CN102470344A - 用于再生供由叔烷基醚制备异烯烃用的催化剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于再生催化剂的方法,所述催化剂包含选自碱金属和/或碱土金属、铝氧化物和硅氧化物的混合氧化物,其特征在于,所述再生包括下列特征:i)原位处理该催化剂;ii)让催化剂与水接触;iii)在100-400℃的温度范围处理该催化剂;iv)在0.1-2MPa的压力范围处理该催化剂;v)在0.1-24小时的时间内处理该催化剂;vi)用0.1-100小时-1的催化剂时空速处理该催化剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于“原位”再生由叔烷基醚制备异烯烃的催化剂的方法。
异烯烃,例如异丁烯,是制备大量有机化合物的重要的中间产物。例如异丁烯为制备丁基橡胶、聚异丁烯、异丁烯低聚物、支化C5-醛、C5-羧酸、C5-醇和C5-烯烃的原材料。此外,它用作烷基化剂,特别是用于合成叔丁基芳族化合物,和作为生产过氧化物的中间产物。而且,异丁烯可以用作甲基丙烯酸及其酯的前体。
在工业料流中,异烯烃大多与具有相同碳原子数的其它烯烃和饱和烃共存。由这样的混合物,异烯烃无法只以物理分离方法经济地分离。
例如,异丁烯在通常的工业料流中与饱和的和不饱和的C4-烃共存。由于异丁烯与1-丁烯间沸点差异小和分离系数小,从此种混合物无法通过蒸馏经济地分离异丁烯。因此,异丁烯经常通过如下方式获得:将异丁烯转化为能容易地与剩余烃混合物分离的衍生物,和将所分离的衍生物重新裂解成异丁烯和衍生化剂。
通常异丁烯由C4-馏分(例如水蒸气裂解的C4-馏分)如下分离:通过萃取(蒸馏)或选择性加氢产生直链丁烯去除大部分的多不饱和烃(主要为1,3-丁二烯)以后,剩余的混合物(萃余液I或者选择性加氢的C4馏分)与醇或水反应。使用甲醇时,由异丁烯产生甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),和使用水产生叔丁醇(TBA)。这些衍生物在分离之后可逆向于其形成裂解为异丁烯。
所述裂解,例如由甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)裂解成异丁烯和甲醇可以在酸性或碱性催化剂存在下,在液相或气/液混合相中或在纯气相中进行。气相中的MTBE裂解具有通常在较高温度进行的优点。由此,MTBE至异丁烯和甲醇的放热反应的平衡强烈位于产物一边,这样可以达到更高的转化率。
但是在高转化率和高温情况下,副产物的形成增强。例如MTBE裂解形成的异丁烯通过酸性催化二聚化或低聚化,形成不希望的C8-组分和C12+-组分。不希望的C8-组分主要为2,4,4-三甲基-1-戊烯和2,4,4-三甲基-2-戊烯。此外,一部分裂解时产生的甲醇脱水转化为二甲醚。
因此,用于裂解叔烷基醚的方法需要这样的催化剂,该催化剂以高选择性地催化叔烷基醚裂解产生异烯烃以及醇,而不利于副反应,例如C-C-裂解或脱氢以及C-C-偶联反应或产生的醇形成醚。此外,此种催化剂应该能够实现高的空时产率(RZA)并具有长的使用寿命。
CN1853772描述在制备用于甲基叔丁基醚裂解的硅铝酸盐催化剂时水蒸气处理提高选择性的作用。但是,这样预处理的催化剂在反应条件下也失活。在CN1853772中没有描述水蒸气处理用于再生催化剂。
EP1894621A1描述用掺杂有碱金属和/或碱土金属的硅铝酸盐作为催化剂制备异烯烃的气相方法,所述催化剂的制备描述于同一专利申请中。用此在EP1894621中描述的催化剂,在转化率为85%时达到>99%的高异丁烯选择性和约97%的同样高的甲醇选择性。但是,在保持其它实验条件(温度、压力、停留时间、催化剂用量、进料组成)一样的情况下,随实验持续时间增加转化率降低。例如在其它实验条件一样的情况下,2500小时后转化率就只为72%。
现已发现,在这样的催化剂体系上,通过连续提高温度,能够确保例如85%的高转化率。但是由此,次要组分的质量增加并且至主要组分的选择性下降。其中特别是二甲醚的形成急剧增加。
在升高温度在氮气氛条件下的催化剂再生实验表明,通过在大于400℃的温度重新煅烧催化剂可恢复最初的活性。但是,大工业的大于400℃的温度的催化剂处理对于通常的在工业反应器中的醚裂解是不可能的,因为由于反应温度低于此范围,反应器对于大于400℃的温度没有以此强度设计并且适于较高温度的设计是不经济的。因此对于催化剂再生需要从反应器拆卸。这又导致较长的停机和由此生产停运。而且反应器重新装填多相催化剂是相对复杂的方法。
不拆卸催化剂也可进行的“原位”再生使得停机较短并且使得复杂的反应器的重新装填变得多余。
因此,本发明的目的在于发展用于再生基于铝硅酸盐的用于裂解叔烷基醚的催化剂的方法,其可以不从反应器拆卸,即“原位”进行并且确保关于形成异丁烯和形成甲醇的所述的选择性的恢复。
此目的通过催化剂的再生方法达成,所述催化剂包含选自碱金属和/或碱土金属、铝氧化物和硅氧化物的混合氧化物,其特征在于,所述再生包括以下特征:
i)原位处理该催化剂,
ii)让催化剂与水接触,
iii)在100-400℃的温度范围处理该催化剂,
iv)在0.1-2MPa的压力范围处理该催化剂,
v)在0.1-24小时的时间内处理该催化剂,
vi)用0.1-100小时-1的催化剂时空速(spezifisch Katalysatorbelastung)处理该催化剂
这种用水蒸气在150-380℃的温度范围,特别优选200-350℃处理用于裂解叔烷基醚的,其主要成分在形式上为铝氧化物和硅氧化物的催化剂经证实是有利的。在此情形下,不需要从反应器中拆卸催化剂。
水蒸气处理的持续时间优选为1-10小时,特别优选为2-6小时。压力范围优选在2-10巴。催化剂时空速(spezifisch
Katalysatorbelastung)(WHSV;在室温下每克催化剂每小时的水的克数)优选在0.5-30小时-1的范围。
实施例:由
MTBE
至异丁烯和甲醇的气相裂解及随后的催化剂再生
裂解在带有加热套管的固定床反应器中进行,载热油(Sasol Olefins
& Surfactants GmbH的Marlotherm SH)流过该加热套管。作为催化剂使用在EP1894621中描述过的催化剂。作为原料使用具有99.7质量%纯度的工业级质量的MTBE(Evonik Oxeno
GmbH的DRIVERON®)。
用水蒸气“原位”再生后,在运行条件下(约85%的MTBE-转化率)运行4000小时的催化剂表现出提高的转化率并且同时在其它运行参数(温度、压力、停留时间、催化剂用量、进料组成)不变的条件下对主要产物异烯烃和醇或水提高的选择性。
