energy plasma body, thereby can also influence or change the shape of the distribution pattern of combustion fuel.

Sparger 810 can further customize the burning of institute's injected fuel and the performance of distribution through the unexpected gasification that produces supercavity or institute's injected fuel.More specifically, and describe in detail with reference to the further embodiment of the disclosure like hereinafter, Flow valve 820 and/or valve seat 872 can form through the mode that the picture generation is flow through the unexpected gasification of fuel of these parts.For example, Flow valve 820 can Flow valve with valve seat 872 contacted parts in have the stepped part of one or more sharp edges.In addition, the frequency of open and close Flow valve 820 also can cause the unexpected gasification of institute's injected fuel.Liquid fuel or the liquid and solid fuel mixture of ingredients of this gasification suddenly through quick entering produced gas or steam.For example, this unexpected gasification can be transmitted the entering firing chamber and produce steam along with the surface of liquid fuel around Flow valve 820.The unexpected gasification of fuel make institute's injected fuel compare not the fuel of gasification can be fast many and fully how burn.In addition, the unexpected gasification of institute's injected fuel can produce different fuel injection mode or shape, comprising for example with the visibly different projection spheroid of the general conical pattern of conventional spray fuel mode.more further among the embodiment, can utilize the unexpected gasification of institute's injected fuel through various other fuel ignition and burning enhancement technique.For example, gasification suddenly can combine overheated, the plasma of liquid fuel and/or the sound power of the fuel outburst of being launched.When contrasting the catalytic ignition of liquid propellant composition, these igniting that strengthen fuel outburst need the catalyzer and the catalysis region of much less.

Figure 21 is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 910 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 910 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of sparger mentioned above.For example, sparger 910 comprises the one or more high voltage dielectric insulators 917 (being represented by the first insulator 917a and the second insulator 917b respectively) with above-mentioned characteristic.The second insulator 917b centers on the spray nozzle part 918 of contiguous firing chamber 904 at least in part.Therefore, the second insulator 917b can have and compares the bigger dielectric strength of the first insulator 917b.The second insulator 917b can also have bigger mechanical strength (for example, having the stressed outer surface of compression) to bear the abominable operational condition at spray nozzle part 918 places.

Sparger 910 also comprises body 912, and body 912 has the intermediate portion 916 that between base portion 914 and spray nozzle part 918, extends.Thereby spray nozzle part 918 is positioned firing chamber 904 at the interface through the end that engine cylinder cover 907 extends spray nozzle part 918 at least in part.Body 912 further comprises passage 963, and passage 963 extends through the part of body 912, flows through sparger 910 to allow fuel.Other parts also can pass through passage 963.For example, sparger 910 further comprises actuator 922, and actuator 922 functionally is attached to controller or processor 926.Actuator 922 also functionally is attached to the driver 924 in the base portion 914.Hereinafter is described the further details about suitable driver with reference to Figure 23.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21, actuator 922 extends to the Flow valve 920 the spray nozzle part 918 through passage 963 from driver 924.In certain embodiments, actuator 922 can be cable or bar assembly, comprising for example optical fiber, electrical signal fiber and/or acoustic communication fiber and wireless transducer node.Actuator 922 is configured to Flow valve 920 is activated, and gets into firing chamber 904 suddenly with quick guiding pluralities of fuel.Actuator 922 can also detect combustion performance and/or combustion performance is transferred to controller 926.When Flow valve 920 was in the close position, Flow valve 920 was settled with respect to valve seat 972.

Base portion 914 comprises fuel inlet port 902, to be used for that fuel is imported sparger 910.In certain embodiments, ingress port 902 can comprise leak detection feature, and leak detection feature is configured to whether fuel leaked in the process that gets into sparger 910 and monitors.For example; Other part of ingress port 902 or sparger 910 can comprise like co-pending U.S. Patent application No.10/236; 820 and No.09/716,664 (each in two patents all is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full) disclosed " informer (tattletale) " fuel monitoring setting.

Base portion 914 also comprises around the pole piece 903 of the magnetic winding 961 of ceoncentrically wound coil frame 932.Coil carrier 932 comprises inside diameter surface 933, and inside diameter surface 933 can be used as linear bearing, moves with the non-directional that is used for driver 924.Can seal with respect to 932 pairs of rod units 903 of coil carrier, to prevent fuel leak therebetween.For example, rod unit 903 can comprise one or more grooves and corresponding O type ring 930.In addition, can seal with respect to 917 pairs of coil carriers 932 of insulator, to prevent fuel leak therebetween equally.For example, insulator 917 can comprise one or more grooves and corresponding O type ring 938.

Sparger 910 further comprises and through alloy cabinet 924 and insulator 917 conveying capacities (for example being used for; Be used for producing correct time the HV of spark, plasma, ac plasma, resistance heating etc.) energy port 964, to be used to be connected to conductive coating or sleeve 974.Conducting sleeve 974 is with energy conduction to spray nozzle part 918, in firing chamber 904, to produce ignition event.More specifically, conducting sleeve 974 with energy conduction to first electrode or the cap 921 that carry by spray nozzle part 918.Cap 921 can be igniting and the fuel flow rate controlling device that covers Flow valve 920 at least in part.The part of engine cylinder cover 907 can be used as and lid 921 corresponding second electrodes that are used for ignition event.

In other embodiments, can be through providing power to be provided for the energy of ignition event for piezoelectricity or magnetic telescopic driver 934 on the downstream portion that is positioned at driver 924.In addition; Zone getting into firing chamber 904 extremely has in the restrictive application; Can boosted voltage be delivered to the cap 921 of conductive coating 974 and/or spray nozzle part 918 through the conductor (for example, aforesaid screw winding laminated insulator) in the insulator 917.In this embodiment, conductor can extend from insulator 917 through the base portion 914 that will be attached to voltage generation source.More specifically, conductor can leave base portion 914 through first port 906 in the rod unit 903 and second port 908.(for example be used to provide electric power and/or adjusting electric power; Spark or plasma generation) thus the suitable system of operating solenoid component of the present disclosure is disclosed in United States Patent(USP) No. 4; 122,816 and No.7,349; In 193, each in two patents all is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the spray nozzle part 918 of sparger 910 comprises heat dam or the protection portion 966 that is configured to limit 904 heat transfers from the firing chamber.In addition, base portion 914 can comprise heat compensator conducting property 965 (for example, thermofin).Sparger 910 can hold the thermal fluid that flows around heat compensator conducting property 965.Thermal fluid can be maintained under the relative stationary temperature, the suitable thermostat temperature of for example about 70 ℃ to 120 ℃ (160 ° of F to 250 ° of F).Therefore, center on the operating temperature that heat compensator conducting property 965 mobile thermal fluids can keep sparger 910, to prevent at cold fuel

(for example, low temp fuel) moisture when flowing through sparger 910 in the atmosphere forms frost or ice.

Sparger 910 is configured to inject fuel in the firing chamber 904 in response to pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, piezoelectricity and/or dynamo-electric input.For example, consider electromechanics or eletromagnetic-operating, the electric current that puts on magnetic winding 961 is producing magnetic pole in the soft magnetic material of driver 924.This magnetic force causes advancing of driver 924, therefore makes actuator 922 tensionings, thereby with respect to valve seat 972 Flow valve 920 is remained on operating position.When current reversal or when no longer applying, driver 924 does not make actuator 922 tensionings, therefore allows fuel to flow through Flow valve 920.

In certain embodiments, sparger 910 be configured to when the quick outburst of burner oil to eliminate actuator 922 do not expect move and/or residue moves.Sparger 910 can also be configured to guarantee the center line alignment of actuator 922, wherein can comprise the for example instrument of optical fiber instrument.For example, sparger can comprise the passage 963 that is arranged in body 912 one or more parts or assembly to be used to the actuator 922 that aligns.More specifically, Figure 22 A is used to align the side view of open truss pipe assembly 1080 of actuator according to embodiment of the present disclosure structure.Figure 22 B is basically along the cross-section front view of the component truss 1080 of the line 22B-22B intercepting of Figure 22 A.With reference to Figure 22 A and Figure 22 B, in the embodiment shown, component truss 1080 comprises a plurality of braided fibers 1082 around actuator 922 simultaneously.Fiber 1082 can comprise optical fiber, electric fiber, instrument transducer and/or reinforced fiber.These fibers 1082 can be around actuator 922 braiding or coiling, makes component truss 1080 actuator 922 that in sparger, aligns.The material that is applicable to 1082 outside fiber can comprise graphite, coated with cvd diamond graphite, glass fibre, silk or fiber ceramics, polyether-ether-ketone and various suitable fluoropolymer.These materials can be configured to provide the modulus of section and the low friction performance of expectation, axially move in component truss 1080 to allow actuator 922.For example, in certain embodiments, the internal diameter of pipe component truss 1080 can carry out superfinish and/or apply friction coat (comprising for example, molybdenum sulfide, diamond-like-carbon, boron nitride or various suitable polymers).Can in various combinations, utilize these surface treatments to realize friction minimizing, corrosion protection, heat transfer and other wear-resisting purpose.Except alignment actuator 922, component truss 1080 also prevents actuator in operating process, resonate ring, shake or axially spring.

Figure 22 C is align resonance ring that actuator 922 and preventing do not expect, shake or the axial side view of the component truss 1081 of spring of being used to according to another embodiment structure of the present disclosure.Figure 22 D is basically along the cross-section front view of the line 22D-22D intercepting of Figure 22 C.With reference to Figure 22 C and Figure 22 D, component truss 1081 comprises a plurality of helical springs or the biasing member 1083 of arranging and constructing continuously around actuator 922 simultaneously.Therefore, in operation, the frequency of single spring 1083 cancels each other out, thereby makes actuator 922 stable.

Figure 22 E is that sparger 1010 comprises that guide member 1090 is to be used to the actuator 1022 that aligns according to the cross section side-looking partial view of the sparger 1010 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.More specifically, shown sparger 1010 can have the characteristic with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of other sparger disclosed herein.For example, the sparger 1010 shown in Figure 22 E comprises actuator 1022, and actuator 1022 extends between driver 1024 and Flow valve 1020 through body 1012.But in the embodiment shown, guide member 1090 is being in location downstream at least in part around actuator 1022 with respect to driver 1024.Guide member 1090 supporting actuators 1022 and the resonance ring of not expecting, shake and/or axial spring that prevent actuator 1022.In the embodiment shown, guide member 1090 comprises first one 1091 of contiguous driver 1024, and second one 1092 of contiguous Flow valve 1020.Have first internal diameter for first one 1091, and second portion 1092 has second internal diameter around actuator 1022 around actuator 1022.Shown in Figure 22 E, second internal diameter is less than first internal diameter, therefore the position of the Flow valve 1020 in the spray nozzle part of contiguous sparger supporting actuator 1029 closely.In addition, in certain embodiments, guide member 1090 can combine to be used to produce piezoelectricity, sound and/or the calutron of the power of fuel outburst.Guide member 1090 can also combine instrument, transducer and/or sensor to be used for detection and communication chamber conditions.

Figure 23 is the cross-sectional side view according to the driver 1124 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Driver 1124 comprises the characteristic with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of driver mentioned above.In the embodiment shown, driver constructions becomes to be attached to actuator and allows fuel to flow through wherein.More specifically, driver 1124 comprises body 1138, and body 1138 has the first end 1140 relative with the second end 1142.Body 1138 also comprises the passage 1144 that extends through wherein.Passage 1144 is branched off into a plurality of less passages or path at the second end 1142 places of body 1138.For example, the second end 1142 comprises fuel flow path 1146 (being represented by the first fuel flow path 1146a and the second fuel flow path 1146b respectively), to allow fuel to flow through and to leave driver 1124.The second end 1142 also comprises the actuator path 1148 that is configured to accommodate actuator.

In certain embodiments, driver 1124 can be configured to provide power to come burner oil from sparger.For example, driver 1124 can provide acoustics power to revise or strengthen fuel and spray outburst.In one embodiment, driver 1124 can be processed by compound ferromagnetic material.In other embodiments, driver 1124 can comprise that layer closes Magnetostrictive transducer material or piezoelectric material with generation sound power.Be used for providing the appropriate method of this function for example to comprise like United States Patent(USP) No. 5,980 lamination of the described expectation material of 251 (this patent is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full) at driver 1124.In addition, provided the sound-powered suitable piezoelectric approach that is used to produce this expectation in the following teaching material that provides by Valpey Fisher Corporation: propose at the Crystal Engineering in November, 2000 by Jim Socki Quartz Crystal Oscillator Training Seminar

With reference to Figure 21, sparger 910 comprises igniting and the flow regulator that is carried by spray nozzle part 918 or covers 921 that spray nozzle part 918 covers Flow valve 920 at least in part once more.Lid 921 comprises one or more conductive members, makes that covering 921 can be first electrode that produces ignition event through corresponding second electrode of engine cylinder cover.Lid 921 can be configured to protect the parts of sparger 910, and these unit architectures become monitoring and/or detect combustion performance.Lid 921 can also be configured to influence shape, pattern and/or the phase place of institute's injected fuel.For example, as stated, lid 921 can be configured to cause the unexpected gasification of institute's injected fuel.

Describe covering 921 further details with reference to Figure 24 A.More specifically, Figure 24 A is the plan view according to the first lid 1221a of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown, the first lid 1221a comprises that a plurality of grooves and hole produce the fuel infiltration of expectation and fuel gets into the firing chamber through the first lid 1221a flow velocity.The first lid 1221a also is used as the igniter of spark, plasma, catalyzer or the hot surface ignitor of firing chamber.Hole among the first lid 1221a and groove provide to the part of firing chamber and have exposed, to be used to monitor combustion performance.More specifically, the first lid 1221a comprises a plurality of first groove 1223 and second grooves 1227 that radially extend.Shown in Figure 24 A, first groove 1223 is compared second groove 1227 and is had short length and bigger thickness.The first lid 1221a also comprises around covering isolated circularly a plurality of first holes 1225 between groove, and second hole 1229 that is positioned at the central part of lid.The groove of the first lid 1221a and other lid as herein described and/or hole can be set for reference to the firing chamber face and be orthogonal or nonopiate angle, to realize the fuel flow rate and the rate of burning of expectation.

Although the first lid 1221a of Figure 24 A has represented an illustrative pattern or groove and hole, other embodiment can comprise the injection that is configured for expecting and the different mode of ignition performance.For example, Figure 24 B is that side view and Figure 24 C are according to second igniting that comprises a plurality of sharp edges of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure and the side view of flow regulator or lid 1221b.With reference to Figure 24 B and Figure 24 C, the second lid 1221b comprises a plurality of grooves 1223 that extend radially outwardly from the central part of the second lid 1221b simultaneously.Groove 1223 is formed on between the electrode part 1231 of bottom surface 1224 extensions.Electrode part 1231 is configured to produce ignition event through engine cylinder cover corresponding electrode portion.The second lid 1221b also comprises hole 1229 at the central part place of the second lid 1221b.Therefore, can be through hole 1229 and through the 1233 monitoring combustion performancies of the gap between electrode part 1231 and the bottom surface 1224.

In some cases, can expect to combine to be used for spark, plasma, hot surface and/or the catalytic ignition of ignition event.For example, for catalytic ignition, electrode part 1231 and/or ignition point 1232 can comprise the catalyzer of platinum metal for example or platinum black.For hot surface ignitor, electrode part 1231 and/or ignition point 1232 can comprise deposition (comprising the acicular structure owing to spark or plasma corrode and transmission deposits).This sediments can be reverse and/or utilize Ac and between electrode part 1231, move through making polarity of voltage aperiodically, with the development of the plasma that is used for producing at contiguous ignition point 1232 places.

A benefit of illustrated embodiment is that the second lid 1221b can provide protection for sensor or the transducer that is used to monitor combustion performance.Another benefit is that the groove 1223 that between electrode part 1231, extends has produced a plurality of igniting origination points 1232 or come starting ignition as hot surface.Because the second lid 1221b has a plurality of ignition points 1232, therefore the second lid 1221b is particularly suited for being widely used.For example, even in the ignition point 1232 one stops up or degenerates or become and can not operate through alternate manner, the second lid 1221b still has a plurality of other ignition points 1232 and produces igniting.

Figure 24 D is the isometric view according to the 3rd lid 1221c of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure; Figure 24 E is the plan view according to the 3rd lid 1221c of another embodiment structure of the present disclosure, and Figure 24 F is the cross-sectional side view according to the basic line 24F-24F intercepting along Figure 24 E of the 3rd lid 1221c of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown, the 3rd lid 1221c comprises and bottom 1224 isolated first surfaces 1226.Hole 1229 extends through the central part of first surface 1226, and a plurality of groove 1223 extends through the 3rd lid 1221c between first surface 1226 and bottom 1224.Be similar to embodiment mentioned above, hole 1229 allows to be monitored combustion performance by the instrument that sparger carries with groove 1223.In the embodiment shown, groove 1223 with respect to first surface 1226 with about 45 the degree angle extend through the 3rd the lid 1221c.But in other embodiments, groove 1223 can be formed on bigger or less angle among the 3rd lid 1221c.The 3rd lid 1221c further comprises the path 1237 that extends through bottom 1224, and fuel flows through the 3rd lid 1221c through path 1237.

