CN102608743B - Solar axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser - Google Patents
Solar axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102608743B CN102608743B CN201210116069.1A CN201210116069A CN102608743B CN 102608743 B CN102608743 B CN 102608743B CN 201210116069 A CN201210116069 A CN 201210116069A CN 102608743 B CN102608743 B CN 102608743B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser. The condenser comprises a ring-shaped converging lens board, a ring-shaped diverging lens board, a first reflector, i<th> reflectors, p<th> reflectors and frames, wherein corresponding n-numbered ring-shaped converging lenses and ring-shaped diverging lenses are arranged on the ring-shaped converging lens board and the ring-shaped diverging lens board; output reflecting conical surfaces are arranged on the first reflector; output reflecting conical surfaces and normal reflecting conical surfaces are arranged on the i<th> reflectors; normal reflecting conical surfaces are arranged on the p<th> reflectors; the incident sunlight passes through the ring-shaped converging lenses and the ring-shaped diverging lenses to form lens condensed parallel light; reflection light is formed through the normal reflecting conical surfaces; and then condensed output light is formed through the output reflecting conical surfaces. The device has the following beneficial effects that: the incident sunlight on the surface can be completely converted to condensed light; the condensed output light and the incident sunlight are parallel and are propagated in the same direction; the condensation region is behind the condenser; the condensation distance is short; the processing difficulty is low; the condensed light radiation efficiency is high; and the condensed light is uniform in radiation and distribution.
Description
Technical field
ThisInventionIt is related to technical field of solar utilization technique, more particularly to a kind of Optical devices that optically focused is carried out to sunshine.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of regenerative resource of cleanliness without any pollution, inexhaustible; the conventional energy resource of increasingly depleted can not only be saved by fully developing solar energy; alleviate severe shortage of resources problem, but also pollution can be reduced, protect ecological environment for the survival of mankind.
In numerous solar utilization techniques, most commonly seen has solar energy power generating, solar energy thermal-power-generating, solar water heater etc..At present, in solar energy power generating, the overwhelming majority uses the photovoltaic power generation technology of silicon cell, and 15% or so the energy that silicon cell will only reach the solar energy on ground is converted to electric energy, and the utilization ratio of solar energy is overall or than relatively low.
In solar light-heat power-generation technology, optically focused first mainly is carried out to sunshine, reaches after high temperature, recycles its heat to be generated electricity.Including solar photovoltaic technology, current light condensing technology mainly has reflection concentration type and the class of transmission-type optically focused two.Reflection concentration type mainly has tower, dish-style, four kinds of forms of slot type and linear Fresnel.Transmission-type optically focused mainly uses common two kinds of forms of arc surface lens and Fresnel Lenses.And solar energy be a kind of energy density than relatively low resource, therefore it is required that either reflection concentration type or transmission-type optically focused, requires that the ratio for setting daylighting area is larger.And common arc surface lens to be made than it is larger when, its process costs will be ramped, and especially weight is too big, general only to be used in special occasions such as astronomical telescopes.
The area of Fresnel Lenses be made than it is larger when, there is also the problem of processing technology is difficult, cost is too high.Fresnel Lenses also has larger optical loss, including reflection loss, absorption loss water, manufacturability loss and structural penalties, wherein manufacturability loss is due to that lens shaping is modified to perfect lens profile and causes optical loss caused by some light diverging, such as is stripped taper, fillet etc..Structural penalties are due to that Fresnel Lenses replaces the continuous sphere of general lens using the surface of discontinuity of prism member composition and causes optical loss caused by some light diverging.For example, the Fresnel Lenses for plane outwardly, due to stupefied high meeting shield portions refracted light so that occur as soon as the diverging of fractional transmission light stupefied since second.For the Fresnel Lenses of plane inwardly, when the focal length of lens is less than certain critical value, incidence angle is more than its angle of total reflection in outgoing interface, prevents to lose in the range of focal spot of the transmitted light from reaching setting.Meanwhile, the burnt footpath ratio of Fresnel Lenses is normally controlled between 0.8-1.4, there is larger space between lens and focal point, so that the size of support or framework is increased, so that cost is raised.
