CN102491710A - Texture decorative mortar and construction process thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a textured decorative mortar and its construction technology. The textured decorative mortar mainly includes the following components in parts by weight: 130-170 parts by weight of Portland cement; 130-170 parts of slaked lime; 580-760 parts of quartz sand; heavy calcium Powder 10-20. The construction process includes: dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed; apply the stirred mortar to the pretreated exterior wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, and apply it to a certain thickness and smooth with a spatula. The present invention starts from the basic properties of slaked lime and cement, reduces the amount of polymer powder, adjusts the performance of the mortar through the hardening properties of cement and slaked lime, and adds an appropriate amount of dry powder mortar additives. High-quality mortar has excellent crack resistance, water resistance, durability and decorative properties, and reduces costs.

Description

A kind of texture decorative mortar and its construction technology

technical field

The invention relates to the field of indoor and outdoor decoration engineering, in particular to a textured decorative mortar and a construction process thereof.

Background technique

Wall decorative mortar is a decorative plastering material for building wall surfaces and ceilings composed of inorganic cementitious materials, fillers, additives and/or aggregates. Decorative mortar has been widely used in European exterior wall finishing systems. Because of its excellent characteristics, it has gradually replaced paint and facing bricks and has become the best choice for finishing layers. Its self-weight is lighter than that of facing bricks, which increases the safety of the external wall structure; at the same time, its anti-aging ability is stronger than that of paint, and through different construction and modeling techniques, the wall can be changed into different textures, colors, patterns and textures. Therefore, decorative mortar has also developed rapidly in my country in recent years.

For the current exterior wall decoration materials, there are generally a series of problems such as cracking, poor waterproofness, and low adhesion, among which the most important one is the cracking of the material. Since cement mortar is a brittle material, it is pressure-resistant but not folding-resistant. Most of the destructiveness of current concrete and cement mortar is due to cracking caused by excessive brittleness. Effectively increasing its toughness can greatly expand its application range and prolong its life. useful life. In order to solve the problem of surface cracking and make its flexibility meet the standard requirements of decorative mortar, it is usually necessary to add a large amount of polymer powder, thus significantly increasing the cost of dry powder mortar.

This shows that above-mentioned existing decorative mortar and construction technology thereof obviously still have inconvenience and defective in product, method and use, and demand urgently further improving. How to improve the waterproof and breathable properties of mortar, reduce the elastic modulus of mortar, improve the flexibility of mortar, and avoid the occurrence of cracking, hollowing, and falling off of external wall mortar caused by excessive brittle shrinkage are the current research in the field of decorative mortar. main problem.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a textured decorative mortar, so that its anti-crack performance, waterproof performance and durability can all meet the requirements, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the existing decorative mortar.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a textured decorative mortar, which mainly includes the following components in parts by weight: Portland cement 130-170; slaked lime 130-170; quartz sand 580-760; heavy calcium powder 10-20 .

As an improvement of the present invention, it also includes 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of cellulose ether and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of starch ether.

It also includes 0.2-1.0 parts by weight of accelerator.

It also includes 1-5 parts by weight of water repellent.

It also includes 10-20 parts by weight of heavy calcium powder.

Also includes 0-0.2 parts by weight of air-entraining agent, the quartz sand includes: 160-240 parts by weight of quartz sand 20-40 mesh; 180-220 parts by weight of quartz sand 40-70 mesh; 280 parts by weight of quartz sand 70-120 mesh - 300 parts by weight.

It also includes 2-6 parts by weight of wood fiber, the said accelerator is 0.4-1.0 parts by weight, and the quartz sand includes: 40-70 mesh of quartz sand, 260-320 parts by weight; 70-120 mesh of quartz sand, 320 - 420 parts by weight.

The invention also provides a construction process for the textured decorative mortar, so that the textured decorative mortar of the invention can be applied to interior and exterior walls, and can cooperate with subsequent processes to enhance its decorative effect.

When applied to external walls, the construction process of the above-mentioned textured decorative mortar of the present invention includes the following steps: dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 18-22% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed to achieve a suitable mechanical spraying or The viscosity of manual construction; apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated exterior wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, with a thickness of 1-1.5cm, and smooth it with a spatula; after spraying and smoothing for 3-5 hours Finally, wipe the surface of the mortar layer with a wiping board.

