CN102449369B - 低渗透的挠性燃料软管 - Google Patents
低渗透的挠性燃料软管 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102449369B CN102449369B CN201080023748.3A CN201080023748A CN102449369B CN 102449369 B CN102449369 B CN 102449369B CN 201080023748 A CN201080023748 A CN 201080023748A CN 102449369 B CN102449369 B CN 102449369B
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Abstract
本发明涉及挠性软管或管材,它具有支链分子结构的聚酰胺6和冲击改性剂的阻隔层,和/或1-2GPa的挠曲模量和100%或更高的拉伸伸长率。这种软管可具有另外的诸层,例如内管、外面、织物或金属丝增强,等待对含乙醇-和甲醇-燃料的渗透性很低。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及一种具有对燃料低渗透性的挠性燃料软管,以及更特别地涉及一种具有特殊类型聚酰胺6的阻隔层的软管。
背景技术
含醇(包括乙醇)汽车燃料使用的增长以及燃料体系组分的严格的排放标准,使得有必要改善常规的挠性软管结构。常规的燃料软管结构使用经济的、耐燃料的橡胶材料,例如腈橡胶(NBR),腈-聚氯乙烯混合物(NBR-PVC),表氯醇(ECO)等。目前用于含醇燃料的改善软管通常使用一种或多种氟弹性体和/或氟塑料,例如普遍使用的有FKM,PVDF,ETFE,FEP,EFEP,PCTFE,THV,PTFE等(下文通常称为氟聚合物),提供一层对醇和燃料渗透的阻隔层。用于燃料软管阻隔层的典型的优选材料为氟聚合物膜,例如THV(四氟乙烯,六氟丙烯,和偏二氟乙烯的三聚物),US专利No.5679425中公开了其例子。
虽然氟聚合物阻隔层软管在燃料软管市场中占主流地位,仍然有许多其它材料也具有用作阻隔层的潜力。US专利No.,其涉及通过将平坦的树脂膜滚成覆盖的圆柱层来制备具有中间热塑性层的橡胶软管的方法,它公开了广泛的潜在橡胶材料和热塑性树脂材料的列表。虽然在列表中NBR作为橡胶材料和聚酰胺6(“PA6”)作为潜在树脂膜被提及,但是US专利No.6945279没有提供对于任何特殊用途如何选择材料的特别指引,并且其中没有公开实施例。典型的燃料软管还包括多层阻隔结构,其将氟聚合物与其它材料例如聚酰胺结合。聚酰胺经常被认为是用于燃料的热塑性多层管的有用材料。
US专利No.6279615提供了在燃料软管中使用尼龙11(即,聚酰胺11)热塑料膜的一个例子,其中聚酰胺(“PA”)是对比例的橡胶软管内表面上的最内层。不过,US专利No.6279615描述的软管得到的渗透率不是很低,不能满足目前SAE(汽车工程师协会)标准。US专利No.2564602公开了一种具有挠性的、树脂的、热塑性材料(包括尼龙)的中间层的橡胶软管。US专利公开No.2007/194481A1公开了一种具有具有内管和橡胶的外覆盖层和任意热塑性树脂的中间阻隔树脂层的橡胶软管,其中热塑性树脂包括PA6,但优选氟聚合物用于燃料软管应用,其中树脂层是等离子处理过的。US专利No.7478653公开了一种具有氟聚合物或聚酰胺(包括PA6)阻隔层的4层橡胶燃料软管。
US专利No.6855787公开了基于聚酰胺树脂(例如PA6)的热塑性燃料传送管,其包含氟聚合物阻隔层。US专利No.6491994公开了一种基于PA11或PA12,PA6和PA6树脂层的热塑性燃料传送管,其中分散了层状硅酸盐。US专利No.7011114公开了一种基于聚酰胺树脂的热塑性燃料传送管,其包含硫化聚苯(“PPS”)的阻隔层。
