CN102503337B - Prefabricated panels and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Prefabricated panels and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102503337B CN102503337B CN201110351242.1A CN201110351242A CN102503337B CN 102503337 B CN102503337 B CN 102503337B CN 201110351242 A CN201110351242 A CN 201110351242A CN 102503337 B CN102503337 B CN 102503337B
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Abstract
The invention provides prefabricated panels, which comprise the following raw materials of: cement, coal ash, an aggregate of a heat-insulating material, a stone-forming agent and water, wherein a mass ratio of the cement to the coal ash is (2.0-3.5):1.0, a mass ratio of the water to the cement and the coal ash is (1.0-1.2):1.0, and a mass ratio of the cement and the coal ash to the aggregate of the heat-insulating material is (2.0-3.0):1.0; the stone-forming agent is a polymer and comprises the following components of: alkane sulfonate, dodecanol, starch, cellulose sodium, gypsum and sodium sulfate, and a mass ratio of the cement and the coal ash to the stone-forming agent is 1.0:(0.03-0.05). The prefabricated panels have high bearing capacity, good properties of heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, leakage resistance and corrosion prevention, the explosion relief property, and the advantages of high processability, capability of being sawn, nailed, drilled, coated and bonded, no pollution and zero discharge; and the panels do not have steel frames, so a 'cold bridge' effect is avoided, and the higher requirement of the buildings can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building material field, be specifically related to a kind of prefabricated panels and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with various heat insulatings, energy-conservation requirement improve day by day, the various type materials such as inorganic thermal insulation material, organic thermal insulation materials and compound thermal insulation material arise at the historic moment, scientific research personnel and engineering technical personnel combine stressed and insulation dexterously, so produced cement expanded perlite plate, autoclaved aerated concrete slab; Metal skinned sandwich panel; Foam cement composition board; Steel skeleton light-duty plate etc., and this trend is in continuous expansion, and development space is increasing, in Industrial buildings, storage engineering and covil construction interlayer engineering, is used widely.
Yet all there are some shortcoming and defect in existing material, as: between the load-bearing of cement expanded perlite plate and insulation, have certain antagonism, bearing capacity is high, and heat-insulating property is just low, and bearing capacity is low, and heat-insulating property is just high; Autoclaved aerated concrete slab density is higher, and thermal conductivity is bigger than normal, bearing capacity is on the low side; Metal clip central layer poor durability, fire endurance is low; Foaming foam in foam cement composition board is large, and bubble wall is thin and crisp and be closo, and under chance regimen condition, each foam will become " sump ", and the security of member will be on the hazard; Steel skeleton light-duty plate must have the steel of exposing frame, is prone to " cold bridge " effect and easily corrosion.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of prefabricated panels and preparation method thereof, and this prefabricated panels good combination property, has good weight capacity and heat-insulating property, good endurance, and fire endurance is high, can meet higher building requirements.The present invention also provides the preparation method of this material of construction.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A prefabricated panels, raw materials comprises cement, flyash, lagging material aggregate, becomes stone agent and water;
The mass ratio of described cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5: 1.0; The mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.0～1.2: 1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and described lagging material aggregate is 2.0～3.0: 1.0; The agent of described one-tenth stone is polymkeric substance, and component comprises alkylsulfonate, lauryl alcohol, starch, sodium cellulosate, gypsum, sodium sulfate, and it is 1.0: 0.03～0.05 with the mass ratio that becomes stone agent that cement adds flyash.
As preferably, inside is furnished with reinforcing bar or woven wire.
As preferably, at the bottom of the plate of described prefabricated panels, there is the polymer mortar layer of 2mm～3mm.
As preferably, the mass ratio that described water and cement add flyash is 1.1: 1.0.
As preferably, described lagging material aggregate is one or more material blends in pearlstone, glass bead, multicellular glass, phenol formaldehyde foam.
As preferably, described lagging material aggregate is pearlstone, and particle diameter is 1mm～3mm, and the mass ratio that described cement adds flyash and pearlstone is 2.2: 1.0.
As preferably, described cement is that mass ratio is that No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements of 2: 8 mix.
As preferably, described flyash is II level flyash.
As preferably, specification is for long * wide * thick: 1500mm * 3000mm * 100mm.