进入反应器之前,MTBE在蒸发器内在240-270℃被完全蒸发。在240-270℃的温度(在反应器套管内运行的Marlotherm的温度)和0.7MPa绝对的压力条件下,将每小时1500g MTBE引导通过300g催化剂,相当于5小时-1的WHSV值。气态产物混合物用气相色谱分析。为补偿连续的催化剂失活,连续提高温度,这样始终得到85%的转化率。
裂解在上述条件下进行约6000小时的时间。
4500小时后根据本发明用水蒸气进行再生,其中首先停止MTBE进料流并随后在270℃和0.7MPa使用以1小时-1的WHSV的水蒸气作为进料3小时。
由原料混合物和产物混合物的组成计算在不同的反应时间异丁烯的转化率、形成异丁烯的选择性(形成的异丁烯的摩尔数比转化的MTBE的摩尔数)和形成甲醇的选择性(形成的甲醇的摩尔数比转化的MTBE的摩尔数)。这些值汇总于下表1中。
表1:根据实施例的MTBE裂解的转化率、选择性和温度
实验时间 / 小时 | 52 | 500 | 2000 | 4000 | 4500 | 4550 | 6000 |
温度 / ℃ | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 270 | 255 | 265 |
MTBE 转化率 /% | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 99 | 85 | 85 |
异丁烯选择性 /% | > 99 | > 99 | > 99 | > 99 | > 99 | > 99 | > 99 |
甲醇选择性 /% | 97 | 96 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 95。 |
如由表1可知,催化剂随运行时间增加而失活。为补偿持续的催化剂失活的连续升温同时造成甲醇选择性从开始的约97%降至4000小时处94%的值。在约4500小时处用水蒸气再生后,此催化剂在相同的温度表现出显著增高的活性,转化率增加至约99%,而甲醇的选择性也甚至还略微提高至95%。此后,如此调整温度,使得转化率重新调节为85%,可观察到相对于水蒸气再生前的状态明显提高的甲醇选择性。在水蒸气处理后催化剂也失活,但另外表现出稳定的选择性,如在6000小时处的测量值所示。
Claims (7)
1.用于再生催化剂的方法,所述催化剂包含选自碱金属和/或碱土金属、铝氧化物和硅氧化物的混合氧化物,
其特征在于,
所述再生包括下列特征:
i)原位处理该催化剂,
ii)让该催化剂与水接触,
iii)在100-400℃的温度范围处理该催化剂,
iv)0.1-2MPa的压力范围处理该催化剂,
v)在0.1-24小时的时间内处理该催化剂,
vi)用0.1-100小时-1的催化剂时空速处理该催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于,
所述温度范围为150-380℃。
3.根据权利要求1和2的方法,
其特征在于,
所述温度范围为200-350℃。
4.根据权利要求1-3的方法,
其特征在于,
所述压力范围为0.2-1MPa。
5.根据权利要求1-4的方法,
其特征在于,
所述催化剂的处理进行0.1-10小时的时间。
6.根据权利要求1-5的方法,
其特征在于,
所述催化剂的处理进行2-6小时的时间。
7.根据权利要求1-6的方法,
其特征在于,
所述催化剂的处理以0.5-30小时-1的催化剂时空速进行。
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DE102009027405.7 | 2009-07-01 | ||
DE102009027405A DE102009027405A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | Verfahren zur Regeneration eines Katalysators |
PCT/EP2010/058423 WO2011000695A2 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-16 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines katalysators |
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US (1) | US8877667B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2448668A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5586693B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120092094A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102470344A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1010223A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2766180A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102009027405A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2011013905A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG177428A1 (zh) |
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DE102005062699A1 (de) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-09-06 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Feinreinigung von 1-Buten-haltigen Strömen |
