CN102476129A - Agricultural waste comprehensive conversion utilization co-production method - Google Patents
Agricultural waste comprehensive conversion utilization co-production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102476129A CN102476129A CN2010105742616A CN201010574261A CN102476129A CN 102476129 A CN102476129 A CN 102476129A CN 2010105742616 A CN2010105742616 A CN 2010105742616A CN 201010574261 A CN201010574261 A CN 201010574261A CN 102476129 A CN102476129 A CN 102476129A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization technology of agricultural wastes, in particular to a co-production method for comprehensively converting and utilizing the agricultural wastes, which comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting and processing raw materials; secondly, pyrolysis of raw materials: generating biochar and high-temperature mixed gas; thirdly, converting high-temperature mixed gas: converting the high-temperature mixed gas into wood tar, wood vinegar and fuel gas; fourthly, manufacturing a fertilizer: fifthly, refining fuel oil: converting the wood tar into bio-fuel oil and wood pitch; sixthly, gas purification treatment: purifying the fuel gas into clean fuel gas; seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: gas conversion: the biological gas is respectively sent to a gas generator, a gas supply pipe network and a heating boiler to be converted into heat energy and electric energy. The agricultural wastes are converted and combined in a multi-stage mode to obtain straw charcoal, gas, heat energy, electric energy, fertilizer, fuel oil and the like. The utilization rate of agricultural wastes reaches 100 percent, and the problems of pollution caused by the disordered stacking, burning and long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of the agricultural wastes and the problems of energy consumption, fertilizer consumption and oil consumption in rural areas are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural wastes comprehensive utilization technique, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of particularly a kind of agricultural wastes.
Background technology
China is just stepping into modernized society.China's population accounts for 20% of world's total population, and explored coal resources only account for 11% of world saving, and crude oil only accounts for 2.4%, and natural gas only accounts for 1.2%, and the per capita resources occupancy volume is less than the half the of world average level, and its PetroChina Company Limited. is merely 1/10.From 1993, China became the net importer of the energy.Along with China's rapid economy development: with the raising of people's living standard; " Chinese new forms of energy and regenerative resource white paper " prediction of State Planning Commission's issue in 1999; The energy-output ratio per capita of China will reach about 2.38t the year two thousand fifty; Though only be equivalent to the average level in the present world, energy breach wherein reaches 24% unexpectedly.Based on this, must open up new energy access as early as possible in order to keep Chinese national economy and social sustainable development.New energy access has been opened up in the development of co-production system.
On the other hand, as developing large agricultural country, about 6.5 hundred million to 700,000,000 tons of the annual agricultural wastes such as all kinds of stalks that produce; Wherein about 30% goes back the field, and 20% to 30% as life in the countryside fuel, and 10% to 15% as raw materials of industry such as feed or papermaking; Remaining is at harvesting on-site incineration in season; Produce a large amount of dense smokes and dust, atmosphere pollution becomes an insoluble environmental protection difficult problem.The stalk taboo is burnt and stalk resource comprehensive utilization file though each place government of China man all puts into effect, because the straw refuse enormous amount, the effective technological approaches that utilizes of scale is less at present, and waste and burning problem are still serious.In fact; These stalks are the same with other biological matter, are through photosynthesis, are fixed in tellurian organic matter to solar energy; Its chemical composition is similar with fossil class A fuel As such as coal, oil, natural gases; Press contained energy and calculate, 2 tons of stalks are equivalent to 1 ton of mark coal, and this has determined them to possess the potential quality of recovery energy.Because the stalk energy density is low, kind is complicated, be applicable to that the conventional energy resource technological approaches of coal and oil and method are difficult to be used for stalk easily and efficiently.Utilize the energy in the stalk how efficiently, at low cost, be the bottleneck problem that realizes the agricultural wastes energy and the utilization of resources always.