With reference to Figure 21, in some applications, can be desirably in spray nozzle part 918 places and have mechanical check valve once more, get into sparger 910 with the firing pressure that prevents in firing chamber 904, to produce.Therefore, in certain embodiments, spray nozzle part 918 can comprise the mechanical check valve of aliging with the bearing guiding element 943 that is carried by spray nozzle part 918.Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C shows this safety check 1345 according to embodiment structure of the present disclosure.More specifically, Figure 25 A is the isometric view of safety check 1345, and Figure 25 B is the rear view of safety check 1345, and Figure 25 C is the cross-sectional side view of the basic line 25C-25C intercepting along Figure 25 B of safety check 1345.With reference to Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C, in the embodiment shown, safety check 1345 comprises the protuberance 1351 of 1347 extensions from the bottom simultaneously.Protuberance 1351 is configured to be housed at least in part in the spray nozzle part of corresponding sparger.Safety check 1345 comprises that from the bottom 1347 extend to the flow surface 1353 of protuberance 1351.At protuberance 1351 places, flow surface 1353 comprises impeller fin or groove 1349.Safety check 1345 further comprises the combustion surface 1357 that is configured to towards the firing chamber.Opening or groove 1355 extend to the safety check 1345 from combustion surface 1357.Opening 1355 can be accommodated the bearing guiding element 943 of Figure 21 at least in part.

In operation, can and/or for example promote safety check 1345 towards operating position through chamber pressure, mechanical spring by electromagnet or by the magnetic force that the permanent magnet that is attached in the valve seat provides.The positive pressure that flows of the given fuel through corresponding valve seat is opened safety check 1345, to allow fuel to flow through safety check 1345 and to be injected in the firing chamber.This flows can produce Coanda effect, thereby along with fuel flows in the firing chamber safety check 1345 is remained on open position.In certain embodiments, can monitor corresponding to the flow velocity of the Coanda effect of safety check 1345 location and pressure dependence (comprising for example by conveying correspondingly fuel and the ratio between the chamber pressure).For fuel such as for example gasoline, diesel oil, ammonia, propane, fuel alcohols and can be used as for various other fuel of liquid, super-heated liquid or vapor; This information can be useful; Has or do not have the multiple displacement of extra displacement (product that further comprises thermochemistry regeneration, for example hydrogen and carbon monoxide) comprising it.

According to a characteristic of illustrated embodiment, safety check 1345 is configured in graded area, produce the intensive of fuel and flows, to strengthen the burning of fuel.For example, helical runner fin or groove 1349 can be used for applying angular velocity to safety check 1345, also in graded area, produce more intensive fuel simultaneously and flow.Because the raising of composite rate utilizes this DESIGNED FEATURE can help the burning faster of fuel.Can also utilize this DESIGNED FEATURE to come injected fuel, thereby and have in air or the another kind of oxygenant of vortex and produce shear-mixed according to the crossing current path along with fuel is pushed into to get into the firing chamber or to have been induced through combustion-chamber geometry through moment of momentum according to counter-current flow path collision institute.Therefore, safety check 1345 can be configured to institute's injected fuel moment of momentum is provided, and being used for clockwise or moving counterclockwise, thereby the acceleration and the heat that is transferred to combustor surface that produce the heat release process of expectation minimize.

Then with reference to Figure 26 A, Figure 26 A be according to another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure the cross-sectional side view of sparger 1410.Sparger 1410 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of sparger mentioned above.For example, sparger 1410 is particularly suited in less relatively DENG, being coupled in the very little port of engine cylinder cover 1407.For example, sparger 1410 is included in the intermediate portion 1416 that extends between bottom 1414 and the spray nozzle part 1418.In the embodiment shown, sparger 1410 utilizes ferrimag cabinet 1402 as having the part of the electromagnetic circuit of driver armature 1424.Driver 1424 is settled with respect to first magnetic in driver 1424 downstream or mechanical bias member or spring 1435 in intermediate portion 1416 usually.Driver can also be settled by second biasing member 1413 with respect to driver 1424 upper reaches in the anti-hole 1433 of intermediate portion 1416 usually.The electric current that puts on the solenoid winding makes driver 1424 move along the longitudinal axis of sparger 1410 is linear.Cabinet 1402 holds and protects the ceramics insulator 1417 of high dielectric strength equally, and insulator 1417 can comprise any solenoid of above-detailed.Insulator 1417 makes conduction tubing or coating 1408 insulation, with the purpose that is used for carrying ignition energy to spray nozzle part 1418.For example, cable 1438 can be supplied to coating 1408 with ignition energy, coating 1408 in the firing chamber 1404 at the interface ignition energy is conducted to igniting member or cover 1421.

Figure 26 B is the plan view of sparger 1410, wherein shows igniting member 1421.With reference to Figure 26 A and Figure 26 B, igniting member 1421 comprises that a plurality of radially ignition points 1412 are to be used to produce the ignition event that for example spark, plasma, hot surface and/or catalysis stimulate simultaneously.As stated, except ignition point 1412, igniting member 1421 also comprises a plurality of holes that are used for fuel entering firing chamber 1404.Be used to use the required minimized additional features in space of sparger 1410 can by from the bottom 1414 extend to spray nozzle part 1418 fuel carrying path 1442 provide.For multiple cylinder engine, fuel carrying path 1442 can be attached to the one or more flexible delivery pipelines that lead to suitable fuel distributor manifold.

In operation, the electric current that puts on the electromagnetism winding attracts drivers 1424 towards winding 1411 and pole element 1441, with in the pressurized fuel suction sparger 1410.Driver 1424 compresses stop anchor clamps 1460, and stop anchor clamps 1460 can be protection and the high physics of connectivity ground clamp actuators 1422 and the part of dielectric strength polymer sheath (for example polyether-ether-ketone).Actuator 1422 is attached to the Flow valve 1420 in the spray nozzle part 1418.Flow valve 1420 is housed in the valve seat 1425.In certain embodiments, actuator 1422 can comprise bar or the cable that has combined pipeline or one group of multiply optical fiber.In addition, Flow valve 1420 can be ferromagnetic with valve seat.Spray nozzle part 1418 further comprises safety check 1458, and safety check 1458 also can be ferromagnetic.Safety check 1458 extends through hollow shaft and is in the charge of 1426 and be provided for pressure measurement and to the temperature at 1404 places, firing chamber and the inlet that moves the complete observation of describing.This provides the monitoring of chamber conditions and incident (moving comprising piston); To be used for confirming velocity of piston and acceleration; The chamber pressure of air inlet, compression, injection, igniting, flame propagation, power and exhaust phase, the temperature of FT and combustion chamber components (comprising piston, cylinder wall, valve and cylinder lid surface).Optical fiber and other the instrument communication component repeatedly laminated insulation of instrument fiber (comprise for example conduct electricity) extend through the fuel carrying path 1432 of utmost point spare 1441.

Shown in Figure 26 A and Figure 26 B; For the diameter of sparger 1410 in the port of engine cylinder cover 1407 minimized thereby the inlet that gets into firing chamber 1404 is provided, the overall diameter (comprising shell 1402 and energy supply cable 1438) of sparger 1410 is minimized.In addition, actuator 1422 can be transmitted through sparger 1410 by inside.Telecommunications fibers from actuator 1422 can be left bottom 1414 and be attached to peripheral control unit, processor or storage through the outlet of passing Sealing.Similarly, insulated cable 1440 can be transmitted through bottom 1414, thereby to carry electric power to drive one or more piezoelectricity or magnetostriction apparatus, comprising for example driver 1424.

In some applications, safety check 1458 can be constructed with impeller fin or the groove with safety check 1345 broadly similars of describing above with reference to Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C.These impeller fins or groove can apply angular velocity to fuel, flow with the fuel that in graded area, produces comparatively dense, thereby can therefore strengthen from the outburst type or the pattern of the fuel of spray nozzle part 1418 dischargings.Because the raising of composite rate; Utilize this DESIGNED FEATURE can help the burning faster of fuel; Can also utilize this DESIGNED FEATURE to come according to the counter-current flow path collision, thus and/or have in air or the another kind of oxygenant of vortex and produce shear-mixed along with fuel is pushed into to get into the firing chamber or to have been induced through combustion-chamber geometry through moment of momentum according to the crossing current path.Therefore, safety check 1458 can be configured to be provided for the moment of momentum clockwise or that move counterclockwise of fuel, minimizes with acceleration that produces the heat release process of expecting and the heat that is transferred to combustor surface.

Next with reference to Figure 27 A, Figure 27 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 1500 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Shown sparger 1500 is particularly useful in the motor with the operation of high or low compression ratio, using, so that much fast and fuel combustion more completely to be provided.These fuel can comprise almost any combination of fuel characteristic, comprising for example temperature, one or more mixed-phase, viscosity, energy density and octane and cetane number (comprising octane and the cetane number well below the standard of traditional operation).In the embodiment shown, sparger 1500 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of sparger mentioned above.For example, sparger 1500 is included in the intermediate portion 1582 that extends between bottom 1580 and the spray nozzle part 1584.Sparger also comprises the actuator 1518 that extends to fuel flow valve 1524 from driver 1515.

In the embodiment shown, not that any fuel (diesel fuel of for example, being processed by energy crop, animal tallow and/or other debirs) through spark ignition combustion can both be delivered to sparger 1500 through ingress port 1502.Fuel can flow along the fuel flow path along some parts of sparger 1500.For example, fuel can pass through instrument signal cable 1504, spring retainer cap 1580, pressure spring 1508, the magnet of choosing wantonly 1514, the driver 1515 of suitable reinforcement and the pressure spring of choosing wantonly 1516 flows in bottom 1580.Fuel path continues the path 1531 through high dielectric strength insulator 1530 in intermediate portion, and gets into conductive coating or manage in 1522 the hole, to be transported to spray nozzle part 1584.In the embodiment shown, spray nozzle part 1584 with firing chamber 1550 comprise seat at the interface, this is through 1524 sealings of closed usually Flow valve.In some applications, coating or manage 1522 and can near the zone 1517 of firing chamber, apply or be electroplate with high dielectric strength material 1520 is to be used to guarantee with Flow valve 1524 or from the purpose of the electric conductivity of Flow valve 1524.In other application, like what possibly need as the circuit block in spark and the plasma igniting process, pipe coating 1520 can highly conductive or highly opposing igniting erosion.

Therefore, according to application, coating or pipe part 1522 can be the conductive coatings on the hole of dielectric insulator 1530, perhaps conducting metal, pottery, polymer or with the composite material of the special valve seal of providing at the interface of Flow valve 1524.This coating or pipe part 1522 and actuator 1518 make sparger 1500 can have very little external diameter with driver 1515.This structure also allows sparger longer relatively as arriving through the regional required ground with one or more overhead camshafts and valve operator.

The reference that biasing member or thrust produce member can comprise can be configured to produce required pulling force or the spring of thrust (comprising for example mechanical spring form, for example the cup spring of spiral winding, circular cone winding, flat and curved vane or lamination blade, oval plate, distortion dish and various dish, formation), magnet and/or piezoelectric part.In many application, the combination of such selection provide effectively expectation service speed, resonance is tuning and/or reduce not desired characteristics.

In the embodiment shown, through as the actuator 1518 that provides by pressure spring 1508 and spring compressor 1506 on tension force promote closed usually Flow valve 1524 with respect to coating or manage 1522 valve seat 1521 closures.These springs can be attached to actuator 1518, thus for the purpose that on Flow valve 1524, applies closed tension force mechanically the non-directional of limiting actuator 1518 advance.In addition, Flow valve 1524 can be provided with sharp annular feature, perhaps can have relative to each other along circumferential isolated sharp ignition point.Conduction cabinet 1510 can be with the part of the magnetic circuits that acts on solenoid winding 1519 and driver 1515.Cabinet 1510 can also be as the misoperation parts at the interface that extends to the firing chamber.With the firing chamber at the interface, cabinet 1510 can also comprise inner ignition Characteristics 1528, for example radially inwardly the sharp point of guiding, perhaps annular concentric characteristic.In addition, 1580 places in the bottom, sparger can comprise one or more grooves and O type ring 1537, perhaps adhere to compound (for example polyurethane or epoxy resin) with fuel encapsulation in bottom 1580.

In operation, sparger 1500 can be accommodated pressurized fuel through ingress port 1502.Fuel flows to the Flow valve 1524 of common closure and subsequently through being allowed to get into the firing chamber by suitable forcer (piezoelectricity or the spiral piping arrangement that for example are used for removable drive 1515) actuation flow metered valve 1524.Driver 1515 produces and the opposite power of tension force that is applied by spring 1508, and therefore allows fuel to get into the firing chamber suddenly from spray nozzle part 1584.Can or manage the gap between 1522 at ignition Characteristics 1528 and coating, and/or be provided for carrying the high current intensity impulsive current in the gap between Flow valve 1524 and the ignition Characteristics 1528 any amount of setting.For example, insulated cable 1532 can be delivered to such electric current movable conductors cable 1533, and movable conductors cable 1533 is attached to the conductive coating or the fiber of actuator 1518 tops, thereby conducts electrical currents to Flow valve 1524.

Such operation can get into outburst to produce a series of fuel in high frequency (comprising the resonance tuned frequency) repetition down.The sound power that the outburst of these repetitions can be accompanied by from piezoelectricity or magnetostrictive force is applied in each fuel outburst.These power can comprise the power by multi-functional embodiment's generation of driver 1515.For example, can produce igniting through the one or many ionization in one or more annular spaces of air between the ring part 1511 of Flow valve 1524 and immediate shell 1522.Can continue to carry this ionized air, with along with outwards opening the guaranteed igniting that burner oil provides the fuel of unexpected entering firing chamber 1550 through Flow valve 1524 from annular region 1517.

Being present in spark in the relative less clearance between the ignition Characteristics 1528 of Flow valve 1524 and ring part 1511 at first produces and can trigger like United States Patent(USP) No. 4; 122; The disclosed capacitor discharge of 816 (mode through quoting in full is attached among this paper); To produce subsequently surge to plasma current greater than 500 amperes; Thereby being launched with supersonic speed and accelerate in the firing chamber and impact and apply power to layering fueling, the plasma that makes the appearance that moves outward of following valve 1524 breaks out, to be used for accomplishing extremely apace combustion process.This emission igniting and accelerated combustion process can be sprayed outburst through each fuel and repeated adaptively or produce adaptively, light a fire fast to be used for spraying the emission that breaks out greater than once continuous fuel.

In some applications, plasma generation can be through triggering correct time and being formed by the ionization fuel molecule that gets into the gap between sharp or sharpened surface or ignition Characteristics 1524 and 1528.Along with Flow valve 1524 continues outwards to open, the plasma of ionization fuel molecule is pushed into the firing chamber with supersonic speed, to guarantee and to accomplish apace the burning of each fuel outburst.This emission igniting process can be sprayed outburst through each fuel and regulated adaptively and repeat or the emission greater than once continuous outburst that develops to be used for injected fuel is adaptively lighted a fire fast.The inventor has been found that under each velocity of piston almost, this fast the self adaption of igniting and combustion process use the much bigger torque generation that all forms every caloric fuel value.

The supporting advantage of this plasma thrust is: because the appearance of much fast fuel injection, igniting and perfect combustion process, fuel sprays and can after top dead center place or top dead center, begin, in compression process, to reduce heat loss.Therefore, the operation that motor is many smoothly, and owing to cause friction that heat loss that the size of relative moving part changes causes and because the especially friction minimizing that causes of the degeneration of cylinder wall and the composite lubricating film that encircles.Therefore, prolonged cylinder and ring life-span, reduced heat loss, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced maintenance cost.

Figure 27 B is the sparger of Figure 27 A and according to the diagram of some combustion performancies of other sparger of embodiment of the present disclosure structure.Shown in Figure 27 B, the ignition by compression of diesel fuel (needing specific cetane number) need early start fuel under high pressure and spray in compression stroke.The diesel oil liquid shear is become droplet and promotes far enough and permeate drop entering compression heated air to need high pressure; Evaporate liquid fuel and continue to be penetrated in other the hot air to obtain sufficient amount of heat, thereby make the big molecule of evaporated fuel be cracked into the little molecule that can start combustion process.If air is not fully heating as yet; And if/or drop is inadequately little; And if/or velocity of piston crosses low or too high; Then diesel fuel will be penetrated into quenching zone and heat and will scatter and disappear at combustor surface (for example, piston, cylinder wall and cylinder cap parts), and will discharge unburned particulate and hydrocarbon--wherein a part as visible black smoke and another part as human and animal's lung and cardiovascular system especially are harmful to than small particle.

