CN102714308A - 新型的二次电池用正极 - Google Patents
新型的二次电池用正极 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102714308A CN102714308A CN2011800056656A CN201180005665A CN102714308A CN 102714308 A CN102714308 A CN 102714308A CN 2011800056656 A CN2011800056656 A CN 2011800056656A CN 201180005665 A CN201180005665 A CN 201180005665A CN 102714308 A CN102714308 A CN 102714308A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- positive pole
- formula
- expression
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001171 0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLRINNKRRPQIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-[4-(2-ethenylphenyl)butyl]benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C RLRINNKRRPQIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000519996 Teucrium chamaedrys Species 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn].[Mn+3] CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种二次电池用正极和具有所述正极的二次电池,所述正极包含如下物质的组合:选自由式1表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物;以及选自由式2表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物,如下所示:xLi2MO3*(1-x)LiM’O2 (1)、(1-u)LiFePO4*uC (2),其中M是选自具有+4氧化数的金属中的至少一种元素,M’是选自具有6配位结构并在层状结构中稳定的第一周期和第二周期的过渡金属中的至少一种元素;0<x<1且0<u<0.1;且u表示重量比。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二次电池用正极,更特别地,涉及一种新型的二次电池用正极,其包含至少两种不同化合物的组合,从而在室温和/或高温下具有长寿命和有利的储存特性、并具有优异的安全性。
背景技术
移动装置的技术开发和增加的需求,导致对二次电池的需求急剧增加。在这些二次电池中,具有高能量密度和输出电压、长循环寿命和低自放电比率的锂二次电池可商购获得并被广泛使用。
近来,对环境问题的增加的关注导致了大量与作为使用化石燃料的车辆如汽油车辆和柴油车辆的替代品的电动车辆(EV)和混合动力车辆(HEV)有关的研究,所述使用化石燃料的车辆是空气污染的主要因素。尽管主要将镍金属氢化物(Ni-MH)二次电池用作这种EV和/或HEV的电源,但是正在对具有高能量密度和高放电电压的锂二次电池的使用进行大量研究且其中的一些已经可商购获得。
具体地,用于EV的锂二次电池必须具有高能量密度并在短时间内具有高输出功率,另外即使在苛刻的环境条件下仍可使用至少10年。因此,与现有的小型锂二次电池相比,上述二次电池必须具有优异的安全性和长寿命。
用作常规小型电池的锂离子二次电池包含正极中的具有层状结构的锂钴复合氧化物和负极中的石墨材料。然而,关于这种锂钴复合氧化物,尽管广泛将钴用作主要成分,但是这种材料伴有包括例如因钴稀少而成本高、安全性低等的缺点,由此在用作EV应用等中的电源方面存在限制。作为用于EV用锂离子电池中的正极,可适当使用包含锰的尖晶石结构的锂锰复合氧化物,其相对廉价并具有优异的安全性。
然而,关于锂锰复合氧化物,当将电解质储存在高温下时,锰溶于电解质中,从而劣化电池的特性。因此,要求改进技术以防止电池特性的这种劣化。另外,与典型的锂钴复合氧化物或锂镍复合氧化物相比,锂锰复合氧化物的单位质量的容量低,因此在单位质量电池的容量提高方面造成限制。因此,还需要开发和/或设计新型电池以解决上述问题,从而最终能够将其用作EV用电源。
为了解决上述各种弱点,近来对使用混合正极活性材料的电极的制造进行了大量研究。例如,日本特开2002-110253和2004-134245公开了使用锂锰复合氧化物和锂镍钴锰复合氧化物的混合物以提高再生输出等的技术。然而,所述锂锰氧化物仍伴有某些缺点如循环寿命差和安全性的提高受到限制。
同时,为了提高电池的容量和寿命和/或改进电池的高倍率放电特性,韩国专利0570417公开了使用尖晶石锂锰氧化物(LiMn2O4)作为正极活性材料;日本特开2002-0080448公开了使用含有锂锰复合氧化物的正极活性材料;且日本特开2004-134245公开了使用包含尖晶石锂锰复合氧化物以及锂过渡金属复合氧化物的正极活性材料,另外,分别使用上述正极活性材料制造了二次电池。
然而,在现有技术中的常规技术尚未提出具有充分寿命和安全性的二次电池的具体构造。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,为了解决尚未解决的上述问题和其他技术问题而完成了本发明。
作为为了解决上述问题而进行的大量广泛和细致的研究和实验的结果,本发明的发明人已经开发了包含分别由式1和2表示的至少两种不同化合物的组合的二次电池用正极(下文中,称作“正极”),并发现,当使用这种正极制造二次电池时,可适当提高电池的安全性、容量和寿命且电池可还具有优异的倍率性能和功率特性。基于这种发现而完成了本发明。
技术方案
因此,为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的方面,提供一种二次电池用正极,其包含如下物质的组合:选自由式1表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物;以及选自由式2表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物,如下所示:
xLi2MO3*(1-x)LiM’O2 (1)
(1-u)LiFePO4*uC (2)
在上式中,M是选自具有+4氧化数的金属中的至少一种元素,M’是选自具有6配位结构并在层状结构中稳定的第一周期和第二周期的过渡金属中的至少一种元素;0<x<1且0<u<0.1;且u表示重量比。
上述M可以是具有+4氧化数的任意金属,更优选包括选自Mn、Sn和Zr中的至少一种元素。
上述M’可以是具有6配位结构并在层状结构中稳定的第一和第二过渡金属中的任一种金属,更优选包括选自Ni、Mn和Co中的至少一种元素。