Inorganic fertilizer, the agricultural chemicals chronic administration.Intensification is watched and is supported fowl and animal excrement and huddle and leave about at air, the water source, and the farmland is caused residual in grain and the soil.The severe contamination that causes the life in the countryside environment.Affect the safety of health of human body and grain-production.The fertilizer of using in rural production and the life, combustion gas, fuel oil, heat energy famine.Affect the raising of life in the countryside level and quality.Along with fast development of society, people more and more add attention for ecological environmental protection, constantly seek to use the new energy, control atmosphere pollution, and energy-saving and emission-reduction reduce greenhouse effects.Caused showing great attention to of departments at different levels of government with problems such as agricultural waste utilization.
For addressing these problems, R&D institution of China and universities and colleges have successively developed products such as agricultural wastes moulding, charing, gasification.And carry out promotion and application, make the utilization of agricultural wastes stride forward a step.But exist following technical problem: 1, agricultural wastes directly utilize, and one time the conversion using technology is single, and secondary decomposes the utilization technology and combination utilizes technological imperfection; 2 stalks directly utilize, and utilization is not changed and make up to the byproduct that stalk is once changed again, and abandon causes secondary pollution; 3, technical equipment complex structure can not be produced continuously, is difficult to the industrial sector running, and maintenance cost and operating cost are high; 4, high to the raw material processing requirements, the raw material processing cost is high, deficiency in economic performance; 5, agricultural wastes production dispersion and density are little, and large scale stalk is collected, and transportation stores difficulty.
How solving at present domestic is that the current agricultural wastes utilization of resources and rural area utilization of new energy resources industry are needed the solution bottleneck problem badly in existing the problems referred to above aspect the useless man's cap used in ancient times thing exploitation of agricultural.
Because existing above-mentioned defective of above-mentioned existing agricultural waste utilization and drawback; The design people is based on waste utilization abundant for many years pragmatic experience and the professional knowledge of being engaged in agriculture; And cooperate the utilization of modern biological theory and technology, actively study innovation, in the hope of founding the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes; Process is improved existing general agricultural wastes conversion using technology, generation secondary pollution, device structure complicacy; Can not turn round continuously, the raw material processing requirements is high, the situation that operating cost is high, economic benefit is low.Through constantly analyze, research, test, analyze again, research again, test and through repeatedly improving repeatedly again, find the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes finally, and invention with high practical value
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention; Be to overcome existing general existing defective of agricultural wastes conversion using and drawback; And the co-production of the comprehensive conversion using of a kind of agricultural wastes, technical problem to be solved are provided is that co-production through comprehensive conversion using reaches and reduces cost, increases economic efficiency and do not have the discharging of secondary waste pollution.The comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, the agricultural wastes that relate to comprise: the discarded object of farming page or leaf, animal husbandry, forestry waste and products thereof processing.The industry organic solid castoff also adapts to the method.
Agricultural wastes of the present invention not only comprise agricultural crop straw, also comprise trunk, branch, skin, the root of forestry; Agriculture and forestry product price waste material; Weeds, mushroom bacteria slag, furfural dregs, poor, the vinasse of vinegar, the various animal wastes of pomace, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid etc.Be divided into pyrolysis feed and composting raw material by its purposes.With agricultural crop straw, the trunk of forestry, branch, skin, root, woodenware, wood-working factory's waste material, weeds, mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar are pickled with grains or in wine, the vinasse the like waste is pyrolysis coarse raw materials (abbreviating pyrolysis feed as).The agricultural wastes of various animal wastes, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid, pomace are composting coarse raw materials (abbreviating the composting raw material as).
The technical problem of the object of the invention and solution adopts the comprehensive conversion using co-production of a kind of agricultural wastes to realize.The comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
One, raw material is collected, is handled: utilize the method for letter sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material, pyrolysis feed is carried out segment, pulverizing, drying; The composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, drying; Key step comprises;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas separates: utilize the separation method of cooling, standing demix, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid and inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, proportioning;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is handled: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to respectively biological flue gas.
The technical problem of the object of the invention and solution can also adopt following technical measures further to realize.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said pyrolysis feed of step 1 is handled and is comprised:
1-1 utilizes disintegrating machine that trunk, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, the diameter of forestry are carried out fragmentation greater than five centimetres of branches;
1-2 utilizes hay cutter that branch, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, the weeds of agricultural crop straw, forestry are carried out segment, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres.