A preparation method for prefabricated panels, comprises the following steps:
By cement, flyash, the agent of one-tenth stone and water mix and blend, then drop into lagging material aggregate and stir, obtain slurry, re-use mould and build moulding;
The mass ratio of described cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5: 1.0; The mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.0～1.2: 1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and described lagging material aggregate is 2.0～3.0: 1.0; The agent of described one-tenth stone is polymkeric substance, and component comprises alkylsulfonate, lauryl alcohol, starch, sodium cellulosate, gypsum, sodium sulfate, and it is 1.0: 0.03～0.05 with the mass ratio that becomes stone agent that cement adds flyash.
As preferably, before building, in described mould, put into reinforcing bar or woven wire, more described slurry is built into mould molding.
As preferably, build after moulding, at the bottom of plate, scrape the polymer mortar of 2mm～3mm.
As preferably, described lagging material aggregate is pearlstone, and particle diameter is 1mm～3mm.
As preferably, described cement is that mass ratio is that No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements of 2: 8 mix.
The invention provides a kind of prefabricated panels, there is good weight capacity, good endurance, insulation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, impervious, antiseptic property is good; Have venting of dust explosion characteristic, under instantaneous blast dynamic loading, the utmost point, in the short period of time, can form the comminuted particle that maximum block is no more than 50g～60g; Also have processibility good, can saw, can follow closely, can dig, can bore, can be coated with, can paste, the characteristic such as pollution-free, zero release, and this plate is without steel frame, can there is not " cold bridge " effect, antiseptic property is good, can meet higher building requirements, because anticorrosive board and venting of dust explosion plate still belong to blank at home, market demand is very huge, has vast potential for future development.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these are described is for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The invention provides a kind of prefabricated panels, applicant is called " swollen stone composition board ", is cement, flyash, lagging material aggregate to be mixed under normal temperature, condition of normal pressure be equipped with quantitative one-tenth stone agent, the cement base products that aquation forms.
Cement is good gelling material, by Calucium Silicate powder, Dicalcium Phosphate (Feed Grade), tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, gypsum, formed, after mixing with water, through physical-chemical reaction process, can become hard Shi Zhuanti by plasticity-slurry, and can will fall apart shape granulated material be cemented to integral body, it can not only harden in air, and can in water, harden better, keep and develop intensity, belonging to hydraulic cementing materials.
Lagging material aggregate can be one or more material blends in pearlstone, glass bead, multicellular glass, phenol formaldehyde foam, more preferably pearlstone.Pearlstone be take perlite ore as raw material, perlite is the glassy lava that a kind of acid magma ejection forms, it is volcanic glass that essential mineral forms, contain the crystalline minerals such as a small amount of sanidine, quartz simultaneously, perlite sharply adds thermal expansion and forms lightweight, multi-functional pearlstone through fragmentation, classification, preheating, high-temperature melting are instantaneous, is particulate state accumulation, has micropore, specific surface area is large, and density is 70kg/m
3, thermal conductivity 0.04w/ (mk), stable chemical performance, water absorbability be little, nontoxic, tasteless, be stale-proof, do not fire, sound-absorbing, within the scope of-40 ℃～100 ℃, is ideal thermal insulation material, has good heat-insulating property, belongs to light skeletal.
The main raw material(s) of traditional cement expanded perlite material is cement and pearlstone, cement expanded perlite adopts concrete manufacture craft completely, after adding by a certain percentage water by cement and pearlstone, stir the uniform slurry of generation, can be applied to metope, roofing, pipeline etc. locates, also slurry can be injected in the steel framework of customization, make prefabricated panels.
The present invention adopts " equivalent method of substitution " with the flyash of equivalent, to replace the cement of equivalent on this basis.Because the proportion of flyash and cement is respectively 2200kg/m
3and 3100kg/m
3, this " equivalent ", by the variation producing on volume, density is reduced, and bearing capacity remains unchanged.
Flyash is Industry Waste rejected material, and particle diameter is generally 0.001～0.05mm, is solid or hollow spherical particle, and surface compact is better, and main component is active silica and activated alumina, can produce secondary hydration effect.Flyash equivalent replaces cement, can improve the intensity of material and reduce density, reduces drying shrinkage degree, reduces hydration heat and expands, and improves workability, suppresses alkali and gathers materials, sulfuric-resisting corrosive nature etc.
