CN102605190A - Mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system and use method of mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system - Google Patents
Mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system and use method of mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system and a use method of the mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy engineering refining. The slag system consists of the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 65 to 70 percent of CaF2, 20 to 25 percent of Al2O3, 5 to 10 percent of SiO2 and 5 to 10 percent of MgO. A slag required by the refining is prepared according to the mass percentage being 4 to 6 percent of the mass of a mold steel electrode ingot to be refined. The use method comprises the following process steps of preparation and baking of electroslag re-melting slag, preparation of re-melting self consumption electrodes, arc smelting of electroslag re-melting, normal smelting of electroslag re-melting, smelting later-period feeding filling, electroslag steel ingot slow cooling heat insulation and electroslag re-melting steel ingot demolding. After the electroslag ingot heat insulation is completed, the demolding is immediately converted into the subsequent nodulizing annealing treatment. When the system and the method provided by the invention are adopted for refining, the sulfur and phosphor contents in mold steel are further reduced, in addition, the contents of active elements such as C, Si and Mn in the steel do not basically generate burnt loss, and the quality of the mold steel electroslag re-melting steel ingot is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical engineering refining techniques field.
Background technology
Esr (Electroslag remelting) is the resistance heat that produces when utilizing electric current through slag carries out melting as thermal source a method; Cast the steel that converter, electric arc furnace, induction furnace are smelted or forge and press, carry out secondary refining through the slag resistance heat as consumable electrode.In refining process, consumable electrode rises with certain speed, and under the water-cooled effect of the protection of slag solution and outside mold, the molten steel after the fusing is continuous crystallization and freezing from bottom to top, forms the refining ESR ingot.In the purified process, the slag of fusing promptly is a resistance heater, has played provide protection again; Slag liquid after the fusing is suspended in the upper surface of molten steel, separates molten steel and atmosphere, and liquid metal is under the covering protection of slag liquid; Reduce gas content in the steel effectively, avoided simultaneously reoxidizing.Simultaneously, because the absorption and the pyroreaction of slag liquid, reach the purpose of removing or reducing harmful elements such as nonmetal slag inclusion such as sulphur, phosphorus and lead, bismuth, tin, thereby improved the hot workability of material.
Because the product dense structure of esr, composition are evenly, superior performance, volume recovery be high; Possess simultaneously because advantages such as production handiness, technology stabilities; So electroslag remelting technique is technical fields such as widespread use and aerospace, military project, oil drilling, deck of boat bridge plate, mould manufacturing at present, and are in the steady progression state always.At present, electroslag remelting slag commonly used mostly adopts CaF
2Be the slag system of base, generally all adopt binary slag, ternary slag or polynary slag, binary slag such as CaF commonly used
2+ Al
2O
3Ternary slag such as CaF
2+ Al
2O
3+ MgO, CaF
2+ MgO+CaO; Polynary slag system such as CaF
2+ Al
2O
3+ MgO+CaO, CaF
2+ Al
2O
3+ MgO+CaO+TiO etc.
As everyone knows: refine steel, good slag need be arranged, slag system is an important factor of process for making; Existing slag system mostly is the most steel grade that is directed against, and does not have specificity, and is the high temperature slag system; The effect of desulfurization is better; But the dephosphorization effect is not too obvious, and its reason is that the fusing point of slag system is high, and liquid slag temperature height is unfavorable for dephosphorization.
Along with the paces of China's industrial process are accelerated; This just has higher requirement to the female moulding stock that is called industry in industry manufacture field; And depend on that the ME of material, refinery practice are exactly the most important thing in the good mechanical properties of moulding stock and work-ing life, therefore; Present domestic die steel technical field of smelting; Urgent need is developed a kind of novel electroslag remelting slag, and it needs to smelt the slag system that adopts than existing die steel and better removes harmful elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, nonmetal slag inclusion, thereby for improving the moulding stock over-all properties purpose in what work-ing life; This will also will bring good economic benefit and social benefit having crucial meaning in industry manufacture field, metallurgical engineering refining techniques field and technology of die manufacturing field.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of die steel electroslag remelting slag and method of use,, do not have specificity to solve most steel grade that prior art is directed against; And be the high temperature slag system, the fusing point of slag system is high, and liquid slag temperature height is unfavorable for dephosphorization; Problems such as the dephosphorization effect is not too obvious; Realize reducing harmful element sulphur, the phosphorus content in the electroslag ingot, protect active element not receive scaling loss, improve the quality of die steel electroslag remelting steel ingot.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is that novel slag system has following mass percent ingredient components: CaF
2: 65-70%; Al
2O
3: 20-25%; SiO
2: 5-10%; MgO:5-10%, the slag charge quality is the 4-6% preparation of purified die steel electrode ingot quality on demand.