US专利No.5038833中公开了使用多层阻隔层的实施例,其中主要应用是刚性塑料管。US专利No.6941975提供了在致冷剂软管中使用热塑性阻隔层的实施例,其中阻隔层需要两或三层,包括乙烯基树脂层,例如乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(“EVOH”),和聚烯烃和/或聚酰胺树脂的外层。各个树脂层的厚度为0.025至0.25mm。US专利No.6941975中提供的唯一实施例使用总厚度为0.15mm的3层阻隔层,R134致冷剂的渗透率为3.94×10-5g/cm/天,基于1cm长的软管,未公开其直径。US专利No.7504151公开了一种致冷剂软管,其具有PA6/66共聚物,PA11,PA12,PA6,或PA6/12与纳米填料混合的阻隔层。US专利No.7478654公开了一种具有2层阻隔层的致冷剂软管,其中一层为热塑性树脂,例如PA6或许多其它选择之一。
2007年11月9日提交的共同未决的US专利申请系列号No.11/938139给出了参考,其全部内容作为参考并入本文。该申请公开了一种挠性燃料软管,具有非氟橡胶内管,非氟橡胶外层,基本由乙烯含量低于30摩尔%的EVOH构成的阻隔层,和优选地阻隔层和外层之间的织物增强层。在阻隔层和增强层之间可以包括非氟橡胶粘结层。其对于含乙醇和甲醇的燃料的渗透率非常低。EVOH层可以挤出到未硫化的橡胶内管上,然后在其上面挤出未硫化的橡胶外层。但是,在硫化之前或硫化过程中处理得到的生软管时,EVOH的硬度会导致扭结,脱层以及其它加工问题。该硬度的结果是,EVOH基软管不符合SAEJ30R14扭结测试。
发明概述
本发明涉及提供适合例如用于含醇燃料的低渗透燃料软管的系统和方法,该软管是非常柔韧的并且容易制造,不会发生扭结或脱层。本发明进一步提供一种无需氟化材料的经济的燃料软管。特别地本发明提供渗透性非常低的基于非氟弹性体的橡胶燃料软管,其具有中间的PA6阻隔层,任选用织物或金属丝增强。本发明的实施方案为具有非直链或支链分子结构的PA6阻隔层的低渗透燃料软管,并含有抗冲改性剂,没有额外的热塑性或氟化聚合物阻隔层。或者,PA6阻隔层的弯曲模量可以约为2GPa或更低,伸长率为约100%或更高。PA6阻隔层可以是C 548B,其由Rhodia Engineering Plastics在该商标名下出售。
本发明的实施方案涉及一种燃料软管,其包括橡胶内管,包括具有支化分子结构的PA6和抗冲改性剂的中间阻隔层,和橡胶外层。阻隔层可以基本由PA6层构成或可以完全由PA6层构成。阻隔层的厚度可以为0.025-0.76mm(1至30密尔),优选0.025-0.38mm(1至15密尔),或0.07-0.18mm(3至7密尔),或至多10密尔厚。内管和外层可包括丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(NBR),氢化丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(HNBR),表氯醇橡胶(ECO),氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM),氯丁橡胶(CR),氯化聚乙烯(CPE),乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVM),或腈-聚氯乙烯(NBR-PVC)混合弹性体,热塑性弹性体(TPE)等。内管和粘结层可包括相同的橡胶组合物。优选地,内管,粘结层,外层和阻隔层都不需要包括氟聚合物。织物或金属丝增强层可以直接施加在PA6阻隔层或先于增强层施加于阻隔层上的摩擦或粘结层上。粘合体系,例如间苯二酚,甲醛给体,和二氧化硅(RFS)体系,可以用于摩擦层和/或内管层以促进与PA6的粘合。PA6阻隔层可以大大减少增强层的需求,这是由于破裂强度增加。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的软管可包括二层或多层,或二至五层,包括本文所述的PA6薄层在内。PA6层优选厚度至多0.010英寸(0.25mm)。PA6可优选具有足够的厚度,或有效的厚度,以降低特定的或预定的燃料或燃料组分的渗透率至低于或等于15克/每平方米/每天。预定的燃料组分可以是甲醇或乙醇。其它层可以是或包括增强材料(例如织物或金属丝),不同的热塑性材料(包括例如TPE),热固性材料(例如橡胶或交联的热塑料)。
