CN102530219B - Electric propulsion system - Google Patents
Electric propulsion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102530219B CN102530219B CN201010587250.1A CN201010587250A CN102530219B CN 102530219 B CN102530219 B CN 102530219B CN 201010587250 A CN201010587250 A CN 201010587250A CN 102530219 B CN102530219 B CN 102530219B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electric propulsion system which comprises a power supply device, an electric propulsion device, an entire machine control device and a mechanical output device, wherein the electric propulsion device comprises a propulsion motor and two sets of inverters; the input of each set of inverter is connected with the power supply device; the output of each set of inverter is connected with the input of the propulsion motor; the output of the propulsion motor is connected with the mechanical output device; and the entire machine control device is respectively connected with each set of inverter, the power supply device and the mechanical output device. According to the electric propulsion system disclosed by the invention, different requirements of lightweight running and heavyweight running of marine vehicles for power can be met; and in addition, the electric propulsion system can continuously ensure that the marine vehicle smoothly returns to a port when the electric propulsion system has faults in the process of propulsion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric propulsion technology, particularly relate to a kind of electric propulsion system for watercraft.
Background technology
The electric propulsion system of the watercrafts such as trawler, Small yacht, boats and ships utilizes driven by power propulsion electric machine, and then promote propeller blade by propulsion electric machine, and watercraft is travelled.Electric propulsion system can significantly improve fuel economy, reduces disposal of pollutants, improves watercraft power performance, has important technology and economic benefit.
In prior art, when rated power is a fixed value, when the power output of the propulsion electric machine of electric propulsion system is rated power, the operational efficiency of propulsion electric machine is the highest.For the situation of different load-carrying, the propulsion electric machine of watercraft can run under different power outputs, such as when underloading, using 30% of rated power as power output, when heavy duty, using 80% of rated power as power output, even when heavy duty, the power output needed for watercraft also may exceed rated power.
But for the situation of underloading, the power output needed for it only accounts for a very little part for rated power, and therefore, it wastes dump power; And for the situation of heavy duty, also may occur that the rated power of propulsion electric machine cannot meet the power output of actual needs.So existing electric propulsion system, can not adapt to underloading and the different demands of severe duty to propulsion electric machine power output.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electric propulsion system, underloading and the problem of severe duty to the different demands of power can not be adapted in order to overcome watercraft.
The invention provides a kind of electric propulsion system, comprise: electric supply installation, electric propulsion device, entire machine control device and mechanical output arrangement, described electric propulsion device comprises propulsion electric machine and two cover inverters, the input of often overlapping inverter is connected with described electric supply installation, the output of often overlapping inverter is connected with the input of described propulsion electric machine, the output of described propulsion electric machine is connected with described mechanical output arrangement, described entire machine control device respectively with often overlap inverter, described electric supply installation and described mechanical output arrangement and be connected.
As shown from the above technical solution, the present invention overlaps inverter by employing two and independently controls propulsion electric machine, makes watercraft when underloading, and only use a road to control to be operated in 50% of rated power, propulsion electric machine is operated in efficacious workaround; During heavy duty, use two-way to control to be operated in 100% of rated power, propulsion electric machine is still operated in efficacious workaround, thus realizes the conversion of propulsion electric machine two kinds of different capacity grades simultaneously, and all can be operated in efficacious workaround, ensure flexible operation and the Effec-tive Function of electric propulsion system; Meanwhile, two cover inverters independently control propulsion electric machine and the propelling of the two-way of electric propulsion system are independent of each other mutually, when a road propelling is broken down and can not normally be run, advance and drive screw, ensure that watercraft can go back to port smoothly by another road.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric propulsion system embodiment one of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electric propulsion system embodiment two of the present invention.
Main element symbol description:
1-electric propulsion device; 2-entire machine control device;
3-mechanical output arrangement; 4-electric supply installation;
11-propulsion electric machine; 12-inverter;
13-rectifier cabinet; 21-control unit;
22-display unit; 23-drives platform;
31-screw; 32-gear box;
33-shaft coupling; 41-power distribution cabinet;
42-generating set; 421-diesel engine generator;
422-excitation con-trol element; L-reactor;
R-resistance braking module; Ka, Kb, K1, K2-A.C. contactor.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric propulsion system embodiment one of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the system of the present embodiment comprises: electric supply installation 4, electric propulsion device 1, entire machine control device 2 and mechanical output arrangement 3, described electric propulsion device 1 comprises propulsion electric machine 11 and two cover inverters 12, the input of often overlapping inverter 12 is connected with described electric supply installation 4, the output of often overlapping inverter 12 is connected with the input of described propulsion electric machine 11, the output of described propulsion electric machine 11 is connected with described mechanical output arrangement 3, described entire machine control device 2 respectively with often overlap inverter 12, described electric supply installation 4 and described mechanical output arrangement 3 connect.