Slag system method of use step according to the invention is following:
(1) preparation of esr slag charge and baking: according to CaF
2: 65-70%; Al
2O
3: 20-25%; SiO
2: 5-10; The prescription of MgO:5-10% is prepared burden, and puts it into resistance furnace after preparing, and 600-700 ℃ of baking 5-6 hour, toasts the back 200 ℃ of insulations that finish, the necessary ready access upon use of the slag charge after baking, as take out and can not use for some reason in back 1 hour, should toast again.
(2) preparation of remelting consumable electrode: adopt electric arc furnace or induction furnace to make die steel electrode ingot; The alloy content of electrode ingot guarantees when making; The size of electrode ingot and weight are decided according to the mold of electroslag remelting furnace; Electrode ingot after the casting will carry out Shot Blasting, reduces the surface impurity of die steel electrode ingot as much as possible.The top that Shot Blasting is good is welded to connect dummy electrode, the other end welding run-on plate.
(3) the esr starting the arc is smelted: place the striking agent on the end water tank copper coin of position under the die steel electrode ingot run-on plate that will be installed, the electrode run-on plate that makes the electrode ingot that slowly descends is contacted with the striking agent; In mold, add a little slag charge before the energising, after energising was closed a floodgate, electrode descended rapidly; Rapidly all the other required slag charges are added around the mold uniformly after the starting the arc, guarantee that electric current stablizes very soon, striking voltage is controlled between the 35-45V; Current control is between 3500-4500A; The starting the arc slag making time is controlled at 10-15 minute, and guarantees the stable of voltage, electric current, prevents unexpected arc extinguishing.
(4) esr is normally smelted: be over when slag charge melts, electric current rises to 7500-8000A, and current control changes normal smelting between 45-60V, and electric current, voltage preferably are controlled at the lower limit of above-mentioned scope.
(5) smelting the later stage feeding fills: die steel electrode ingot is smelted at the end, adopts the mode of falling stream gradually to carry out feeding and fills, and falls current control at 500-1000A at every turn, and it is abundant to guarantee to fill feeding, guarantees to fill the smooth no recessed heart of feeding end face.
(6) electroslag ingot slow cooling insulation: the back outage that finishes is filled in feeding, and electroslag ingot is incubated 30-60 minute in mold, in order to avoid depanning causes the cracking of electroslag ingot too early.
(7) electroslag remelting steel ingot depanning: after the ESR ingot insulation was accomplished, depanning can change follow-up expansion hydrogen processing over to or Spheroidizing Annealing is handled, and accomplishes process step of the present invention.
Positively effect of the present invention be through with existing conventional slag system carry out purified die steel electroslag ingot respectively inspection by sampling carry out effect comparison; The content that carries out sulphur, phosphorus in the purified die steel has obtained further reduction; And the content of active Elements C, Si, Mn does not have scaling loss basically in the steel, thereby has improved the quality of die steel electroslag remelting steel ingot.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used for the refining instance of cold-work die steel Cr12 for adopting the present invention, and its slag charge component and concrete process step are following:
(1) preparation of esr slag charge and baking: slag charge is pressed CaF
2=65%; Al
2O
3=20%; SiO
2=10%; The ratio of MgO=5% is prepared burden, and preparation slag charge total mass is 50kg, puts it into resistance furnace after preparing, and 650 ℃ of bakings of temperature 5 hours are set, and toasts the back 200 ℃ of insulations that finish, and uses during for test.
(2) preparation of remelting consumable electrode: 2 on the electrode ingot of employing medium-frequency induction furnace making C12 cold-work die steel Φ 280, every weight is 1000kg, adopts existing conventional ternary slag system (CaF respectively
2+ MgO+CaO) carrying out comparative effectiveness after the refining with slag system of the present invention, the constituent content of electrode ingot is: C:2.212; Si:0.207; Mn:0.205; S:0.023; 0.022; Cr:11.673; Cu:0.103.After the casting electrode ingot Shot Blasting well, the top is welded to connect dummy electrode, the other end welding run-on plate, and the preparation refining that finishes is installed.
(3) the esr starting the arc is smelted: place the striking agent on the end water tank copper coin of position under the Cr12 die steel electrode ingot run-on plate that will be installed, the electrode run-on plate that makes the electrode ingot that slowly descends is contacted with the striking agent; In mold, add the slag charge that is incubated after the above-mentioned oven dry before the energising, after energising was closed a floodgate, electrode descended rapidly; Rapidly all the other required slag charges are added around the mold uniformly after the starting the arc; Striking voltage is controlled at 35V, and current control is at 3500A, 10 minutes starting the arc slag making time.
(4) esr is normally smelted: be over when slag charge melts, electric current rises to 7500A, and current control changes normal smelting at 55V.
(5) smelting the later stage feeding fills: die steel electrode ingot is smelted at the end, adopts the mode of falling stream gradually to carry out feeding and fills, and falls current control at 800A at every turn, has guaranteed the smooth no recessed heart of filling feeding end face.
(6) electroslag ingot slow cooling insulation: the back outage that finishes is filled in feeding, and electroslag ingot is incubated 45 minutes in mold.
(7) electroslag remelting steel ingot depanning: after the ESR ingot insulation was accomplished, depanning changed follow-up expansion hydrogen immediately over to and handles.
Effect: to adopting the present invention and adopting existing conventional ternary slag system (CaF
2+ MgO+CaO) carry out purified Cr12 electroslag ingot respectively inspection by sampling carry out effect comparison, adopt chemical ingredients detected result of the present invention to be: C:2.209; Si:0.197; Mn:0.196; S:0.002; P:0.009; Cr:11.671; Cu:0.102.Adopt the chemical ingredients detected result of existing conventional ternary slag system to be: C:2.192; Si:0.183; Mn:0.174; S:0.009; P:0.015; Cr:11.6667; Cu:0.102.Can find out that by above chemical ingredients detected result the content that adopts the present invention to carry out sulphur, phosphorus in the purified Cr12 die steel has obtained further reduction, and the content of active Elements C, Si, Mn there is not scaling loss basically in the steel.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is used for the refining instance of hot-work die steel H13 for adopting the present invention, and its slag charge component and concrete process step are following:
(1) preparation of esr slag charge and baking: slag charge is pressed CaF
2=70%; Al
2O
3=20%; SiO
2=5%; The ratio of MgO=5% is prepared burden, and preparation slag charge total mass is 42kg, puts it into resistance furnace after preparing, and 680 ℃ of bakings of temperature 6 hours are set, and toasts the back 200 ℃ of insulations that finish, and uses during for test.
(2) preparation of remelting consumable electrode: 2 on the electrode ingot of employing medium-frequency induction furnace making H13 hot-work die steel Φ 220, every weight is 700kg, adopts existing conventional binary slag system (CaF respectively
2+ Al
2O
3) and slag system of the present invention carry out comparative effectiveness after the refining, the constituent content of electrode ingot is: C:0.362; Si:0.913, Mn:0.365; Cr:4.956; Mo:1.235; V:0.912; P:0.025; S:0.022.After the casting electrode ingot Shot Blasting well, the top is welded to connect dummy electrode, the other end welding run-on plate, and the preparation refining that finishes is installed.
(3) the esr starting the arc is smelted: place the striking agent on the end water tank copper coin of position under the H13 die steel electrode ingot run-on plate that will be installed, the electrode run-on plate that makes the electrode ingot that slowly descends is contacted with the striking agent; In mold, add the slag charge that is incubated after the above-mentioned oven dry before the energising, after energising was closed a floodgate, electrode descended rapidly; Rapidly all the other required slag charges are added around the mold uniformly after the starting the arc; Striking voltage is controlled at 40V, current control between 4500A, 8 minutes starting the arc slag making time.
(4) esr is normally smelted: be over when slag charge melts, electric current rises to
8000A, current control changes normal smelting at 55V.
(5) smelting the later stage feeding fills: die steel electrode ingot is smelted at the end, adopts the mode of falling stream gradually to carry out feeding and fills, and falls current control at 700A at every turn, has guaranteed the smooth no recessed heart of filling feeding end face.
(6) electroslag ingot slow cooling insulation: the back outage that finishes is filled in feeding, and electroslag ingot is incubated 60 minutes in mold.
(7) electroslag remelting steel ingot depanning: after the ESR ingot insulation was accomplished, depanning changed follow-up Spheroidizing Annealing immediately over to and handles.