本发明还涉及软管组件或燃料系统,其使用上述燃料软管和至少一种配件,例如夹具,耦合件,连接器,螺纹接头,管等,和/或燃料或流体操作部件,例如槽,泵,罐,轨道,喷射器。
上述已经列出了本发明的非常宽泛的特征和技术优点,下面将详细说明本发明以使其更容易理解。本发明的其它特征和优点将在后文说明,其形成本发明权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应理解很容易以公开的概念和特定实施方案作为基础改性或设计其它结构,实施本发明相同的目的。而且本领域技术人员也应意识到该等价结构没有背离所附权利要求书所列的本发明的精神和范围。当下列说明与附图结合考虑时,被认为是本发明特征的新特征,包括其构造和操作方法,以及进一步的目标和优点将更容易理解。但是,很明显,提供的每张附图仅用于阐述和说明的目的,并不用于定义本发明的界限。
附图简要说明
附图,位于说明书中并且构成说明书一部分,其中相同的数字标记表示相同的部件,其用于阐述本发明的实施方案并且和说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1是根据本发明构造的软管的实施方案的局部透视图;
图2是根据本发明构造的软管系统的实施方案的示意图;和
图3是根据本发明构造的软管的另一个实施方案的局部透视图。
详细说明
参考图1,阐述了根据本发明一个实施方案构造的软管。软管11包括内管12,聚酰胺6(PA6)的中间热塑性阻隔层14,和外层16。任选地,软管11可包括位于软管内某处的增强层18。作为另一种选择,软管11可包括一个或多个粘结层和/或位于各层之间的粘合涂层。图1显示增强层18施加于粘结层20之上。中间层14可置于某一橡胶层之内,因而有效地将该橡胶层分离成两个分开的层。
中间阻隔层14包括优选具有支化分子结构(即非直链聚合结构)的PA6。中间层的厚度可以为0.025-0.76mm(1至30密尔),优选0.025-0.38mm(1至15密尔),或0.05-0.25mm(2至10密尔)。PA6被认为是良好的气体渗透阻隔层,因为它是半结晶或高度结晶的聚合物以及酰胺基的高内聚能。通常,结晶度越高,渗透性越低。但是,高结晶使得PA6是易碎的刚性聚合物,其低温挠性很差。PA6中支化度越高,结晶度越低并且挠性越高。抗冲改性剂的存在也增强挠性。因此,之前的申请使用刚性PA6等级作为刚性结构材料和/或使用薄得常规PA6层与其它阻隔材料例如氟聚合物,聚烯烃,EVOH等的额外的层结合。但是,根据本发明的实施方案,通过使用包括或者甚至基本上由PA6(优选具有支化结构的PA6)和抗冲改性剂构成的或弯曲模量约2GPa或更低和伸长率约100%或更高的单一阻隔层,可以构造对于各种燃料例如indolene,汽油,生物柴油,柴油,醇,和含醇燃料具有出乎意料的低渗透性的挠性燃料软管。
PA6也称作聚己内酰胺和尼龙6。本文,术语PA6,或“包括PA6”也包括PA6和其它聚合物的聚合物混合物。例如,不限定地,本文的PA6包括PA6与一种或多种PA11,PA12,PA66,PA610,PA612,PA46等的混合物。此外,混合物可以包括抗冲改性剂或其它添加剂例如本文描述的那些。或者,本文的PA6可以基本为PA6,除了抗冲改性剂没有其它任何混合的聚合物。
关于前述酰胺基团的内聚能,PA6显示出对于水分的结合敏感性,导致在高湿度环境中渗透性增加。该潮湿黄精可能在软管的制造和使用过程中的几乎任何时期都会存在,从制造软管的蒸汽硫化环境到湿润或潮湿气候中汽车里使用的地方。根据本发明的实施方案,使用适合的非氟橡胶内管和外层有效地保护PA6阻隔层远离水分。适合的橡胶组合物可基于NBR,HNBR,CSM,CR,ECO,EVM,CPE,NBR-PVC,乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯弹性体(EAM),丙烯酸或丙烯酸酯弹性体(ACM),或TPE等。用于含醇燃料内管的优选橡胶组合物基于NBR,NBR-PVC,ECO,和/或HNBR。应理解即使如此,仍可以采取手段防止不利地暴露于蒸汽或水分,例如在硫化过程中密封软管的末端等。