Test and practice show that cement, flyash, lagging material aggregate are compatible, are the ideal materials of producing " swollen stone composition board ".In the present invention, the mass ratio of cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5: 1.0; Water cement ratio is that the mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.0～1.2: 1.0, is preferably 1.1: 1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and lagging material aggregate is 2.0～3.0: 1.0, and when lagging material aggregate is selected pearlstone, (concrete and coal ash) is 2.2: 1.0 with the mass ratio of pearlstone.
In order to control intensity and the heat retaining property of prefabricated panels, the present invention preferably No. 42.5 cement, II level flyash and top grade pearlstones prepares sheet material, and the particle diameter of pearlstone is preferably 1mm～3mm.The moulding of precoated plate needs custom mold in addition, mould turnover rate has relation closely with " swollen stone composition board " rate of set, " swollen stone composition board " condenses soon, mould turnover is just fast, " swollen stone composition board " condenses slowly, mould turnover is just slow, and the present invention preferably mixes No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements to use in the ratio of 2: 8, can shorten one times time of coagulation.
In the process for preparation of " swollen stone composition board ", become stone agent to play critical effect.One-tenth stone of the present invention agent is a kind of polymkeric substance, and its component comprises alkylsulfonate, lauryl alcohol (R12), starch, sodium cellulosate, gypsum, sodium sulfate etc.
Become stone agent can make slurry evenly be adsorbed on constantly thickening of pearlstone surface, form gradually closely knit integral body, impel " swollen stone composition board " reexpansion simultaneously, in " swollen stone composition board ", produce and be uniformly distributed the closed micropore that aperture is less than 1.0mm, form the wall shell that pore wall thickness is about 5～10mm, be beneficial to insulation, but intensity is not had to impact.After becoming stone agent to enter, can improve the hydrophobic nature of pearlstone, hydrophobic can make insulation better, through experiment, has also fully proved this point simultaneously.
Becoming stone agent is white powder, be to be polymerized through scientific technology by organic polymer material and inorganic active excitation material, there is good cohesiveness, retentiveness, swelling, splitting resistance, enhancement, in solution, form micro-pore and to there being the technical characteristics such as hydration activity material production priming effect.
Becoming stone agent is amphiphilic species, belongs to the anion surfactant of low surface tension, and especially in the cement, flyash aqueous solution, effect is remarkable.On water air interface, hydrophobic group is to air one side oriented adsorption, in cement, flyash water termination, cement, flyash ion hydration adsorbs mutually with hydrophilic group, hydrophobic group deviates from cement, flyash and ion hydration thereof, forms hydrophobic group adsorption layer, and tries hard near air surface.Due to this ion to air surface near with the adsorption that becomes stone agent molecule on air-water interface, the surface tension of water will significantly be reduced, make cement, flyash in whipping process, produce a large amount of fine pores, these pores have the oriented adsorption layer with identical charges, so mutually repel and can be uniformly distributed.Other direction is subject to the impact of polar group hydratability and section thereof, and polar group water dipole effect generation aquation in water and around attracts water molecules to form water layer to pore surface, makes pore stable, does not break.Can also attract in addition cement, flyash particle aquation in its water layer, increase the intensity of the rear shell of sclerosis.
The pore with better stability carries out turbulent flow and makes cave in cement, flyash slip, can obtain desirable hole shape and aperture, thereby improves the thermal conductivity of sending out porosity and reducing material, because environmental stress morphology of stomata is polyhedron.Hole diameter below 200 μ m, reduces cement and flying ash grout volume density mostly, ceaselessly stirs, and the diameter of pore will change, and to grade expansion, this variation will make cement and flying ash grout volumetric expansion and the unloose slurry lightweight that realizes.
Become in addition the priming effect of stone agent to have considerable influence to the fundamental property of cement with to the potential hydration activity of flyash.Become in stone agent component and contain a certain amount of gypsum, so cement, flyash adds after water, the C in cement clinker
3a reacts with gypsum and generates ettringite, and C
3s aquation becomes C-S-H and Ca (OH)
2enter cement, flyash hydration reaction system, i.e. Fly ash-CaO-H
2o system.