Diesel oil curve 1596 shows the part of the Pressure Development before the TDC.This part (before the TDC) that pressure rises be " doing over again " and for spray than bigger for the starting point of preignition and combustion incident.The starting point of higher velocity of piston, jet ignition early and burning must be in order, to accomplish evaporation, cracking and combustion incident.In each stage that the diesel fuel of each burn cycle sprays; Fuel pass through part flash evaporation, cracking and the burning suddenly that hot surplus air insulate most, to reach above 2,200 ℃ (4; 000 ° of F) temperature, this temperature are the threshold values that forms nitrogen oxide.

Comparatively speaking; Operation (shown in curve 1598) according to the integrated sparger/igniter of constructing according to the disclosure; Start and accomplish burning under all velocity of piston and the operational condition much all fast and under pressure diagram the much more working zone of conveying (if not all being in power stroke; Great majority are torque x rpm), compare fuel efficiency and the horsepower that diesel oil is operated with improvement.Fuel can be through spraying (comparing through much late after ignition by compression or the TDC) fast than MP major path; Thereby accomplish burning quickly: this is energy of plasma and/or the gas formation (supercavitation) that abundance can both be provided owing to any situation condition that has produced intake air temperature, air pressure or the fuel type (especially comprising combustion characteristic) of many outbursts-many fuel handlings according to unfavorable result (overvoltage of for example nitrogen oxide formation, critical engine parts or because the heat loss that insulating oxide agent infiltration causes) adaptively; Eliminating through the diesel-type high-pressure injection in little shearing aperture and to the needs of fuel through hot air infiltration prolongation distance, thereby evaporation, cracked fuel are so that combustion fuel.In addition, sparger disclosed herein can reach a plurality of injections that any moment that 2,200 ℃ (4,000 ° of F) or combustion zone surpass surplus air insulation envelope and arrive the zone of quenching stops fuel in peak combustion temperatures.Afterwards, can restart one or more other fuel and spray, produce with the merit of the expectation that realizes each operation cycle.In addition; Sparger disclosed herein can cut out a plurality of injections of fuel in any moment that peak combustion pressure reaches preset maximum value, damages and/or the free radicals avoiding being caused by pressure or unfavorable formation (for example various nitrogen oxide) of compound to avoid piston, connecting rod, bearing or bent axle caused.

Emission is the smooth operation of igniting and the combustion process adjusting ratio that helps running through much bigger fast, comprising to operating like the instantaneous cylinder that satisfies the required as many multiple cylinder engine of load request.For example, emission fast igniting comprise to operator requirement (or Ruiss Controll requirement) fast much many and effective responses to be used for the engine speed of torque or increase.This has further enlarged the advantage that the life-span is long and heat loss reduces of cylinder and ring, thereby aspect fuel efficiency and minimizing pollutant effulent and the minimizing maintenance cost huge improvement is being provided.

The pollutant effulent problematic source under this condition, can't obtain the catalysis trimming process of thermo-motor steady state operation in " suddenly stopping whipping " and " cold start-up " motor and catalytic reactor condition.But emission fast another advantage of igniting and combustion process is the waste gas that how cleans under whole engine temperatures (comprising for example cold engine or be in the motor of " suddenly stopping whipping ").Therefore, under these problematic conditions, start the operation cycle under the situation that can reduce in the cost of the startup energy required or eliminate to the requirement of starting motor or conventional engines.Each cylinder that is in power stroke is implemented emission, and igniting and combustion process provide startup under situation about not having the tradition needs of the relatively large power consumpiton that is used for ato unit fast.Traditional action need is used the crank ato unit, so that piston moves back and forth through aspirating stroke, thereby in gas handling system, produces vacuum.Fuel is added in the vacuum of gas handling system, and its purpose is to produce uniform homogeneous blend.Must carry out spark ignition to any part of uniform homogeneous blend; And crank is further rotated so that camshaft rotates, thereby the homogeneous supply more or less that in gas handling system, has produced along with hope is transferred to the firing chamber and INO and exhaust valve close closed operation are provided.The rotation of extra crank is used to compress uniform homogeneous blend more or less, and if the more crank rotation of the pressure that produces under the situation about realizing with respect to igniting at uniform homogeneous blend be used for supporting process of rework through the top dead center condition.What kind of the energy that no matter possibly stay in the combustion gas is, this energy may be used in power stroke, provide positive work to produce, to keep the startup of motor.

Similarly; Diesel oil compression ignition engine according to disclosure conversion all comprises emission igniting and combustion process fast in each cylinder, the cylinder that is in power stroke provides startup under situation about not having the conventional need of the relatively large power consumpiton that is used for ato unit.Traditional DENG compression ignition operation need be used the crank ato unit so that piston moves back and forth through aspirating stroke, thereby with air transfer in gas handling system; Crank is further rotated so that camshaft rotates, thereby along with the air from gas handling system is transferred to the firing chamber and INO and outlet valve closed procedure are provided; And the rotation of extra crank is used for air compression to adequate temperature; So that the diesel fuel evaporation and the cracking of spraying down at the high pressure that causes owing to more crank rotation, thereby hoping experiencing evaporates and the fuel of cracking process mixes with more hot airs along with it and produces igniting; And more crank rotation is used for supporting process of rework and providing which kind of energy can stay combustion gas through the top dead center condition, to realize that in power stroke enough positive works produce the startup of keeping motor.

Once more with reference to Figure 27 A, has extra reinforcing in instrument and signal cable 1504 intermediate section 1518 between can the attached or mechanical stroke retainer in spring compressor 1506 and fuel valve 1524.This reinforcing can comprise through driver 1515 and on mechanical stroke stop collar 1512, applies steering force, guarantees that so that sufficient tension force, fatigue and dielectric strength to be provided stable operation is to be used for very long working life.Be positioned at firing chamber instrument cable 1526 at the interface and can have following characteristic, for example mobile, temperature and pressure at the interface in the firing chamber of valve 1524.This instrument can also provide and the microprocessor 1539 that is positioned at sparger 1500 and/or be positioned to away from the outside of cabinet 1510 or be positioned at another microprocessor or the wireless telecommunications of computer 1540 on the outside of cabinet 1510.

Can handle with acceleration information dsc data (comprising infrared frequency, visible frequency and ultraviolet frequencies) and pressure, and transmit through the integrated of fiber transmission and/or that conduct electricity in radio node and the actuator 1518 from gaseous state, plasma and the solid state surface of firing chamber.For example, actuator 1518 can comprise suitable instrument (for example transducer) being used for and microprocessor 1539 communications, and/or pass the suitable seal part through cable 1504 and extend to long-range microprocessor or computer 1540.

Can utilize suitable energy conversion device or for example the combination of the device of photovoltaic, thermoelectricity, electromagnetism, electric and piezoelectric generator come for can power being provided with the sensor node that kilohertz is operated to the frequency of gigahertz.For example the system of TinyOS (at the free and open operation system and the platform based on source block that are used for wireless sensor network of U.C.Berkeley exploitation) can help these operations.Can utilize this favourable operation that relay, system's output and/or alarm take place to start afterwards and help in particular event that operates in.This comprises the incident that can be detected by the instrument in the spray nozzle part 1584, perhaps can be by pressure and the transducer of optical data and the incident of signal analyzer 1535 detections that possibly comprise through functional coupling or transparent insulator 1530 (perhaps passing the fiber or the path of insulator 1530) transmission.

These combinations help the machinery and the dielectric strength of the abundance of assembling part, so that can produce energetic plasma through the parts with very little size.It is especially helpful that multifunction valve is provided, thereby multifunction valve moves and causes plasma emission and forbid ash and the relict sediment fouling of relatively not refining and spend few fuel from operable.Can also this benefit be provided through the coordinated groups of Flow valve as herein described and safety check is incompatible; The synergistic combination of Flow valve and safety check provides the obstruction of the pressure that comes from burning, thereby and provides fuel control to eliminate under the fuel droplet in expected time not or drippage at the interface in the firing chamber.

Can provide the further advantage that is beneficial to the instrument processing through the reagent and the preferred heat signature (thermal signature) that move detection and combustion process description are provided to the fuel interpolation, to be used to control the purpose of combustion process and/or combustion peak temperature.In operation, this additive with small relatively amount as along be heated, ionization or deionization and be transferred with the miscible agent or the colloidal suspension of some given frequency emission photon.Transition metal that grind or that be activated through alternate manner can be stored and with combine by the carbon monoxide that heat absorption reaction provided according to fuel storage embodiment of the present disclosure; Perhaps form hydroxy compounds; Can utilize hydroxy compounds as another family's additive, to be used for radiation indicator as igniting and combustion process incident.In alternate ways, can prepare and store one or more selected transition metal hydroxy compounds (for example manganese or iron), select to be used for being added into continuously or aperiodically the fuel that is utilized.Illustrative ground, this a kind of or a plurality of additive that manganese, iron, nickel, boron, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium or silicon are provided of this organic or inorganic material normally have the agent of different discharging signatures (being used for this mobility and temperature or process rate purpose of description).Can this additive be provided continuously or aperiodically from storing fuel tank, move the transducer that detects with the igniting process of calibrating to temperature and various reactant and combustion process product.Detection and analytical system utilize this performance to confirm temperature (comprising the temperature of avoiding forming nitrogen oxide), combustion process step and combustion process speed.Can utilize these results to produce comprehensive record of the stored count (the for example minimizing of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particle emission) of fuel efficiency improvement and benefit.

Figure 28 shows the sparger 1600 according to another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.More specifically, Figure 28 is the cross-sectional side view of sparger 1600, and sparger 1600 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of the sparger of describing with reference to Figure 27 A 1500 and other sparger as herein described.Therefore, with not describing these similar characteristics of sparger 1600 with reference to Figure 28.But; In the embodiment shown in Figure 28; Ejector arrangements becomes to provide for following purpose at least some or most of conversion process of energy: 1) condition and the incident in the monitoring firing chamber; Move comprising temperature for example, combustion process, pressure, fluid (for example other, steam and liquid), and piston or rotor-position, speed and acceleration; 2) electronic transducer, processor, computer and controller are (for example; The processor of describing above with reference to Figure 27 A 1535 and 1539) operates in response to the condition that is monitored; Being used for optimizing adaptively startup that fuel sprays, completion that fuel sprays, regulating the delay between the startup that any continuous fuel sprays, and the selection of the igniting process of corresponding optimization and correct time; 3) activate and provide power to valve operator and the driver that power is applied on corresponding Flow valve and/or the safety check; And 4) activate and provide power to adaptive optimization ignition system function.

Can utilize the part of the energy that shifts through the temperature contrast between combustion process and the lower temperature (for example possibly be in or be lower than the entering fuel of ambient air temperature) to be provided for these purposes and produce to electronic controller or from the thermoelectricity of the power of the signal conduction of electronic controller or wireless telecommunications.For example, one or more devices (comprising selecting for example semiconductor heat electric generator 1620) can be carried by sparger 1600, to catch from the radiation of combustion process and to produce required high temperature.Can set up corresponding lower temperature through the fuel that flows through contact tube 1622.Can be from for example Perpetua Power Source Technologies; Inc.; 4314 SW Research Way, Corvallis, the source of Oregon 97333 (seeing for example http://www.perpetuapower.com/products.htm) obtains suitable thermal electric film and circuit.In addition, can obtain to be used for the wireless sensor node of these purposes from the source of for example Microchip, Atmel and Texas Instruments.

Power generator or generator according to another embodiment can comprise photocurrent generator 1625, and photocurrent generator 1625 can be positioned to proximity thermal electric generator 1620 or form whole with thermoelectric generator 1620.Therefore, photocurrent generator 1625 can be with radiation emitted changes into electric power from the firing chamber.Photocurrent generator 1625 can be further used for the instrument transducer, to be used for measuring temperature or other combustion performance and the incident of firing chamber.Can be through near transfer of heat to the fuel that the spray nozzle part through sparger 1600 flows fuel passage be come photocurrent generator 1625 is cooled off.In order to guarantee that transfer of heat is to the fuel that flows through spray nozzle part; The cold side of photocurrent generator 1625 and thermoelectric generator 1620 can be installed on the high conductivity material or combine with high conductivity material, for example with silver, copper, aluminium, beryllium oxide or the diamond of heat transfer to contact tube 1622.

Electret (electret) and electromagnetic generator that the power generation subtense angle involving vibrations of other that can combine with sparger 1600 drives.Can produce the bigger energy of magnitudes through one or more piezoelectric devices 1631 as the part of the insulator 1630 of sparger 1600.Can utilize piezoelectric device 1631 to be used to produce spark or plasma, to light the fuel that is ejected in the firing chamber.Like United States Patent(USP) No. 4,122,816 (mode through quoting in full is attached among this paper) are disclosed substantially, can utilize the spark that produces through this press process to trigger the discharge of high electric current plasma.As the integrated component of sparger 1600, through being retained in the relatively low material of the Young's modulus that is used for insulator 1630 selects, piezoelectric device 1631 can be mounted to the power that reception is applied by the incident in the firing chamber, thereby makes piezoelectric device 1631 mechanically stressed.

Therefore, piezoelectric device 1631 can be as pressure transducer and as generator.For example, along with by the compression of the compression in the firing chamber and/or firing pressure, it can transform the strain that is produced, thus initial as the place system of establishing by cable that can be connected to spark gap between Flow valve 1624 and the ignition Characteristics 1628.Along with occurring breakdown voltage in the gap, flashover appears in the spark gap.In the certain operations pattern, the puncture of this generation flashover can be excited by the additive of fuel, and the additive of fuel reduces breakdown voltage, makes that the correct time of this igniting is suitable with the fuel that passes through the gap.The additive that is used for the fuel of this purpose can comprise that selection is from mentioned above being used for along with being produced the additive of the radiation emission of expectation by heating fully, ionization and/or deionization.

In some applications, can be applied to serve the independent sparger of another cylinder through high voltage cable 1632 from the additional energy that produces owing to the power that applies of burning of piezoelectric device 1631.Can also supply with this additional energy for other purpose, for example drive piezoelectricity or solenoid valve operator, actuator and/or driver.In this application; The suitable circuit that is used to adapt to, store and switches energy can comprise as below with reference to shown in transformer, capacitor, diode and switch: about the application guide " PiezoelectricCeramics; Properties and Applications " (the J.W.Waanders work is issued in April, 1991 by N.V.Phillips) that is used for measuring force and pressure and dynamogenic piezoelectric sensor arrangement and Www.morganelectroceramics.com/pzbook.htmlIn the institute's information releasing, two references each all is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full.

Therefore, sparger 1600 shown in Figure 28 adaptive optimization correct time of can be in each operation cycle process providing the fuel in one or more continuous fuel injection event to carry for each cylinder of motor.Sparger 1600 can also provide the optimization correct time and the self adaption utilization of the ignition system of selecting from piezoelectricity, induction, capacitor discharge and plasma emission, and to the control of peak combustion temperatures.Shown sparger 1600 can be as only need so doing with suitable injection of independently adaptive optimization fuel and the ignition system that is connected of fuel source.In other embodiments, sparger 1600 can relate to other similar sparger to be operated, and improves performance comprising using interactive artificial-intelligent.Shown sparger 1600 can also be given one or more other spargers with power distribution; To be used for for example is the purpose that fuel control valve or instrument provide power; Thereby detected temperatures and pressure transducer are for ignition event provides power and/or operation microprocessor or computer.

In operation, embodiment's disclosed herein multiple combination makes it possible to utilize efficiently almost any fuel selection.Illustrative ground; Present embodiment can use the fuel that comprises the large molecular weight component (for example low cetane vegetables or animal tallow, cut, paraffin or vaseline) that can not be used to start cold engine usually to select; Thereby be easy to guarantee at first that through using the generation of cleaning exhaust gas starts cold engine, particularly comprise for example with reference to the described sparger 1500 of Figure 27 A by quick igniting of disclosed emission and combustion process (about being convenient to the capacitor discharge process) through sparger disclosed herein.Thereby the enough warm freezing mixture of engine producing and/or waste gas fluid with drive thermochemistry regenerative process as following equality 7 after the generation hydrogen with being summed up, the required energy of assurance clean burning significantly reduces and the igniting that can utilize the piezoelectric generator 1631 that comprises in the sparger 1600 of Figure 28 or thermoelectric generator 1620 to carry out significantly reduces the energy consumption that is used to light a fire.

HxCy+yH ₂O+ heat → yCO+{y+0.5 (x) } H ₂Equality 7

Similarly; Can, equality 8 utilize the partial oxidation of this hydrocarbon as summing up; With the sufficient hydrogen of generation in reaction product, thereby make it possible to guarantee igniting through the relatively low spark plasma of the energy that is produced by piezoelectric generator 1631 or thermoelectric generator 1620.

HxCy+0.5yO ₂→ heat+yCO+0.5 (x) H ₂Equality 8

Can for example utilize the heat that process produced of summing up in the endothermic process shown in the equality 7 through by equality 8.