As a further improvement, a step of water washing and wire cutting is also included at the end.

When applied to interior walls, the construction process of the above-mentioned textured decorative mortar of the present invention includes the following steps: dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 20-24% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed to achieve a suitable mechanical spraying or The viscosity of manual construction; apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated inner wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, with a thickness of 3-5mm, and smooth it with a spatula.

After adopting such design, the present invention has the following advantages at least:

1. The present invention adds slaked lime in a large amount. During the drying and hardening process of the slaked lime slurry, a pore network is formed due to the evaporation of water. At this time, the free water left in the pores has a concave shape at the narrowest point due to the surface tension of the water. The meniscus produces capillary pressure, which makes the lime ions more compact and obtains additional strength. At the same time, the slaked lime slurry undergoes carbonation, and the dry and hardened lime slurry absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, which can generate actually insoluble calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate The grains co-exist with each other and gradually increase from the surface to the inside, while the solid phase volume of calcium carbonate is slightly larger than that of calcium hydroxide, which makes the mortar system more compact and makes it firm. The entire mortar system plays a role in compensating for shrinkage, which greatly improves the crack resistance of the material;

2. The present invention adopts slaked lime and cement as the cementitious material. In the slaked lime/cement binary composite cementitious material, due to the interaction of the hydraulic hardness of the cement and the air hardness of the slaked lime, the effect of improving the folding ratio of the mortar system is played, increasing the The flexibility of the mortar improves the service life of the decorative mortar;

3. Cellulose ether and starch ether play a role in water retention, thickening, and improvement of construction performance in the mortar. Good water retention can ensure the extension of the opening time of the mortar and reduce the damage to the wall caused by insufficient hydration of the mortar. Powder falling, sanding, and thickening can increase the wet viscosity of freshly mixed mortar, improve the wet bonding performance of mortar and substrate, improve the utilization rate of mortar, and reduce waste; lignocellulose has excellent flexibility and dispersibility, After mixing, a three-dimensional network structure is formed in the mortar system, which enhances the supporting force and durability of the system, and can improve the stability, strength, compactness and uniformity of the system. At the same time, the wood fiber has a certain water retention. The capillary action can absorb liquid. When solidified, the internal moisture is conveyed to the surface of the medium through the capillary. Under the double action of wood fiber and water retention agent, the water is evenly distributed in the mortar system, which can greatly slow down the hydration reaction. The rapid consumption of water can avoid the strength drop and cracking caused by excessive water loss, so that the bond strength and surface strength of the material can be significantly improved; calcium formate is widely used in dry powder mortar as an early strength agent, and has the ability to accelerate cement water. It can improve the performance of the early strength of mortar, and can play a certain role in water reduction, which can speed up the construction progress; the water repellent can form a film in the mortar system, improve the pore structure, so that water vapor molecules can pass freely, and the macromolecules can pass through freely. Water molecules cannot pass through, thereby enhancing the hydrophobic function of the mortar and inhibiting the phenomenon of returning to alkali;

4. The carbonation of slaked lime makes the mortar structure more compact, and the hydrophobic function of the water-repellent agent to form a film during the hardening process of the mortar. The combined action of the two makes the waterproof effect of the decorative mortar more excellent, and reduces the impact on the wall material due to water penetration. the destruction of

5. The exterior wall decoration mortar of the present invention adopts single-layer construction, which has the common effect of plastering and decoration. The process is simple, and the material is consistent inside and outside. Through the method of rubbing and washing, the exterior wall has a three-dimensional texture, the appearance is solemn and elegant, and has "Micro-powder" effect, easy to clean, clean as new after cleaning, iron oxide pigments are used for color matching, which ensures uniform color and durable color of the material, and the apparent color of the mortar can be adjusted only by changing the proportion of pigments, which is simple feasible.

As mentioned above, the present invention proceeds from the basic properties of the two cementitious materials of slaked lime and cement, reduces the amount of polymer powder, and adjusts the mortar through the hardening characteristics of the two cementitious materials of cement and slaked lime, as well as adding an appropriate amount of dry powder mortar additives. performance, and the appropriate amount of dry powder mortar additives are applied to the decorative mortar, and the prepared mortar has excellent crack resistance, water resistance, durability and decoration, and reduces the cost, which is suitable for popularization.