用于阻隔层的适合等级的PA6包括具有支化分子结构和抗冲改性剂的那些。支化分子结构被认为能改善耐渗透性,通过生成或强制形成更曲折的扩散物质的分子路线。抗冲改性剂的存在被认为能提供加工PA6所需的挠性和消除扭结问题,因而也可以增强耐渗透性。优选地,用于本发明实践的适合的PA6具有较高的粘度和较低的熔融流动速率。适合的PA6可优选为吹塑等级或可以是挤出等级。适合的PA6的熔点温度为200-240℃或约220℃或约222℃,当内管和外层橡胶组合物为典型地挤出,硫化或固化时其在该温度之上也是可以的。适合的PA6应具有较低的弯曲模量,例如,弯曲模量可以是低于约2GPa,或约1至约2GPa,根据ISO 178的测试方法测试。适合的PA6还应具有较高的断裂时拉伸应变或“伸长率”。例如,伸长率可以为约100%或更高,根据ISO 527的测试方法测试。
优选等级的PA6是C 548B,其由Rhodia EngineeringPlastics在该商标名下出售。其它适合的等级包括C 536XT和C 442,来自Rhodia。作为非限制性的例子,其它适合的等级包括:8259,由BASF在该商标名下出售;和AegisTMPL220HS,由Honeywell在该商标名下出售;和Renol 6253,由Clariant在该商标名下出售。表1列出一种或多种适合等级的PA6的部分性质。
表1
*其中列出了两个值,第一个值用于“d.a.m.”,即按照模塑化合物干燥,第二个值用于根据ISO 1110调节的材料。
有用等级的PA6可具有一种或多种抗冲改性剂。用于聚酰胺的抗冲改性剂包括天然和合成聚合物物质,其在室温下是弹性体或橡胶态,并且其弹性拉伸模量可以低于500MPa,根据ASTM D882测量。抗冲改性剂可以是,例如,(乙烯和/或丙烯)/α-烯烃共聚物;(乙烯和/或丙烯)/(α,β-不饱和羧酸和/或不饱和羧酸酯)共聚物;离聚物;芳香族乙烯基化合物/共轭二烯化合物嵌段共聚物或聚酰胺弹性体。这些物质可以单独或以混合物形式使用。
上述(乙烯和/或丙烯)/α-烯烃共聚物是乙烯和/或丙烯与具有至少3个碳原子的α-烯烃共聚获得的聚合物。具有至少3个碳原子的α-烯烃可以是丙烯,1-丁烯,1-戊烯,1-己烯,1-庚烯,1-辛烯,1-壬烯,1-癸烯,1-十一烯,1-十二烯,1-十三烯,1-十四烯,1-十五烯,1-十六烯,1-十七烯,1-十八烯,1-十九烯,1-二十烯,3-甲基-1-丁烯,4-甲基-1-丁烯,3-甲基-1-庚烯,3-乙基-1-庚烯,1-甲基-1-庚烯,4-甲基-1-己烯,4,4-二甲基-1-己烯,4,4-二甲基-1-庚烯,4-乙基-1-己烯,3-乙基-1-己烯,9-甲基-1-癸烯,11-甲基-1-十二烯或12-乙基-1-十四烯,或其混合物。
此外,非共轭二烯的多烯也可以作为第三单体共聚,例如提供交联点,该多烯的例子是1,4-戊二烯,1,4-己二烯,1,5-己二烯,1,4-辛二烯,1,5-辛二烯,1,6-辛二烯,1,7-辛二烯,2-甲基-1,5-己二烯,6-甲基-1,5-庚二烯,7-甲基-1,6-辛二烯,4--亚乙基-8-甲基-1,7-壬二烯,4,8-二甲基-1,4,8-癸三烯(DMDT),二环戊二烯,环己二烯,二环丁二烯,亚甲基降冰片烯,5-乙烯基降冰片烯,5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯,5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯,5-异亚丙基-2-降冰片烯,6-氯甲基-5-异丙基-2-降冰片烯,2,3-二异亚丙基-5-降冰片烯,2-亚乙基-3-异亚丙基-5-降冰片烯或2-丙基-2,2-降冰片二烯。
上述(乙烯和/或丙烯)/(α,β-不饱和羧酸和/或不饱和羧酸酯)共聚物是乙烯和/或丙烯与α,β-不饱和羧酸和/或不饱和羧酸酯单体共聚获得的聚合物。α,β-不饱和羧酸单体可以是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,α,β-不饱和羧酸酯单体可以是该不饱和羧酸的甲酯,乙酯,丙酯,丁酯,戊酯,己酯,庚酯,辛酯,壬酯或癸酯,或其混合物。