Figure 29 is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 1700 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Shown embodiment comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of sparger mentioned above.For example, sparger 1700 is included in the intermediate portion 1703 that extends between base portion 1701 and the spray nozzle part 1705.Sparger 1700 also comprises pipe fitting 1704, and pipe fitting 1704 is also as solenoidal ferrod and comprise the insulation winding in the annular region 1710 of base portion 1701.Sparger 1700 also comprises magnetic circuit path 1708, and magnetic circuit path 1708 promotes driver 1714 with respect to stop collar 1716.Stop collar 1716 is attached to actuator 1718, and actuator 1718 also is attached to the Flow valve 1738 that is carried by spray nozzle part 1705.Along with driver 1714 makes actuator 1718 tensionings, actuator 1718 remains on operating position with Flow valve 1738.Be similar to other embodiment of sparger disclosed herein, one or more application that shown sparger 1700 is configured to suitable pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, piezoelectricity and/or electrochemical process owing to the actuating member that puts on sparger 1700 are used for fuel control, metering and ejection function.Therefore, sparger 1710 is applicable to the fuel type that utilizes wide interchangeably.In addition, sparger 1700 also is configured for regulating ratio widely and needing the motor of the torque curve of relatively flat to use with having.

In operation, management makes Flow valve 1738 closures through the electric current of winding 1710.More specifically, the electric current in the management winding 1710 promotes driver 1714 towards pole element 1704, thereby makes actuator 1718 tensionings.Flow valve 1738 can be opened through the tension force in the release actuator 1718 adaptively.When driver 1714 did not make actuator 1718 tensionings, biasing member 1722 can push away pole element 1704 with driver 1714.The example of suitable biasing member 1722 comprises the suitable selection of mechanical spring and annular permanent magnet or electromagnetic spring.Biasing member 1722 can be positioned at intermediate portion 1703 places of the sparger 1700 in driver 1714 downstream.When driver 1714 during, need compare when driver 1714 is in highest distance position with respect to pole element 1704 much lower solenoid force and come removable drive 1714 towards pole element 1704 biasing.

When driver 1714 during, can in coil winding 1710, apply voltage, to produce impulsive current according to selected " holding " frequency towards pole element 1704 biasing.When the electric current in each coil 1710 produces pulse, just produce counterelectromotive force (CEMF).Charging circuit 1705 (schematically illustrated) can apply CEMF and come to be capacitor 1712 (position shown in can being positioned at) charging.The various circuit that are used for this purpose all possibly be suitable.Circuit 1705 can be positioned on the surface of sparger 1700, sparger 1700 or other suitable position; And can comprise United States Patent(USP) No. 4 is provided; 122; One or more intergrated circuit of the suitable application of the disclosed principle of 816 and No.7,349,193 (each in two patents all is attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full).Output can be connected on the actuator 1718 conductive fiber or conductive coating (for clearly purpose is not shown) and/or realize through cable 1707.

Pass through microcontroller 1706 by the appropriate time of adaptive optimization in the fuel injection event of the oxygenant that becomes the firing chamber 1740; The voltage interruption and the CEMF that put on coil 1710 can put on capacitor 1712, and capacitor 1712 converts conveying to and is applicable to the electric current of optimizing the fuel ignition requirement adaptively.Notice like preceding text; These fuel eject requests can be confirmed through the firing chamber data being analyzed (comprising by the transducer that is positioned at 1736 places, interface, firing chamber, and/or by through can be incorporated into radio node or sensor 1709 of optical delivery or these data of conductive fiber transmission in the actuator 1718 and/or optics and the pressure information that controller 1706 obtains).

Cold fuel, cold engine, acceleration, warm motor cruise or stop and the application of pass through in; Adaptive optimization electric current (confirming the sufficiently high electric current of electric current [strength and the voltage of magnitude comprising self adaption) can be carried through aforesaid one or more suitable conductors, thereby causes the ionization between the conductive region at the sharp edges place of Flow valve 1738 and/or the conductive region at the sharp edges place of the pipe 1738 in zone 1725.Can as disclosed, use acoustic signal, power is provided to be used to one or more fuel injection outbursts.Therefore; The fuel that gets into the zone between this sharp conductive region is rapidly accelerated to the speed that surpasses the velocity of sound usually by ionization and along with ionization propellant composition and the unionized propellant composition blast that is pushed form oxygenant 1740 to accomplish combustion process very apace.

This new technology make the fuel of the very cold or low-grade combustion can have the rate of burning slower 7 to 12 times usually than hydrogen select near or surpass the speed of traditional hydrogen burning.Be applied under the situation of mixture of hydrogen or hydrogen and hydrocarbon burning even can accomplish quickly in this new technology.These advantages can be applied to very little motor; These very little motors can produce unexpected specific high rated power through being improved by the operating efficiency that reduces heat loss and the loss of doing over again provides, to improve brake mean-effective pressure (P) and to increase cycle frequency restriction (N).Therefore, shown in following equality 9, increase to be used for the heated engine operation through brake mean-effective pressure (P) and cycle frequency (N), power produces (HP) to be increased.

HP=PLAN equality 9

Wherein: HP is the power of transmission

L is a length of stroke

A is the BMEP application region

N is the frequency (for example RPM) that circulation is accomplished

New high tenacity dielectric material embodiment disclosed herein also makes various combinations that new process with various hydrocarbon that can long term storage can be through Engine-Generator-heat exchanger and should be used for providing heat and power; To be used for emergency rescue service and disaster relief purpose; Comprising refrigeration and ice making and pure and/or safe water and sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus, thereby support medical effort.Can heat low-vapor pressure and/or viscosity fuel material, producing the sufficient vapour tension and the viscosity of minimizing, accomplish layering or stratiform fast and supply with the fuel with high S/V of combustion process and spray and break out thereby flow fast and produce.Illustrative ground, bulk paraffin, compressed cellulose, stable animal or plant fat, tar, various polymer (comprising polyethylene, bottoms, underproof diesel oil and other long hydrocarbon alkane, aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkane) can be stored in the zone that is suitable for catastrophic reaction.These provide the illustrative fuel of long term storage advantage to select to be used for traditional fuel carburetting or ejecting system.But; Present embodiment heats this fuel; Comprising the hot coolant or the exhaust flow that are used to the heat engine (Figure 14) in heat exchanger 3436,3426; Producing sufficient temperature (for example being between about 150 ℃-425 ℃ (300 ° of F-800 ° of F)), direct injection being provided, thereby burn along with spraying to accomplish very fast with the plasma emission igniting through sparger disclosed herein.

In operation; This pre-warmed heating liquid fuel can perhaps cool off through the freezing mixture of the heat exchanger apparatus of flowing through through carrying out exchange heat with ambient air slightly; Hold the required power of this fuel to be used for the local embodiment who reduces vapour tension and therefore reduce sparger disclosed herein, thereby prevent the time drippage do not expected.According to through providing valve (safety check for example disclosed herein) to utilize special fuel, can realize the further assurance of protecting as required more than one.

But because the space that is used for integrated sparger/igniter entering firing chamber that can obtain is very little, therefore the high-speed diesel fuel engine design to very little motor and appearance has proposed a difficult problem.Especially for having the motor that the diameter of the injector nozzle portion 1705 that extends to the interface, firing chamber is had the very little entry port of restriction, can be optimized process operation.Heat dam or protection portion 1728 can provide extension required high machinery, fatigue and dielectric strength and need not to reinforce through metal sleeve at spray nozzle part 1705 places.The conduction that realizes near the metal alloy of the spray nozzle part 1705 that centers on insulator 1730 through motor can continue through conductive region 1734, and conductive region 1734 can perhaps forge metallic forms in place (therefore being attached to tubular insulator as shown in the figure 1730) by the suitable coat of metal, the soldering metal alloy point on the end of spray nozzle part 1730 and constitute.In these methods each can have the application of the spatial requirement that is used to satisfy various motors (comprising being in developing new engine design).

Shown in figure 29 and with reference to other embodiment's of the disclosure the sparger embodiment who utilizes space-saving characteristic and high speed operation ability can pass through various suitable devices (comprising axis anchor clamps or forked leaf spring (not shown), axis anchor clamps or forked leaf spring with unit firmly be locked in protection portion 1727 sentence make assembly be pressurized to the firing chamber with respect to the antelabium of motor port) be held in place.Therefore, protection characteristic 1727 can and further be provided for as heat dam making things convenient for characteristic with what unit firmly was held in place.Can utilize the various suitable Sealing that is used for the firing chamber, comprising for example compressible or elastic ring Sealing or conical taper compressive seal.

To utilize the fuel that is used for the firing chamber of very large motor according to sparger of the present disclosure to spray and/or igniting more than one; And expectation is placed on this sparger under the situation of strategic location of entry port that need be less relatively, can shown in Figure 30 A, construct by the fuel flow valve to sparger.More specifically, Figure 30 A is the cross section partial side view of sparger, wherein shows the flow control valve 1850 according to another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In one embodiment, shown Flow valve 1850 can use with the sparger of describing above with reference to Figure 29 1700, and/or use with other the embodiment of sparger as herein described.Shown in Figure 30 A, the part that the diameter of fuel control valve 1850 is bigger can remain closed with respect to valve seat 1852 through CA cable assembly or actuator 1818.Actuator 1818 can be attached (for example, bonding, curl etc.) to valve 1850.Suitable driver (for example, piezoelectricity or electromagnetic driver, driver 1714 for example shown in Figure 29) can tensioning and release actuator 1818 so that valve 1850 move.In addition, valve 1850 can be directed to or be constrained in the internal diameter of cage and advance non-directional.For example, electrode material can lead to valve 1850.In other embodiments, valve 1850 can also move along guide finger 1856, thereby for valve 1850 alignment is provided.

Fuel control valve 1850 can be processed by any suitable material; Comprising for example optical window material (for example fluoride glass composition, quartz, sapphire or component of polymer (comprising the various composite materials of these materials)); Infrared to be used to monitor, visible and Ultraviolet radiation, and pressure in the firing chamber and moving event.Fuel control valve 1850 can also be electroplated or handle through various materials, can be by the radiation limitations of the expectation of lens and guide finger 1850 receptions to produce.For example, valve 1850 can be coated with material, comprising sapphire, lithium fluoride, calcirm-fluoride or the ZBLAN fluoride glass (comprising the composite material of these materials) of for example due care, to carry and/or to filter some interested radiation frequency.

In operation; Tension force on cable or the actuator 1818 is reduced or is released into expected value, is perhaps received the fuel injection of power by suitable acoustic signal so that fuel flows through valve 1850 and produces completely stable one or many outburst mobile, institute's injected fuel.Through fuel pressure and/or make movement of valve 1850 outwards provide each circuit one or many fuel of firing chamber to spray through other power that can apply.Illustrated embodiment also comprises valve seat 1852, and valve seat 1852 can comprise permanent magnet and/or electromagnet.Valve 1850 comprises the contacting part 1854 in the face of seat 1852.The contacting part 1854 of valve 1850 can be ferromagnetic or constitute (the selection of the magnetic pole that this permanent magnet can be through the permanent magnet in the valve seat 1852 by permanent magnet; The magnetic pole that is perhaps produced by the operation of the electromagnet in the valve seat 1852 is ostracised), thus, outburst frequency and fuel produces the modification of expecting in spraying the characteristic of outburst.

In certain embodiments, can through by Flow valve 1850 and the sensor that carries/or guide finger 1856 detect and communication chamber performance and conditions.Can be transferred to corresponding communicator or fiber in the actuator 1818 through the sub-cable 1855 of deflection or through transmission medium (for example the gaseous state of packing space, liquid state, gel or elastic material) as required from optics, electricity and/or the magnetic signal of guide finger 1856, to be used for and suitable transducer and/or radio node communication.This makes compound eye or the suitable lens 1853 of other another kind of type of being carried by guide finger 1856 provides the expectation monitoring of the incident in the firing chamber and characterizes.Therefore, can pass through optic pin assembly 156 transmission information, comprising transmitting through window material or communication cable 1855.This information can also be received by the communicator in the valve 1,850 1855 through first igniting and the flow regulator that are carried by spray nozzle part or the groove 1858 or the opening 1858 that cover in 1880.Figure 30 B shows the plan view of the first lid 1880a and corresponding groove 1858 and opening 1857, and corresponding groove 1858 is configured to allow fuel outwards to flow with opening 1857 and the approach that is exposed to chamber conditions and performance is provided.Suitable transducer in the actuator 1818, wireless communication node and/or suitable photoconduction or electrode cable can carry out communication with this information and the controller that is positioned on the sparger, spray with ignition timing and operate to be used for self adaption fuel.

Figure 30 C is according to second igniting of embodiment's structure of the present disclosure and the plan view of fuel flow rate controlling device.The second lid 1880b comprises opening 1857, so that the path that gets into guide finger 1856 to be provided.The second lid 1880b further comprises groove 1859.With reference to lid 1880a and the 1880b of Figure 30 B and Figure 30 C, these lids can also be used for ignition event simultaneously.For example, can select to light a fire from

groove

1858,1858 and from the ionized air of annular region 1862 (being positioned between the sharp edges 1857 (Figure 30 B) or sharp edges 1864 (Figure 30 C) of antelabium 1860 and corresponding lid of entry port of engine cylinder cover) or the device that is used for hot surface, catalysis excitation, spark, plasma or high peak energies capacitive discharge plasma of ionization fuel-air mixture or ionization fuel from promoting.

Figure 31 is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 1960 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 1960 comprises some space-saving characteristics.For example, sparger 1960 comprises cable or actuator 1968, and actuator 1968 is attached to the Flow valve 1950 by the spray nozzle part carrying of sparger 1960.Sparger 1960 also comprises actuating assembly 1968, and actuating assembly 1968 is configured to make cable 1968 to move to activate Flow valve 1950.More specifically, actuating assembly 1959 also comprises the actuator 1962 (being represented by first to the 3rd actuator 1962a to 1962c respectively) that is configured to make cable 1968 displacements.Although Figure 31 shows three actuators 1962, in other embodiments, sparger 1960 can comprise single actuator 1962, two actuators 1962 or more than three actuator 1962.Actuator 1962 can be piezoelectricity, electromechanics, pneumatic, hydraulic pressure or other suitable power generation part.

Actuating assembly 1959 also comprises joint 1958 (being represented by the first joint 1958a and the second joint 1958b respectively); Joint 1958 functionally is attached to corresponding actuator 1962 and is attached to cable 1968, with promotion that cable 1968 is provided, pulling and/or push-and-pull displacement.Cable 1968 can axially be free to slide between joint 1958 along sparger 1960.According to another characteristic of actuating assembly 1959, first guide bearing 1976 at base portion 1901 places that the first end of cable 1968 can be through being positioned at sparger 1960.The first end of cable 1968 also functionally is attached to controller 1978, so that combustion data branch journey is passed to controller 1978, sprays and igniting process thereby make controller can control and optimize fuel adaptively.The second end of cable 1968 extends through the guide bearing 1970 at spray nozzle part 1902 places that are positioned at sparger 1960, so that cable 1968 aligns with Flow valve 1950.

In operation, actuator 1962 makes cable 1968 displacement, thereby makes cable 268B tensioning or discharge the mobile degree with the expectation that is used to carry out Flow valve 1950.More specifically, actuator 1962 makes joint make the direction superior displacement of cable 1968 at the longitudinal axis that is approximately perpendicular to sparger 1960.

Carry at the interface under the situation of relatively large plasma current outburst in the firing chamber through ionization fuel, air or fuel-air mixture in expectation, sparger 1960 can also comprise the capacitor 1974 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 1902 places.Capacitor 1974 can be columniform; To comprise many conductive layers, can perhaps can be the graphene layer that separates by suitable insulation body (for example from the insulator of table 1 selection and any prescription of for example selecting) for example by the conductive layer that suitable metal is selected to provide from table 2.Capacitor 1974 can be charged by relative less current through first insulated cable 1980, and first insulated cable 1980 can be attached to suitable power supply.Capacitor 1974 can also be much fast that ground fully discharge by higher relatively electric current through the second bigger cable 1982 that extends to contact tube or coating 1984 from capacitor 1974.Coating 1984 can comprise the sharp edges of expectation, to be used for ignition performance mentioned above and propagation.

Figure 32 is being used for fast and the cross-sectional side view of the sparger 2060 of the accurately actuating of control flows metered valve 2050 according to another embodiment structure of the present disclosure.Shown sparger 2060 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of other sparger disclosed herein.Shown in figure 32, sparger 2060 comprises actuator or the cable 2068 that is attached to Flow valve 2050.Sparger 2060 also comprises different actuation assembly 2070 (being represented by the first actuating assembly 2070a and the second actuating assembly 2070b respectively), to be used to that cable 2068 is moved along sparger 2060 axial (for example, on the direction of first arrow 2067).