Detailed ways

The texture decorative mortar of the present invention mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight:

Portland cement 130-170

Slaked lime 130-170

Quartz sand 580-760.

Among them, Portland cement is preferably white Portland 52.5 cement. The performance of slaked lime should meet the technical indicators of JC481-1992 calcareous hydrated lime powder. The particle size of heavy calcium powder should be less than 0.05mm. The quartz sand is preferably scrubbed and dried. white quartz sand.

The present invention mixes a large proportion of slaked lime into the mortar, improves the microstructure of the hardened mortar, makes the hardened mortar have better air permeability than ordinary mortar, and makes the textured decorative mortar have the function of adjusting the humidity inside and outside the building wall. So that people feel more comfortable in the interior where the material is used as the outer wall; at the same time, the fold ratio of the mortar is reduced (the 28d compressive strength value of the mortar is greater than the 28d flexural strength value), which has better flexibility than ordinary mortar and reduces the The trend of mortar shrinkage and cracking; it can also cooperate with special construction technology to make the texture decorative mortar achieve a three-dimensional texture effect.

In order to further improve the water retention performance and viscosity of the decorative mortar and make it more convenient for construction, 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of cellulose ether and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of starch ether can also be added to the textured decorative mortar of the present invention. Among them, the cellulose ether can be selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose ether or hydroxypropyl cellulose ether.

In order to accelerate the cement hydration and improve the early strength of the mortar, 0.2-1.0 parts by weight of an early strength agent can also be added to the textured decorative mortar of the present invention, and the early strength agent can be calcium formate.

In order to further improve the pore structure of the mortar system, enhance the hydrophobic performance of the mortar, and for the purpose of inhibiting the alkali reversion phenomenon, 1-5 parts by weight of a water-repellent agent can also be added to the textured decorative mortar of the present invention. The hydrophobic agent can be selected calcium stearate or zinc stearate.

In addition, 10-20 parts by weight of heavy calcium powder and an appropriate amount of pigments, preferably iron oxide inorganic pigments, can be added. The amount of pigments is determined according to the specific color required.

When used for exterior walls, the optimal composition of textured decorative mortar of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:

When used for interior walls, the optimal composition of textured decorative mortar of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:

Among them, wood fibers are preferably those whose fiber length is less than or equal to 3mm, which can enhance the supporting force and durability of the system.

When the textured decorative mortar of the present invention is used for exterior walls, the construction process includes the following steps: dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 18-22% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed to achieve a suitable mechanical spraying or manual construction. Viscosity; apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated (mainly cleaning and wetting of attachments) external wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, and reach the corresponding thickness (1-1.5cm is appropriate) , and smooth it with a spatula; after spraying and smoothing for 3-5 hours (final setting of the mortar), when the mortar has a certain strength, use a wiping board to wipe the surface of the mortar layer, and wipe the unevenness Smooth, so that the surface of the mortar can achieve a three-dimensional effect.

In addition, the outer wall can also be shaped by washing, thread cutting, etc., and ordinary household sponges can be used for washing tools. The mortar treated by the washing process will produce different color effects from the rubbing treatment, so that different color effects can be obtained through different treatments for one kind of mortar, which is convenient for the adjustment of the style during mortar construction. The present invention can make the outer wall have a three-dimensional texture by rubbing and washing with water, and the appearance is solemn and elegant, and has the effect of "fine powder", which is convenient for cleaning, and is as bright and clean as new after cleaning.

When the textured decorative mortar of the present invention is used for an interior wall, the construction process includes the following steps: dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 20-24% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed to achieve a suitable quality for mechanical spraying or manual construction. Viscosity: Apply the stirred mortar to the pretreated inner wall (mainly cleaning and wetting of attachments) by mechanical spraying or manual construction, and reach the corresponding thickness (3-5mm is appropriate), and use Smooth with a spatula.