In the present embodiment, because the propulsion electric machine 11 of electric propulsion device 1 is controlled respectively by two cover inverters 12, two different capacity grades can be exported, two different capacity grade independent operatings, thus ensure that watercraft can carry out power grade selection according to power demand when underloading or heavy duty.Specifically, the electric energy that electric supply installation 4 provides can be converted to mechanical energy and be exported by the output shaft of motor by the electric propulsion device 1 of the present embodiment, thus driving device output device 3, ensure that watercraft travels at the water surface.Simultaneously, the entire machine control device 2 of the present embodiment can according to load-carrying export two-way independently control signal two cover inverters 12 are controlled respectively, thus two cover inverters 12 independently can control connected propulsion electric machine 11, therefore the power of the exportable different brackets of propulsion electric machine 11, realizes the power transfer of watercraft underloading heavy duty.By electric current and the power output of the propulsion electric machine in inverter control the present embodiment, also can realize watercraft and run and high speed constant Power operation at low speed permanent torque, thus improve dynamic property and the operating flexibility of system.
Propulsion electric machine 11 in the present embodiment can be double armature motor, also can be double-winding motor.If during double armature motor, iron core and the winding of two stators of double armature motor are separate, realize integrative installation technology by a support; Iron core and the winding of two rotors of double armature motor are also separate, by a rotating shaft Driving Torque, realize the superposition of power and moment, and two-way armature can separate work; The rated power of 50% is exported during single armature work; Because two cover inverters 12 and control thereof are separate, thus the operation that can realize double armature motor can export different capacity.When a road armature breaks down, another road armature still can export the rated power of 50%, ensures the normal operation of watercraft.Double-winding motor is controlled by separate two cover inverters 12 respectively by the double winding of mutual electrical isolation, thus realize at a rotating shaft Driving Torque, realize the superposition of power and moment, double winding can separate work, and simplex winding operating room exports the rated power of 50%.Equally because two cover inverters 12 and control thereof are separate, thus the operation that can realize double-winding motor can export different capacity.When a set of winding breaks down, another set of winding still can export the rated power of 50%, ensures the normal operation of watercraft.
In actual motion, entire machine control device 2 can provide power and torque selection instruction, control the two path control signal exported, after two inverter 12 reception control signals, control propulsion electric machine respectively, can run under 50% or 100% rated condition according to power instruction, thus realize the power output adjustable control of propulsion electric machine.During underloading, only can use a road armature or a set of winding work, the rated power of maximum output 50%, propulsion system operating point is close to efficient district; During heavy duty, adopt two-way armature or double winding to work, the rated power of maximum output 100%, propulsion system is still in Effec-tive Function district simultaneously.
The present embodiment overlaps inverter by employing two and independently controls propulsion electric machine, makes watercraft when underloading, and only use a road to control to be operated in 50% of rated power, propulsion electric machine is operated in efficacious workaround; During heavy duty, use two-way to control to be operated in 100% of rated power, propulsion electric machine is still operated in efficacious workaround, thus realizes the conversion of propulsion electric machine two kinds of different capacity grades simultaneously, and all can be operated in efficacious workaround, ensure flexible operation and the Effec-tive Function of electric propulsion system; Meanwhile, two cover inverters independently control propulsion electric machine and the propelling of the two-way of electric propulsion system are independent of each other mutually, when a road propelling is broken down and can not normally be run, advance and drive screw, ensure that watercraft can go back to port smoothly by another road.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electric propulsion system embodiment two of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment is on the above-mentioned basis of embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, electric supply installation 4 can comprise generating set 42 and power distribution cabinet 41, the input of power distribution cabinet 41 is connected with the output of generating set 42, the input of often overlapping rectifier cabinet 13 is connected to a road output of power distribution cabinet 41, and generating set 42 and power distribution cabinet 41 are connected with the control unit 21 of entire machine control device 2 respectively.Generating set 42 can comprise two or multiple stage diesel engine generator 421.Electric propulsion device 1 also can comprise two cover rectifier cabinets 13 and reactor L, often overlap in rectifier cabinet and reactor, the input of rectifier cabinet 13 is connected with electric supply installation 4, and the output of rectifier cabinet 13 is connected with the input of reactor L, and the output of reactor L is connected with the input of inverter 12.Mechanical output arrangement 3 can comprise screw 31, shaft coupling 33 and gear box 32, and shaft coupling 33 one end is connected with the output shaft of propulsion electric machine 11, and the other end of shaft coupling 33 is connected with the driving shaft of gear box 32, and the driven shaft of gear box 32 is connected with screw 31.Entire machine control device 2 can comprise and drives platform 23, control unit 21 and display unit 22, and drive platform 23 and be connected with control unit 21 respectively with display unit 22, control unit 21 is connected with electric supply installation 4, electric propulsion device 1 and mechanical output arrangement 3 respectively.