M和M’各自可以被具有6配位结构的金属或非金属元素部分置换,且在这种情况下,相对于M和M’的总量,各置换元素的置换量为0.1摩尔比以下。如果置换量太大,则不能获得期望的容量。
在式1和2中,可利用其他阴离子以预定量对氧离子进行置换。这种置换阴离子可以是选自F、Cl、Br、I、S、硫族化物化合物和氮中的一种或两种以上。
因为利用上述阴离子进行置换,所以可提高与过渡金属的结合并可成功防止活性材料的结构转变,由此提高电池的寿命。然而,如果阴离子的置换量太大(相对于阴离子的总摩尔数超过0.5摩尔比),则由式2表示的化合物可能不会保持稳定的结构,从而劣化寿命,因此是不优选的。因此,相对于阴离子的总摩尔数,阴离子的置换量可以为0.01~0.2摩尔比,优选0.01~0.1摩尔比。
本发明的正极在首次充电期间在4.4~4.6V的相对高电压区域内显示了均匀的电位区域(即电位平台)。
由式1表示的化合物具有优势如容量高、因大量使用Mn而成本低等,然而,仍伴有问题如倍率性能差、放电电压区域的下端降低,从而当将该化合物用于移动电话时对电池容量没有帮助,或者当将该化合物用于车辆时因输出功率低而成为不可用的SOC区域。结果,电池的输出功率不会提高。
由式2表示的化合物具有优势如成本低以及热安全性和倍率性能优异,然而,存在体积小的缺点,由此限制了在现有移动电话、膝上型计算机、车辆用电池等中的应用。
另一方面,本发明的正极可适当克服上述化合物的弱点并同时将其优点最大化。因此,根据本发明,可制造具有优异的安全性和性能且成本低的电池。
由式1表示的化合物可以为具有层状结构或处于固溶体形式的复合物。在上述化合物的式1中,x表示摩尔比。
关于上述正极,由式1表示的化合物对由式2表示的化合物的重量比为3:7~9.5:0.5。其中,如果由式1表示的化合物的含量太低,则不能获得期望的容量。相反,如果由式2表示的化合物的含量太低,则电池安全性可能发生劣化,由此是不优选的。因此,由式1表示的化合物对由式2表示的化合物的重量比可优选为5:5~9.1。
由式1和2表示的这种化合物的组合可提供比上述两种化合物各自的倍率性能的简单加和更优异的倍率性能。
关于由式2表示的橄榄石型锂铁磷酸盐,橄榄石型锂铁磷酸盐本身具有非常低的电导率,因此优选使用处于由式2所示形式的具有高电导率的含碳化合物。上述化合物中的碳更优选包覆在所述橄榄石型锂铁磷酸盐的表面上。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,由式2表示的化合物中的Fe位点可以以小的掺杂量掺杂有其他过渡金属或用于八面体结构的稳定元素。此外,用于四面体结构的稳定材料可掺杂由式2表示的化合物中的磷(P)位点。这种用于四面体结构的稳定材料可以为选自Si、V和Ti中的一种或两种以上。优选的掺杂量可以为0.01~0.2mol,更优选0.01~0.1mol。
可以通过在诸如NMP的溶剂中将含有上述化合物的正极混合物混合以制备浆体,然后将制备的浆体涂布到正极集电体上,并对其进行干燥和辊压来形成本发明的正极。
除了上述化合物之外,这种正极可还包含导电材料、粘合剂和填料。
相对于含有正极活性材料的混合物的总重量,可以以1~30重量%的量添加所述导电材料。这种导电材料没有特别限制,只要其具有导电性能且不会造成电池的化学变化即可。所述导电材料可包括例如:石墨如天然石墨或人造石墨;炭黑如炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑、夏黑等;导电纤维如碳纤维或金属纤维;金属粉末如氟化碳粉末、铝粉末、镍粉末等;导电须如氧化锌、钛酸钾等;导电金属氧化物如二氧化钛;导电物质如聚亚苯基衍生物等。
粘合剂帮助活性材料与导电材料的组合和到集电体上的粘合,相对于包含正极活性材料的化合物的总重量,通常以1~30重量%的量添加粘合剂。这种粘合剂的实例可包括聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、苯乙烯丁烯橡胶、氟化橡胶、各种共聚物等。
填料是用于抑制正极膨胀的辅助成分,可任选使用且没有特别限制,只要其包含纤维材料而不会造成电池的化学变化即可。所述填料可包括例如烯烃聚合物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等;纤维材料如玻璃纤维或碳纤维等。
通常将上述正极集电体制成具有3~500μm的厚度。这种正极集电体没有特别限制,只要其具有导电性而不会造成电池的化学变化即可。例如,可使用不锈钢,铝,镍,钛,煅烧碳,或者利用碳、镍、钛或银进行了表面处理的铝或不锈钢等来制造正极集电体。可对这些集电体进行加工以在其表面上具有细小的不规则,从而提高对电极活性材料的粘合力。另外,所述集电体可具有各种形式,包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构、泡沫、无纺布等。
本发明还提供一种包含上述正极、负极、隔膜和含锂盐的非水电解质的锂二次电池。根据本发明的锂二次电池可包含由式1表示的化合物和由式2表示的化合物的组合,由此在首次充电期间具有4.4~4.6V区域中的电位平台。
通过例如将含有负极活性材料的负极混合物涂布到负极集电体上,然后对经涂布的集电体进行干燥来制造本文中所用的负极。在这种情况下,所述负极混合物可任选地包含上述成分。
通常将负极集电体制造成具有3~500μm的厚度。这种负极集电体没有特别限制,只要其具有高电导率而不会造成电池的化学变化即可。例如,可使用铜,不锈钢,铝,镍,钛,煅烧碳,利用碳、镍、钛或银进行了表面处理的铜或不锈钢,铝-镉合金等来制造负极集电体。与正极集电体类似,可对负极集电体进行加工以在其表面上具有细小的不规则,从而提高对电极活性材料的粘合力。另外,负极集电体可具有各种形式,包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构、泡沫、无纺布等。
本文中所用的隔膜插入在所述正极和所述负极之间且所述隔膜可使用具有高离子渗透性和优异机械强度的绝缘薄膜形成。所述隔膜典型地具有0.01~10μm的孔径和5~300μm的厚度。作为隔膜,使用由烯烃聚合物如聚丙烯和/或玻璃纤维或聚乙烯制成的片或无纺布,其具有耐化学性和疏水性。当使用包含聚合物的固体电解质作为电解质时,所述固体电解质还可充当隔膜。
本文中所用的含锂盐的非水电解质包含锂盐和非水电解质。所述非水电解质可以为非水有机溶剂、有机固体电解质、无机固体电解质等。
所述非水有机溶剂可以为非质子有机溶剂,包括例如:N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯(phosphoric triester)、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、乙醚、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯等。
所述有机固体电解质的实例可包括聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物(phosphoric ester polymers)、poly agitation lysine、聚酯硫化物、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯、具有离子离解基团的聚合物等。