Tank-type thermal power generation is to realize commercialized solar heat power generation system earliest.It is reflexed to solar light focusing on heat collecting vacuum pipe using the groove type parabolic mirror of large area.Water is heated into by steam by heat carrier in pipe, while producing high pressure, superheated steam in hot-cast socket equipment, is then fed into conventional steam turbine generator and is generated electricity.But when using slot type generating to solar energy progress optically focused, heat collecting vacuum pipe can form on parabolic reflector and block shade, some on heat collecting vacuum pipe is seted to be radiated from receiving optically focused.Part energy can also be radiate by heat collecting vacuum pipe facing away from the one side of parabolic concentrator.Because heat collecting vacuum pipe pipeline is very long, make energy loss larger, the running temperature of internal heat-conducting oil working medium is can only achieve 400 °C or so, middle thermophase can only be rested on, so as to limit the efficiency that solar groove type heat generates electricity.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and defect that the concentrators such as above-mentioned arc surface lens, Fresnel Lenses and groove type parabolic mirror are present, the present invention provides a kind of solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser, the incident sunshine in surface can be completely converted into optically focused light and be not present and block and shade, without the manufacturability loss that stupefied fillet generation is reflected as Fresnel Lenses, it is smaller with the distance between the incident receiving surface of sunshine at optically focused radiation receiving, difficulty of processing is reduced, optically focused radiant power is high, advantageously forms higher optically focused temperature.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The present invention provides a kind of solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser, is constituted by annular convergent lens plate, annular divergent lens plate, the first reflector, the i-th reflector, pth reflector, framework, and is integrated by framework fixed installation, there is common symmetry axis；First reflector, the i-th reflector, pth reflector nesting are arranged on the side of annular divergent lens plate emergent ray, wherein, 1<i<P, i, p are positive integer；
Annular convergent lens plate and annular divergent lens plate are light transmissive material, such as transparent glass, light-passing plastic；Annular convergent lens plate is plane towards the side of solar incident ray, with convenient for cleaning, prevents from accumulating dust；Outgoing side sets n annular convergent lens, and wherein n is positive integer；The n annular divergent lenses corresponding with annular convergent lens are set on annular divergent lens plate；Symmetry axis is vertical with annular convergent lens plate upper surface, parallel with the bearing of trend of annular convergent lens.
Have on the output reflection conical surface, the i-th reflector to have on the output reflection conical surface and the normal reflection conical surface, pth reflector on first reflector and have the normal reflection conical surface and optically focused delivery outlet；All output reflection conical surfaces, the normal reflection conical surface are 45 ° of ∠ with the intersection of section by symmetry axis and the angle of symmetrical between centers, and symmetrical by symmetry axis.
Each annular convergent lens and corresponding annular divergent lens pass through lens light Lu Zhizheng line one group of focal relationship of formation；Width is the real burnt of d annular convergent lens, is overlapped with void Jiao of the annular divergent lens on annular divergent lens plate；Pass through the focusing of annular convergent lens perpendicular to the solar incident ray of the top surface plane of annular convergent lens plate, then by the diverging of annular divergent lens, form the lens light gathering parallel rays that width is w, wherein, d>w>0；Lens light gathering parallel rays is exported by normal reflection conical surface formation reflection light, then by output reflection conical surface formation optically focused output light by the optically focused delivery outlet on pth reflector；Optically focused output light it is parallel with solar incident ray and it is equidirectional propagate；
The normal reflection conical surface on pth reflector reflexes to part lens optically focused parallel rays on the output reflection conical surface of i-th of reflector, wherein i=p-1, forms optically focused output light；The part lens optically focused parallel rays blocked by the i-th reflector, by the reflection of the output reflection conical surface on the normal reflection conical surface on the i-th reflector and the i-th -1 reflector, forms optically focused output light；First reflector is located in the space of the side of annular divergent lens plate emergent ray and minimum diameter lens light gathering parallel rays, and the propagation of lens light gathering parallel rays is not blocked.Therefore, the concentrator of this structure can will be perpendicular to the solar incident ray of the top surface plane of annular convergent lens plate, be completely formed optically focused output light, be blocked without light.
Annular convergent lens and annular divergent lens are made using smooth cambered surface, will not be produced manufacturability loss during manufacture Fresnel Lenses, be reduced the difficulty of manufacture, improve the transmitance of sunshine；Annular convergent lens and the directional light concentration structure of annular divergent lens combination are smaller, therefore this structure can reduce the bulk to form lens light gathering parallel rays.