Effect: to adopting the present invention and adopting existing conventional binary slag system (CaF
2+ Al
2O
3) carry out purified H13 die steel electroslag ingot respectively inspection by sampling carry out effect comparison, adopting chemical ingredients detected result of the present invention is C:0.360; Si:0.909, Mn:0.359; Cr:4.955; Mo:1.234; V:0.912; P:0.008; S:0.001.Adopt the chemical ingredients detected result of existing conventional ternary slag system to be: C:0.358; Si:0.909, Mn:0.354; Cr:4.953; Mo:1.230; V:0.912; P:0.016; S:0.013.Can find out that by above chemical ingredients detected result the content that adopts the present invention to carry out sulphur, phosphorus in the purified H13 die steel has obtained further reduction, and the content of active Elements C, Si, Mn there is not scaling loss basically in the steel.
Claims (2)
1. a die steel electroslag remelting slag is characterized in that this slag system ingredient forms mass percent and is: CaF
2: 65-70%; Al
2O
3: 20-25%; SiO
2: 5-10%; MgO:5-10%, the required slag charge quality of refining is the 4-6% preparation of purified die steel electrode ingot quality on demand.
2. die steel electroslag remelting slag method of use is characterized in that process step is following:
(1) preparation of esr slag charge and baking: according to CaF
2: 65-70%; Al
2O
3: 20-25%; SiO
2: 5-10; The prescription of MgO:5-10% is prepared burden, and puts it into resistance furnace after preparing, and 600-700 ℃ of baking 5-6 hour, toasts the back 200 ℃ of insulations that finish, the necessary ready access upon use of the slag charge after baking, as take out and can not use for some reason in back 1 hour, should toast again;
(2) preparation of remelting consutrode: adopt electric arc furnaces or induction furnace to make mould steel electrode ingot; The alloy content of electrode ingot guarantees when making; The size of electrode ingot and weight are based on the crystallizer of electroslag refining furnace and decide; Electrode ingot after the casting will carry out Shot Blasting; Reduce the surface impurity of mould steel electrode ingot as much as possible; The top that Shot Blasting is good is welded to connect dummy electrode, other end welding run-on tab;
(3) the esr starting the arc is smelted: place the striking agent on the end water tank copper coin of position under the die steel electrode ingot run-on plate that will be installed, the electrode run-on plate that makes the electrode ingot that slowly descends is contacted with the striking agent; In mold, add a little slag charge before the energising, after energising was closed a floodgate, electrode descended rapidly; Rapidly all the other required slag charges are added around the mold uniformly after the starting the arc, guarantee that electric current stablizes very soon, striking voltage is controlled between the 35-45V; Current control is between 3500-4500A; The starting the arc slag making time is controlled at 10-15 minute, and guarantees the stable of voltage, electric current, prevents unexpected arc extinguishing;
(4) esr is normally smelted: be over when slag charge melts, electric current rises to
7500-8000A, voltage control changes normal smelting between 45-60V, and electric current, voltage preferably are controlled at the lower limit of above-mentioned scope;
(5) smelting the later stage feeding fills: die steel electrode ingot is smelted at the end, adopts the mode of falling stream gradually to carry out feeding and fills, and falls current control at 500-1000A at every turn, and it is abundant to guarantee to fill feeding, guarantees to fill the smooth no recessed heart of feeding end face;
(6) electroslag ingot slow cooling insulation: the back outage that finishes is filled in feeding, and electroslag ingot is incubated 30-60 minute in mold, in order to avoid depanning causes the cracking of electroslag ingot too early;
(7) electroslag remelting steel ingot depanning: after the ESR ingot insulation was accomplished, depanning can change follow-up expansion hydrogen processing over to or Spheroidizing Annealing is handled, and accomplishes process step of the present invention.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101025134A CN102605190A (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2012-04-10 | Mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system and use method of mold steel electroslag re-melting slag system |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN104480321A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽工业大学 | Preparation method for slag system of controlling hydrogen and oxygen content in ESR ingot at same time |
| CN105463200A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-04-06 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Arc striking agent for electroslag remelting and arc striking method |
| CN105803217A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-27 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for ensuring high sulfur yield and uniform distribution of sulfur content during electroslag remelting process of sulfur-bearing steel |
| CN106435209A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing H13 steel by electroslag remelting of electric conducting crystallizer |
| CN106591681A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | Making method for high-purity electroslag steel for hot working die |
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| CN112226625A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Quaternary slag system for electroslag remelting steel production and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120725 |