所述无机固体电解质的实例可包括锂的氮化物、卤化物和/或硫酸盐如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2等。
本文中所用的锂盐为易溶于非水电解质中的材料且可包括例如LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、4-苯基硼酸锂、酰亚胺等。
另外,为了提高充放电特性和阻燃性,例如可以向非水电解质中添加吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、正甘醇二甲醚、六磷酸三酰胺(hexaphosphoric triamide)、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等。如果需要,为了赋予不燃性,所述非水电解质可还包含含卤素的溶剂如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯。此外,为了提高高温储存特性,所述非水电解质可还包含二氧化碳气体、以及氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)、丙烯磺酸内酯(PRS)、氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)等。
根据本发明制造的二次电池可用于作为小型装置用电源的电池单元,还可用作具有多个电池单元的中型和/或大型电池模块的单元电池。
本文中所述的中型和/或大型装置的优选实例可包括:电池驱动的电动工具;电动汽车,包括例如电动车辆(EV)、混合电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合电动车辆(PHEV)等;电动双轮车辆,包括例如电动自行车、电动踏板车等;电动高尔夫球车等,但不特别限制于此。
附图说明
根据连同附图进行的如下详细说明,可更清楚地理解本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和其他优势,其中:
图1是显示在实施例1~3和比较例1中制备的材料的倍率性能和循环寿命性能的图,所述材料根据实验例1得到;且
图2是显示在实施例4和比较例2中制备的材料的倍率性能和循环寿命性能的图,所述材料根据实验例2得到。
具体实施方式
参考如下实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。提供这些实施例仅用于说明本发明且不应将其解释为限制本发明的范围和主旨。
[实施例1]
以7:3的相对重量比将两种化合物0.5Li2MnO3*0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2和0.98LiFePO4*0.02C进行混合以制备正极活性材料。然后,以92:4:4(即活性材料:导电材料:粘合剂)的重量比将制备的正极活性材料与导电材料和粘合剂进行混合以得到正极混合物。此处,0.5:0.5的比率是摩尔比,而0.98:0.02的比率是重量比。
[实施例2]
除了上述两种化合物的重量比是8:2之外,通过与实施例1中所述相同的程序制备了正极混合物。
[实施例3]
除了上述两种化合物的重量比是9:1之外,通过与实施例1中所述相同的程序制备了正极混合物。
[实施例4]
除了以9:1的相对重量比将两种化合物0.5Li2MnO3*0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2和0.98LiFePO4*0.02C进行混合以制备正极活性材料材料之外,通过与实施例1中所述相同的程序制备了正极混合物。此处,0.5:0.5的比率是摩尔比,而0.98:0.02的比率是重量比。
[比较例1]
除了单独使用化合物0.5Li2MnO3*0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2作为正极活性材料之外,通过与实施例1中所述相同的程序制备了正极混合物。此处,0.5:0.5的比率是摩尔比。
[比较例2]
除了单独使用化合物0.5Li2MnO3*0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2作为正极活性材料之外,通过与实施例1中所述相同的程序制备了正极混合物。此处,0.5:0.5的比率是摩尔比。
[实验例1]
通过冲切对实施例1~4以及比较例1和2中制备的各正极混合物进行处理以形成硬币型正极,由此制造两个硬币型单元。将Li金属用作负极活性材料并同时将溶于碳酸酯电解质中的1M LiPF6用作电解质。在第一循环期间,将制造的单元在0.1C下充电至4.8V并放电至2.5V,然后在第二循环期间,将制造的单元在0.2C下充电至4.5V并放电至2.5V。其后,为了确定倍率性能,在第3~第8循环期间,将所述单元在0.5C下充电至4.5V并分别在0.1C、0.2C、0.5C、1.0C、1.5C和2.0C下放电至2.5V。从第9个循环开始,在0.5C下实施充放电以测量循环寿命性能。将测量的结果示于图1和2的图中。
如图1和2中所示,能够看出,与包含单一活性材料的电池相比,即使添加少量组合,使用根据本发明的两种活性材料的组合制造的单元(即电池)在高倍率放电(具体地,在第8循环期间在2.0C下放电)期间仍展示了大大提高的倍率性能。通常,用作车辆用电源的电池需要高倍率充放电。此外,即使关于小型电池,所述电池仍会随电池中所包含的电极的厚度而显示绝对不同的行为。因此,对于电池非常重要的是具有优异的倍率性能。鉴于此,上述两种活性材料的组合可克服在单一活性材料的使用中的问题,还可意外地实现高的协同效应,这在现有技术中是基本不能实现的。
本领域的技术人员应理解,基于上述说明,在不背离附属权利要求书中所限定的本发明的范围和主旨的条件下,各种改变和变化是可能的。
工业实用性
根据上述说明很明显,使用根据本发明的含有特定锂过渡金属复合氧化物和特定锂铁磷酸盐的混合物的正极制造的非水电解质型二次电池,可确保安全性并具有高容量和经济优势如低成本。
Claims (11)
1.一种二次电池用正极,其包含如下物质的组合:
选自由式1表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物;以及
选自由式2表示的化合物中的一种或多种化合物,
xLi2MO3*(1-x)LiM’O2 (1)
(1-u)LiFePO4*uC (2)
其中M是选自具有+4氧化数的金属中的至少一种元素,M’是选自具有6配位结构并在层状结构中稳定的第一周期和第二周期的过渡金属中的至少一种元素;0<x<1,且0<u<0.1;且u表示重量比。
2.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中M包括选自Mn、Sn和Zr中的至少一种元素。
3.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中M’包括选自Ni、Mn和Co中的至少一种元素。
4.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中所述正极在首次充电期间具有在4.4V~4.6V区域内的电位平台。