Annular convergent lens and corresponding annular divergent lens that each width is d, the width of formation are w lens light gathering parallel rays, all correspond to a normal reflection conical surface respectively by lens light Lu Zhizheng line；Projection width of the normal reflection conical surface on annular divergent lens plate is w, and neighbor distance is d;Projection width of the normal reflection face on symmetry axis on same reflector is w, and neighbor distance is 0.
Projection of i-th adjacent of the output reflection conical surface on annular divergent lens plate is adjacent and not overlapping, corresponding length XiFor：
Wherein, i, m are positive integer,
The outer radius of maximum annular convergent lens 12 is：
The quantity of annular convergent lens 12 is：
Minimum optically focused from annular convergent lens plate surface to optically focused delivery outlet is apart from h：
Wherein, f is the outside dimension between annular convergent lens plate and annular divergent lens plate.Overall width Ls of the h much smaller than n annular convergent lens.
When the width of n annular convergent lens 12 is identical, the corresponding optically focused output light 9 of formation has identical, uniform optically focused radiation intensity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The incident sunshine in surface can be completely converted into optically focused light, light-collecting area is at the rear of concentrator, optically focused output light it is parallel with solar incident ray and it is equidirectional propagate, optically focused exports smaller with the distance between the incident receiving surface of sunshine, difficulty of processing is reduced, optically focused radiant power is high, advantageously forms higher optically focused temperature, optically focused radiation profiles are uniform.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective cross section structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-section structure and part light path schematic diagram by symmetry axis of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the cut-away section structure and light path schematic diagram by symmetry axis of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the cross-section structure size relationship schematic diagram by symmetry axis of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the physical dimension and concentrating light principles schematic diagram by symmetry axis of the present invention.
Label is described as follows in figure：
The annular convergent lens plate of 3- solar incident rays, 7- lens light gatherings parallel rays, 8- reflection lights, 9- optically focused output light, 10- optically focused delivery outlet, 11-, the annular convergent lenses of 12-, the annular divergent lens plates of 13-, the annular divergent lenses of 14-, 18- frameworks, 19- symmetry axis, 20- lens light Lu Zhizhengs line, the reflectors of 21- first, the reflectors of 22- i-th, 24- pths reflector, the 31- output reflections conical surface, the 42- normal reflection conical surfaces.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser, it is made up of annular convergent lens plate 11, annular divergent lens plate 13, the first reflector 21, the i-th reflector 22, pth reflector 24, framework 18, and be integrated by the fixed installation of framework 18, there is common symmetry axis 19；The nested side for being arranged on the annular emergent ray of divergent lens plate 13 of first reflector 21, the i-th reflector 22, pth reflector 24, wherein, 1<i<P, i, p are positive integer；
Annular convergent lens plate 11 is light transmissive material, such as transparent glass, light-passing plastic with annular divergent lens plate 13；Annular convergent lens plate 11 is plane towards the side of solar incident ray 3, with convenient for cleaning, prevents from accumulating dust；Outgoing side sets n annular convergent lens 12, and wherein n is positive integer；The n annular divergent lenses 14 corresponding with annular convergent lens 12 are set on annular divergent lens plate 13；Symmetry axis 19 is vertical with annular 11 upper surfaces of convergent lens plate, and all annular convergent lenses 12 and annular divergent lens 14 are coaxial symmetrical by symmetry axis 19.
As shown in figure 3, there is the output reflection conical surface 31 on the first reflector 21, having on the i-th reflector 22 on the output reflection conical surface 31 and the normal reflection conical surface 42, pth reflector 24 has the normal reflection conical surface 42 and optically focused delivery outlet 10；Angle between the intersection and symmetry axis 19 of all output reflection conical surfaces 31, the normal reflection conical surface 42 and the section for passing through symmetry axis 19 is 45 ° of ∠, and coaxial symmetrical by symmetry axis 19.