1-3 is poor with mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar with drying machine or threshing ground, vinasse carry out dried, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said composting raw material processing of step 1 is to utilize centrifuge that various animals, fowl and animal excrement, natural pond slag, pomace are carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, separates into solid and liquid; With solid oven dry or dry, make water content less than 20 percent; The solid that to dry or dry again is ground into powder; Liquid send fermenting tank for fermentation, filters liquor charging attitude pond, back, as the composting raw material.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said pyrolysis feed pyrolysis of step 2 is to send charcoal gas one conversion stove to convert high temperature charcoal and high temperature mixing gas to conveyer belt or conveying worm pyrolysis feed.The high temperature charcoal is delivered to the charcoal pond by going out the charcoal unit mahine automatically after cooling off.High temperature mixing gas is transported to filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven through pipeline; High temperature mixing gas also is transported to ternary isolation of purified equipment clean through pipeline
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said mixing gas of step 3 isolation of purified comprises:
3-1 removes powdered carbon grain wherein to such an extent that vapour-liquid is mixed gas by the high temperature mixing gas that charing one conversion stove or filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven are sent here respectively through biofilter or cyclone separator;
3-2, vapour-liquid mixing gas separate into wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixing material and biological flue gas and send purifying gas system and oleic acid separator respectively after the cooler cooling;
The mixing material of 3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid separates into wood tar and pyroligneous acid through the oleic acid separator.Wood tar send tar-processing system or fuel oil smelting equipment respectively;
The 3-4 pyroligneous acid leaves standstill device or the distillation equipment for purifying is purified and sent composting equipment through acetic acid.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said fertilizer of step 4 is made and is comprised:
4-1 pyroligneous acid and composting raw material (powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer) are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, proportioning; Conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine mixing stirring by proportioning, send the secondary mixing and blending machine with compound after mixing;
The 4-2 charcoal send pulverizer to be ground into powder through feed screw and send the secondary mixing and blending machine in proportion;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine carries out secondary with one-level compound and powdered carbon and mixes;
4-4 mixes sending three grades of mixing and blending machines to carry out three grades in a certain proportion of adhesive adding secondary compound;
Three grades of compounds of 4-5 send the machine-processed particle of granulating;
The 4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing and metering pack.
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said fuel oil refining of step 5 comprises:
5-1 is conveyed into the heating of air-distillation still with wood tar, resolves into fuel oil vapour and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensing plant to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil and nondecomposable combustion gas, and nondecomposable combustion gas is transported to the heating of distillation still combustion chambers burn through pipeline;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank to concoct, and are mixed into commodity biogasoline or biodiesel.
6-2 purifies the back combustion gas and carries out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
The comprehensive conversion using co-production of aforesaid agricultural wastes, wherein the said combustion gas separating treatment of step 6 comprises:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 carries out alkali cleaning or other method and purifies through the alkali cleaning pond;
6-2 purifies the back combustion gas and carries out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
6-3 separates after-burning pneumatic transmission filtering collector and converts clean biological flue gas to;
The clean biological flue gas of 6-4 send gas storage holder to store through pipeline; The combustion gas of gas storage holder is given the user or to combustion gas motor generating air feed or heating boiler burning heating through pipe network.
The present invention compared with prior art has tangible advantage and beneficial effect.By technique scheme, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention can reach suitable technological progress property and practicality, and has the extensive value on the industry, and it has advantage at least:
1, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes directly utilizes product and an analyte not to have the product of utilization to carry out secondary conversion, combination utilization agricultural wastes, solves the secondary pollution problem.
2, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention does not carry out combination accessory fully to prior art, forms practical, economic integrated system, in conjunction with the rural area characteristics develop with suiting measures to local conditions, the plant equipment of easy suitable, easy to operate, system support.Exploitation minisystem equipment.Solve the difficult problem of straw collecting.Realize miniaturization and simplification, easy to operate, know at a glance, easy to learn, once " fool's technology " equipment of use successfully, become technology and adapt to existing rural area version, selection of conveniently vast rural area and popularization.
3, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention need be done preliminary treatment hardly to agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as the stalks of crops, faggot, rice husks and carry out pyrolysis, obtains stalk charcoal, combustion gas, tar, pyroligneous acid, heat energy.Through stalk charcoal, combustion gas, pyroligneous acid, tar are made up utilization again, process fertilizer, combustion gas and fuel oil, heat energy.Make the agricultural waste utilization rate reach 100%.
4, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention, device therefor is simple, continuously-running; Maintenance cost is low, and manufacturing cost reduces relatively, thereby can significantly reduce operating cost; Increase economic efficiency; On practicality of using and cost benefit, it is required to meet rural economic development really fully, quite has the industry development value.
5, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention has been opened up the new energy access in rural area, solves in agricultural and forestry production and the life with fertilizer, combustion gas fuel oil, the problem of agricultural chemicals, heat energy famine.Alleviated the immense pressure of using conventional traditional energy environmental pollution.
6, solved crop straw burning; The livestock and poultry manure huddles and leaves about; The bottleneck problem of the agriculture grain of residual and seriously polluted influence that the chronic administration chemical fertilizer causes to air, water source, soil, vegetables, melon and fruit safety in production and health of human body safety has been improved life in the countryside and ecological environment, has improved life of farmers level and quality; Realized the purpose of agricultural wastes " it is clean to turn waste into wealth, eat dried press for extracting juice " has been promoted the new countryside construction development.Huge agricultural wastes comprehensive utilization of resources industry be can form, huge economic benefit, social benefit, political benefit, environmental benefit produced.
In sum; The comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention has above-mentioned plurality of advantages and practical value, and is significantly progressive technically, and produced handy and practical effect; And has the existing incomparable effect of other agricultural wastes conversion using method and apparatus tool; Solve the bottleneck problem of agricultural wastes comprehensive utilizations of resources, met China's environmental protection, low carbon emission reduction more, the needs of low-carbon economy development.
Above-mentioned explanation only is the general introduction of technical scheme of the present invention; Understand technological means of the present invention in order more to know; And can implement according to the content of specification, and for let of the present invention above-mentioned with other purposes, feature and advantage can be more obviously understandable, below spy's act preferred embodiment; And conjunction with figs., specify as follows.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the comprehensive conversion using co-production of an invention agricultural wastes flow chart.
Fig. 2 is the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention device systems figure.
The specific embodiment
Reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked for further setting forth the present invention; Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment; To the specific embodiment, structure, characteristic and the effect thereof of the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes that proposes according to the present invention, specify as after.
See also Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the comprehensive conversion using co-production of the agricultural wastes of preferred embodiment of the present invention, it mainly may further comprise the steps:
One, raw material is collected, is handled: utilize the method for letter sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material.Pyrolysis feed is carried out segment, pulverizing, drying; The composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, drying; Key step comprises;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas separates: utilize the separation method of cooling, standing demix, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid and inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, proportioning;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is handled: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to respectively biological flue gas.
It is in raw material processing system 1, to carry out that the said pyrolysis feed of step 1 is handled, comprising:
1-1 carries out fragmentation greater than five centimetres of bulk forests such as branch with disintegrating machine 11 with trunk, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, the diameter of forestry;
1-2 carries out segment with branch, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, the weeds of agricultural crop straw, forestry with hay cutter 12, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres.
1-3 is poor with mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar, vinasse carry out dried with drying machine 13 and become each item size less than 3 centimetres, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
Above-mentioned raw materials also need carry out drying usually after cutting off pulverizing, produce steam to reduce pyrolytic process.Raw material is in pyrolytic process, and 150 ℃ of major parts of discharging in the past are steam, and this process is exactly the dry run of pyrolysis, the material that water content is more, and this process is just long more, and the energy of consumption is just many more.Because had only the moisture content evaporate to dryness and could begin pyrolysis.In actual production, this part water vapour gets in the follow-up equipment with mixing gas, finally is condensed in the pyrolkigneous liquid, reduces pyrolkigneous liquid concentration in addition, increases the recovery load of pyrolkigneous liquid.Therefore the raw material of pyrolysis must reduce moisture content, reduces the recovery load of pyrolkigneous liquid, carries out drying and makes the raw material water content less than 20%.