The present invention is further illustrated below by several specific examples, and the following parts are parts by weight without special instructions:

Embodiment 1: a kind of decorative mortar for exterior walls, uniformly mixed in a mixer by the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 130 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 10 parts of heavy calcium powder, 20 parts -180 parts of 40 mesh white quartz sand, 220 parts of 40-70 mesh white quartz sand, 300 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 0.8 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.2 part of starch ether, 0.4 part of calcium formate, stearin Calcium acid 2 parts.

Embodiment 2: a kind of decorative mortar for exterior walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 148 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 140 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 12 parts of heavy calcium powder, 20 parts -200 parts of 40 mesh white quartz sand, 200 parts of 40-70 mesh white quartz sand, 300 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.3 part of starch ether, 0.4 part of calcium formate, stearin Calcium acid 3 parts, iron oxide yellow 4 parts.

Embodiment 3: a kind of decorative mortar for exterior walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 140 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 145 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 15 parts of heavy calcium powder, 20 parts -210 parts of 40 mesh white quartz sand, 210 parts of 40-70 mesh white quartz sand, 280 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1.2 parts of hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, 0.3 part of starch ether, 0.6 part of calcium formate, stearin Calcium acid 3 parts, composite iron green 5 parts.

Embodiment 4: a kind of decorative mortar for exterior walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 130 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 150 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 20 parts of heavy calcium powder, 20 parts -190 parts of 40 mesh white quartz sand, 220 parts of 40-70 mesh white quartz sand, 290 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.25 part of starch ether, 0.5 part of calcium formate, stearin Calcium acid 3 parts, air-entraining agent 0.1 part, iron oxide yellow 0.6 part, iron oxide red 0.3 part.

Embodiment 5: a kind of decorative mortar for external walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 170 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 170 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 20 parts of heavy calcium powder, 20 parts -160 parts of 40 mesh white quartz sand, 180 parts of 40-70 mesh white quartz sand, 300 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 0.5 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, 0.1 part of starch ether, 0.2 part of calcium formate, stearin Calcium acid 5 parts, air-entraining agent 0.2 parts, iron oxide yellow 7 parts, iron oxide red 2 parts.

During construction, dilute the textured decorative mortar obtained in Examples 1-5 with 18-22% of its weight with water, stir mechanically or manually until the mixture is uniform, and reach a viscosity suitable for mechanical spraying or manual construction, that is, mechanical spraying or manual construction ; Apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated (mainly cleaning and wetting of attachments) external wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, and reach the corresponding thickness (1-1.5cm), and use a spatula to slightly Add smoothing; after spraying and smoothing for 3-5 hours, when the mortar has a certain strength, wipe the external wall to smooth the uneven parts, and also use water washing, wire cutting and other methods to clean the external wall modeling.

Embodiment 6: a kind of decorative mortar for interior walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 145 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 161 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 14 parts of heavy calcium powder 40- 320 parts of 70 mesh white quartz sand, 360 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1.2 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.3 parts of starch ether, 0.6 parts of calcium formate, 2 parts of calcium stearate, 3 parts of wood fiber, oxidized Iron yellow 0.5 part.

Embodiment 7: a kind of decorative mortar for interior walls, uniformly mixed in the mixer by the components of the following parts by weight: 146 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 160 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 20 parts of heavy calcium powder, 40 parts 300 parts of -70 mesh white quartz sand, 374 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, 0.25 part of starch ether, 0.7 part of calcium formate, 3 parts of calcium stearate, 4 parts of wood fiber, 2 parts of composite iron green.

Embodiment 8: A kind of decorative mortar for interior walls, uniformly mixed in a mixer by the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 140 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 10 parts of heavy calcium powder, 40 parts 320 parts of -70 mesh white quartz sand, 370 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 0.8 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.2 part of starch ether, 0.5 part of calcium formate, 3 parts of calcium stearate, 2 parts of wood fiber, Iron oxide red 1 part.

Embodiment 9: A kind of decorative mortar for interior walls, uniformly mixed in a mixer by the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 160 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 18 parts of heavy calcium powder, 40 parts 320 parts of -70 mesh white quartz sand, 352 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 1.2 parts of hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, 0.3 part of starch ether, 0.4 part of calcium formate, 2 parts of calcium stearate, 4 parts of wood fiber, Iron oxide yellow 4 parts, iron oxide red 4 parts.