The first actuating assembly 2070a (schematically illustrated) comprises and cable 2068 contacted power generation members 2071.Power generation member 2071 can be piezoelectricity, electromechanics, the qigong, hydraulic pressure or other suitable power generation part.When power generation member 2071 energising activated through alternate manner, power generation member 2071 the longitudinal shaft that is approximately perpendicular to sparger 2060 to direction on (for example, on the direction of second arrow 2065) move.Therefore, power generation member 2071 makes at least a portion displacement of cable 2068, thereby makes cable 2068 tensionings.When power generation member 2071 was no longer switched on or activated, cable 2068 no longer was in tensioning state.Therefore, the first actuating assembly 2070a can provide the very quick and accurate fuel from Flow valve 2050 to spray outburst 2003.

The second actuating assembly 2070b (schematically illustrated) comprises rack-and-pinion formula structure, to be used to that cable 2068 is moved axially in sparger 2060.More specifically, the second actuating assembly 2070b comprises tooth bar or the sleeve 2072 that is attached to cable 2068.Corresponding small gear or gear 2074 engage with sleeve 2072.In operation, the second actuating assembly 2072b moves the linearity that changes into sleeve 2072 with the rotation of gear 2074 and moves, and the linearity that is subsequently converted to cable moves.Therefore, the second actuating assembly 2070b can also provide the very quick and accurate fuel that sends from Flow valve 2050 to spray outburst 2003.

Figure 33 A is that cross-sectional side view and Figure 33 B according to the Flow valve of outwards opening 2150 of another embodiment structure of the present disclosure is its left view.Figure 34 A is that Figure 34 B is its left view, and Figure 34 C is its right elevation according to the cross-sectional side view of the valve seat 2270 of embodiment structure of the present disclosure.With reference to Figure 33 A to Figure 34 C, Flow valve 2150 is configured for controlling the flow fuel at the interface of firing chamber, and valve seat 2270 is configured to make valve 2150 in sparger, to align simultaneously.In the embodiment shown, valve 2150 comprises the elongated first end 2153 relative with flange the second end 2152.First end 2153 comprises chamber 2156, and chamber 2156 can be attached to cable or the actuator of describing in detail like preceding text.The second end 2152 comprises first contact surface 2154.

Valve seat 2270 comprises the first end 2273 relative with the second end 2271.First end 2273 comprises a plurality of passages or path 2276, and a plurality of passages or path 2276 are configured to allow fuel and/or instrument through valve seat 2270.Single path or hole 2272 in the second end 2271 of passage and valve seat 2270 combine.The second end 2271 also comprises second contact surface 2274.Valve seat 2270 is configured to accommodate at least in part first end 2153.More specifically, central passage or path 2276 can be accommodated the first end 2153 of valve 2150.When valve 2250 was positioned at the operating position in the valve seat 2270, first contact surface 2154 of valve 2270 contacted with second contact surface 2274 of valve seat 2270 or engages, and flowed betwixt to prevent fuel.In certain embodiments, the surface of valve 2150 and/or valve seat 2270 can be configured to influence and flow through these surperficial fuel.For example, these parts can comprise sharp edges, and sharp edges causes the unexpected gasification of fuel as indicated above.In addition, these parts can have to have influences groove or the pattern (for example helical groove) that fuel flows, thereby the vortex that for example causes institute's injected fuel moves.Although the embodiment shown in Figure 34 A to Figure 34 C shows a kind of structure of Flow valve and corresponding valve seat 2270, those skilled in the art will appreciate that structure and characteristic that other valve and valve seat can comprise other.

Figure 35 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 2300 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 2300 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of sparger mentioned above.For example, sparger 2300 is included in the intermediate portion 2304 that extends between base portion 2302 and the spray nozzle part 2306.Spray nozzle part 2306 extends to firing chamber 2301 through engine cylinder cover 2303.Sparger 2300 also comprises dielectric insulator 2340.

According to a characteristic of illustrated embodiment, dielectric insulator 2340 comprises that two or more have the part of different dielectric intensity.For example, insulator 2340 can comprise first dielectric section 2342 at intermediate portion 2304 places that are positioned at sparger 2300 substantially, and second dielectric section 2344 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 2306 places of sparger 2300 substantially.In certain embodiments; Second dielectric section 2344 can be constructed with compares the higher dielectric strength of first dielectric section 2342; To be used to bear abominable combustion condition (for example, pressure, heat and mechanical shock, fouling etc.) and to prevent the degeneration of insulator 2340 near the spray nozzle part 2306 of firing chamber 2301.In certain embodiments, these dielectric section can be processed by different materials.But in other embodiments, second dielectric section 2344 can be by processing with first dielectric section, 2342 identical materials.But, can seal or through otherwise processed second dielectric section 2344, with the dielectric strength that increases by second dielectric section 2344 (for example, through as the outer surface of preceding text explanation in compressive load).First dielectric section 2342 and second dielectric section 2344 can by mentioned earlier any dielectric material and/or process be processed, comprising listed material in the table 1 for example.

According to another aspect of illustrated embodiment, second dielectric section 2344 is not that whole process extends to and firing chamber 2301 interfaces along spray nozzle part 2306.Therefore, spray nozzle part 2306 comprises the gap 2370 between the conductive part 2388 of engine body 2303 and sparger 2300, and gap 2370 gives spray nozzle part 2306 to be used for igniting voltage transmission.Gap 2307 in this spray nozzle part 2306 provides the space that is used for capacitor discharge, to be used for the plasma generation from spray nozzle part 2306.This discharge can remove or prevent at least in part that protection (for example, oil) from depositing on second dielectric section 2344, thereby avoids the tracking of insulator 2340 or the degeneration of other type.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, sparger 2300 can further comprise second safety check 2330 and Boilor check valve seat 2332 of the base portion 2302 that is positioned at sparger 2300.In certain embodiments, safety check 2330 can comprise the magnetic portion (for example, permanent magnet) that attracts each other with Boilor check valve seat 2332.In operation, the power (for example, overcoming electromagnetic force or other suitable power of the attraction force of Boilor check valve seat 2332) that puts on safety check 2330 makes safety check 2330 move away from Boilor check valve seat 2332, thereby allows fuel to flow through sparger 2300.Only if because power puts on safety check 2330, safety check 2330 all can remain on operating position, if therefore power loss, then safety check 2330 can prevent that fuel from flowing into or leaking in the sparger 2330.

Figure 35 B is a plan view, wherein shows the embodiment of the Flow valve 2350 at the spray nozzle part that is positioned at sparger 2,300 2306 places shown in Figure 35 A.Shown in Figure 35 B, valve 2350 can comprise a plurality of grooves 2358 and/or opening 2357, to allow and/or influence flow fuel thus.These grooves 2358 can also allow sparger 2300 through valve 2350 sensing chamber performance and conditions with opening 2357.In addition, valve 2350 can be processed by the material of partially transparent at least, and for example quartz or sapphire are so that can monitor chamber performance and condition.

Figure 36 A is the cross section partial side view according to the spray nozzle part 2402 of the sparger 2400 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown, sparger 2400 comprises joint 2442, and joint 2442 is attached to first-class metered valve 2450 with cable or actuator 2440.First valve 2450 is Flow valves of inwardly opening, and first valve 2450 is settled with respect to valve seat 2452 when first valve is in the close position.Spray nozzle part 2402 comprises that also second safety check, 2460, the second safety check 2460 settle with respect to valve seat 2452 when second valve 2460 is in the close position.Therefore, spray nozzle part comprises first closed valve 2450 and the intermediate volume 2456 between second valve 2460.Spray nozzle part 2402 also comprises igniting and flow regulator or covers 2470.In certain embodiments, spray nozzle part 2402 can also comprise one or more bias components, and one or more bias components are configured to valve is transferred in row control to be used for the injection of fuel.These bias components can comprise for example spring (for example mechanical spring) and/or magnet (comprising permanent magnet).More specifically; First valve can comprise that the first magnetic portion 2451 and second valve 2460 can comprise that in 2463, the first magnetic portions 2451 of the second magnetic portion and the second magnetic portion 2463 each can both be attracted towards corresponding the 3rd magnetic portion 2454 of valve seat 2452 or setover.In addition, lid 2470 can also comprise the 4th magnetic portion 2472.But the 4th magnetic portion 2472 relatively perhaps is biased away from valve seat 2460 through alternate manner with valve seat 2460.For example, valve seat 2460 can comprise that 2462, the five magnetic portions 2462 of the 5th magnetic portion are biased away from 2470 the 4th magnetic portion 2472 of covering.Therefore, these offset can help valve is remained on its operating position.Through providing restoring force to make these valves get back to its operating position more quickly at least in part, these offset can further improve valve and activate.Shown in the parts (for example, actuator 2440, first valve 2450, valve seat 2452, second valve 2460 and/or cover 2470) of spray nozzle part can comprise that various sensors and/or instrument are to be used for monitoring and communication chamber conditions and/or performance.

In operation, thus actuator 2440 being moved on by the direction of arrow 2439 expression make the valve 2450 of winning move away valve seat 2452 opens first valve 2450.Open first valve 2450 and allow fuel to flow, thereby get into intermediate volume 2456 along the first fuel path 2444a.Along with fuel gets into intermediate volume 2456, the pressure of fuel is opened second safety check 2460, makes fuel to leave intermediate volume 2456 along the second fuel path 2444b.Subsequently, fuel can flow to surpass and cover 2470, thereby is injected in the firing chamber.When actuator 2440 was got back to its initial position, first valve 2450 stopped thereby fuel is flowed with respect to valve seat 2452 closures.Along with the pressure in intermediate and 2456 descends, second valve 2460 is with respect to valve seat 2452 closures, thereby prevents the drippage from any fuel of spray nozzle part 2402.Therefore, the fast actuating of actuator 2440 can be realized the accurate fuel outburst from spray nozzle part 2402.

Figure 36 B is the plan view of the sparger of Figure 36 A, wherein shows the igniting and the flow regulator of constructing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure or covers 2470.Shown lid 2470 comprises groove 2474, flows and the firing chamber monitoring with the fuel that is used for describing in detail like preceding text.In addition, lid 2474 can comprise a plurality of circumferential isolated ignition part 2476, so that through the engine cylinder cover igniting.

Figure 37 is the cross-sectional schematic side view according to the system 2500 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown; System 2500 comprises integrated fuel injector/igniter 2502 (for example, according to any embodiment of the present disclosure sparger), firing chamber 2506, one or more not throttling air flow valve 2510 (being represented by the first valve 2510a and the second valve 2510b respectively) and energy conversion device or piston 2504.Describe in detail like preceding text, sparger 2502 is configured to the stratiform of fuel 2520 or layering supplied with and is ejected in the firing chamber 2506.According to an aspect of illustrated embodiment, system 2500 is configured in abundant or excessive oxygenant 2530 (for example air), spray and fire fuel 2520.More specifically, system 2500 is configured such that valve 2510 made maintenance external pressure or even positive pressure in the firing chamber 2506 before combustion incident.For example, system 2500 can be in not throttling or does not hinder through alternate manner under the situation in the air inflow firing chamber and operate, and makes before fire fuel 2520, can not produce vacuum in the firing chamber 2506.Because external pressure or positive pressure in the firing chamber 2506, excess oxide has formed the insulation barrier 2530 (for example, cylinder wall, piston, engine cylinder cover etc.) on the surface of contiguous firing chamber.

In operation, sparger 2502 is ejected into stratiform or layered fuel 2520 in the firing chamber 2506 under having the situation of excessive oxidant.In certain embodiments, can be in or spray with through top dead center position the time at piston 2504.But in other embodiments, sparger 2502 can arrive top dead center burner oil 2520 before at piston 2504.Because being configured to ground as indicated above self adaption, sparger 2502 (for example sprays stratiform supply 2520; Through spraying the quick multilayer outburst between the ignition event that realizes by the unexpected gasification of fuel, plasma emission fuel, cold excessively etc.), so fuel 2520 is configured to igniting and perfect combustion fast under the situation of the insulation barrier with oxygenant 2530.Therefore, the wall of insulation barrier 2530 protection firing chambers 2506 does not receive the influence of the heat that fuel 2520 discharges when fuel 2520 igniting, thus avoided heat dissipation to the firing chamber 2506 wall.Therefore, thereby the heat that is discharged by the rapid combustion of fuel 2520 is converted into merit driven plunger 2504, thereby rather than is transformed and scatter and disappear in combustor surface.In addition; At sparger 2502 in piston 2504 embodiment through injection and/or fire fuel after the top dead center; All energy that discharged by the rapid combustion of fuel 2520 all are converted into merit and come driven plunger 2504; And have no because the loss of doing over again and causing, because piston has been in or has surpassed top dead center.But in other embodiments, sparger 2520 can be in top dead center burner oil before at piston 2504.

Figure 38 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 3800 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 3800 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of the sparger of describing above with reference to Fig. 1 to Figure 37.For example, sparger 3800 comprises first one or the base portion 3802 relative with second one or spray nozzle part 3804.Sparger 3800 also is included in sleeve or the body 3808 that extends between base portion 3802 and the spray nozzle part 3804.Body 3808 holds through the dielectric section of sparger 3800 longitudinal extensions or dielectric plastid insulator 3810.Hereinafter is to describing in detail about the material of body insulator 3810 and/or the further details of formation.Body insulator 3810 comprises the conductor openings 3812 of extending through vertical and middle heart wherein.Conductor openings 3812 is configured to allow electrode or electric conductor 3814 to extend to base portion 3802 through sparger 3800 from spray nozzle part 3804.For example, conductor 3814 can be attached to energy source (for example voltage source), with one or more electrodes or ignition Characteristics 3816 to the nozzle tip that is positioned at spray nozzle part 3804 ignition energy is provided.Conductor 3814 can also comprise through the wherein one or more optical monitoring fibers or the characteristic 3818 of longitudinal extension.Optical monitoring characteristic 3818 is configured to detect or through alternate manner sensing chamber performance and will be referred to these properties data and transfer to controller or processor.

Base portion 3802 also comprises dielectric base portion insulator 3807, and dielectric base portion insulator 3807 is configured to hold the HV that is supplied to base portion 3802 through conductor 3814.For example, base portion insulator 3807 can carry out the dielectric edge of drawing last breath to the receiver 3809 of accommodating conductor 3814 in the base portion 3802.Can or further seal with respect to ferromagnetic forcer housing or 3820 pairs of base portion insulators 3807 of shell through forging, soldering, welding or adhesives (for example epoxy resin) through any other suitable encapsulating method or compound.When being desirably under the situation of production line soldering or welding that 3813 pairs of forcer shells of contact area 3820 carry out base portion insulator 3807, mask that can be through cupric oxide and/or silver oxide or the local hydrogen through alternate manner reduce makes contact area 3813 metallization.Alternatively, can electroplate contact area 3813 through other suitable technique, comprising for example sputter or vapor deposition.

According to the further feature of illustrated embodiment, base portion 3802 comprises the forcer 3806 that is positioned at forcer shell 3820 (for example, suitable pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, o, piezoelectric part etc.).Shell 3820 comprises the fuel inlet 3822 that is connected in fuel coupling 3826, so that fuel is received the shell 3820 from fuel source.Shell 3820 also comprises fuel outlet 3824, leaves shell 3820 to allow fuel through valve assembly 3828, and valve assembly 3828 is shown in greater detail among Figure 38 B.

More specifically, Figure 38 B is the amplification detailed view of the valve assembly 3828 of sparger 3800.With reference to Figure 38 A and Figure 38 B, forcer fuel outlet 3824 allows fuel to flow into the valve pocket 3830 from forcer shell 3820 simultaneously.Valve pocket 3830 surrounds can be in response to from the induced force of forcer 3806 and mobile Flow valve 3832 (for example ferromagnetic valve).Valve 3832 also comprises the one or more valve fuel passage 3834 that extend through valve 3832.Valve fuel passage 3834 is configured to allow fuel to flow through valve 3832, leaves valve pocket 3830 thereby leave path 3836 through fuel.In the embodiment shown, valve fuel passage 3834 extends through valve 3832 with the tilt angle (be substantially equal to fuel at least and leave the tilt angle of path with respect to the longitudinal axis of sparger 3800) with respect to the longitudinal axis of sparger 3800.But in other embodiments, valve fuel passage 3834 is left path 3836 with fuel and can be extended with other angle with respect to longitudinal axis.Fuel leaves path 3836 and further is attached between body 3808 and insulator 3810 the one or more insulator fuel flow channels 3840 along insulator 3810 longitudinal extensions.Hereinafter is described in detail the further feature of insulator fuel channel 3840.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, valve assembly 3828 also comprises attraction or makes valve 3832 be biased to the magnetic-attraction element 3838 (for example, magnet, permanent magnet etc.) of primary importance or operating position through alternate manner.Valve assembly 3832 can also randomly comprise the biasing member 3839 (for example, spring, spiral compression spring etc. schematically are shown in Figure 38 B) that promotes valve 3832 towards operating position.