It is to utilize centrifuge 14 to carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid various animal wastes, natural pond slag, pomace that the said composting raw material of step 1 is handled, and separates into solid-state and liquid; Solid-state putting down in dryer 15 dried, make water content less than 20%; Solid with oven dry is ground into 90～120 purpose powder powder feeding ponds again; Liquid send fermentation vat 16 fermentations, filters liquor charging attitude pond, back.
The said pyrolysis feed pyrolysis of step 2 is in pyrolysis installation 2, to carry out; Specifically be pyrolysis feed to be sent to conveyer belt or conveying worm 21 have the charcoal gas one pyrolysis oven 23 that water-cooled goes out charcoal 22 continuously and carry out pyrolysis; Pyrolysis temperature 600 to 800 degree in the stove; After cooling, the output temperature of charcoal is the high temperature mixing gas of 480～520 degree less than 50 degree and temperature; Charcoal is put charcoal pond 24 into; The high temperature mixed steam is piped to filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven; Filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven is lowered the temperature high temperature mixing gas and filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven pyrolysis feed is carried out pyrolysis to convert the delivery outlet temperature to be 300 high temperature mixing gases about spending less than charcoal and the temperature of 50 degree, and charcoal is put the charcoal pond into.High temperature mixed steam body and function pipeline 24 is transported to isolation of purified system 3.
The drying stage temperature is before 150 ℃, and the moisture content in the raw material is by evaporate to dryness, and mist mainly is a water vapour.Along with the rising of temperature, got into the preparatory charing stage of destructive distillation pyrolysis, temperature is 150 ℃～275 ℃, and labile elements such as the hemicellulose in the raw material begin to decompose, and mist mainly is CO
2, CO and a spot of acetic acid, at this moment the fuel gases calorific value of output is very low.More than two stages all be the endothermic reaction, all need constantly dilute outside heat.
When temperature in the raw material surpasses 275 ℃, begin to accelerate to decompose, along with temperature improves, decomposition rate is accelerated, and generates a large amount of analytes, like CO, CH
4,, ethane, ethene, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, wood tar etc. owing to contain oxygen element in the living beings, it is exothermic reaction that this phase table reveals, this stage just can go on without the outside heat pyrolysis.275 ℃ to 600 ℃ of this phase temperature are called the pyrolysis charring stage.The destructive distillation pyrolysis primary product of living beings all forms in this stage.Particularly pyrolkigneous liquid, wood tar almost form in this stage all.The product that obtains has charcoal, combustion gas, wood tar, pyrolkigneous liquid, and wherein the output of charcoal is the highest, and combustion gas output is very low, because also have some volatile matters not to be decomposed out in the product charcoal, this moment, performance was: the calorific value of combustion gas is not high, generally at 3000 kilocalories/m
3About.Be to be master's process, just stop to heat that obtain the effect of voluminous charcoal, raw material per ton can produce charcoal 330～400kg in this stage to produce charcoal.Pyrolytic process continues promptly to get into the pyrolytic gasification stage, the pyrolytic gasification phase temperature be 600 ℃ to pyrolytic gasification more than 1000 ℃.The rising of stage along with temperature no longer produces pyrolkigneous liquid and tar, and just produces combustion gas, wherein mainly is CO, CH
4And H
2, the calorific value of combustion gas is improved greatly.For example 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃ with pyrolytic gasification, no volatile matter is decomposed out in the charcoal, therefore the long strand of wood tar is interrupted the formation hydrocarbon gas, under the pyrolytical condition of 800 ℃-1000 ℃ of temperature, does not produce pyrolkigneous liquid and tar.Therefore adopting the pyrolytic carbon gasification temperature in the present invention is below 800 ℃, obtains the three states of matters basic impartial charcoal, gas, oil, acid.