Each annular convergent lens 12 and corresponding annular divergent lens 14 pass through the one group of focal relationship of formation of lens light Lu Zhizheng line 20；Width is the real burnt of d annular convergent lens 12, is overlapped with void Jiao of the annular divergent lens 14 on annular divergent lens plate 13；Pass through the focusing of annular convergent lens 12 perpendicular to the solar incident ray 3 of the top surface plane of annular convergent lens plate 11, then by the diverging of annular divergent lens 14, form the lens light gathering parallel rays 7 that width is w, wherein, d>w>0；Lens light gathering parallel rays 7 is exported by the formation reflection light 8 of the normal reflection conical surface 42, then by the formation optically focused of the output reflection conical surface 31 output light 9 by the optically focused delivery outlet 10 on pth reflector 24；Optically focused output light 9 it is parallel with solar incident ray 3 and it is equidirectional propagate；
The normal reflection conical surface 42 on pth reflector 24 reflexes to part lens optically focused parallel rays 7 on the output reflection conical surface 31 of i-th of reflector 22, wherein i=p-1, forms optically focused output light 9；The part lens optically focused parallel rays 7 blocked by the i-th reflector 22, by the reflection of the output reflection conical surface 31 on the reflector 22 of the normal reflection conical surface 42 and i-th -1 on the i-th reflector 22, forms optically focused output light 9；First reflector 21 is located in the space of the side of the annular emergent ray of divergent lens plate 13 and minimum diameter lens light gathering parallel rays 7, and the propagation of lens light gathering parallel rays 7 is not blocked.Therefore, the concentrator of this structure can will be perpendicular to the solar incident ray 3 of the top surface plane of annular convergent lens plate 11, be completely formed optically focused output light 9, be blocked without light.
As shown in figure 3, annular convergent lens 12 and annular divergent lens 14 are made using smooth cambered surface, manufacturability loss during manufacture Fresnel Lenses will not be produced, the difficulty of manufacture is reduced, improves the transmitance of sunshine；The directional light concentration structure that annular convergent lens 12 and annular divergent lens 14 are combined is smaller, therefore this structure can reduce the bulk to form lens light gathering parallel rays 7.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, each width is d annular convergent lens 12 and corresponding annular divergent lens 14, and the width of formation is w lens light gathering parallel rays 7, all corresponds to a normal reflection conical surface 42 respectively by lens light Lu Zhizheng line 20；Projection width of the normal reflection conical surface 42 on annular divergent lens plate 13 is w, and neighbor distance is d;Projection width of the normal reflection face 42 on symmetry axis 19 on same reflector is w, and neighbor distance is 0.
As shown in figure 4, projection of i-th adjacent of the output reflection conical surface 31 on annular divergent lens plate 13 is adjacent and not overlapping, corresponding length XiFor：
The outer radius of maximum annular convergent lens 12 is：
The quantity of annular convergent lens 12 is：
As shown in figure 5, the present invention provides a kind of solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser, the minimum optically focused from the annular surface of convergent lens plate 11 to optically focused delivery outlet 10 is apart from h：
Wherein, f is the outside dimension between annular convergent lens plate 11 and annular divergent lens plate 13.
Work as d=40mm, w=8mm, during f=50mm, calculated according to above-mentioned formula：
That is m=1 or m=2.
As m=1,
| i | X | L | n | h | h/L |
| 1 | 8 | 40 | 1 | 58 | 1.45 |
| 2 | 32 | 200 | 5 | 90 | 0.45 |
| 3 | 160 | 1000 | 25 | 250 | 0.25 |
| 4 | 800 | 5000 | 125 | 1050 | 0.21 |
| 5 | 4000 | 25000 | 625 | 5050 | 0.20 |
| 6 | 20000 | 125000 | 3125 | 25050 | 0.20 |
As m=2,
| i | X | L | n | h | h/L |
| 1 | 16 | 80 | 2 | 66 | 0.83 |
| 2 | 64 | 400 | 10 | 130 | 0.33 |
| 3 | 320 | 2000 | 50 | 450 | 0.23 |
| 4 | 1600 | 10000 | 250 | 2050 | 0.21 |
| 5 | 8000 | 50000 | 1250 | 10050 | 0.20 |
| 6 | 40000 | 250000 | 6250 | 50050 | 0.20 |
It can be seen that by upper table result of calculation, minimum optically focused is smaller apart from h and the outer radius L of the annular convergent lens 12 of outermost ratio, distance between optically focused delivery outlet 10 and the annular surface of convergent lens plate 11 is very small, and burnt footpath common much smaller than common Fresnel Lenses is than 0.8-1.4.