In the operating process of valve assembly 3828, forcer 3806 generation power are so that valve 3832 moves between operating position and the second place or open position fast and repeatedly.For example, in the embodiment shown, valve 3832 is shown and is in the close position, and makes valve 3832 prevent that fuel from leaving path 3836 through fuel and leaving fuel cavity 3830.Along with valve 3832 is opened through moving towards base portion 3802, the fuel in the fuel cavity 3830 can flow around valve 3832 and perhaps pass through valve 3832 via valve fuel passage 3834.After passing through valve fuel passage 3834, fuel can leave path 3836 through fuel and leave fuel cavity 3830, thereby is transferred to spray nozzle part 3804 through insulator fuel channel 3840.

The application that is used for the valve 3832 that is positioned at base portion 3802 places is activated at solenoid force generator 3806 assemblies (for example; Be not piezoelectricity, pneumatic, hydraulic pressure or mechanical linkage) in, solenoid force generator 3806 can cause operating extremely fast of ferromagnetic valve 3832 to 240VDC through applying 24VDC to the insulation winding.This serves according to operator scheme and produces the purpose of unexpected high electric current and valve actuation force in about short time of 3% to 21% of work cycle, perhaps therefore makes because transfer of heat to the fuel that flows through forcer 3806 and can the parts of forcer 3806 being cooled off.

With reference to Figure 38 A, insulator fuel channel 3840 passes through insulator 3800 along the outer surface longitudinal extension of insulator 3810 once more.Therefore, the insulator fuel channel helps fuel and between insulator 3810 and body 3808, flows through sparger 3800.Sparger 3800 also comprises deformable or the resilient sleeve valve 3842 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 3804.More specifically, telescoping valve 3842 coaxially is arranged on the insulator 3810, thereby between insulator 3810 and body 3808.At spray nozzle part 3804 places, body 3808 is configured to extend the Sealing 3844 (for example, O type ring or similarly Sealing) in the port of firing chamber.But telescoping valve 3842 extends beyond Sealing 3844 towards the firing chamber.As described in detail below, resilient sleeve valve 3842 is as allowing fuel responsive sufficient hydraulic pressure or pressure gradient and leave the deformable elongated valve of spray nozzle part 3804 in sparger 3800.For example, insulator fuel channel 3840 is along with insulator fuel channel 3840 is tapered or becomes littler through alternate manner along insulator 3810 near spray nozzle part 3804.Therefore; Insulator fuel channel 3840 is delivered to spray nozzle part 3804 with fuel; But telescoping valve 3842 is with respect to insulator 3810 sealings; To prevent that fuel from spraying, produce sufficient pressure gradient up to valve assembly 3828 at the upper reaches of telescoping valve 3842, be used for burner oil thereby telescoping valve 3842 is out of shape at least in part and produces annular opening around insulator 3810.Therefore, insulator 3810 and some other spargers as herein described provide the advantage that has more than one fuel flow rate control.For example, in the embodiment shown, valve assembly 3828 provides first or the primary fuel flow control in response to actuation force, and telescoping valve 3842 provides (for example, hydraulic pressure) the secondary flow control in response to the fuel pressure in the sparger 3800.

In certain embodiments, telescoping valve 3842 can be processed by suitable high-strength polymer (for example polyamide-imides (Torlon) perhaps has the same with thermosetting compound material that Kapton, glass fibre and/or graphite are strengthened).In other embodiments, telescoping valve 3842 can be metal and process by aluminium, titanium, alloyed steel or other suitable metallic material.In addition; Port sealing spare 3844 can be by elastic material (for example; FKM, fluorine rubber and/or fluorosioloxane rubber elastomer) process, with respect to the gas that is produced in the firing chamber and/or at spray nozzle part 3804 places body 3808 is sealed with respect to engine lubricant.

Figure 38 C to Figure 38 E is that sparger 3800 is positioned at along a series of cross-sectional side views at all places place of insulator 3810.More specifically, Figure 38 C is the basic cross-sectional side view of the sparger 3800 of the line 38C-38C intercepting of 38A along the line.Shown in Figure 38 C, along the position of insulator 3810 near base portion 3802, insulator fuel channel 3840 is relatively large with reference to insulator 3810 at this.For example, insulator fuel channel 3840 forms roughly recessed or arc recess in the outer surface of the internal surface of the contiguous body 3808 of insulator 3810.But in other embodiments, insulator fuel channel 3840 can have other cross-sectional profile or shape, comprising for example bending, straight line and/or other shape.Although shown embodiment comprises six insulator fuel channels 3840, in other embodiments, insulator 3810 can comprise the insulator fuel channel 3840 greater or less than six.According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, conductor 3814 extends through the conductor openings 3812 in the insulator 3810.In addition, optical monitoring fiber or characteristic 3818 longitudinal extensions are through conductor 3814.

Next with reference to Figure 38 D, Figure 38 D is along basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 38D-38D intercepting of Figure 38 A.In this roughly midway along insulator 3810, insulator fuel channel 3840 reduces or is tapered, with in insulator 3810 and the internal surface of contiguous body 3808 form less relatively recess or passage.For example, the size of the independent insulator fuel channel 3840 shown in the comparison diagram 38C, insulator passage 3840 independent among Figure 38 D is less and relative to each other spaced apart.

Next with reference to Figure 38 E, Figure 38 E is basically along the cross-sectional side view of the line 3E-3E intercepting at spray nozzle part 3804 places of the sparger 3800 of Figure 38 A.In this position along sparger 3810, the insulator fuel channel no longer exists or compares along insulator 3810 and significantly reduces near other position of base portion 3802 or be tapered.In addition, in this position along insulator 3810, resilient sleeve 3842 is coaxially arranged and is sealed around insulator (for example, between insulator 3810 and body 3808).Therefore, once more with reference to Figure 38 A, insulator passage 3840 is along with it extends and be tapered or reduce towards spray nozzle part 3804 along insulator 3810.At spray nozzle part 3804 places near the firing chamber, resilient sleeve valve 3842 is usually around insulator 3810 closed and sealings.

In operating process, the valve assembly 3828 of fuel from base portion 3802 is transported to insulator fuel channel 3840.The pressurization of fuel in insulator fuel channel 3840 expanded or distortion the telescoping valve 3842 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 3804 places, therefore produces annular opening around insulator 3810, to inject fuel in the firing chamber.After fuel injection event, the pressure in the insulator passage 3840 descends, and gets back to the position of common closure or sealing with respect to the columnar portion of insulator to allow telescoping valve 3842.

According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, provide in portion's section of dielectric plastid insulator thickness of 1.8mm (0.071 ") between less than the outer surface of electric conductor 3814 and insulator 3810 be in direct current to hertz frequency greater than 80,000 dielectric protection.Thereby between the electrode of ignition Characteristics 3816 and engine cylinder cover hole, set up under the situation of ionic current or ion oscillation applying high-frequency voltage, can copper or silver conductive layer be put on the outer surface of electrode 3814.Can also increase conductive layer through extra plating, so that bigger high-frequency electrical conductance to be provided.But, in alternative, can the litz wire braiding be placed on the top of the monitoring feature 3818 (for example, optical fiber) in conductor 3814 cores, to reduce resistance loss.

Body insulator 3810 and/or base portion insulator 3807 can be processed by glass material, and this glass material has following suitable composition according to the weight percentage in the prescription 1.These Jie's electro insulating materials can be at suitable crucible (for example; Platinum, silica, magnesia or alumina material are selected) in carry out ball milling, thawing, and extruding, compre sion molding or be cast into and be applicable to heating again and form quality and shape near clean shape and size.Prescription 1 for example can comprise: SiO ₂24-48%; MgO 12-28%; Al ₂O ₃9-20%; Cr ₂O ₃0.5-6.5%; F 1-9%; BaO 0-14%; CuO 0-5%; SrO 0-11%; Ag2O 0-3.5%; NiO 0-1.5% and B2O3 0-9%.In another embodiment, when material when melting in the platinum, aluminium oxide, magnesia or the silicon oxide crucibles that are covering under the temperature between 1350 ℃ and 1550 ℃ at least roughly, can use alternative suitable composition according to the mass percent in the prescription 2.Prescription 2 for example can comprise: SiO ₂31%; MgO 22%; Al ₂O ₃17%; Cr ₂O ₃2.2%; F 4.5%; BaO 13%; CuO 0.4%; SrO 9.5%; Ag ₂O 0.3% and NiO 0.1%.

Can be by the melted material of thermosetting or the cooling material extruding formation tubulose section of these insulating material under the temperature between about 1050 ℃ to 1200 ℃.Can slowly cool off such quality: the casting of this quality is provided for hot extrusion and forms tubular or volume that other section is required or be used to forge the parts near clean shape and size.This mass is heated to suitable temperature; Be used for for example between about 1050 ℃ to 1250 ℃ thermosetting and the section shape through being squeezed into expectation and size form, and can pass through the for example suitable mould manufacturing of refractory material (for example platinum, molybdenum or graphite).The extruding section can pass through one or more suitable host crystal (for example, BN, B2O ₃, AlF ₃, B, AlB ₂, AlB ₁₂Or AlN) dedusting is compared the bigger lenslet of quantity in the center region in the surface area that generates, to produce, and has therefore reduced the volume charging efficiency, thereby compressive stress is provided in surface area and tensile stress is provided in the center region.In addition, if necessary, can produce further developing of this compressive stress through elongating crystal in the skin, elongating crystal is to be caused by distortion and resistance that mould causes through forming small cross section along with extruded article is compelled.In other embodiments, can for example pass through the suitable host crystal (for example, B ₂O ₃Or BN) more complicated shape and the form of compre sion molding or formation in the refractory alloy of dedusting or the black lead mould assembly is to produce similar compressive stress in the nigh surface area.

Chemical formula and heat treated combination have been expected in traditional application, to produce machinable insulating material.But the disclosure has realized opposite effect.For example; Embodiment of the present disclosure has finally produced maybe be because surface area really up to the mark can't the cutting and the goods that can not cut, and it is characterized in that being had between the zone of compressive stress or the center section in contiguous zone with compressive stress in the compressive stress of tensile stress balance.Therefore, this embodiment can overcome intrinsic traditional material problem (generation is designed to deliberately make the material near the regional breakdown of cutting tool stress application), thereby makes it possible to form advanced chip, so that machinability to be provided.Allow machinability although this distinctive crack forms, it allows material to get into insulating material unfriendly equally inherently, and for example organic compound (comprising engine lubricant, surface active agent, on hand grease, sweat etc.) gets into this crack.This organic material can finally tend to dehydrogenation or become the carbon donor through alternate manner; The carbon donor then becomes conductive path subsequently; The various electrolyte that import in this crack can be failed thereby finally cause voltage to protect along the dielectric strength of the compromise machinable ceramic goods of this conductive path.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, can be used in according to another suitable composition of the weight percentage of prescription in 3 and to form body insulator 3810 and/or base portion insulator 3807.For example, prescription 3 can have following suitable weight percentage: SiO ₂30%, MgO 22%, Al ₂O ₃18%, Cr ₂O ₃3.2%, F 4.3%, BaO 12%, SrO 3.6%, CuO 4.9%, Ag ₂O 1.3% and NiO 0.1%.In certain embodiments, after the insulator pipe is extruded, thereby the insulator pipe flows through the hole to have reduced cupric oxide and/or silver oxide and produce the metal surface of copper and/or the alloy of silver and copper is cooled to about 650 ℃ through hydrogen.After the conducting metal that produces suitable thickness; Can heat the outer surface of managing through suitable source the radiation of induction heating pipe (for example from) or through oxidizing flame (for example excess oxygen hydrogen flame); And can execute suitable crystallization of cloth (administered) and/or fineness agent to the surface, be insulated the compressive stress of the equalization of strain in the zone in the inside of pipe with generation.

In the embodiment who comprises the forcer 3806 with solenoid winding, the suitable insulation that is used for the copper magnet wire of this application can comprise polyimide varnish and aluminium coat on the copper cash.Can carry out oxidation or partial oxidation to produce aluminium oxide to aluminium coat.This aluminium coat and oxidation can also be used with polyimide or polyamide-imides and/or the combination of Parylene insulation film.Therefore, the ferromagnetic parts of base portion 3802 can guide the magnetic flux that is produced by the winding in the forcer 3806 through ferromagnetic valve 3832, so that valve 3832 can move very fast.

Figure 38 F is basically along the line 38F-38F intercepting of Figure 38 A and according to the embodiment's of the forcer 3806 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure cross-sectional side view.In the embodiment shown in Figure 38 F, forcer 3806 comprises a plurality of independent forcers or valve operator 3850 (schematically illustrated and represented by first to fourth valve operator 3850a-3850d respectively).Each valve operator 3850 all is configured to optionally corresponding valve in the actuated valve package 3828, and for example valve 3832.Therefore, in the embodiment of the forcer 3806 that comprises Figure 38 F with four valve operators 3850, valve assembly will comprise four corresponding Flow valves.In the embodiment shown, forcer 3806 also comprises the fuel flow field that holds each valve in the valve operator 3850 or distinguishes 3852.Fuel flow region 3852 is configured to allow fuel to flow through each valve operator in the valve operator 3850 and therefore cools off valve operator 3850 at least in part.This structure provides the cooling surface and the relatively large benefit of volume ratio of forcer 3806.

In certain embodiments, valve operator 3850 can be configured to open simultaneously or open in the time different or that separate.For example; Single valve operator 3850 can be used in the fuel that allows under first engine operating condition (for example zero load or lower-wattage operation) and flows; Two valve operators 3850 can be used for second engine operating condition (for example cruising power or mid power operation) simultaneously, and three, four or a plurality of valve operator 3850 can be used for trimotor operation (for example quickening or the full power operation) simultaneously.

The sparger of describing above with reference to Figure 38 A to Figure 38 F 3800 and the various characteristics of corresponding part are compared traditional fuel injector provides some benefits.For example, the firing chamber of modern diesel engines is usually designed to and has the very little port of diameter to be used for being coupled to complicacy and inlet that crowds very much and the direct fuel injector of " pencil " formula in the outlet valve operating device.The port diameter that typically is used to get into the diesel fuel injectors of firing chamber is limited in about 8.4mm (0.331 ").Except this serious spatial limitation; Constantly splash in the engine cylinder cover environment of hot lubricant oil in valve gap; Thereby fuel injector assembly is heated to greater than 115 ℃ (240 ° of F) being used for most millions of miles life requirements, thereby has therefore forbidden the application of traditional air cooling solenoid valve design.

Expectation overcomes the DENG performance constraint in the ignition by compression and requirement and the strict demand that is used to eliminate particulate and water of use with diesel fuel of narrow cetane number and viscosity.The potentiality that exist the fuel more have much little alternative cost to select.Therefore, an embodiment's of the present disclosure purpose is to utilize the less fuel of cost of the wide variations with cetane and/or octane value, and the impurity of water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and various particulates for example.Traditional ethanol plant of for example, producing anhydrous alcohol (must separate with on-fuel compound (for example fermentation common product--water and carbon dioxide)) now can make the twice of output of usable fuel (the for example mixture of ethanol, water and methyl alcohol or butanols) many.

Sparger 3800 can overcome aforementioned difficulties in the following manner with other sparger as herein described: provide and make it possible at least: 1) reach the fuel fluid ability bigger 3000 times than diesel fuel injectors; So that can utilize low-cost fuel; For example landfill gas, anaerobic digestion methane; And the various mixtures of hydrogen and other fuel type, and a large amount of on-fuel material (for example water vapour, carbon dioxide and nitrogen); 2) this fuel along with the plasma igniting that is launched in the firing chamber; And 3) when adjustment, substitute diesel fuel injectors.

Figure 39 is the cross-sectional view according to the sparger 3900 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 3900 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of the sparger of describing above with reference to Figure 38 A to Figure 38 F 3800 and other sparger as herein described.For example, sparger shown in Figure 39 comprises the base portion 3802 relative with spray nozzle part 3804.Base portion 3802 comprises forcer 3806 and corresponding valve assembly 3828, and spray nozzle part comprises the resilient sleeve valve 3842 of the top of a part that coaxially is arranged in dielectric plastid insulator 3810.In addition, the conductor openings in the body insulator 3,810 3812 allows electrode or electric conductor 3814 to extend to base portion 3802 through sparger 3900 from spray nozzle part 3804.

Conductor 3814 also comprises vertically one or more optical monitoring fibers or the characteristic 3918 through wherein extending.Optical fiber 3918 is configured to monitor or pass through the chamber performance that alternate manner detects the spray nozzle part place.But in the embodiment shown, optical monitoring characteristic 3918 is left from base portion 3802, to transfer to controller or processor 3901 with firing chamber data branch journey transmission or through alternate manner.In certain embodiments, processor 3901 can be carried by sparger 3900.But in other embodiments, processor 3901 can be positioned to away from sparger 3900.In addition, optical fiber 3818 can be configured to through wired or wireless connection the firing chamber data transmission to processor.