The said high temperature mixing of step 3 gas isolation of purified is in ternary separating purifying device 3, to carry out, comprising:
3-1 removes powdered carbon grain wherein to such an extent that vapour-liquid is mixed gas by the high temperature mixing gas that pyrolysis oven is sent here through filter 31;
3-2, vapour-liquid are mixed gas through cooler 32 coolings, isolate wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixed liquor, and gas burning system is sent in air mixture;
3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixed liquor separate into wood tar, pyroligneous acid through oleic acid separator 33.Wood tar send tar-processing system;
The 3-4 pyroligneous acid leaves standstill device through acetic acid purifies and send the composting system.
The said fertilizer of step 4 is produced in the fertilizer system of processing 4 and carries out, and comprising:
The 4-1 pyroligneous acid is made the fertilizer of variety classes, function with composting raw material (powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer) by different combinations, different proportioning; Conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine 41 to mix stirring by proportioning, send secondary mixing and blending machine 42 with compound after mixing;
The 4-2 powdered carbon send pulverizer 43 to be ground into less than 100 purpose powders through feed screw and send secondary mixing and blending machine 42 in proportion;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine 42 carries out secondary with one-level compound and powdered carbon and mixes, and send three grades of mixing and blending machines 44 after the mixing;
4-4 mixes sending three grades of mixing and blending machines 44 to carry out three grades in a certain proportion of adhesive adding secondary compound again;
Three grades of compounds of 4-5 send granulator 45 system particles;
The 4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing and metering pack.
The said fuel oil refining of step 5 is carried out in fuel oil refining plant 5, comprising:
5-1 is conveyed into 51 heating of air-distillation still with wood tar wood tar is resolved into fuel oil vapour and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensation (tower) equipment 52 to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil and nondecomposable combustion gas, and nondecomposable combustion gas is transported to the heating of distillation still combustion chambers burn through pipeline;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank 53 to concoct, and are mixed into commodity biological gasoline, diesel oil.
The said combustion gas separating treatment of step 6 is carried out in combustion gas treating apparatus 6, comprising:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 61 carries out alkali cleaning or other method and purifies through the alkali cleaning pond;
Combustion gas is carried out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator 62 after the 6-2 alkali cleaning, and liquid is sent the alkali cleaning pond back to; Regularly replenish alkali, keep the circulation alkali liquor pH value greater than 8 to circulation alkali liquor.
6-3 separates the artifact combustion gas and send filtering collector 63 to convert clean biological flue gas to;
The clean biological flue gas of 6-4 send gas storage holder and supplies generator for electricity generation through pipeline.Gas storage holder is given user or fuel gas generation equipment generating air feed through gas ductwork.
Said generating equipment 7 comprises gas fired-boiler 71, steam turbine generator 72, power transformation and power distribution equipment.
The finished product of the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes of the present invention; Charcoal vinegar fertilizer, fuel oil, combustion gas, electric energy, pitch supply agricultural production and life or oneself to use.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction; Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; Yet be not in order to limiting the present invention, anyly be familiar with the professional and technical personnel, in not breaking away from the present invention technology side scope; When the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement capable of using is made a little change or is modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations; In every case be the content that does not break away from technical scheme of the present invention, to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
One, raw material is collected, is handled: utilize the method for letter sorting that raw material is divided into pyrolysis feed, composting raw material, pyrolysis feed is carried out segment, pulverizing, drying; The composting raw material carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid, drying;
Two, pyrolysis feed: utilize the one pyrolysis of charcoal gas or produce charcoal and high temperature mixing gas from the method for pyrolysis;
Three, high temperature mixing gas separates: utilize the method for cooling, standing demix, cyclonic separation that high temperature mixing gas is separated into wood tar, pyroligneous acid and combustion gas;
Four, the making of fertilizer: biological powdered carbon, pyroligneous acid and inorganic fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, fertilizer are made the fertilizer of variety classes, function by different combinations, proportioning;
Five, wood tar refining: utilize the method for distillation that wood tar is changed into biological gasoline, diesel oil and wood pitch;
Six, gas-purification is handled: utilize the method for filtering, adsorb, washing to convert combustion gas to clean fuel gas;
Seven: combustion gas conversion: send gas electricity generator, gas transmission pipeline net work, heating boiler to convert electric energy, heat energy to respectively biological flue gas.
2. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said pyrolysis feed processing of step 1 comprises:
1-1 utilizes disintegrating machine that trunk, trunk, tree root, waste and old wood, the diameter of forestry are carried out fragmentation greater than five centimetres branch;
1-2 utilizes hay cutter that branch, skin, woodenware, wood-working factory's leftover pieces, the weeds of agricultural crop straw, forestry are carried out segment, and every segment length is 2～10 centimetres.
1-3 is poor with mushroom residue, furfural dregs, vinegar with drying machine or threshing ground, vinasse carry out dried, and water content is less than 20 percent, pure pyrolysis feed.
3. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is to utilize centrifuge that various animals, fowl and animal excrement, natural pond slag, pomace are carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid that the said composting raw material of step 1 is handled, and separates into solid and liquid; With solid oven dry or dry, make water content less than 20 percent; The solid that to dry or dry again is ground into powder; Liquid send fermenting tank for fermentation, filters liquor charging attitude pond, back, as the composting raw material.
4. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said pyrolysis feed pyrolysis of step 2 is to send charcoal gas one conversion stove to convert high temperature charcoal and high temperature mixing gas to conveyer belt or conveying worm pyrolysis feed; Charcoal is delivered to the charcoal pond by going out the charcoal unit mahine automatically after cooling off; High temperature mixing gas is transported to filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven through pipeline; High temperature mixing gas also is transported to ternary isolation of purified equipment clean through pipeline.
5. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said mixing gas of step 3 isolation of purified comprises:
High temperature the mixings gas that 3-1 is sent here respectively by charing one conversion stove or filter carbon gas destructive distillation pyrolysis oven through biofilter or cyclone separator general powdered carbon grain wherein remove gas liquid mixture;
3-2, gas liquid mixture separate into wood tar, pyroligneous acid mixing material and biological flue gas and send purifying gas system and oleic acid separator respectively after the cooler cooling;
The mixing material of 3-3 wood tar, pyroligneous acid separates into wood tar and pyroligneous acid through the oleic acid separator.Wood tar send tar-processing system or fuel oil smelting equipment;
The 3-4 pyroligneous acid leaves standstill device or the distillation equipment for purifying is purified and sent composting equipment through acetic acid.
6. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said fertilizer making of step 4 comprises:
4-1 pyroligneous acid, powdered carbon and composting raw material are by different combinations, and different proportionings is made the fertilizer of variety classes, function, and conveying equipment send one-level mixing and blending machine mixing stirring by proportioning, send the secondary mixing and blending machine with compound after mixing;
The 4-2 charcoal send pulverizer to be ground into powder through feed screw and send the secondary mixing and blending machine in proportion;
4-3 secondary mixing and blending machine carries out secondary with one-level compound and powdered carbon and mixes;
4-4 mixes sending three grades of mixing and blending machines to carry out three grades in a certain proportion of adhesive adding secondary compound;
Three grades of compounds of 4-5 send the machine-processed particle of granulating;
The 4-6 particle send dryer or threshing ground to carry out particle oven dry or airing and metering pack.
7. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said fuel oil refining of step 5 comprises:
5-1 is conveyed into the heating of air-distillation still with wood tar, resolves into fuel oil gas and wood pitch;
5-2 fuel oil vapour send condensing plant to be cooled to bio-fuel-oil;
5-3 bio-fuel-oil and a certain proportion of fuel oil additive send blending tank to concoct, and are mixed into commodity biogasoline or biodiesel.
8. the comprehensive conversion using co-production of agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said combustion gas separating treatment of step 6 comprises:
The isolated biological flue gas of 6-1 step 3 purifies through carrying out alkali cleaning or other method;
6-2 purifies the back combustion gas and carries out gas-liquid separation through gas-liquid separator;
6-3 separates after-burning pneumatic transmission filtering collector and converts clean biological flue gas to;
The clean biological flue gas of 6-4 send gas storage holder to store through pipeline; The combustion gas of gas storage holder is given the user or to combustion gas motor generating air feed or heating boiler burning heating through pipe network.
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