In the present embodiment, the Conversion of Energy of diesel fuel is that electric energy is by power distribution cabinet 41 output AC electricity by diesel engine generator 421, electric propulsion device 1 is outputted to respectively by two-way alternating current, every road alternating current is by rectifier cabinet 13 rectification and after reactor L filtering, become a road direct current input a set of inverter 12, two cover inverters 12 are separate under the two paths of signals of control unit 21 controls respectively, the electric current of the control propulsion electric machine 11 be independent of each other and power output, shaft coupling 33 and gear box 32 are passed through in the torque that the output shaft of propulsion electric machine 11 exports, finally drive screw 31, watercraft is travelled on the water.
Specifically, every platform diesel engine generator 421 in the present embodiment adopts constant-speed operation under rated speed, can improve the fuel economy more than 15% of diesel engine on the one hand, and disposal of pollutants reduces by more than 50%, thus effects of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable, exportable constant power frequency on the other hand.Every platform diesel engine generator 421 is connected with the control unit 21 of entire machine control device 2, every platform diesel engine generator can be provided with excitation con-trol element 422, as AVR excitation unit, for the voltage that regulator generator exports, the therefore power supply of the exportable constant voltage constant frequency of each generator.The control of the controlled unit 21 of working condition of every platform diesel engine generator 421, when underloading, one can be started or minority platform diesel engine generator is powered, propulsion electric machine is operated in lower power level, on the one hand can energy-saving and emission-reduction, propulsion electric machine can also be made to be operated in Effec-tive Function district on the other hand.Multiple stage can be started or all diesel engine generators are powered during heavy duty, propulsion electric machine is operated in higher-wattage rank, propulsion electric machine is be operated in Effec-tive Function district equally, effective conversion of power output when therefore the present embodiment not only achieves underloading heavy service, but also reaches the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Generating set 42 can realize the conversion of other energy into electrical power, described above the chemical energy of diesel fuel is converted to electric energy.The generating set that multiple stage generator can form, i.e. power power station, for whole electric propulsion system provides power supply, the electric propulsion device of rear end obtains electric power by power distribution cabinet from this power power station.Power distribution cabinet 41 is made up of the part such as input side A.C. contactor Ka, A.C. contactor Kb, outlet side A.C. contactor K1, A.C. contactor K2, joint operating device (not shown); The control of the controlled unit 21 of A.C. contactor work of the input/output terminal of power distribution cabinet 41, diesel generator group 421 on off control can be realized and car and power distribution output etc., by power distribution cabinet 41 unified by this electric energy reasonable distribution to the electric propulsion device 1 of electric propulsion system rear end electricity consumption, be conducive to the reasonable employment of energy.
After in electricity thrust unit 1, the convert alternating current that electric supply installation 4 exports becomes direct current by rectifier cabinet 13, then by reactor L filtering ripple, can the inverter 12 of available protecting electric propulsion device 1 rear end and propulsion electric machine 11.A set of rectifier cabinet, reactor, inverter connect successively, a road for propulsion electric machine advances and provides drived control, another set of rectifier cabinet, reactor, inverter connect successively, another road for propulsion electric machine advances and provides drived control, two-way drived control does not affect mutually, thus realize propulsion electric machine can separately by two-way Solid rocket engine and normally running.The rectification circuit of rectifier cabinet 13 can adopt 6 pulse wave rectifiers, adopts the rectifier cabinet of 6 pulse wave rectifiers to replace phase shifting transformer, can reduce system cost.Inverter 12 inside can arrange the resistance braking module R for quick shutdown, and when resistance braking module R can realize braking, electric current and power control.When system needs quick shutdown, the resistance in resistance braking module R can consume the portion of energy that mechanical output arrangement produces because of inertia, thus quick shutdown, adopt resistance braking to shut down, clutch and mechanical braking device can be removed, thus simplify maintenance.
In entire machine control device 2, control unit 21 is control cores of whole electric propulsion system; specifically can adopt Profibus network communication protocol to the control of other elements or device, thus realize critical workflow operate according to the order of sequence automatically protect with vitals, auxiliary electric energy transfer, operation information display and store, the function such as fault alarm and failure diagnosis.Control unit 21 runs according to the operation driving manipulation instruction control electric supply installation 4, electric propulsion device 1 and mechanical output arrangement 3 that platform 23 sends and can send it to display unit 22 after the system cloud gray model obtained and fault message.Drive platform 23 and send manipulation instruction for manipulating personnel to control unit 21; as control signals such as start, shutdown, advance, retrogressings; different propeller powers and torque can be selected when pushing ahead, can complete by driving platform 23 operation of electric propulsion system is controlled.Display unit 22, as display screen XP, runs and fault message for display machines electric system, facilitates driver to observe manipulation; The cooperation control of various piece in entire machine control device, improves watercraft and runs automaticity, be conducive to realizing watercraft economy, reliability service.
