A kind of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer and production method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite fertilizer's production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer and production method thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is the material guarantee of agricultural sustainable development, is the basis of increases in grain production.But because the fertilizer efficiency phase is short, utilization ratio is low, nitrogenous fertilizer is by approach loss enormous amount such as volatilization, leaching and runoffs.A large amount of losses of chemical fertilizer have caused series of environmental problems, surface water eutrophication, and lake severe contamination, ecological environment of soil worsens, and soil fertility declines, and has occurred various crop nutritional deficiency diseases and physiological disturbance, directly has influence on the yield and quality of crop.At present, the general trend of fertilizer development is both at home and abroad multielement high-efficiency, compound customizations, long acting multifunction and environmental protection.In these new-type fertilizers, the approach that how to improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, enhancing soil activation is a lot.But, in modern agricultural production, advocate green agriculture, the ecological agriculture, therefore how in improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, strengthening soil activation, take into account fertilizer nontoxic, harmless, without any pollution, promote the function such as plant growth, increase fertilizer efficiency to seem particularly important.
Find by retrieval, prior art seldom has report about the fertilizer that improves fertilizer efficiency, enhancing soil activation and environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, study by the composition to conventional fertilizers and production technique, on the fertile production unit of conventional composite, carry out technological innovation simultaneously, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer and production method thereof.This functional special fertilizer has advantages of that fertilizer efficiency is high, strengthen soil activation and environmental protection, has complied with the development trend of environmental friend fertilizer.
In order to realize object of the present invention, contriver studies by lot of experiments, has finally obtained following technical scheme: feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea 400-550 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 200-400 part,
Repone K 50-150 part,
Humic acids 60-140 part,
Additive 0-30 part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is for being commercially available prod, wherein:
Urea is small particle urea, and wherein nitrogen content is 46.2%, and particle diameter is 0.85mm-2.80mm;
Monoammonium phosphate is common powdery, and wherein nitrogen content is 11%, and the content of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 44%;
Repone K is white in color Powdered, and wherein the content of potassium oxide is 62%;
Humic acids molecular weight is 2000-5000, and it is Powdered that outward appearance is brown-black, and in butt humic acids content >=60%, nitrogen content is 1%~6%;
Additive is the one in talcum powder, phosphorus cream, calcium powder, or two or more mixtures;
The content relating in above raw material is mass percent;
Above-mentioned raw materials is except small particle urea, and other raw material particle size is all less than 1mm.
Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention, preferably feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea 450-500 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 250-350 part,
Repone K 70-130 part,
Humic acids 80-120 part,
Additive 10-20 part.
Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention, most preferably feed composition weight part is as follows:
494 parts, urea,
261 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
126 parts, Repone K,
100 parts of humic acidss,
19 parts of additives.
The production method of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention, comprises following processing step:
(1) urea is passed through to high-temperature fusion to 130-145 ℃, enter in dashpot, then through transferpump pressurization, deliver to after metering in tower top tempering tank;
(2) after monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, humic acids, additive are measured respectively, send in agitator and fully mix according to certain proportioning, mixing raw material is sent in batch mixing well heater after fragmentation, screening, is heated to 80-105 ℃, rises to tower top feed bin by chapelet;
(3) batch mixing after heating in tower top feed bin is evenly sent into after metering described in step (1) in tower top tempering tank through spiral weighing balance, be mixed and made into scattered paste shape material through high speed shear stirrer, temperature is controlled at 103-125 ℃, after vibrations strainer filters out granule foreign, overflow is to prilling spry, under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action, mixture is evenly sprayed into globular small droplets, spray the small droplets falling from shower nozzle at diameter 10-18 rice, in the tower of high 100-121 rice, slowly fall, through with tower in upstream heat exchange after be cooled to 45-65 ℃, become composite fertilizer's small-particle, again through cooling, screening and anti-caking are processed rear metering packing.