According to another characteristic of illustrated embodiment, base portion 3802 also comprises dielectric base portion insulator 3907, and dielectric base portion insulator 3907 is configured to hold the HV that imposes on base portion 3802 through conductor 3814.More specifically, conductor 3814 comprises the extension part 3913 in the base portion 3802, and extension part 3913 was opened with optical fiber in 3818 minutes.Same shown in illustrated embodiment, base portion 3802 comprises the inlet fuel coupling 3926 that the longitudinal axis with respect to sparger 3900 extends with an angle of 90 degrees degree.

Figure 40 A is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 4000 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 4000 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of the individual features of the sparger of describing above with reference to Fig. 1 to Figure 39.For example, sparger 4000 comprises first one or the base portion 4002 relative with second one or spray nozzle part 4004.Sparger 4000 also is included in sleeve or the body 4008 that extends between base portion 4002 and the spray nozzle part 4004.Body 4008 hold first dielectric section or dielectric plastid insulator 4009, the first dielectric section or dielectric plastid insulator 4009 longitudinal extensions through sparger 4000 and coaxially be arranged in second dielectric section or dielectric plastid insulator 4010 in.The second body insulator 4010 is spaced apart through gap and the first body insulator, 4009 radially outwards, this gap formation along sparger 4000 from base portion 4002 extend longitudinally to spray nozzle part 4004 fuel flow channels 4011.

The first body insulator 4009 comprises the conductor openings 4012 of extending through vertical and middle heart wherein.Conductor openings 4012 is configured to allow electrode or electric conductor 4014 to extend to base portion 4002 through sparger 4000 from spray nozzle part 4004.For example, conductor 4014 can be attached to energy source (for example voltage source), to one or more electrodes that are positioned at spray nozzle part 4004 or ignition Characteristics 4016 ignition energy to be provided.Conductor 4014 can also comprise through the wherein one or more optical monitoring fibers or the characteristic 4018 of longitudinal extension.Optical monitoring characteristic 4018 is configured to detect or through alternate manner sensing chamber performance and will be referred to these properties data and transfer to controller or processor.

According to the further characteristic of illustrated embodiment, base portion 4002 comprises the forcer 4006 that is positioned at forcer shell 4020 (for example, suitable pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, o, piezoelectric part etc.).Shell 4020 comprises fuel inlet 4022, and fuel inlet 4022 is connected in fuel coupling 4026, so that fuel is received the shell 4020 from fuel source.Shell 4020 also comprises fuel outlet 4024, and fuel outlet 4024 is configured to allow fuel to leave shell 4020 through valve assembly 4028.More specifically, valve assembly 4028 comprises the valve 4032 (for example, ferromagnetic valve) that is arranged in valve pocket 4021.Valve pocket 4021 passes through fuel outlet 4024 fluid coupled in the inside of forcer shell 4020.Shown in Figure 40 A, when valve 4032 is in common operating position, valve 4032 sealing or closed fuel outlets 4024.

Valve assembly 4028 also comprises fixedly magnetic pole iron spare or the rod element 4033 that is arranged in valve pocket 4021.When valve 4032 was in the close position, valve 4032 was spaced apart through chamber 4030 and pole element 4033.Biasing member 4830 (for example non-ferromagnetic spring, belleville spring etc.) can also be in chamber 4030 randomly between pole element 4033 and valve 4032, with promote valve 4032 towards operating position away from pole element 4033.Valve assembly 4028 further comprises attraction or makes the magnetic-attraction element 4038 (for example, magnet, permanent magnet etc.) of valve 4032 towards the operating position biasing through alternate manner.More specifically, in the embodiment shown, valve 4032 has generally cylindrical body portion, and this circular cylinder shape body has taper, taper shape or the truncated conical end 4037 of contiguous magnetic-attraction element 4038.Therefore, conical end 4037 has the small cross section size with respect to the cylindrical portion of valve 4032.

In operation, the electric current that offers forcer 4006 makes pole element 4033 magnetization, so that valve 4032 moves to open position (for example, on the direction away from spray nozzle part 4004) towards pole element 4033.When valve 4032 in valve pocket 4021 when operating position moves to the open position of contiguous pole element 4033, the conical end 4037 of valve 4032 is positioned to contiguous forcer fuel outlet 4024, makes valve 4032 no longer seal or seal fuel outlet 4024.Therefore, fuel can flow in the fuel bath or aperture 4013 the valve pocket 4021, to be used for being delivered to the fuel flow channels 4011 between the first body insulator 4009 and the second body insulator 4010 from forcer 4006.Therefore, along with valve 4032 moves towards open position, valve 4032 allows fuel to flow to fuel flow channels through the fuel bath in the valve pocket 4,021 4013 from fuel outlet 4024.Along with valve 4032 is got back to common operating position (for example, on the direction of spray nozzle part 4004), valve 4032 sealed fuel outlet slidably 4024 stops so that fuel flows.

Therefore, the valve 4032 that is positioned at base portion 4002 vertically moves through sparger 4000.But according to the further characteristic of illustrated embodiment, sparger 4000 can also comprise second valve 4042 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 4004.More specifically, second valve 4042 is deformable or resilient sleeve valve 4042, and telescoping valve 4042 coaxially is arranged in the first body insulator 4009 that is positioned at spray nozzle part and the top of the second body insulator 4010.The base portion of telescoping valve 4042 can be bonded to the second body insulator 4010 through suitable bonding, thermopolymer, heat-curable compounds or other suitable bonding.In addition, in the embodiment shown, telescoping valve 4042 comprises end 4043, and end 4043 is configured to keep characteristic 4041 to keep telescoping valve 4042 with respect to the second insulator body 4010 through second elastomer.Therefore, keep characteristic 4041 to compress grappling with respect to 4010 pairs of valve cages of the second insulator body.

In addition, valve cage 4042 a plurality of in spray nozzle part leave or spray end 4041 above extend.More specifically, the second insulator body 4010 comprises a plurality of injection tips 4041, the fuel flow channels 4011 of a plurality of injection tip 4041 fluid coupled between the first body insulator 4009 and the second body insulator 4010.Therefore, along with first valve 4032 is opened and the pressurized fuel importing is extended longitudinally in the fuel flow channels 4011 of spray nozzle part 4004, telescoping valve 4042 expands above injection tip 4041, thereby allows fuel to leave spray nozzle part 4004.

Figure 40 B is the plan view from above according to the biasing member 4039 of Figure 40 A of embodiment structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown, biasing member 4039 can have offset center portion 4051, and the one or more passages 4053 of offset center portion 4051 through extending through biasing member 4039 separate with the peripheral part of biasing member.In certain embodiments, biasing member 4039 can be processed by the thick non-magnetic stainless steel sheet stock of 0.1mm (0.004 ").In addition, can impress or photoetching, with the geometric format shown in the realization biasing member 4039.Can further heat-treat, in central part 4051, to produce the spring function of the lifting central part 4051 of expectation biasing member 4039.The non magnetic characteristic of biasing member 4039 makes the valve 4032 of Figure 40 A to get back to common operating position fast through the gap that about 0.1mm (0.004 ") is provided, so that prevent maybe be owing to be used to prolong the hard domain that the lasting attraction force of the time of opening of valve 4032 forms.But in other embodiments, biasing member can belong to the biasing member of another kind of type, comprising for example volute spring, spring washer, spiral compression spring etc.In addition, in another embodiment, biasing member 4039 can omit from the valve assembly 4028 of Figure 40 A.

Figure 41 is the cross section side-looking partial view according to the sparger 4100 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.In the embodiment shown, sparger 4100 comprises the base portion 4102 with valve assembly 4128, the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of valve assembly 4128 and valve assembly 4028 broadly similars of describing above with reference to Figure 40 A.For example, the valve assembly 4128 of Figure 41 comprises the valve 4132 that is arranged in valve pocket 4121.Valve pocket 4121 fluid coupled are in forcer fuel outlet 4124.But in the embodiment shown, the part that holds fuel outlet 4124 of valve pocket 4121 has tapered shape, roughly corresponding to the taper shape or the truncated conical end of valve 4132.More specifically, the end of valve 4132 comprises first taper, taper shape or the fi-ustoconical surface 4138 of extending from second taper, taper shape or fi-ustoconical surface 4139.Valve pocket 4121 have taper, taper shape or the frusto-conical shape of the identical or broadly similar of second conical surface 4139 with valve 4132 with valve 4132 contacted surfaces.This embodiment's a advantage be that taper or tepee structure allow valve 4132 and valve pocket 4121 and valve 4132 contacted surfaces between relax tolerance.

Figure 42 is the cross-sectional side view according to the sparger 4200 of another embodiment's structure of the present disclosure.Sparger 4200 comprises the certain characteristics with the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function broadly similar of sparger as herein described, the sparger of especially describing above with reference to Figure 28 1600.For example, in embodiment shown in Figure 42, sparger 4200 comprises the base portion 4202 relative with spray nozzle part 4204.Actuator rod or cable 4214 are vertically extending to spray nozzle part 4204 from base portion 4202 in the fuel passage 4211.Cable 4214 is attached to the Flow valve of outwards opening 4224 that is positioned at spray nozzle part 4204.Cable 4214 can comprise one or more monitoring elements (for example fiber optic cables), with firing chamber data transmission to controller or processor.Fuel inlet 4209 fluid coupled in the base portion are to fuel passage 4211.

Base portion 4202 also is included as cable lock or brake component 4266 and provides the forcer 4206 of actuation force (for example suitable pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, o, piezoelectric part etc.).Cable brake component 4266 provides with respect to cable 4214 and tightens or constrictive force radially, cable 4214 is remained on tensioning state and valve 4244 is remained on operating position.The downstream that base portion 4202 further is included in cable brake component 4266 are attached to the magnetic-attraction element 4270 (for example magnet or permanent magnet) of cable 4214.Magnetic-attraction element 4270 is attracted towards fixing ferromagnetic dish 4268, and fixing ferromagnetic dish 4268 is attached to base portion 4202 and between magnetic-attraction element 4270 and cable brake component 4266.Therefore, magnetic-attraction element 4270 also makes cable 4214 tensionings, so that valve 4224 is remained on operating position at least in part.

According to the another aspect of illustrated embodiment, base portion 4202 comprises that also first stopper element, 4264, the first stopper elements 4264 that are attached to cable 4214 are configured to contact with cable brake component 4266, provide restriction with the axial row input to cable 4214.Base portion 4202 comprises that also second stopper element, 4260, the second stopper elements 4260 are attached to cable 4214 at the upper reaches of first stopper element 4264.First stopper element 4260 contacts with biasing member 4262 (for example, spring, spiral compression spring etc.), so that cable 4214 further tensionings, thereby valve 4224 is remained on operating position at least in part.

In operation, fuel is imported into fuel passage 4211 through fuel inlet 4209.Cable brake component 4266 is with cable 4214 lockings, to prevent that valve 4224 is owing to providing constrictive force to be opened with respect to cable 4214.When expectation fuel sprayed, forcer 4206 was actuated to the release position with cable brake component 4266.When cable brake component 4266 is in the release position, valve 4244 is opened from the pressure of the fuel in the fuel passage 4211.More specifically, the pressure gradient in the fuel passage 4211 must then overcome the tension force in the cable 4214 that is provided by second stopper element 4260 and biasing member 4262 and magnetic-attraction element 4270 and ferromagnetic dish 4268.In addition, along with first stopper element 4264 contacts with cable brake component 4266, totally advancing of cable 4214 receives the restriction of first stopper element 4264.

Therefore, the embodiment of sparger 4200 shown in Figure 42 provides various pressure control and to the control of the increase of injection events.For example, cable brake component 4266 can provide variable constrictive force with respect to cable 4214, opens the required pressure of valve 4224 with adjusting.In addition, second stopper element 4260 can further optionally be controlled and open the required pressure of valve with corresponding biasing member 4262 (making up individually or with magnetic-attraction element 4270 and corresponding ferromagnetic dish 4268).Be similar to other embodiment as herein described, fuel injector 4200 can also be in response to one or more chamber performances of being monitored by control adaptively.

According to further embodiment of the present disclosure, and go through, can have one or more ignition Characteristics or the electrode that the spray nozzle part by respective injectors carries according to the sparger that embodiment of the present disclosure constructed like preceding text.This sparger can further have the lid that is positioned at spray nozzle part, with guiding or control fuel decentralized model.For example, in certain embodiments, this spray nozzle part can have following structure at least with corresponding Flow valve, electrode and end cap: the fixed electrode through the valve outside is outwards opened fuel control valve; Fixed electrode through valve is inboard is outwards opened the fuel flow control valve; Fixed electrode through the valve outside is inwardly opened the fuel flow control valve; Fixed electrode through valve is inboard is inwardly opened the fuel flow control valve; Through the valve that outwards moves electrode is outwards moved; Through the valve that moves inward electrode is moved inward etc.

In addition, in certain embodiments, the sparger with these spray nozzle parts (for example, valve, electrode and/or cap combination) can axially outwards be launched plasma away from respective nozzles portion.For example, can cause at least in part radially or axially extended plasma generation in end cap or electrode (end cap of for example describing) away from spray nozzle part above with reference to Figure 24 a.Therefore more specifically, the end cap that has a structure member on the axially movable path that is positioned at fuel can cause that plasma is axially away from spray nozzle part.On these directions, cause plasma and especially cause axially that plasma can be offset or vortex through alternate manner explanation institute injected fuel moves from spray nozzle part.In addition, this plasma generation also provides the better shaping and the control of sparger fuel mode.

Further embodiment

A kind of fuel injection system, it comprises the fuel injector that is used for burner oil, wherein fuel transfers the device of fuel to spray through being used for valve; And fuel ignition; Wherein fuel ignition and fuel injector form integral body; Wherein being used for valve transfers the device of fuel to open through the device that is used to open aperiodically; The said device that is used to open is selected from insulating pole device, insulated cable device and the insulating optical fiber device that is used to open; And the required power of device that wherein is used to open is provided by the power generating means, and wherein is used for valve and transfers the device of fuel and be used for the device of burner oil and be used for the device of fire fuel whole in the formation at the interface of the device that is used for combustion fuel.

System as described herein, the device that wherein is used to open also provide to from burn detected detection of information or with the communication of control gear.

System as described herein, the device and the fuel injector device that wherein are used to control form integral body.

System as described herein, wherein the power generating means is dynamo-electric.

System as described herein, wherein the power generating means provides impact force according to the selection from the group that comprises cable, bar or fiber device.

The device of fire fuel is wherein selected to be used for by system as described herein from the group that comprises spark, a plurality of spark and plasma device.

System as described herein, the device that wherein is used to control cools off through fuel.

System as described herein, wherein fuel is at least to the power generating means or be used for the device that valve transfers and cool off.

System as described herein, wherein fuel is injected at least one in heat engine or the fuel cell.

System as described herein; Wherein fuel stores through the device that is used for storage of fuels, and wherein selects to be used for the device of storage of fuels from the group that is used for storing the fuel that comprises following composition: cryogenic liquide, low-temperature solid and liquid, low-temperature solid, liquid, steam and gas; Non-cryogenic liquide; Non-low-temperature solid and liquid; And non-low-temperature solid, liquid, steam and gas.

Fuel is wherein selected by system as described herein from the group that comprises cryogenic liquid fuel, low temperature solid fuel and cryogenic gaseous fuel.

Fuel is wherein selected by system as described herein from the group that comprises solid fuel, liquid fuel, fuel fume and vaporized fuel.

System as described herein, wherein fuel is the mixture of low temperature and non-low temp fuel.

System as described herein wherein supplies with combustion mode, homogeneous supply combustion mode and homogeneous according to layering and supplies with a kind of conveying and combustion fuel in the interior layering supply combustion mode.

System as described herein wherein is used for the device that valve is transferred through the material apparatus protection of from the group that comprises sapphire, quartz, glass and high temperature polymer, selecting.

System as described herein, wherein fuel is being supplied to sparger before through being used for the device of heat-shift.

The device that is used to light a fire is wherein selected by system as described herein from the group that comprises capacitor discharge, piezoelectric voltage generation and induced voltage generation.

The process that is used for transformation of energy may further comprise the steps: one or more fuel materials are stored in the shielding container device; The derivative of fuel and/or fuel is transferred to basically the device that the flow control valve assembly at the interface with valve operator device and the combusting room device that is positioned at engine device separates; Derivative with through insulated electrical cable or lever arrangement control fuel or fuel drops onto in the combusting room device of engine device with problematic number of times thereby eliminate fuel.

Process as described herein, wherein the control valve device charges aperiodically, so that plasma discharge apparatus to be provided.

Process as described herein, wherein insulated electrical cable or lever arrangement also provide to from the detected detection of information of combusting room device and/or with the communication of the control gear that is used for this process.

Process as described herein wherein produces the fuel derivative through the device of from the group that comprises heat exchanger, reversible fuel cell and catalysis heat exchanger, selecting.

Process as described herein, wherein fuel or fuel derivative comprise hydrogen, hydrogen is as heat-exchanger rig and/or be used for reducing the loss of operation of the relative moving part of the process that is used for transformation of energy.