Pass through the Proper Match of gear box 32 speed ratio and propulsion electric machine 11 rotating speed in mechanical output arrangement 3, the optimal design of screw 31 rotating speed and diameter, also can improve the propulsive efficiency of watercraft further.Control unit 21 can in real time to trip information or the fault message of display unit 22 transmitting system by the working condition of gear box 32 transmission and screw 31 that detect mechanical output arrangement 3.
The present embodiment is on the basis of technique effect reaching embodiment one, further by the power power station that two or multiple stage diesel engine generator form, distribution is unified again by power distribution cabinet, for propulsion system and auxiliary system provide electric energy, by adopting constant speed generation, ensureing diesel engine generator constant-speed operation, improve Diesel Engine Fuel Economy, reduce disposal of pollutants, thus reach the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction; By the rectification of rectifier cabinet to the alternating current that electric supply installation exports, the filtering of reactor, improves the flexibility of electric moving system application alternating current further; By arranging resistance braking module in inverter, realizing quick shutdown on the one hand, clutch and mechanical braking device can be saved on the other hand, simplify and safeguard; By the appropriate design of gear box rotating ratio, revolution speed of propeller, make it mate with propulsion electric machine, can further improve the propulsive efficiency of watercraft; Show in real time by driving platform, the control of control unit and display unit, achieve critical component run control, state parameter shows in real time and failure diagnosis and information store, simple operation is comfortable, and automaticity is high.
In above-mentioned any embodiment, two or multiple stage propulsion electric machine can be adopted to advance when needing larger driving power, its use control method and a propulsion electric machine similar.Propulsion electric machine can adopt asynchronous motor supplied with variable frequency, also can adopt permagnetic synchronous motor.
It is last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not to be limited, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and these are revised or be equal to the spirit and scope that replacement also can not make amended technical scheme disengaging technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an electric propulsion system, it is characterized in that, comprise: electric supply installation, electric propulsion device, entire machine control device and mechanical output arrangement, described electric propulsion device comprises propulsion electric machine and two cover inverters, the input of often overlapping inverter is connected with described electric supply installation, the output of often overlapping inverter is connected with the input of described propulsion electric machine, the output of described propulsion electric machine is connected with described mechanical output arrangement, described entire machine control device respectively with often overlap inverter, described electric supply installation and described mechanical output arrangement and be connected;
Wherein, described entire machine control device according to load-carrying export two-way independently control signal to described two cover inverters control respectively, described two cover inverters independently control connected described propulsion electric machine, with the power making described propulsion electric machine export different brackets.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described propulsion electric machine is double armature motor or double-winding motor.
3. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inverter internal is provided with resistance braking module.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric propulsion device also comprises two cover rectifier cabinet and reactors, often overlap in rectifier cabinet and reactor, the input of rectifier cabinet is connected with described electric supply installation, the output of rectifier cabinet is connected with the input of reactor, and the output of reactor is connected with the input of inverter.
5. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the rectification circuit of described rectifier cabinet adopts 6 pulse wave rectifiers.
6. system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described electric supply installation comprises generating set and power distribution cabinet, the input of described power distribution cabinet is connected with the output of described generating set, the input of each rectifier cabinet is connected to a road output of described power distribution cabinet, and described generating set is connected with described entire machine control device respectively with described power distribution cabinet.
7. system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described generating set comprises at least two diesel engine generators, and every platform diesel engine generator is connected with described entire machine control device, and every platform diesel engine generator is provided with excitation con-trol element.
8. system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described diesel engine generator is constant speed engine.
9. the system according to any one of claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterized in that, described mechanical output arrangement comprises screw, shaft coupling and gear box, described shaft coupling one end is connected with the output shaft of described propulsion electric machine, the other end of described shaft coupling is connected with the driving shaft of described gear box, and the driven shaft of described gear box is connected with described screw.
10. the system according to any one of claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterized in that, described entire machine control device comprises and drives platform, control unit and display unit, the described platform that drives is connected with described control unit respectively with described display unit, described control unit respectively with described electric supply installation, described electric propulsion device is connected with described mechanical output arrangement, the described platform that drives sends manipulation instruction for manipulating personnel to described control unit, described display unit is used for display system and runs and fault message, the manipulation instruction that described control unit is used for according to receiving controls described electric supply installation, the operation of described electric propulsion device and described mechanical output arrangement runs and the system cloud gray model of acquisition and fault message is sent to display unit.
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