5.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中所述由式1表示的化合物是具有层状结构或固溶体的复合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中以3:7~9.5:0.5的相对重量比包含所述由式1表示的化合物和所述由式2表示的化合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中以5:5~9:1的相对重量比包含所述由式1表示的化合物和所述由式2表示的化合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中式1和2中的M、M’和Fe被具有6配位结构的金属或非金属元素以预定的置换量置换。
9.如权利要求1所述的正极,其中式1和2中的氧(O)离子被其他阴离子以预定的置换量置换。
10.一种锂二次电池,其具有权利要求1~9中任一项的正极。
11.一种中型和/或大型电池组,其包含权利要求10的锂二次电池作为单元电池。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610615993.2A CN106099039A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 二次电池用正极、锂二次电池以及中型和/或大型电池组 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2010-0029723 | 2010-04-01 | ||
KR20100029723 | 2010-04-01 | ||
PCT/KR2011/002230 WO2011122877A2 (ko) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 이차전지용 신규 양극 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610615993.2A Division CN106099039A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 二次电池用正极、锂二次电池以及中型和/或大型电池组 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102714308A true CN102714308A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
Family
ID=44720423
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011800056656A Pending CN102714308A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 新型的二次电池用正极 |
CN201610615993.2A Pending CN106099039A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 二次电池用正极、锂二次电池以及中型和/或大型电池组 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610615993.2A Pending CN106099039A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-31 | 二次电池用正极、锂二次电池以及中型和/或大型电池组 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9608259B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2555284A4 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20110110729A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN102714308A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011122877A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104347880A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 可快充的锂离子电池 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101382797B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-04-08 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 리튬이온 이차전지용 양극활물질 및 그것을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지 |
KR101527539B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-17 | 2015-06-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN103117391A (zh) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-05-22 | 清华大学 | 一种钼掺杂包碳型磷酸铁锂正极材料的制备方法 |
CA2916900C (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Mixed positive active material comprising lithium metal oxide and lithium metal phosphate |
KR101656076B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-09-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에너지 밀도가 향상된 전극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101615692A (zh) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 可再充电锂电池 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5773168A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-06-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same |