Example 10: A decorative mortar for interior walls, uniformly mixed in a mixer by the following components in parts by weight: 170 parts of white silicate 52.5 cement, 130 parts of calcareous slaked lime, 40-70 mesh white quartz 260 parts of sand, 420 parts of 70-120 mesh white quartz sand, 0.5 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, 0.1 part of starch ether, 1 part of calcium formate, 4 parts of calcium stearate, 6 parts of wood fiber, 8 parts of iron oxide yellow , 2 parts of iron oxide red.

During construction, the decorative mortar obtained in Examples 6-10 is diluted with 20-24% of its weight with water, mechanically or manually stirred until uniformly mixed, reaching a viscosity suitable for mechanical spraying or manual construction, that is, mechanical spraying or manual construction; Apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated inner wall (mainly cleaning and wetting of attachments) by mechanical spraying or manual construction, and reach the corresponding thickness (3-5mm), and smooth it with a spatula. Can.

The invention discloses a textured decorative mortar used for the inner and outer walls of buildings and a construction technique matched with the mortar. The mortar uses inorganic mineral materials, which reduces the folding ratio of the mortar, improves the flexibility of the mortar, and avoids cracks caused by its own shrinkage; the inner and outer walls are constructed in a single layer, which reduces the construction process and improves the construction efficiency. , and the mortar and the wall matrix are firmly bonded, and there will be no phenomena such as cracking, hollowing, and falling off of the outer wall caused by different thermal shrinkage rates of different materials in multi-layer construction; when the mortar is applied to the outer wall, an efficient hydrophobic agent is added , and use a special tool to wipe the process, so that the hardened mortar has a three-dimensional texture, the appearance is solemn and elegant, and it has a "lotus leaf-like" hydrophobic effect and a "micro-powder" effect, so that the mortar has a good self-cleaning function; the mortar can be used as needed Pre-mixed with mineral pigments of various colors, the color is uniform, durable and weather-resistant, and not easy to fade; the modified additives are pre-mixed in the mortar to improve the construction performance, bonding performance, waterproof performance and durability of the mortar.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Those skilled in the art make some simple modifications, equivalent changes or modifications by using the technical content disclosed above, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A texture decorative mortar is characterized in that mainly comprising the following components in parts by weight: Portland cement 130-170 Slaked lime 130-170 Quartz sand 580-760. 2. A textured decorative mortar according to claim 1, further comprising 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of cellulose ether and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of starch ether. 3. A textured decorative mortar according to claim 1, further comprising 0.2-1.0 parts by weight of an accelerator. 4. A textured decorative mortar according to claim 1, further comprising 1-5 parts by weight of a water-repellent agent. 5. A kind of texture decorative mortar according to claim 1, further comprising 10-20 parts by weight of heavy calcium powder. 6. A textured decorative mortar according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it also includes an air-entraining agent of 0-0.2 parts by weight, and said quartz sand includes: Quartz sand 20-40 mesh 160-240 parts by weight Quartz sand 40-70 mesh 180-220 parts by weight Quartz sand 70-120 order 280-300 parts by weight. 7. A kind of texture decorative mortar according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it also includes 2-6 parts by weight of wood fiber, said early strength agent is 0.4-1.0 parts by weight, said Types of quartz sand include: Quartz sand 40-70 mesh 260-320 parts by weight Quartz sand 70-120 order 320-420 parts by weight. 8. A construction technique of texture decorative mortar according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 18-22% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed and reaches a viscosity suitable for mechanical spraying or manual construction; Apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated exterior wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, with a thickness of 1-1.5cm, and smooth it with a trowel; After spraying and smoothing for 3-5 hours, wipe the surface of the mortar layer with a wiping board. 9. The construction process of a textured decorative mortar according to claim 8, further comprising a step of water washing and wire cutting at the end. 10. A construction technique for textured decorative mortar according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Dilute the textured decorative mortar with water according to 20-24% of its weight, and stir it mechanically or manually until it is evenly mixed and reaches a viscosity suitable for mechanical spraying or manual construction; Apply the mixed mortar to the pretreated inner wall by mechanical spraying or manual construction, with a thickness of 3-5mm, and smooth it with a trowel.