上述离聚物是烯烃与由金属离子中和而离子化的α,β-不饱和羧酸的共聚物,其具有至少部分羧基。作为烯烃,优选使用乙烯;作为α,β-不饱和羧酸,优选使用丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。但是,其并不限于本文列举的那些,并且不饱和羧酸酯单体可以与其共聚。此外,金属离子可以是,例如,Al,Sn,Sb,Ti,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn或Cd,还有碱金属或碱土金属,例如Li,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr或Ba。
此外,芳香族乙烯基化合物/共轭二烯化合物嵌段共聚物是包括芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段和共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段的嵌段共聚物,并且使用具有至少一个芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段和至少一个共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段的嵌段共聚物。此外,在该嵌段共聚物中,共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段中的不饱和键可以被氢化。
芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段是主要由衍生自芳香族化合物的结构单元构成的聚合物嵌段。在该情形中,芳香族乙烯基化合物可以是,例如,苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,邻甲基苯乙烯,间甲基苯乙烯,对甲基苯乙烯,1,3-二甲基苯乙烯,2,4-二甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基萘,乙烯基蒽,4-丙基苯乙烯,4-环己基苯乙烯,4-十二烷基苯乙烯,2-乙基-4-苄基苯乙烯或4-(苯基丁基)苯乙烯。芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段可具有一种或多种上述类型单体构成的结构单元。此外,芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段可具有少量其它不饱和单体构成的结构单元,如果情况需要。
共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段是一种或多种类型的共轭二烯化合物形成的聚合物嵌段,例如1,3-丁二烯,氯丁二烯,异戊二烯,2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯,1,3-戊二烯,4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯和1,6-己二烯。在氢化芳香族乙烯基化合物/共轭二烯嵌段共聚物中,共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段中的部分或全部不饱和键部分被氢化成饱和键。此处,主要由共轭二烯构成的聚合物嵌段中的分布可以是无规的,递减的,部分嵌段的,或其任选的结合。