US6085015A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 2000-07-04 | Hydro-Quebec | Lithium insertion electrode materials based on orthosilicate derivatives |
JP2002080448A (ja) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-19 | Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Kk | ヒドラゾジカルボンアミドの精製方法 |
JP4183374B2 (ja) | 2000-09-29 | 2008-11-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US7358009B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2008-04-15 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Layered electrodes for lithium cells and batteries |
US20030190527A1 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-09 | James Pugh | Batteries comprising alkali-transition metal phosphates and preferred electrolytes |
JP4183472B2 (ja) | 2002-10-10 | 2008-11-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US7041239B2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-05-09 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Electrodes comprising mixed active particles |
US7211237B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2007-05-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Solid state synthesis of lithium ion battery cathode material |
CA2790784C (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2013-02-12 | Universite De Montreal | Process for preparing electroactive insertion compounds and electrode materials obtained therefrom |
JP4819342B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-08 | 2011-11-24 | エレクセル株式会社 | リチウム電池用正極及びこれを用いたリチウム電池 |
KR100570417B1 (ko) | 2004-11-09 | 2006-04-11 | 브이케이 주식회사 | 니켈계 양극 활물질이 첨가된 스피넬형리튬사산화이망간을 양극 활물질로 하는 리튬 이온전지 |
JP2007250299A (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-27 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP5159134B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2013-03-06 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR101328986B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-12 | 2013-11-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 활물질을 포함하는 캐소드 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
KR101430615B1 (ko) * | 2007-09-19 | 2014-08-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 캐소드 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
EP2139059A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
CN102171868A (zh) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-08-31 | 安维亚系统公司 | 具有高比容量的富锂型掺氟金属氧化物正电极电池材料和相应电池 |
CN102668179B (zh) * | 2009-11-25 | 2015-01-07 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 基于两种组分的正极以及包含其的锂二次电池 |
KR101139972B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-24 | 2012-04-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 출력 향상을 위한 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
-
2011
- 2011-03-31 CN CN2011800056656A patent/CN102714308A/zh active Pending
- 2011-03-31 CN CN201610615993.2A patent/CN106099039A/zh active Pending
- 2011-03-31 WO PCT/KR2011/002230 patent/WO2011122877A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2011-03-31 KR KR1020110029592A patent/KR20110110729A/ko active Application Filing