The present invention adopts high tower fused melt granulated technique, its core technology is in urea melting liquid, allocate according to a certain percentage pre-warmed monoammonium phosphate into, Repone K, the powder materials such as humic acids, at the temperature and mechanical agitation of fused solution self, be combined into rapidly the low temperature eutectic with certain fluidity energy, then adopt prilling tower sprinkling pelleting technique to carry out granulation, cooling and curing rapidly when carrying out heat exchange with the airflow rising in the process that spray tear drop falls in prilling tower, just form smooth in appearance mellow and full, with the particle of Pinhole-shaped, it is Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer.Concrete technology flow process is shown in accompanying drawing.
The functional special fertilizer that the present invention contains humic acids, a kind of green multifunctional fertilizer of the novel environment friendly that improves envrionment conditions, there is balanced in nutrition, strong stress resistance, fertilizer efficiency period is long, crop absorption ratio is high, improvement soil, culture fertility, raising output, the advantages such as quality of improving, simultaneously fertiliser granulates even, smooth mellow and full, moisture is low, physical property good, intensity is high, prevented from caking, is suitable for mechanized application.
Compared with prior art, the Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer the present invention relates to and production method tool thereof have the following advantages and are progressive significantly:
1, the technology of the present invention advanced person, high yield and saving energy consumption reduction
The present invention adopts continuous fusion urea shotcreting process, and DCS automatic system automatic blending has been realized the continuous dosing of Repone K, monoammonium phosphate, urea, has effectively overcome the domestic urea that generally adopts and has pulverized the deficiency in production technique.
Product of the present invention adopts urine to replace steam or water in process of production, has reduced material liquid phase, has alleviated and has dried load, has improved production capacity, has more effectively brought into play the scale and benefit of device.
In production process of the present invention, do not carry out granulation to adding moisture and steam and other binding material in raw material, can prevent because Moisture high UCL lumps, and because not introducing moisture, need not dry, energy-saving and cost-reducing.Through measuring and calculating, company produces 200000 tons of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizers per year, can save every year 4.5 ten thousand tons, coal of mark, economize on electricity 1,700 ten thousand kilowatt-hours, water saving 1 ten thousand stere, and energy-saving effect is remarkable.
2, improvement Soil structure, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces agricultural cost
Life-time service Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention can promote the formation of soil agreegate as a kind of organic colloid, improve Soil structure situation, makes soil aeration, and water permeability is good.In addition, product of the present invention can provide soil microorganisms carbon source, promotes soil microbial activity, increases soil beneficial microorganism quantity, strengthens soil enzyme activities.Discharge CO by measuring soil
2the method of amount confirms, uses humic acids soil microbial activities is had a significant effect, and humic acids can make soil cellulase, Phosphoric acid esterase, protease activity improve 6%-42%.
Product of the present invention not only has all advantages of high tower fertilizer, also has slow controlled release effect concurrently, not only can suppress the activity of urase in soil, but also there is the effect that activates phosphorus and potassium, the good result with " control nitrogen, short phosphorus, short potassium ", can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces production costs.
3, stimulate plant growth, strengthen crop anti-adversity, improve crop quality
Research shows, Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention can promote root growth, improves percentage of germination.Show by soaking seed or dipping in root test, about product of the present invention can make root of the crop length double, dry root heavily increases more than 2 times; Seed germination does sth. in advance 2-3 days, and seedling rate improves 10-20%.
Under drought condition, Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention can reduce plant leaf stomatal conductance, reduces blade face transpiration, thereby reduction water loss, water regime in plant body is improved, guarantee crop normal growth growth under drought condition, strengthen drought resistance.Humic acids composition in product of the present invention has restraining effect to fungi, is easily absorbed by cytolemma, changes cell membrane permeability, promotes the absorption of inorganic nutrients, prevents canker, root rot, reduces disease and pest, and therefore, product of the present invention can strengthen crop anti-adversity.
In addition, Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention can increase the protein content of food crop, can improve the sugar of beet, sugarcane etc., increase Vitamin C content, data shows, product of the present invention can make sugar-beet sugar content increase by 1.4%, every 666.7m
2increase candy output 33.9kg, obviously improve the quality of beet.