Along with the prolongation of hydration age, Ca (OH)
2dissolve, excite molecule, C-S-H to corrode flyash particle, around fly ash grain, form alkaline integument, now the pH value of slurry will uprise.In slurry, have a large amount of Ca (OH)
2colloid and a small amount of tiny nucleus, wherein silicate negative ion group and Ca
2+start combination, at Surface Realize C-S-H colloid.The glassy phase on fly ash grain surface is at Ca (OH)
2, C-S-H and exciting under the common erosion of molecule, there is Si-O and M-O bond rupture glass network and disintegrate, the C/S hydrated product of generation has improved the intensity of hardenite.
Therefore become the priming effect of stone agent to accelerate gelating material α-TCP bone cement speed, shortened initial set and the final setting time of gelating material, reduced the water consumption of cement cementitious material, improved resistance to compression and the folding strength of gelating material.
For making the present invention's " swollen stone composition board " there is higher intensity, can also allocate in the preparation reinforcing bar or woven wire into, as allocate low-carbon (LC) cold drawn steel wire into, the sheet material of making has better load-bearing effect.
Preferably, at the bottom of the plate of " swollen stone composition board " of the present invention, there is the polymer mortar layer of 2mm～3mm, can resist the corrosion of acid, alkali, steam.
The preparation method of material of construction provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
Proportional cement, flyash, the agent of one-tenth stone and water are dropped in stirred pot, when there is the even slurry of a large amount of suspension microvesicle formulas, then drop into lagging material aggregate, stir, obtain slurry, re-use the moulding of mould one-time-concreting, this process can full-automaticly be produced;
Wherein each component proportions is closed and is: the mass ratio of cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5: 1.0; The mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.0～1.2: 1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and lagging material aggregate is 2.0～3.0: 1.0; It is 1.0: 0.03～0.05 with the mass ratio that becomes stone agent that cement adds flyash.
The method that the present invention adopts is secondary batching method, than by cement, flyash, lagging material aggregate, to become stone agent and water to put into the method that stirred pot stirs good simultaneously.Because the proportion of cement is 3.1 times of water proportion, the proportion of flyash is 2.2 times of water proportion, lagging material aggregate is preferably used pearlstone, the proportion of pearlstone is 0.16～0.18 times of water proportion, and the hydro-planing that all material stirring simultaneously can produce pearlstone makes slurry produce to a certain extent inhomogeneous.And method of the present invention has overcome grout and is difficult to, the even defect of parcel of pearlstone, mix, the contact area of cement and pearlstone increases, and has increased the intensity of material of construction after preparation and has saved cement.
The present invention preferably, before building, puts into reinforcing bar or woven wire in template, as low-carbon (LC) cold drawn steel wire, after fixing, the slurry making is poured into again.For resisting corrosion, also can build after moulding at sheet material, at the bottom of plate, scrape the polymer mortar of 2mm～3mm, polymkeric substance is the cementing material of polymer, this area is commonly used, and generally adopts formaldehyde polyvinyl acetal.
According to " swollen stone composition board ", have can saw, can dig, spelling organizes feature flexibly, can make the specification of 1500 * 3000 * 100mm, directly be layered on purlin on the purlin for 1500mm, the 3000mm of take can spelling group go out the template that 6000mm, 7500mm, 9000mm etc. meet engineering requirements as basic module, can also be according to design and actual requirement of engineering, the plate of sawing, dig into different shapes and size carries out assembled.
Embodiment:
According to secondary batching method, first cement, flyash, the agent of one-tenth stone and water being dropped in stirred pot, stir after 2～3 minutes, there are a large amount of suspension microvesicles in slurry, drops into pearlstone, stirs; In template, allocate low-carbon (LC) cold drawn steel wire into, fixing rear with the moulding of ready slurry one-time-concreting, make the prefabricated panels that specification is 1500 * 3000 * 100mm.
Top grade pearlstone 45.5kg, water 110kg that wherein cement 75kg, II level flyash 25kg, particle diameter are 1mm～3mm, No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements of cement is 15kg No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and 60kg mix.