DE102009027730A1 (de) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-27 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verahren und Verwendung von aminofunktionellen Harzen zur Dismutierung von Halogensilanen und zur Entfernung von Fremdmetallen |
DE102010042774A1 (de) | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von MTBE-haltigen Gemischen sowie zur Herstellung von Isobuten durch Spaltung von MTBE-haltigen Gemischen |
DE102011005608A1 (de) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Mischoxidzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isoolefinen |
DE102012215956A1 (de) | 2012-09-10 | 2014-03-13 | Evonik Industries Ag | Methanolbehandlung von Alumosilicat-haltigen ATAE-Spaltkatalysatoren |
US9314785B1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2016-04-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ketonization process using oxidative catalyst regeneration |
JP6228246B2 (ja) | 2015-03-03 | 2017-11-08 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーEvonik Degussa GmbH | エテンのオリゴマー化に使用される不均一系触媒の再生 |
GB201616119D0 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2016-11-09 | Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Limited | Process |
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2010
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- 2010-06-16 CN CN2010800296142A patent/CN102470344A/zh active Pending
- 2010-06-16 EP EP10726478A patent/EP2448668A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-16 CA CA2766180A patent/CA2766180A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-16 JP JP2012518861A patent/JP5586693B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-16 KR KR1020127002674A patent/KR20120092094A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-16 WO PCT/EP2010/058423 patent/WO2011000695A2/de active Application Filing
- 2010-06-16 US US13/381,676 patent/US8877667B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-16 BR BRPI1010223A patent/BRPI1010223A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-06-16 SG SG2011097292A patent/SG177428A1/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2011013905A (es) | 2012-04-02 |
JP2012531308A (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
WO2011000695A2 (de) | 2011-01-06 |
BRPI1010223A2 (pt) | 2016-03-29 |
CA2766180A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
SG177428A1 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
US20120149549A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
JP5586693B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
WO2011000695A3 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
DE102009027405A1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
KR20120092094A (ko) | 2012-08-20 |
US8877667B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
EP2448668A2 (de) | 2012-05-09 |
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