As shown in figure 5, from geometry and optical knowledge, when the width of n annular convergent lens 12 is identical, forming corresponding optically focused output light 9 has identical, uniform optically focused radiation intensity.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser, the concentrator is made up of annular convergent lens plate (11), annular divergent lens plate (13), the first reflector (21), the i-th reflector (22), pth reflector (24), framework (18), and be integrated by framework (18) fixed installation, it is characterised in that：
Annular convergent lens plate (11), annular divergent lens plate (13), the first reflector (21), the i-th reflector (22), pth reflector (24), framework (18) have common symmetry axis (19)；First reflector (21), the i-th reflector (22), pth reflector (24) nesting are arranged on the side of annular divergent lens plate (13) emergent ray, wherein, 1<i<P, i, p are positive integer；Annular convergent lens plate (11) and annular divergent lens plate (13) are light transmissive material；
N annular convergent lens (12) is set on annular convergent lens plate (11), and wherein n is positive integer；The n annular divergent lenses (14) corresponding with annular convergent lens (12) are set on annular divergent lens plate (13)；Symmetry axis (19) is vertical with annular convergent lens plate (11) upper surface, and all annular convergent lenses (12) and annular divergent lens (14) are coaxial symmetrical by symmetry axis (19);
There is the output reflection conical surface (31) on first reflector (21), having on i-th reflector (22) on the output reflection conical surface (31) and the normal reflection conical surface (42), pth reflector (24) has the normal reflection conical surface (42) and optically focused delivery outlet (10)；Angle between the intersection and symmetry axis (19) of all output reflection conical surfaces (31), the normal reflection conical surface (42) and the section for passing through symmetry axis (19) is 45 ° of ∠, and coaxial symmetrical by symmetry axis (19);
Width is the real burnt of d annular convergent lens (12), is overlapped with void Jiao of corresponding annular divergent lens (14)；Pass through the focusing of annular convergent lens (12) perpendicular to the solar incident ray (3) of the top surface plane of annular convergent lens plate (11), again by the diverging of annular divergent lens (14), form the lens light gathering parallel rays (7) that width is w, wherein, d>w>0；Lens light gathering parallel rays (7) passes through the normal reflection conical surface (42) formation reflection light (8), again by the output reflection conical surface (31) formation optically focused output light (9), exported by the optically focused delivery outlet (10) on pth reflector (24)；Optically focused output light (9) it is parallel with solar incident ray (3) and it is equidirectional propagate；
First reflector (21) is located in the annular side of divergent lens plate (13) emergent ray and the space of minimum diameter lens light gathering parallel rays (7), and the propagation of lens light gathering parallel rays (7) is not blocked.
2. solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Annular convergent lens (12) and annular divergent lens (14) surface are smooth cambered surface.
3. solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each projection width of the normal reflection conical surface (42) on annular divergent lens plate (13) is w, and neighbor distance is d;Projection width of the normal reflection face (42) on symmetry axis (19) on same reflector is w, and neighbor distance is 0.
4. solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Projection of adjacent i-th of the output reflection conical surface (31) and the i+1 output reflection conical surface (31) on annular divergent lens plate (13) is adjacent and not overlapping, corresponding length
For：
Wherein, i, m are positive integer,
The outer radius of maximum annular convergent lens (12) is：
The quantity of annular convergent lens (12) is：
Minimum optically focused from annular convergent lens plate (11) surface to optically focused delivery outlet (10) is apart from h：
Wherein, f is the outside dimension between annular convergent lens plate (11) and annular divergent lens plate (13).
5. solar energy axisymmetric parallel light ultrathin condenser according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Optically focused output light (9) has identical, uniform optically focused radiation intensity.
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| US6811271B2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-11-02 | National Aerospace Laboratory Of Japan | Electromagnetic wave focusing device |
| CN101196612A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2008-06-11 | 吴荣久 | Method for parallel light directly beaming parallel light or focusing light and high-energy high stream intensity device |
| CN101872063A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-27 | 黄建文 | Conical concentrating system |
| CN202034394U (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-11-09 | 刘阳 | Light gathering solar device |
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| ES2364665B1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2012-05-23 | Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. | LIGHTING AND CONCENTRATION SYSTEM. |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6811271B2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-11-02 | National Aerospace Laboratory Of Japan | Electromagnetic wave focusing device |
| CN101196612A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2008-06-11 | 吴荣久 | Method for parallel light directly beaming parallel light or focusing light and high-energy high stream intensity device |
| CN101872063A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-27 | 黄建文 | Conical concentrating system |
| CN202034394U (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-11-09 | 刘阳 | Light gathering solar device |
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