CN102707203A - Discriminating and measuring method for partial discharge modes of transformer - Google Patents
Discriminating and measuring method for partial discharge modes of transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a discriminating and measuring method for partial discharge modes of a transformer. The method includes: measuring discharge conditions of different discharge modes in a measuring device, acquiring and analyzing measuring results to make spectrums, and calculating fingerprints to form a fingerprint database. For an unknown discharge mode of the transformer, the measuring device is used to acquire and analyze the unknown discharge modes to make a spectrum, calculated fingerprint of the unknown discharge mode can be compared with fingerprint information in the fingerprint database, and accordingly, the partial discharge mode of the transformer can be discriminated. By building up the fingerprint database of the partial discharge of the transformer and using information provided by various discharge spectrums, different discharge modes can be discriminated, and valuable data is provided for fingerprint diagnosis and mode discrimination technology. The method has excellent practical value in engineering, and reliability of the method can reach 99.5%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be specifically related to a kind of measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition in the diagnosing fault of power transformer field.
Background technology
Operating electric power transformer insulated complex structure, the kind of contingent internal discharge point and electric discharge type is a lot, and following type is arranged usually:
(1) oil clearance discharge in the oil-barrier insulation of winding middle part;
(2) winding overhang oil clearance discharge;
(3) the oil clearance discharge of contact insulated conductor and insulating paper (lead wire insulation, overlap joint insulation);
(4) shelf depreciation in the paper oil insulation such as lead-in wire, overlap joint line;
(5) oil clearance of (minor insulation) discharge between coil;
(6) turn-to-turn insulation partial breakdown;
(7) insulating paper is along the face gliding spark discharge.
The discharge position is mostly on some oil clearance, oil film wedge, air-gap, the metallic object that floating potential is arranged, conductor wedge angle and solid surface.Thereby mainly can reduce bubble type discharge in tip-type discharge in the oil, oil-barrier type discharge, the oil, the discharge of paper (cardboard) internal voids type, paper (cardboard) along multiple typical discharge types such as the discharge of face type, the discharges of floating potential build.
Digitized measurement is that the research of shelf depreciation provides strong means, makes the measurement of partial discharge technology get into a new stage.Through digitized measurement, can make research and testing staff understand the insulation status of transformer more accurately, more simply, thereby make shelf depreciation identification no longer resemble before the main tester's of dependence test experience.Up to now; Digitized measurement basically all carries out to pulse current method, and it detects according to the IEC60270 standard, has many tangible advantages; But still come with some shortcomings: survey frequency low (usually below 1MHz), lost a large amount of local discharge characteristic information; When being used for online detection, be subject to on-the-spot disturbing effect; The standard discharge mode that existing standard fingerprint (discharge mode that Statistical Operator is formed) storehouse provides is difficult to diagnose all-sidedly and accurately very little.
Summary of the invention
The present invention designs a kind of measuring method that can discern the partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition of the electric discharge type that discharges in the transformer.
The measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) make up the shelf depreciation model:
According to the test result in the laboratory, the electric discharge type in the transformer is reduced five types: the discharge of paper (cardboard) internal voids type, paper (cardboard) are along bubble type discharge in the discharge of face type, the discharge of floating potential build, the oil, oil-barrier type discharge;
1. make up paper (cardboard) internal voids type discharging model
Adopt plate-plate electrode and test product one, test product one is the insulating board of impregnated insulation paper plate therebetween one bed thickness 0.5～1.5mm of two bed thickness 1.0mm, and test product one places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode, immerses in the transformer oil; Because all there is a large amount of air gaps in which floor medium between medium and electrode, under plus high-pressure, these air gap generation internal discharges, the internal voids discharge of simulation cardboard;
2. make up paper (cardboard) along face type discharging model
Adopt at a distance of 15mm plate-plate electrode and test product two, test product two is the thick insulating board of the pretreated 2.5mm of process, and test product two places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode, immerses in the transformer oil creeping discharge of analog insulation cardboard;
3. make up floating potential build discharging model
Adopt post electrode, plate electrode and test product three, test product three is a metallic conductor, and test product three places as between the plate electrode of suspension electrode and the post electrode as high-field electrode, and the distance between post electrode and plate electrode is elected 4mm as; The model immerses in the transformer oil, the discharge of simulation floating potential;
4. make up bubble type discharging model in the oil
Adopt plate electrode, post electrode and test product four, test product four is the dry insulating board of 1.0mm, and test product four is clipped between plate electrode and the post electrode, immerses in the transformer oil; Because test product four is immersion oil not in advance, thus paperboard surface and cardboard are inner can be with more bubble, when electrode pressurize, be beneficial to and take place that bubble discharges in the oil, the bubble type discharges in the simulated oil;
5. make up oil-barrier type discharging model
Adopt plate electrode, sharp electrode and test product five, test product five is the oil immersion cardboard of 1mm thickness, oil immersion cardboard close adhesion plate electrode, and sharp electrode and oil immersion cardboard immerse The model in the transformer oil at a distance of 1mm, simulated oil-barrier type discharge;
2) make up measurement mechanism
The measurement mechanism of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition includes experimental power supply; Experimental power supply inserts automatic coupling voltage regulator; Insert isolating transformer by automatic coupling voltage regulator output back, insert partial discharge-free test transformer by isolating transformer output back, parallelly connected after the impedance of a low pass high resistant of partial discharge-free test transformer series connection with an electrostatic voltmeter; Again with mutual coupling capacitance of connecting, detect the impedance parallel connection, more respectively with step 1) in the shelf depreciation model parallelly connected; Shelf depreciation model parallel connection in the step 1) is put in the transformer-cabinet of a sealing, is full of transformer oil in the casing, cabinet shell ground connection forms shielding construction; The superfrequency sensor is installed on the box body wall, and the superfrequency sensor is connected with the signal condition unit with spectrum analyzer through cable respectively, and spectrum analyzer is connected industrial control computer with the signal condition unit;
3) discharge parameter of the parameter of setting device and measuring transformer shelf depreciation model
1. gather the corresponding wide band frequency domain data of shelf depreciation model discharge, compare with ground unrest, choose optimal frequency as centre frequency, the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer is adjusted to optimal frequency, bandwidth is set to about 5MHz;
2. high-voltage power supply is given the power supply of the shelf depreciation model in the step 1) respectively through bushing;
3. the electromagnetic wave of each shelf depreciation model discharge generation is respectively by after the superfrequency sensor reception that is installed on the box body wall; Send into spectrum analyzer and signal condition unit respectively through the measurement cable of 50 Ω; After resume module such as mixing amplification filtering wherein, by industrial control computer gather through the NI5112 capture card and the discharge capacity q of record discharge, voltage u, discharge time t;
4. each shelf depreciation model repeating step is 3. more than five times;
The discharge capacity q of each the shelf depreciation model discharge that 5. above-mentioned steps is drawn, voltage u, discharge time, t processed spectrogram; Calculate the fingerprint of being made up of Statistical Operator of these spectrograms then, repeatedly the fingerprint of the discharge of the shelf depreciation model of experiment has just constituted fingerprint base;
4) measurement result of shelf depreciation model is applied in the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE
For the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE, compare with the fingerprint of every kind of discharge in the fingerprint base through the fingerprint value of gathering, spectrogram calculates, fingerprint obtains after calculating, identify electric discharge type.
The measuring method of described partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: described transformer oil pure for after handling through dehydration, the degassing
#25 transformer oil.
The measuring method of described partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the material of described plate electrode, post electrode, sharp electrode is a brass; Plate electrode is of a size of φ 100 * 15mm; The post electrode size is φ 20 * 25mm; The point electrode size is point footpath 5mm, tip curvature radius 0.04mm, 30 ° of long 15mm of point of cone angle.
The measuring method of described partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the rated voltage U of described partial discharge-free test transformer
N=100kV, rated power S
N=10kVA, discharge capacity is less than 3pC under the 100kV.
The measuring method of described partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the impedance of described low pass high resistant is for selecting water resistance for use, and resistance is 200-300k Ω.
The measuring method of described partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the electric capacity of described coupling capacitance is 100pF, and the power frequency experimental voltage that can bear is 100kV, and the discharge capacity under the 100kV is less than 2pC.
Principle of the present invention is:
The present invention is utilized in the discharge scenario of the different shelf depreciation model of measurement in the measurement mechanism; And after processing collection of illustrative plates behind the measurement result collection analysis, calculating fingerprint, constitute fingerprint base; In the transformer discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE process collection of illustrative plates after only needing it is utilized the measurement mechanism collection analysis, calculate behind the fingerprint with fingerprint base in the finger print information contrast, can discern the shelf depreciation type of transformer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention has set up the partial discharge of transformer fingerprint base; The information of utilizing various discharge spectrograms to provide can be distinguished dissimilar discharges, for the application of fingerprint diagnosis and mode identification technology provides valuable data; Have the excellent engineering practical value, its confidence level is 99.5%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is five kinds of typical shelf depreciation models (wherein (a) is internal voids type discharging model, is along face type discharging model (b), (c) is floating potential build discharging model, (d) is bubble type discharging model in the oil, (e) oil-barrier type discharging model).
Fig. 2 utilizes the recognition result of measuring method of the present invention to certain type local discharge signal.
Fig. 3 is the experimental wiring figure of partial discharge of transformer measurement mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a general diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 1～shown in Figure 4, the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) make up the shelf depreciation model:
According to the test result in the laboratory, the electric discharge type in the transformer is reduced five types: the discharge of paper (cardboard) internal voids type, paper (cardboard) are along bubble type discharge in the discharge of face type, the discharge of floating potential build, the oil, oil-barrier type discharge;
1. make up paper (cardboard) internal voids type discharging model
Adopt plate-plate electrode 102 and test product one, test product one is the insulating board of impregnated insulation paper plate 101 therebetween one bed thickness 0.5～1.5mm of two bed thickness 1.0mm, and test product one places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode 102, immerses in the transformer oil; Because all there is a large amount of air gaps in which floor medium between medium and electrode, under plus high-pressure, these air gap generation internal discharges, the internal voids discharge of simulation cardboard;
2. make up paper (cardboard) along face type discharging model
Adopt at a distance of 15mm plate-plate electrode 102 and test product two, test product two is the thick insulating board 101 of the pretreated 2.5mm of process, and test product two places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode 102, immerses in the transformer oil creeping discharge of analog insulation cardboard;
3. make up floating potential build discharging model
Adopt post electrode 103, plate electrode 102 and test product three, test product three is a metallic conductor, and test product three places as between the plate electrode 102 of suspension electrode and the post electrode 103 as high-field electrode, and the distance that post electrode 103 and plate electrode are 102 is elected 4mm as; The model immerses in the transformer oil, the discharge of simulation floating potential;
4. make up bubble type discharging model in the oil
Adopt plate electrode 102, post electrode 103 and test product four, test product four is the dry insulating board 101 of 1.0mm, and test product four is clipped between plate electrode 102 and the post electrode 103, immerses in the transformer oil; Because test product four is immersion oil not in advance, thus paperboard surface and cardboard are inner can be with more bubble, when electrode pressurize, be beneficial to and take place that bubble discharges in the oil, the bubble type discharges in the simulated oil;
5. make up oil-barrier type discharging model
Adopt plate electrode 102, sharp electrode 104 and test product five; Test product five is the oil-immersed insulating paper plate 101 of 1mm thickness, oil-immersed insulating paper plate 101 close adhesion plate electrodes 102, and sharp electrode 104 and oil-immersed insulating paper plate 101 are at a distance of 1mm; The model is immersed in the transformer oil simulated oil-barrier type discharge;
2) make up measurement mechanism
The measurement mechanism of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition includes experimental power supply; Experimental power supply inserts automatic coupling voltage regulator T1; Insert isolating transformer T2 by automatic coupling voltage regulator T1 output back; Insert partial discharge-free test transformer T3 by isolating transformer T2 output back, parallelly connected after low pass high resistant impedance Z of partial discharge-free test transformer T3 series connection with an electrostatic voltmeter EVM, again with the mutual coupling capacitance C that connects
K, detect impedance Z
mParallel connection, more respectively with step 1) in the shelf depreciation MODEL C
xParallel connection; With the shelf depreciation MODEL C in the step 1)
xParallel connection is put in the transformer-cabinet of a sealing, is full of transformer oil in the casing, and cabinet shell ground connection forms shielding construction; Superfrequency sensor 301 is installed on the box body wall, and superfrequency sensor 301 is connected with signal condition unit 303 with spectrum analyzer 302 through cable C1 respectively, and spectrum analyzer 302 is connected industrial control computer 304 with signal condition unit 303;
3) discharge parameter of the parameter of setting device and measuring transformer shelf depreciation model
1. gather the corresponding wide band frequency domain data of shelf depreciation model discharge, compare with ground unrest, choose optimal frequency as centre frequency, the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer is adjusted to optimal frequency, bandwidth is set to about 5MHz;
2. high-voltage power supply is given the power supply of the shelf depreciation model in the step 1) respectively through bushing;
3. the electromagnetic wave of each shelf depreciation model discharge generation is respectively by after the superfrequency sensor reception that is installed on the box body wall; Send into spectrum analyzer and signal condition unit respectively through the measurement cable of 50 Ω; After resume module such as mixing amplification filtering wherein, by industrial control computer gather through the NI5112 capture card and the discharge capacity q of record discharge, voltage u, discharge time t;
4. each shelf depreciation model repeating step is 3. more than five times;
The discharge capacity q of each the shelf depreciation model discharge that 5. above-mentioned steps is drawn, voltage u, discharge time, t processed spectrogram; Calculate the fingerprint of being made up of Statistical Operator of these spectrograms then, repeatedly the fingerprint of the discharge of the shelf depreciation model of experiment has just constituted fingerprint base;
4) measurement result of shelf depreciation model is applied in the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE
For the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE, compare with the fingerprint of every kind of discharge in the fingerprint base through the fingerprint value of gathering, spectrogram calculates, fingerprint obtains after calculating, identify electric discharge type.
Transformer oil pure for after handling through dehydration, the degassing
#25 transformer oil.
The material of plate electrode, post electrode, sharp electrode is a brass; Plate electrode is of a size of φ 100 * 15mm; The post electrode size is φ 20 * 25mm; The point electrode size is point footpath 5mm, tip curvature radius 0.04mm, 30 ° of long 15mm of point of cone angle.
The rated voltage U of partial discharge-free test transformer
N=100kV, rated power S
N=10kVA, discharge capacity is less than 3pC under the 100kV.
The measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the impedance of described low pass high resistant is for selecting water resistance for use, and resistance is 300k Ω.
The measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that: the electric capacity of described coupling capacitance is 100pF, and the power frequency experimental voltage that can bear is 100kV, and the discharge capacity under the 100kV is less than 2pC.
Isolating transformer T2 can suppress the higher hamonic wave scurried in the electrical network effectively, improves the quality of power supply.For avoiding the high-voltage connection corona discharge, lead-in wire has adopted the smooth copper bar, and all connectors all pass through special processing.Low pass high resistant impedance Z is selected water resistance for use, and it is in the shelf depreciation MODEL C
xWhen puncturing suddenly, play metering function, the protection experimental facilities also helps to suppress simultaneously the interference of mains side.Choosing of water resistance resistance must be suitable, and the excessive voltage that possibly influence on the model does not too smallly then have a protective effect, is taken as 300k Ω in the experiment.Coupling capacitance C
KEffect, on the one hand be to isolate power frequency high voltage, make the detection impedance Z
mOn the voltage that bears very low, can trouble free service to guarantee measurement mechanism; Local discharge signal with test product is coupled to the detection impedance Z on the other hand
mCome up.
The data flow of whole pattern-recognition is as shown in Figure 4, at first measuring method gained data is carried out subsequent treatment, the shelf depreciation data of time domain is carried out the software peak value handle, and the analog hardware peak value keeps.Simultaneously, the power-frequency voltage cycle is divided into 500 phase window, in each phase window, will carries out peak value above the maximum data of threshold value and keep, then the gained result is pressed the format in discharge capacity, voltage, phase place, cycle.
Then the discharge signal of a plurality of power frequency periods is added up, obtained the various distribution spectrograms of shelf depreciation.Be the various shelf depreciation parameters of the resulting a plurality of power frequency periods of unit statistical measurement then with the phase window.The system calculates and displays three important window based on the phase of the discharge spectrum: maximum discharge volume phase distribution
The average discharge phase distribution
discharge cycles phase distribution
The system extracts
H (q) and H (p) spectra of five kinds of two-dimensional discharge ,
3D discharge spectra and discharge ellipse.
Then statistical study is carried out in various distributions, described the shape facility of certain distribution with quantitative parameter (Statistical Operator).The present invention is with reference to TE571; Except that choosing 29 popular in the world Statistical Operator; Also added phase place intermediate value μ first; Comprise 37 Statistical Operator altogether, comprise measure of skewness Sk, standout Ku, local peaks number Pe, discharge degree of asymmetry Q, phase place degree of asymmetry φ, simple crosscorrelation factor cc, phase place intermediate value μ, revise correlation factor mcc etc., utilize these characteristic fingerprints can carry out electric discharge type identification.
In addition, selected part Statistical Operator from 37 Statistical Operator according to actual needs, research can reflect the characteristic operator that discharge characteristic changes preferably, thereby can simplify follow-up algorithm for pattern recognition.
Consider that raw data will constantly accumulate in practical application with different electric discharge types; The present invention has adopted comparatively open discharge fingerprint base way to manage; Adopt from big to small the fingerprint base of one-level level to deposit form, formed a perfect fingerprint base and administered and maintained system.Adopt the structure of " device level-problem level-fingerprint level " generally, increased the dirigibility of system.In practical application, when can carrying out data to corresponding rank when different ranks obtains new valuable data, the user adds, improved the expandability of system so greatly.
Claims (6)
1. the measuring method of a partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition is characterized in that, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) make up the shelf depreciation model:
According to the test result in the laboratory, the electric discharge type in the transformer is reduced five types: the discharge of paper (cardboard) internal voids type, paper (cardboard) are along bubble type discharge in the discharge of face type, the discharge of floating potential build, the oil, oil-barrier type discharge;
1. make up paper (cardboard) internal voids type discharging model
Adopt plate-plate electrode and test product one, test product one is the insulating board of impregnated insulation paper plate therebetween one bed thickness 0.5～1.5mm of two bed thickness 1.0mm, and test product one places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode, immerses in the transformer oil; Because all there is a large amount of air gaps in which floor medium between medium and electrode, under plus high-pressure, these air gap generation internal discharges, the internal voids discharge of simulation cardboard;
2. make up paper (cardboard) along face type discharging model
Adopt at a distance of 15mm plate-plate electrode and test product two, test product two is the thick insulating board of the pretreated 2.5mm of process, and test product two places between two plate electrodes of plate-plate electrode, immerses in the transformer oil creeping discharge of analog insulation cardboard;
3. make up floating potential build discharging model
Adopt post electrode, plate electrode and test product three, test product three is a metallic conductor, and test product three places as between the plate electrode of suspension electrode and the post electrode as high-field electrode, and the distance between post electrode and plate electrode is elected 4mm as; The model immerses in the transformer oil, the discharge of simulation floating potential;
4. make up bubble type discharging model in the oil
Adopt plate electrode, post electrode and test product four, test product four is the dry insulating board of 1.0mm, and test product four is clipped between plate electrode and the post electrode, immerses in the transformer oil; Because test product four is immersion oil not in advance, thus paperboard surface and cardboard are inner can be with more bubble, when electrode pressurize, be beneficial to and take place that bubble discharges in the oil, the bubble type discharges in the simulated oil;
5. make up oil-barrier type discharging model
Adopt plate electrode, sharp electrode and test product five, test product five is the oil immersion cardboard of 1mm thickness, oil immersion cardboard close adhesion plate electrode, and sharp electrode and oil immersion cardboard immerse The model in the transformer oil at a distance of 1mm, simulated oil-barrier type discharge;
2) make up measurement mechanism
The measurement mechanism of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition includes experimental power supply; Experimental power supply inserts automatic coupling voltage regulator; Insert isolating transformer by automatic coupling voltage regulator output back, insert partial discharge-free test transformer by isolating transformer output back, parallelly connected after the impedance of a low pass high resistant of partial discharge-free test transformer series connection with an electrostatic voltmeter; Again with mutual coupling capacitance of connecting, detect the impedance parallel connection, more respectively with step 1) in the shelf depreciation model parallelly connected; Shelf depreciation model parallel connection in the step 1) is put in the transformer-cabinet of a sealing, is full of transformer oil in the casing, cabinet shell ground connection forms shielding construction; The superfrequency sensor is installed on the box body wall, and the superfrequency sensor is connected with the signal condition unit with spectrum analyzer through cable respectively, and spectrum analyzer is connected industrial control computer with the signal condition unit;
3) discharge parameter of the parameter of setting device and measuring transformer shelf depreciation model
1. gather the corresponding wide band frequency domain data of shelf depreciation model discharge, compare with ground unrest, choose optimal frequency as centre frequency, the centre frequency of spectrum analyzer is adjusted to optimal frequency, bandwidth is set to about 5MHz;
2. high-voltage power supply is given the power supply of the shelf depreciation model in the step 1) respectively through bushing;
3. the electromagnetic wave of each shelf depreciation model discharge generation is respectively by after the superfrequency sensor reception that is installed on the box body wall; Send into spectrum analyzer and signal condition unit respectively through the measurement cable of 50 Ω; After resume module such as mixing amplification filtering wherein, by industrial control computer gather through the NI5112 capture card and the discharge capacity q of record discharge, voltage u, discharge time t;
4. each shelf depreciation model repeating step is 3. more than five times;
The discharge capacity q of each the shelf depreciation model discharge that 5. above-mentioned steps is drawn, voltage u, discharge time, t processed spectrogram; Calculate the fingerprint of being made up of Statistical Operator of these spectrograms then, repeatedly the fingerprint of the discharge of the shelf depreciation model of experiment has just constituted fingerprint base;
4) measurement result of shelf depreciation model is applied in the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE
For the discharge of UNKNOWN TYPE, compare with the fingerprint of every kind of discharge in the fingerprint base through the fingerprint value of gathering, spectrogram calculates, fingerprint obtains after calculating, identify electric discharge type.
2. the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described transformer oil pure for after handling through dehydration, the degassing
#25 transformer oil.
3. the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of described plate electrode, post electrode, sharp electrode is a brass; Plate electrode is of a size of φ 100 * 15mm; The post electrode size is φ 20 * 25mm; The point electrode size is point footpath 5mm, tip curvature radius 0.04mm, 30 ° of long 15mm of point of cone angle.
4. the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rated voltage U of described partial discharge-free test transformer
N=100kV, rated power S
N=10kVA, discharge capacity is less than 3pC under the 100kV.
5. the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the impedance of described low pass high resistant is for selecting water resistance for use, and resistance is 200-300k Ω.
6. the measuring method of partial discharge of transformer pattern-recognition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electric capacity of described coupling capacitance is 100pF, and the power frequency experimental voltage that can bear is 100kV, and the discharge capacity under the 100kV is less than 2pC.
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