4, fertilizer nutritive ingredient equalization stable, environmental protection is pollution-free
Fertilizer of the present invention is by raw materials such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, humic acids, additives, be fused into an organic nutrient entirety, by the mutual synergy between various nutrients, form balanced stable nutrient unit, can guarantee that the nutritive ingredient of fertilizer is balanced and stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the production technological process of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of different fertilization on Protein Content in Wheat impact;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of different fertilization to wet wheat gluten content influence.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is elaborated, but not only for so.
Embodiment 1:
By 494 parts of urea, through high-temperature fusion to 140 ℃ left and right, enter in dashpot, then through transferpump pressurization, with being pumped in tower top mixing tank;
By 261 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 126 parts of Repone K, 100 parts of humic acidss and 19 parts of additive calcium powders after metering, send in agitator and fully mix, mixing raw material, after fragmentation, screening, is sent into batch mixing heater heats to 90 ℃ left and right, carries machine deliver to tower top feed bin by bucket type;
The hot batch mixing of tower top feed bin is sent in above-mentioned mixing tank after the metering of spiral weighing balance, be mixed and made into scattered paste shape material through high speed shear stirrer, temperature is controlled at 110 ℃ of left and right, after vibrations strainer filters out granule foreign, overflow is to prilling spry, under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action, mixture is evenly sprayed into globular small droplets, spray the small droplets falling from shower nozzle 17 meters of diameters, in the tower of high 120 meters, slowly fall, through with tower in upstream heat exchange after be cooled to 50 ℃ of left and right, become composite fertilizer's small-particle, again through cooling, screening and anti-caking are processed rear metering packing, the product specification obtaining is N-P2O5-K2O (25-12-8).
Embodiment 2:
Getting 460 parts of urea, 341 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 81 parts of Repone K, 100 parts of humic acidss and 18 parts of fillers is raw material, and production technique is with embodiment 1;
The product specification obtaining is N-P2O5-K2O (25-15-5).
For the applicable cases of check Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer in agricultural, Stanley Co., Ltd entrusts national wheat research centre to test.This experimental study compares different fertilizer to wheat yield, nutrien utilization and plant Ecophysiological Effects, and the economic benefit of various fertilizer is evaluated, and provides scientific basis for applying Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer.
1, test materials
This test is carried out in base, Wen County, Jiaozhuo, national wheat research centre, and Wen County is positioned at northwest Henan province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 14.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, annual precipitation 552.4mm, 210 days frostless seasons.
Be moisture soil for examination soil, quality is middle earth, and 0-20cm soil layer soil contains organic 16g/kg, full nitrogen 1.21g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 43.60mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 49.1mg/kg, available potassium 12.5mg/kg.
Wheat breed selects the wheat breed of Henan Province's spread short anti-58, and applying fertilizer is " Stanley " Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer.
2, test method
4 processing are established in test: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-12-8) be T1, Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%) be T2, fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-15-5) be T3, Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%) be T4.Not use any fertilizer as blank 1 (CK).
Test random alignment, every kind of fertilizer adopts great Qu plantation, and area is 70m
2(2.9m × 7m × 3, each community 20.3m
2).Composite fertilizer all once applies (50Kg/ mu) as base manure, and spring and wheat are stood up or the jointing stage, irrigates and imposes urea nitrogenous fertilizer (purity nitrogen 8Kg/ mu is amounted to urea 17.5Kg/ mu), other normal management in conjunction with wheat.
3, the impact of different fertilization on wheat quality
The impact of 3.1 different fertilization on Protein Content in Wheat
The impact of Fig. 2 different fertilization on Protein Content in Wheat
Note: CK: blank;
T1: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-12-8);
T2: Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%);
T3: fused melt granulated compound fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-15-5);
T4: Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%).
In table, between different lowercases, represent significant difference in 5% level, lower same.