芳香族乙烯基化合物/共轭二烯化合物嵌段共聚物或其氢化产物的分子结构,可以是直链的,支链的,放射状的,或任选的其结合。其中,在本发明中,作为芳香族乙烯基化合物/共轭二烯化合物嵌段共聚物和/或其氢化产物,优选使用至少一种二嵌段共聚物,其中一个芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段和一个共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段是直链连接的;三嵌段共聚物,其中三个聚合物嵌段以芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段/共轭二烯化合物聚合物嵌段/芳香族乙烯基化合物聚合物嵌段的顺序直链连接;及其氢化产物。特别地,可以提及,例如,非氢化或氢化的苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物,非氢化的或氢化的苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物,非氢化的或氢化的苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物,或非氢化的或氢化的苯乙烯/(异戊二烯/丁二烯)/苯乙烯共聚物。
上述聚酰胺弹性体是嵌段共聚物,其主要包括作为硬嵌段的聚酰胺形成的单元和作为软嵌段的聚醚单元或由聚醚和二羧酸缩聚形成的聚醚酯单元。其可以是,例如,聚醚酯酰胺弹性体或聚醚酰胺弹性体。作为该硬嵌段的聚酰胺形成的单元可以是,例如,至少3元环的内酰胺,氨基羧酸或二羧酸与二胺制得的尼龙盐。至少3元环的内酰胺可以是,例如,ε-己内酰胺或月桂酰胺。氨基羧酸可以是,例如,6-氨基己酸,11-氨基十一烷酸或12-氨基十二烷酸。
作为构成尼龙盐的二羧酸,C2-36二羧酸是经常使用的。特别地,其可以是,例如,脂肪族二羧酸,例如己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,十一烷二酮酸(undecanedione acid),十二烷二酮酸(dodecanedione acid)或2,2,4-三甲基己二酸;脂环族二羧酸,例如1,4-环己烷二羧酸;或芳香族二羧酸,例如对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,邻苯二甲酸或二甲苯二羧酸。此外,作为C36二羧酸,可以提及二聚脂肪酸。二聚脂肪酸是可通过聚合例如C8-24饱和的,乙烯基不饱和的,乙炔基不饱和的,天然或合成的单价脂肪酸而获得的聚合的脂肪酸。
作为构成尼龙盐的二胺,C2-36二胺是经常使用的。特别地,其可以是,例如,脂肪族二胺,例如乙二胺,三亚甲基二胺,四亚甲基二胺,五亚甲基二胺,六亚甲基二胺,七亚甲基二胺,八亚甲基二胺,九亚甲基二胺,十亚甲基二胺,十一亚甲基二胺,十二亚甲基二胺或2,2,4/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二胺;脂环族二胺,例如1,3/1,4-环己烷二甲基胺或二(4,4′-氨基环己基)甲烷;或芳香族二胺,例如亚二甲苯基二胺。此外,作为C36二胺,可以提及由二聚脂肪酸转化成氨基酸的具有羧基的二聚胺。
此外,作为软嵌段的聚醚单元可以是,例如,聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,聚四亚甲基二醇,聚六亚甲基二醇,四氢呋喃或使用多个该聚醚形成的单体制备的共聚物。
聚醚酯酰胺弹性体是包括上述聚醚和上述具有通过引入上述二羧酸制备的封端羧基的聚酰胺形成单元的聚酰胺弹性体。此外,聚醚酰胺弹性体是包括用氨基和/或羧基取代上述聚醚的封端羟基获得的聚醚单元,和具有羧基和/或氨基封端基团的聚酰胺形成单元的聚酰胺弹性体。
此外,上述要用作抗冲改性剂的(乙烯和/或丙烯)/α-烯烃共聚物,(乙烯和/或丙烯)/(α,β-不饱和羧酸和/或不饱和羧酸酯)共聚物,离聚物,芳香族化合物和共轭二烯化合物的嵌段共聚物,优选以通过羧酸和/或其衍生物改性的聚合物形式使用。