Precoated plate prepared by the present invention carries out performance test, compares with current several building boards, and data are in Table 1:
Table 1 technical characteristic with prefabricated panels and existing building sheet material of the present invention
Note: this is shown every data and only limits to general roof boarding.
Can see that prefabricated panels prepared by the present invention compares with existing several building boards, have bearing capacity higher, thermal conductivity is low, good heat insulating, the advantage that fire endurance is high, and this prefabricated panels is compared with steel skeleton light-duty plate, there is no steel frame, can there is not " cold bridge " effect, steam air transmission coefficient is low, be only 0.00004g/ (mhPa), can effectively stop the erosion of moisture and obnoxious flavour, guarantee the weather resistance of sheet material.
Above a kind of prefabricated panels provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail.Applied specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a prefabricated panels, is characterized in that, raw materials comprises cement, flyash, pearlstone, the agent of one-tenth stone and water;
The mass ratio of described cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5:1.0; The mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.1:1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and described pearlstone is 2.2:1.0; The agent of described one-tenth stone is mixture, and component comprises alkylsulfonate, lauryl alcohol, starch, sodium cellulosate, gypsum, sodium sulfate, and it is 1.0:0.03～0.05 with the mass ratio that becomes stone agent that cement adds flyash; The particle diameter of described pearlstone is 1mm～3mm; Described cement is that mass ratio is that No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements of 2:8 mix; Described flyash is II level flyash.
2. prefabricated panels according to claim 1, is characterized in that, inside is furnished with reinforcing bar or woven wire.
3. prefabricated panels according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, has the polymer mortar layer of 2mm～3mm at the bottom of the plate of described prefabricated panels.
4. prefabricated panels according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, specification is for long * wide * thick: 1500mm * 3000mm * 100mm.
5. a preparation method for prefabricated panels, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By cement, flyash, the agent of one-tenth stone and water mix and blend, then drop into pearlstone and stir, obtain slurry, re-use template and build moulding;
The mass ratio of described cement and flyash is 2.0～3.5:1.0; The mass ratio that water and cement add flyash is 1.1:1.0; The mass ratio that cement adds flyash and described pearlstone is 2.2:1.0; The agent of described one-tenth stone is mixture, and component comprises alkylsulfonate, lauryl alcohol, starch, sodium cellulosate, gypsum, sodium sulfate, and it is 1.0:0.03～0.05 with the mass ratio that becomes stone agent that cement adds flyash; The particle diameter of described pearlstone is 1mm～3mm; Described cement is that mass ratio is that No. 42.5 aluminosulfate cements and No. 42.5 ordinary Portland cements of 2:8 mix; Described flyash is II level flyash.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, puts into reinforcing bar or woven wire, more described slurry is built to progressive die sheet metal forming before building in described template.
7. according to the preparation method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, after casting, at the bottom of plate, scrape the polymer mortar of 2mm～3mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103304212B (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-24 | 嘉兴学院 | Foam glass insulation board |
| CN103664101A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 蚌埠市天网渔需用品有限公司 | Inorganic phenolic aldehyde compound thermal insulation mortar |
| CN106116433B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-10-24 | 唐兴彦 | A kind of high-strength fire-retardant prefabricated board and its production technology |
| CN106316458A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-11 | 石家庄冉川建材科技有限公司 | Mortar for lightweight board of steel framework and preparation method of mortar |
| CN107963840A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-04-27 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of pressure release building board and its mounting structure using modified expanded glass bead |
| CN108017344B (en) * | 2017-12-02 | 2020-09-29 | 广东新元素板业有限公司 | Wood fiber reinforced inorganic cementitious material for preparing explosion venting plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109159280B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2023-12-05 | 中国人民解放军63926部队 | Ready-to-install high-temperature ablation-resistant prefabricated member for launching station diversion trench and construction method of fire-resistant protective layer |
| CN113860839A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 广西新筑新材料科技有限公司 | Cement ribbon board and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1458356A (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2003-11-26 | 王凤蕊 | Air-entraining thermal insulation board and its producing method and special forming device |
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| CN1458356A (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2003-11-26 | 王凤蕊 | Air-entraining thermal insulation board and its producing method and special forming device |
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