Protein content is the principal element of weighing nutritional quality of wheat and processing quality, the acculturate impact of level of supply, envrionment conditions and cultivation step of thing of the accumulation of Wheat Grain Protein.As seen from Figure 2, T2 (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-12-8, humic acids content 6%) and T4 (N-P
2o
5-K
2o:25-15-5, humic acids content 6%) Protein Content in Wheat processed is significantly higher than all the other and processes, and there was no significant difference between the two, compared with blank, T2 and T4 process increases respectively 89.9% and 89%.Compared with common fused melt granulated compound fertilizer, the Protein Content in Wheat of Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer significantly raises, and compared with T1, the protein content that T2 processes raises 20.7%, and compared with T3, the protein content that T4 processes raises 21.4%.
Using Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer can significantly increase the content of protein in wheat, effectively improves wheat quality.
The impact of 3.2 different fertilization on wet wheat gluten content
The impact of Fig. 3 different fertilization on wet wheat gluten content
Wet gluten is that wheat flour dough washes away after starch, the elastic-plastic materials obtaining, and it is made up of gliadine and glutenin.Wet gluten is an important indicator weighing wheat quality, and the quality of wheat quality depends primarily on content and the quality of gluten, and the nutritional quality shape that it had both reflected wheat, reflects again its processing quality shape.
As shown in Figure 3, use Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer and can significantly increase the content of wet gluten in wheat.Compared with processing with T1, the wet gluten content that T2 processes raises 6.72%, and compared with processing with T3, the wet gluten content that T4 processes raises 6.37%.
The impact of 3.3 different fertilization on wheat yield
The yield per unit of wheat is reconstituted by unit surface spike number, number of grain per ear and grain.Within the specific limits, output is along with the increase of unit surface spike number improves.Spike number is too much, and number of grain per ear reduces, and grain heavily declines, and output also reduces.Therefore, only, in the situation that three coordinates mutually, could obtain high yield.
The impact of table 1 different fertilization on wheat yield and constituent element thereof
Process |
Grain number per spike (individual/fringe) |
Thousand seed weight (g) |
Hectare spike number (ten thousand/hm
2)
|
Output (kg/hm
2)
|
CK |
31.2 |
50.34 |
430.24 |
6757.38c |
T1 |
34.81 |
46.07 |
449.29 |
7205.25b |
T2 |
39.12 |
47.07 |
471.69 |
8686a |
T3 |
36.51 |
46.65 |
428.63 |
7300.32b |
T4 |
41.04 |
44.55 |
473.84 |
8663.18a |
Note: represent significant difference in 5% level in table between different lowercases
As shown in Table 1, use Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer and can significantly increase grain number per spike, spike number and the output of wheat.Compared with T1, T2 processes wheat grains per spike increases by 12.38%, and hectare spike number increases by 4.99%, and output increases by 20.55%, and compared with T3, T4 processes wheat grains per spike increases by 12.41%, and hectare spike number increases by 10.55% volume increase 18.67%.
Test-results shows: compared with the Common compound fertilizer of equal nutrient, using Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer can significantly increase grain number per spike, spike number and the output of wheat, and wheat can increase production 18.67%-20.55%.Special functional melt granulated humic acid fertilizer is collection special fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, multi-Functional Fertilizers is in one, it is a kind of multifunctional fertilizers of the new green environment protection that improves envrionment conditions, institute's additive humic acids wide material sources, cheap, can extend the validity period of nitrogen nutrient, reach " fixed nitrogen, short phosphorus, short potassium " effect, and activating soil Meso-and micro-nutrients, have balanced in nutrition, fertilizer efficiency is fast, crop absorption ratio is high, improvement soil, culture fertility, strong stress resistance, improve output, improve the several functions such as quality, that one has high benefit, full nutrition, anti-pollution, be rich in organic matter and take into account the product of the advantages such as improvement soil, not only accomplish the land used combination of increasing soil fertility, and volume increase, efficiently, pollution-free, agricultural sustainable development and the new-type fertilizer of producing green food, the development that promotes the ecological agriculture is had great importance.