作为用于改性的羧酸和/或其衍生物,可以提及,例如,羧酸基,羧酸酐基,羧酸酯基,羧酸金属盐基,羧酸酰亚胺基,羧酸酰胺基或环氧基。包含该官能基的化合物的例子包括丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,马来酸,富马酸,衣康酸,巴豆酸,甲基马来酸,甲基富马酸,中康酸(metaconic acid),柠康酸,戊烯二酸,顺-4-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸,内桥二环2,2,1庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸和这些羧酸的金属盐,马来酸单甲酯,衣康酸单甲酯,丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸乙酯,丙烯酸丁酯,丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,丙烯酸羟乙酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,甲基丙烯酸氨基乙酯,马来酸二甲酯,衣康酸二甲酯,马来酸酐,衣康酸酐,柠康酸酐,内桥二环-[2,2,1]-5-庚烯-2,3-二羧酸酐,马来酰亚胺,N-乙基马来酰亚胺,N-丁基马来酰亚胺,N-戊基马来酰亚胺,丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酰胺,丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,乙基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,衣康酸缩水甘油酯和柠康酸缩水甘油酯。
通过使用抗虫改性的PA6,得到的软管应具有良好的挠性和耐扭结性。抗冲改性剂的量可以为1-25重量%,优选3-10重量%,基于聚酰胺化合物的总重量。如果抗冲改性剂的量超过25%,则材料的强度会趋于降低。
因此用于聚酰胺的抗冲改性剂可以是弹性体或橡胶状聚合物,优选选自羧酸和酸酐的官能基接枝的。共聚物的酸酐官能接枝通常通过在马来酸酐的存在下共聚来实现。
可用作抗冲改性剂的橡胶状聚合物可以另外地或额外地定义为根据ASTM D-638的拉伸模量为低于约40000MPa,通常低于25000,和优选低于20000。其可以是无规或嵌段共聚物。有用的橡胶状聚合物可以由反应性单体制备,该反应性单体可以是聚合物链或支链的一部分,或可以接枝到聚合物上。该反应性单体可以是二烯或羧酸或其衍生物,例如酯或酸酐。这些橡胶状聚合物中,可以提及丁二烯聚合物,丁二烯/苯乙烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯的共聚物,丙烯腈/丁二烯、异丁烯的共聚物,异丁烯-丁二烯的共聚物或乙烯/丙烯的共聚物(EPR),乙烯/丙烯/二烯的共聚物(EPDM)。作为有用的橡胶状聚合物,可以提及芳香族乙烯基单体,烯烃,丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸和其衍生物,乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体,及其盐。US专利4315086和4174358中描述了一些有用的橡胶状聚合物,其相关部分作为参考并入本文。
实施本发明的优选的抗冲改性剂是乙烯和α-烯烃的接枝共聚物,在乙烯共聚物上接枝有官能团例如羧酸或酸酐官能。优选乙烯和选自含3至8碳原子α-烯烃的共聚物,并且α-烯烃优选含3至6碳原子。共聚物中优选的α-烯烃是丙烯。其它α-烯烃,例如1-丁烯,1-戊烯和1-己烯也可用于共聚物中,代替丙烯或与丙烯一起。在一个本发明优选的实施方案中,可以提及马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯橡胶和马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶。
或者,抗冲改性剂可以选自马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯橡胶,马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶,马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯,和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。