- 2011-03-31 EP EP11763049.1A patent/EP2555284A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-05-11 US US13/469,783 patent/US9608259B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-05 KR KR1020130150563A patent/KR101501440B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101615692A (zh) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 可再充电锂电池 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CHRISTOPHER S. JOHNSON ET AL.: "《Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of Lithium Battery Electrodes: xLi2MnO3∙(1-x)LiMn0.333Ni0.333Co0.333O2 (0≤x≤0.7)》", 《CHEM. MATER.》 * |
CHRISTOPHER S. JOHNSON ET AL.: "《Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of Lithium Battery Electrodes: xLi2MnO3∙(1-x)LiMn0.333Ni0.333Co0.333O2 (0≤x≤0.7)》", 《CHEM. MATER.》, vol. 20, no. 19, 20 September 2008 (2008-09-20), pages 6095 - 6106 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104347880A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 可快充的锂离子电池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120288764A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
KR20110110729A (ko) | 2011-10-07 |
KR20140009087A (ko) | 2014-01-22 |
WO2011122877A2 (ko) | 2011-10-06 |
CN106099039A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
WO2011122877A3 (ko) | 2012-03-15 |
EP2555284A2 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
KR101501440B1 (ko) | 2015-03-11 |
US9608259B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
EP2555284A4 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101139972B1 (ko) | 출력 향상을 위한 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
KR101451196B1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 그것을 포함한 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN102668186B (zh) | 正极活性材料和包含其的锂二次电池 | |
KR101034226B1 (ko) | 두 성분들의 조합에 따른 양극 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN103210526A (zh) | 用于改善输出的锂二次电池用正极材料和包含其的锂二次电池 | |
KR20150037085A (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN104170150B (zh) | 具有优异性能的锂二次电池 | |
US20150340740A1 (en) | Lithium secondary battery of improved rate capability with cathode containing nickel manganese complex oxide for high-voltage applications | |
CN104137307B (zh) | 制造锂二次电池用电极的方法和使用其制造的电极 | |
CN104969400A (zh) | 新型二次电池 | |
KR101501440B1 (ko) | 이차전지용 신규 양극 | |
CN102714314B (zh) | 正极活性材料和包含所述正极活性材料的锂二次电池 | |
US10008720B2 (en) | Method of preparing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries | |
US10128502B2 (en) | Positive electrode active material and lithium secondary battery including the same | |
KR20130117729A (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN104170149B (zh) | 具有优异性能的锂二次电池 | |
CN102859764A (zh) | 二次电池用正极 | |
KR20130117732A (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN102906909A (zh) | 二次电池用正电极活性材料 | |
KR101547919B1 (ko) | 수명특성이 향상된 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법 | |
CN103098267B (zh) | 二次电池用正极活性材料 | |
KR20130008780A (ko) | 이종 전극 활물질층이 코팅된 복합 전극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
CN102870257B (zh) | 二次电池用正极活性材料 | |
KR101616722B1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
KR20130117692A (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20121003 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |