CN102674976B - Leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications thereof - Google Patents
Leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications of the nutritional formula. The leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula is prepared by comprising the following steps: respectively packaging nutritional matrix and nutritional fertilizer according to mass proportion of 100:0.3-0.6, wherein the raw materials of the nutritional matrix comprises expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, sawdust, calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc sulfate, and the raw materials of nutritional fertilizer comprises ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride. According to the leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula, nutrients in the matrix and nutrients in the fertilizer can be matched, thus commonly achieving the purpose of providing nutrition for leaf-watching flowers in a balancing manner. The invention further provides a preparation method and the applications of leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula, and good effect is achieved by culture experiments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal and methods for making and using same thereof, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
External soilless culture of flowers starts from the seventies in last century, and that uses at first comprises Poland, Holland, Britain, Germany etc.China's soilless culture of flowers was period with fastest developing speed the eighties in last century in recent years.Soilless culture of flowers is compared with traditional soil cultivation, and its major advantage is that output height, quality are good, the matrix health, be easy to carry out adjusting and controlling growth, be not subjected to region restriction etc.Floriculture is to cultivate under the potted plant or industrializing facility condition at home generally speaking, environment ventilation of living in is bad, high humidity, if cultivation matrix nutrition is too abundant, in the course of cultivation, various microorganisms such as bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, virus etc. can enter by all means grows in the cultivation matrix in a large number, causes the generation of various diseases, insect pest.
CN101548640A (CN200910076676.8) discloses a kind of floriculture matrix and preparation method thereof, the floriculture matrix of this invention comprises major ingredient and additive, wherein major ingredient is peat, perlite and vermiculite, additive is that water supply in media conditioner, pH conditioning agent dolomite dust or Paris white and 2-3-6 nutrition start agent, and the particle diameter of peat, perlite and vermiculite is greater than 3mm.Described water supply in media conditioner comprises steroid saponin solution and polyoxyethylate amide, and the mass percent concentration of described steroid saponin solution is 1-2%, and described steroid saponin solution and polyoxyethylate amide weight portion proportioning are 80-95: 5-20; This floriculture matrix nutrition equilibrium, physical property is stable, and the water supply in media conditioner can reduce stromal surface tension force, improves wetting power and the homogeneity of stromal surface, has significantly improved the water imbibition of peat growing medium, delays the efflorescence of peat.
Watch leaf flower is the main kind of floriculture, and according to investigations, the cultivation quantity of watch leaf flower accounts for more than 70% of whole flowers.Watch leaf flower is appreciated for people with the moulding of its beautiful blade shape, color and whole strain.Although the regulation and control of these fundamental propertys and flower variety, environmental temperature, water supply in media have close relationship, also be subjected to the nutrient influence of supply rationally simultaneously.At first, balance can make the plant strain growth stalwartness between nutrient supply abundance, each nutrient, improves ornamental performance; Secondly, the shortage of the nutritive element that some is special such as iron, magnesium, nitrogen reduces chlorophyll content in leaf blades, and photosynthesis reduces, and the leaf look thin out.Moreover, by the supply form of allocating nutritive element blade shape, color are changed.
CN101723742A(CN200910242677.5) provide a kind of euphorbia pulcherrima culture matrix, comprise as the organic waste host material of main component with as the perlite of auxiliary element, wherein, described organic waste host material be the deficiency that can remedy the single-matrix physicochemical character mutually, the physicochemical character that improves cultivation matrix, respectively through two or more the mixture of organic waste in agricultural and forest industries of fermentation process.The mixed-matrix of this invention can overcome the deficiency of single-matrix, improve the physicochemical property of matrix, improve the cultivation quality of poinsettia, reduced the consumption of peat in soilless culture of flowers simultaneously, realized the recycling of organic waste in agricultural and forest industries such as wheat-straw, cornstalk and peanut shell, significantly reduce production cost, had obvious social, economic benefit and environmental ecological benefit.
Floriculture matrix at present commonly used comprises inorganic cultivation matrix and organic culture substrate, and inorganic matrix has rock wool, perlite, vermiculite etc., and organic substrate is that various organic matters become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and make.The clean health of inorganic matrix be not easy to grow assorted bacterium, insect pest, but nutriment can not satisfy the flowers needs; Though organic substrate is nutritious, easily produce damage by disease and insect and contaminated environment.If take full advantage of advantages such as the clean health of inorganic matrix, provide nutrition with reasonable manner again, promote the good growth of watch leaf flower, be to improve it to utilize one of important measures of function.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal.
The present invention also provides preparation method and the application of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite to the suction-operated of nutritive element, at first nutritive elements such as the needed phosphorus of watch leaf flower, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc are mixed with expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, wood chip, and placement certain hour, it is fully adsorbed, form the solid nutrient matrix.The nutrient situation that can offer watch leaf flower according to matrix is prepared nutritious fertilizer in addition again, makes that nutrient cooperatively interacts in nutrient in the matrix and the fertilizer, reaches the purpose that balance provides the watch leaf flower nutrient jointly.The present invention has obtained good effect through experiment in cultivation.
The term explanation
Watch leaf flower: in breeding cycle, do not bloom or the florescence very short, based on class flowers of the shape of viewing and admiring leaf, color etc., as epipremnum aureum, bracketplant, Monstera deliciosa, sago cycas, kaffir lily, green beauty, poinsettia etc.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal is formed nutrient matrix by nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer two parts: nutritious fertilizer mass ratio=100: (0.3～0.6); Wherein,
Described nutrient matrix, the raw material mass parts is as follows:
Described nutritious fertilizer raw material mass parts is: 5～8 parts in ammonium nitrate, 2～5 parts in potassium chloride.
Above-mentioned nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively.
According to the present invention, preferred, described expanded perlite particle diameter 2-4mm, commercially available prod.
According to the present invention, preferred, described expanded vermiculite particle diameter 1-3mm, commercially available prod.
Wood chip of the present invention is the crushed material of waste wood in the timber process.Preferably, hardwood sawdust is crossed aperture 3～4mm sieve, places under the natural environment to be no less than half a year.Further preferred wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material.
Contain phosphorus pentoxide 12～16wt% according to superphosphate of the present invention, Powdered, market is on sale.
Magnesium sulfate of the present invention, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulphate, the commercially available prod.
In the watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention, nutrient matrix is used for sowing flower seed or plantation flowers seedling, and nutritious fertilizer is made into the aqueous solution and uses successively when watering by the form of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
According to the present invention, one of preferred scheme:
A kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.5, respectively packing; Wherein, described nutrient matrix raw material mass parts is as follows:
Described nutritious fertilizer raw material mass parts is: 6.5～7.5 parts in ammonium nitrate, 2.5～3.5 parts in potassium chloride.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, step is as follows:
(1) by proportioning, gets expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, wood chip, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulphate, mix; The moisture of adjusting compound is 25 ~ 28wt%, places 3-5 hour; Turning was placed 3-5 hour again; Dry or dry to moisture 20wt%, get nutrient matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing reinstalls in the sack, namely respectively.
Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention is used, method such as one of following:
1, gets nutrient matrix, reserve the matrix of enough covering 2-3 cm thicks, with the remainder cultivating container (basin, dish or geosyncline) of packing into, water sufficient moisture, when the stromal surface no liquid water surface, flower seed is sowed at the nutrient matrix surface, and then the matrix of reserving is covered flower seed 2-3 cm thick.When flowers seedling length to three slice true leaf, it is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively by mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
2, get nutrient matrix, reserve the matrix of enough coverings 1-2 cm thick, with the remainder cultivating container (basin, dish or geosyncline) of packing into, plant the flowers seedling before watering earlier, water sufficient moisture, when the stromal surface no liquid water surface, cover the matrix of the 1-2 cm thick of reservation again.Treat that flowers return that nutritious fertilizer to be made into mass ratio behind the seedling be 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively by mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
Above-mentioned nutritious fertilizer 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000 refers to that the nutritious fertilizer of 1 mass parts adds the water of 1500-2000 mass parts.Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention, can be flowers provides the nutrition time to be about 1 year.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. matrix has both ventilation and two kinds of functions of water conservation
Expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite belong to the water swelling mineral, have good moisture capacity, but excess moisture often influences the venting capability of matrix, and the adding of wood chip has obviously increased air capacity of soils, cooperatively interact between them, can be flowers good root growth environment is provided.
2. promote that the flower leaf look dark green
Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients such as iron, magnesium and ammonium nitrogen element for flowers, these nutrients have obvious facilitation to the synthetic grade of flowers blade green element of middle period, increase chlorophyll content, improved the sight of flowers.
3. the nutritious fertilizer dissolubility is good, avoids precipitation to take place
The present invention combines matrix nutrition and fertilizer nutrition, nutritive elements such as the phosphorus that forms precipitation easily, calcium, iron are placed in the matrix, its fertilizer partly has only nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, these two kinds of fertilizer dissolubilities are good, avoided nutrient solution to produce precipitation, the uniformity of influence fertilising improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, this fertilizer also can adopt forms such as drip irrigation, not blocking pipe simultaneously.
4. avoid salt damage
What the required nutrient of flowers was maximum is nitrogen and potassium element, and these two kinds of nutrient dissolubilities are good, all is added in the matrix as if disposable, then they mainly are present in the solution of matrix with ionic condition, can increase solution concentration, cause flower root system suction difficulty, produce salt damage.The present invention uses successively with the form wiring solution-forming of nutritious fertilizer, has avoided the generation of salt damage.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts.Raw material is described as follows: expanded perlite, Zhang Dian roc high mountain, Zibo insulation material factory produces, particle diameter 2-4mm.Expanded vermiculite, the permanent vermiculite in source, Lingshou County, Hebei province processing factory, particle diameter 1-3mm.Wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material, crosses aperture 3～4mm sieve, places half a year under the natural environment.Superphosphate, Shandong Province Xintai City phosphate fertilizer Co., Ltd produces, and contains phosphorus pentoxide 12wt%.
Embodiment 1: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, formed by nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer two parts, wherein,
The nutrient matrix raw material is formed:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: ammonium nitrate 7kg, potassium sulphate 3kg.
Nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer are pressed mass ratio 100: 0.5 packing respectively.
The preparation method:
(1) by proportioning, gets expanded perlite 300kg, expanded vermiculite 280kg, wood chip 378kg, superphosphate 30kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, ferrous sulfate 1.5kg, zinc sulphate 0.5kg, mix; The moisture of adjusting compound is 25wt%, places 5 hours; Turning was placed 3 hours again; Dry to moisture 20wt%, get nutrient matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get ammonium nitrate 7kg, potassium sulphate 3kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer, pack respectively, in the sack of again both being packed into namely.
Embodiment 2: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.3, wherein, nutrient matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: ammonium nitrate 8kg, potassium sulphate 2kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.4, wherein, nutrient matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: ammonium nitrate 6kg, potassium sulphate 4kg.
The preparation method:
(1) by proportioning, gets expanded perlite 380kg, expanded vermiculite 330kg, wood chip 255kg, superphosphate 25kg, magnesium sulfate 8kg, ferrous sulfate 1.8kg, zinc sulphate 0.2kg, mix; The moisture of adjusting compound is 28wt%, places 4 hours; Turning was placed 4 hours again; Dry to moisture 20wt%, get nutrient matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get ammonium nitrate 6kg, potassium sulphate 4kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing respectively, in the sack of again both being packed into namely.
Embodiment 4: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.6, wherein, nutrient matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: ammonium nitrate 5kg, potassium sulphate 5kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 3.
Comparative Examples:
Common nutrition type cultivation matrix, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, mainly being the organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed and flyash mixes with 2: 1 mass ratio, and added nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15-15-15) three element compound fertilizer of 0.5wt%, organic matter raw material is that xylitol slag and furfural dregs are with the composition of 1 ﹕, 1 mass ratio.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: the county that conquers east, Shandong Province, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. experimental plot.
Test period: year February in March, 2011 to 2012.
One, for the examination flower variety: epipremnum aureum.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals and the Comparative Examples nutrition type cultivation matrix of establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing, and each is handled and repeats 10 times, every potted plant 4 of epipremnum aureum seedlings of the same size of planting.It is that 1: 1800 the aqueous solution applies at the epipremnum aureum growing period successively by the mode of watering that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 5.4 | 7.9 |
| Embodiment 2 | 4.3 | 6.2 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5.2 | 7.3 |
| Embodiment 4 | 4.9 | 6.8 |
Two, for the examination flower variety: poinsettia.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals and the Comparative Examples nutrition type cultivation matrix of establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing, and each is handled and repeats 8 times, every potted plant 2 of poinsettia of the same size of planting.It is that 1: 1500 the aqueous solution applies at the poinsettia growing period successively by the mode of watering that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect sees Table 2.
Table 2. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
Three, for the examination flower variety: bracketplant.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals and the Comparative Examples nutrition type cultivation matrix of establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing, and each is handled and repeats 10 times, every potted plant 3 of bracketplant of the same size of planting.It is that 1: 2000 the aqueous solution applies at the bracketplant growing period successively by the mode of watering that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect sees Table 3.
Table 3. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 6.2 | 4.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 4.8 | 3.9 |
| Embodiment 4 | 5.9 | 4.2 |
Claims (1)
1. a watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal is characterized in that forming nutrient matrix by nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer two parts: nutritious fertilizer=100: (0.3～0.6) mass ratio; Wherein,
Described nutrient matrix, the raw material mass parts is as follows:
280～400 parts of expanded perlites,
250～350 parts of expanded vermiculites,
250～400 parts of wood chips,
20～32 parts of superphosphate,
5～12 parts in magnesium sulfate,
1.2～2 parts in ferrous sulfate,
0.2～1 part in zinc sulphate;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw material mass parts is: 5～8 parts in ammonium nitrate, 2～5 parts in potassium chloride;
Above-mentioned nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively.
2, watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.5, and wherein, described nutrient matrix raw material mass parts is as follows:
290～310 parts of expanded perlites,
270～290 parts of expanded vermiculites,
370～390 parts of wood chips,
29～31 parts of superphosphate,
9～11 parts in magnesium sulfate,
1.4～1.6 parts in ferrous sulfate,
0.4～0.6 part in zinc sulphate;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw material mass parts is: 6.5～7.5 parts in ammonium nitrate, 2.5～3.5 parts in potassium chloride.
3, the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals, step is as follows:
(1) by proportioning, gets expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, wood chip, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulphate, mix; The moisture of adjusting compound is 25 ~ 28 wt %, places 3-5 hour; Turning was placed 3-5 hour again; Dry or dry to moisture 20 wt %, get nutrient matrix;
(2) by proportioning, get ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(3) by proportioning, get nutrient matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing reinstalls in the sack, namely respectively.
4, claim 1 or 2 described watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals are used, application method such as one of following:
A, get nutrient matrix, reserve the matrix of enough coverings 2-3 cm thick, with the remainder cultivating container of packing into, water sufficient water, when the stromal surface no liquid water surface, flower seed is sowed at the nutrient matrix surface, and then the matrix of reserving is covered flower seed 2-3 cm thick; When flowers seedling length to three slice true leaf, it is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively by mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation; Perhaps,
B, get nutrient matrix, reserve the matrix of enough covering 1-2 cm thicks, with the remainder cultivating container of packing into, plant the flowers seedling before watering earlier, water sufficient water, when the stromal surface no liquid water surface, cover the matrix of the 1-2 cm thick of reservation again; Treat that flowers return that nutritious fertilizer to be made into mass ratio behind the seedling be 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively by mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
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| CN103524204A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 张爱萍 | Sawdust nutrient medium for soilless cultivation |
| CN104725133B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A kind of houseplant control life matrix and preparation method |
| CN105010107A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-04 | 梁海林 | Soilless culture method of scindapsus aureus |
| CN106258891A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN108059552A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-05-22 | 众德肥料（烟台）有限公司 | A kind of flowers quantitative fertilization block and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728894A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Flower cultivation nutrient medium and preparation method thereof |
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