Process as described herein, wherein the relative moving part device is a generator.

Process as described herein, wherein the relative moving part device is a heat engine.

Process as described herein, wherein case makes the cryogenic substance insulation.

Process as described herein, wherein case holds the pressurization stock (inventories) and/or the fuel derivative of fuel.

A kind of system that is used for integrated fuel injection and ignition mechanism; The irregular intermittent flow that wherein provides fuel to spray is controlled through control valve unit; Control valve unit separates with the actuator that is used for control valve unit is electric through seal, and wherein actuator imposes on control valve unit through electrical insulation device with power.

System as described herein, wherein actuator imposes on control valve unit through electrical insulation device with power, and electrical insulation device comprises insulated electrical cable or lever arrangement.

System as described herein, wherein cable or lever arrangement also provide to from the detected detection of information of combusting room device and/or with the control gear communication to be used for system operation.

System as described herein, wherein the control valve device charges aperiodically, so that plasma discharge apparatus to be provided, allows the burner oil that passes through thereby light aperiodically by the control control valve unit.

A kind of system that is used to provide the fluid flow valve function; The plunger assembly displacement of the power effect of wherein removable valve component arrangement through receiving the device of from comprise group, selecting: the combination of solenoid mechanism device, cam control gear and solenoid and cam control gear with lower device; Wherein the valve component arrangement is held in place aperiodically, to be used for allowing fluid to flow through the device of selecting from the combination of solenoid mechanism device, piezoelectric device device and solenoid and piezoelectric device device.

System as described herein, wherein the mobile at least a portion of fluid is transported to engine device, so that air gets into the volumetric efficiency of quickening and increasing engine device.

System as described herein; Wherein the mobile at least a portion of fuel is transported to the firing chamber of engine device through the system that is used for integrated fuel injection and ignition mechanism; The intermittent flow that wherein provides fuel to spray is controlled through control valve unit; Control valve unit separates with the actuator that is used for control valve unit is electric through seal, and wherein actuator puts on control valve unit through electrical insulation device with power.

System as described herein, the circulating combustion that wherein this operation makes brake mean-effective pressure select along with various fuel maximizes adaptively, regardless of fuel octane, cetane, viscosity, energy content density or temperature.

System as described herein; Wherein fuel and/or the compound that contains hydrogen change into the mixture of hydrogen and/or hydrogen and other fluid composition through heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger support is through being transferred to heat fuel and/or comprising the heat absorption reaction that the compound of hydrogen is realized from motor.

System as described herein; Wherein for from comprising the purpose of group selection of rotating machinery being cooled off and reduces the windage loss of rotating machinery, utilize hydrogen as medium to absorb and to remove moisture and act as a fuel to be used for two kinds and above mixed tensor transformation applications.

System as described herein; Wherein in order rotating machinery to be cooled off and to reduce the purpose of selecting the group of windage loss of rotating machinery from comprising, the fluid that will contain hydrogen as medium with absorb and remove moisture and as fuel to be used for two kinds or more kinds of mixed tensor transformation applications.

A kind of fuel injection system, it comprises: microprocessor and the fuel injector that is used for burner oil, wherein fuel sprays through the opening of valve element; The device that is used for fire fuel, the device and the sparger that wherein are used for fire fuel form integral body; Wherein in cable or the bar of valve element through being connected in actuator opens; Wherein cable or bar electric insulation and comprise that further fiber optic component is to be sent to microprocessor with combustion data.

System as described herein, the device that wherein is used for fire fuel is positioned near the valve element.

System as described herein, wherein actuator is an electromechanical actuator.

System as described herein, wherein actuator provides impact force to cable or bar.

System as described herein, wherein a selection from spark, a plurality of spark or plasma discharge is used for the device of fire fuel.

System as described herein, wherein microprocessor is arranged in the body of fuel injector.

System as described herein, wherein microprocessor is positioned near the pipeline that is used for fuel supply to sparger, and the fuel that passes pipeline cools off microprocessor.

System as described herein, wherein fuel is used for valve element or actuator at least one cooled off.

System as described herein, wherein fuel storage is in being applicable to the fuel cabinet that stores low temp fuel.

Fuel is wherein selected by system as described herein from the group that comprises solid fuel, liquid fuel and vaporized fuel.

System as described herein, wherein the valve element is by a kind of the processing in the group of sapphire, quartz, glass and high temperature polymer.

System as described herein, wherein fuel passed through heat exchanger before being supplied to sparger.

A kind of energy conversion system; It has to be used to circulate realizes the device of oxygenant enterings, fuel injection, igniting, burning and merit generation; The amount of the oxygenant that wherein gets into surpasses required amount; Spray the fuel of carrying by fuel with perfect combustion; And wherein fuel spray to be through can be in each operation cycle repeatedly the device of transfer the fuel realize; And wherein the information of from the group that comprises temperature, pressure, rate of burning and burning position, selecting to confirm is monitored in igniting and burning; And wherein control device utilize information come starting fluid to spray and once or a plurality of fuel stop fuel after carrying and spray, with the condition that is used for preventing selecting from the group that comprises following content: can't realize selecting a little temperature is set, surpass selected a little temperature is set, surpass selected a little pressure is set, can't realize selecting be provided with a little rate of burning, above select a little rate of burning is set, above the burning of selecting the position in the zone that limits that is provided with.

Energy conversion system as described herein wherein provides fuel to spray by control valve unit, the control valve unit basic fixed position become contiguous or be positioned at the firing chamber at the interface to be used to realize transformation of energy.

Energy conversion system as described herein, wherein the at the interface or basically contiguous firing chamber of firing chamber igniting is provided at the interface, to be used to realize transformation of energy.

Energy conversion system as described herein wherein after any incident that the fuel injection is stopped, restarting one or many fuel and sprays, up to the merit that realizes the expectation magnitude through energy conversion system.

A kind of energy conversion system as described herein wherein sprays the oxygenant of carrying that surpasses the required amount of clean-burning fuel through fuel and is held in envelope so that each insulation in the combustion incident.

It is obvious that, can under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the present disclosure, carry out various variations and remodeling.For example, dielectric strength can change or be varied to and comprises alternative materials and processing method.Actuator and driver can based on fuels or the use of sparger and modification.Cap can be used to guarantee shape and the integrity that fuel distributes, and the size of cap, design or position can change, so that different performance and protections to be provided.Alternatively, sparger can change, for example, shown in electrode, optical fiber (optics), actuator, nozzle or body can be processed or can be compared by alternative material and described those comprise constructive alternative, and still belong in the spirit of the present disclosure.

Only if explicitly call for through alternate manner in the context, otherwise run through specification and claim, word " comprises " etc. and should be understood to and exclusive or the exclusive adversative meaning that comprises; That is the meaning that, " includes, but are not limited to ".Use the word of odd number or plural number also to comprise plural number or odd number respectively.When right requires with reference to the inventory of two or more article the time, to use word " perhaps ", all word explanations below then this word covers: any combination of article in any article in the inventory, all article in the inventory and the inventory.

Can combine various embodiments mentioned above that further embodiment is provided.This specification quote and/or in the request for data table open, the U.S. Patent application of listed all U. S. Patents, U.S. Patent application, foreign patent, foreign patent application and non-patent openly all be attached among this paper through the mode that quotes in full.If necessary, can retrofit, have the fuel injector and the ignition mechanism of various structures with employing to All aspects of of the present disclosure, and various patent, application and disclosed theory, to provide the disclosure further again embodiment.

Can carry out these and other change to the disclosure according to the detailed description of preceding text.In general, in following claim, used term not should be understood to the disclosure is limited to disclosed specific embodiment in specification and claims, comprises all system and methods of operating according to claim but should be understood to.Therefore, the present invention is not by disclosure restriction, and on the contrary, its scope will broadly be confirmed by following claim.

Claims

1. fuel injector, said fuel injector configuration becomes to inject fuel in the firing chamber, and said fuel injector comprises:

Body, said body has the base portion relative with spray nozzle part;

Fuel passage, said fuel passage is passed said body and is extended to said spray nozzle part from said base portion;

Forcer, said forcer are positioned at said base portion place;

First valve, said first valve is carried by said base portion, and wherein said first valve can be in response to from the actuating of said forcer and move, and moving from operating position and open position, thereby fuel is imported in the said fuel passage; And

Second valve, said second valve is positioned at said spray nozzle part place, and wherein said second valve can be out of shape in response to the pressure in the said fuel passage, with from the distortion of operating position and open position, thereby injects fuel in the said firing chamber.

2. fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein said first valve is processed by ferromagnetic material and said second valve is processed by elastomeric polymer.

3. fuel injector according to claim 1; Wherein said first valve comprises through the valve fuel passage of wherein extending, and wherein fuel along with said valve moves to said open position and flows through said valve via said valve fuel passage from said operating position.

4. fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein said valve comprises the end, said end has roughly circular cone or the frusto-conical towards said spray nozzle part.

5. fuel injector according to claim 1; Said fuel injector further comprises shell; Said shell holds said forcer at least in part, and wherein said shell comprises and is used for fuel is imported the fuel inlet of said shell and is used to allow fuel to leave the fuel outlet of said shell.

6. fuel injector according to claim 5; Wherein in said operating position; Said first valve blocks said fuel outlet, and in said open position, said first valve is opened said fuel outlet and allowed fuel to flow into the said fuel passage from said fuel outlet.

7. fuel injector according to claim 1, said fuel injector further comprises dielectric insulator, said dielectric insulator extends through the part coaxial with said fuel passage of said body.

8. fuel injector according to claim 7, wherein said fuel passage comprises fuel flow channels, said fuel flow channels is formed in the said insulator and the said insulator longitudinal extension in edge.

9. fuel injector according to claim 8, the size of wherein said fuel flow channels is along with said fuel flow channels reduces near said spray nozzle part.

10. fuel injector according to claim 7, wherein said fuel passage comprises a plurality of fuel flow channels, said a plurality of fuel flow channels are formed in the outer surface of said insulator and are relative to each other circumferentially spaced apart on said insulator.

11. fuel injector according to claim 7; Wherein said dielectric insulator is first dielectric insulator; And wherein said sparger further comprises second dielectric insulator, and said second dielectric insulator extends through the coaxial and isolated part with said first insulator of said body.

12. sparger according to claim 11, wherein fuel passage is between said first insulator and said second insulator.

13. fuel injector according to claim 12; Wherein said fuel passage is roughly parallel to the longitudinal axis of said body; And wherein said sparger further comprises a plurality of injection tips that are positioned at said spray nozzle part; Said a plurality of injection tip fluid coupled to said fuel passage, and the longitudinal axis of wherein single injection tip and said body is roughly not parallel.

14. fuel injector according to claim 1, said fuel injector further comprise the pole element that is carried by said base portion, wherein said pole element when said valve is in said operating position and said valve spaced apart.

15. fuel injector according to claim 14, wherein said forcer make said pole element magnetization, so that said first valve moves to said open position from said operating position.

16. fuel injector according to claim 14, said fuel injector further comprise the biasing member between said pole element and said valve, wherein said biasing member is processed by nonmagnetic substance and said valve is pushed away said pole element.

17. fuel injector according to claim 1, said fuel injector further comprise the electric conductor through the central part longitudinal extension of said body, wherein said conductor configuration becomes to be attached to the ignition energy source.

18. fuel injector according to claim 17, said fuel injector further comprises ignition Characteristics, and said conductor is carried and operationally be attached to said ignition Characteristics by said spray nozzle part.

19. fuel injector according to claim 17, said fuel injector further comprise the one or more optical fiber that coaxially are arranged in the said conductor, wherein said one or more optical fiber are configured to detect one or more chamber performances.

20. a fuel injector, said fuel injector configuration become to inject fuel in the firing chamber and in said firing chamber fire fuel, said fuel injector comprises:

Body, said body has the base portion relative with spray nozzle part, and wherein said base portion is accommodated fuel in the said body and said spray nozzle part can be positioned to contiguous said firing chamber;

Shell; Said shell is positioned at said base portion place; Said shell is the acceptance generator at least in part; Wherein said shell comprises fuel inlet and fuel outlet, and fuel and said fuel outlet that wherein said fuel inlet is configured to accommodate from fuel source are configured to allow fuel to leave said shell;

Fuel passage, the said fuel outlet of said fuel passage fluid coupled to said shell, said fuel passage is passed said body and is extended longitudinally to said spray nozzle part from said base portion;

First valve; Said first valve is near said forcer; Wherein said first valve can be in response to moving from the actuating of said forcer, between operating position and open position, moving, thereby allows fuel to lead to said fuel passage from said fuel outlet; And

Second valve, said second valve is positioned at said spray nozzle part place, and wherein said second valve can move in response to the intended fuel pressure in the said fuel passage, with mobile between operating position and open position, thereby injects fuel in the said firing chamber.

21. fuel injector according to claim 20, wherein said first valve are that ferromagnetic valve and said second valve are the deformable polymer valves.

22. fuel injector according to claim 20; Wherein said body has longitudinal axis; And wherein said first valve is roughly parallel to said longitudinal axis and moves between said operating position and open position, and said second valve roughly moves from said longitudinal axis between said operating position and open position radially outwardly.

23. fuel injector according to claim 20, said fuel injector further comprises:

Conductor, said conductor passes said body and extends longitudinally to said spray nozzle part from said base portion, and wherein said conductor configuration becomes to be attached to the ignition energy source; And

One or more ignition Characteristics, said one or more ignition Characteristics operationally are attached to said conductor and are configured in said firing chamber, produce ignition event with fire fuel.

24. fuel injector according to claim 23, said fuel injector further comprises one or more monitoring elements, and said one or more monitoring elements and said conductor are coaxially arranged and extended to said spray nozzle part from said base portion.

25. a fuel injector, said fuel injector configuration becomes to inject fuel in the firing chamber, and said fuel injector comprises:

Body, said body has the base portion relative with spray nozzle part;

Valve, said valve is carried by said spray nozzle part, and wherein said valve can move between open position and operating position;

Actuator, said actuator operationally are attached to said valve and extend to said base portion from said valve, and wherein when said actuator was in tensioning state at least in part, said actuator made said valve move to said operating position; And

The actuator brake part; Said actuator brake part is configured to contact with said actuator, and wherein said actuator can move between the primary importance and the second place, wherein in said primary importance; Said actuator brake part provides constrictive force on said actuator; So that said actuator is fixed under the tensioning state at least in part, thereby said valve is remained on said operating position, and discharge said actuator at actuator brake part described in the said second place.

26. fuel injector according to claim 25, said fuel injector further comprises forcer, and said forcer causes said actuator brake part moving between the said primary importance and the said second place.

27. fuel injector according to claim 25; Said fuel injector further comprises the retainer that is attached to said actuator; Wherein said retainer is configured to contact with said actuator brake part, to limit said valve moves to said open position from said operating position distance.

28. fuel injector according to claim 25, said fuel injector further comprises:

Retainer, said retainer is attached to said actuator; And

Biasing member, the contiguous said retainer of said biasing member, wherein said biasing member pushes away said spray nozzle part with said retainer, so that said actuator tensioning and at least in part said valve is remained on said operating position.

29. fuel injector according to claim 25, said fuel injector further comprises:

Magnetic-attraction element, said magnetic-attraction element is attached to said actuator; And

Fixing ferromagnetic dish, said fixing ferromagnetic dish is attached to said base portion, wherein said magnetic-attraction element on away from the direction of said spray nozzle part towards said dish biasing, so that said actuator tensioning and at least in part said valve is remained on said operating position.

30. an operating fuel injected device said method comprising the steps of to inject fuel into the method in the firing chamber:

Fuel is imported in the base portion of said fuel injector;

On the direction of the longitudinal axis that is roughly parallel to said fuel injector, first valve is activated, so that fuel flows into the fuel passage from said base portion, said fuel passage extends to the spray nozzle part of said fuel injector from said base portion; And

On the direction that roughly is not parallel to said longitudinal axis, second valve is activated, so that fuel is assigned to the said firing chamber from said fuel passage.

31. method according to claim 30 wherein activates said first valve and comprises through the solenoid winding and make said first valve move to open position from operating position.

32. method according to claim 30 wherein activates said second valve and comprises the predetermined pressure of said second response valve in said fuel passage is out of shape at least in part.

33. method according to claim 30, wherein said second valve comprises the telescoping valve that coaxially is arranged on the said spray nozzle part, and wherein said second valve is activated and comprise at least a portion radial expansion that makes said telescoping valve.

34. method according to claim 30 wherein activates said first valve and comprises and said first valve is carried out Electromagnetically actuated, and said second valve activated comprises said second valve is carried out hydraulic actuating.

35. method according to claim 30 wherein activates said second valve and comprises in response to the predetermined pressure in the said fuel passage said second valve is carried out self actuating.

36. method according to claim 30, said method further comprise ignition Characteristics fire fuel in said firing chamber of carrying through by said spray nozzle part.