为了降低聚酰胺6阻隔层的渗透性,可以向热塑性基质加入层状纳米纤维。该渗透性降低归结于层状纳米填料带来的“弯曲”效应。这是因为气体或液体不得不遵循长得多的路径,由于分布于连续层中的这些障碍的缘故。关于组个效应的理论模型随尺寸比(也称为长度/厚度比)的增加越来越明显。现如今已经广泛研究了层状纳米填料,其为蒙脱石型的粘土,主要是蒙脱土。在聚合物中,最主要的使用难度在于或多或少地扩展其单个层之间的分隔空间(也称为剥离),及其分布。为了有助于剥离,可以使用“插入”技术,其包括用有机阳离子溶胀晶体,通常为季铵阳离子,其将均衡层的负电荷。该晶状铝硅酸盐,当其在热塑性基质中剥离时,以单个层的形式存在,其尺寸比可达到500级(order)或更大。
本发明的聚酰胺6还可以使用基于锆、钛、铈和/或硅的磷酸盐的颗粒,以非剥离的纳米层状化合物形式,例如US专利公开No.2007/00182159A1中公开的,其相关部分作为参考并入本文。该PA6显示出对于气体和液体的良好阻隔性和/或良好的机械性能,例如,良好的模量/抗冲均衡性,和/或温度稳定性,其使得其可以在高温下加工和使用。存在于PA6组合物中的基于锆、钛、铈和/或硅的磷酸盐的颗粒应该是,至少50%数量的颗粒为尺寸比低于或等于100的纳米层状化合物形式。
术语“纳米层状化合物”应理解为表示几个层的堆栈,其厚度为几个纳米级。根据本发明的纳米层状化合物可以是非插入的或由插入剂(也成为溶胀剂)插入的。术语“尺寸比”应诺理解为表示最大尺寸的比率,通常为纳米层状化合物的长度对厚度。优选地,纳米层状化合物颗粒的尺寸比低于或等于50,更优选低于或等于10,特别地低于或等于5。优选地,纳米层状化合物颗粒的尺寸比大于或等于1。
术语“纳米化合物”应理解为表示尺寸低于1μm的化合物。使用的纳米层状化合物颗粒的长度为50-900nm,优选100-600nm,宽度为100-500nm,和厚度为50-200nm(长度代表最长尺寸)。纳米层状化合物的各种尺寸可以通过透射电子显微术(TEM)或扫描电子显微术(SEM)测量。铜场内,纳米层状化合物的层之间的距离为0.5-1.5nm,优选0.7-1.0nm。该层之间的距离可以通过晶体学分析技术例如X-射线衍射测量。
有利地,50%数量的颗粒为尺寸比低于或等于100的纳米层状化合物形式。其它颗粒可以特别地是单层形式,例如,通过剥离纳米层状化合物获得。优选地,至少80%数量的颗粒为尺寸比低于或等于100的纳米层状化合物形式。更优选地,约100%数量的颗粒为尺寸比低于或等于100的纳米层状化合物形式。
在PA6热塑性基质中,该颗粒可任选地聚集在一起为集合体和/或凝聚团的形式。该集合体和/或凝聚团可以特别地尺寸大于1微米。
对于本发明的PA6,还可以使用基于锆、钛、铈和/或硅的磷酸盐的水合化纳米层状化合物颗粒,例如单水合的或二水合的化合物。可以使用磷酸锆,例如通式Zr(HPO4)2的ZrP或通式Zr(H2PO4)2(HPO4)的γZrP。还可以在引入到热塑性基质之前用有机化合物处理基于锆、钛、铈和/或硅的磷酸盐的颗粒,尤其用氨基硅烷化合物,例如3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,或烷基胺化合物,例如戊胺。
根据本发明的PA6阻隔层组合物可包括0.01-30重量%的纳米层状颗粒,相对于组合物的总重量,优选低于10重量%,更优选0.1-10重量%,更优选0.1-5重量%,特别地0.3-3重量%,非常特别地1-3重量%。
此外,PA6组合物可任选包括具有插入剂(插入颗粒的层间)和/或剥离剂(能剥离颗粒的层)的纳米层状化合物颗粒,以便完全将层相互分离获得单个的层。该颗粒可以是基于锆、钛、铈和/或硅的磷酸盐或任意其它类型化合物(例如天然或合成的蒙脱石型粘土,例如蒙脱土,合成锂皂石,lucentile或皂石,层状硅石,层状氢氧化物,针状磷酸盐,水滑石,磷灰石和沸石聚合物)的纳米层状化合物。插入和/或剥离剂可以选自:NaOH,KOH,LiOH,NH3,单胺,例如正丁基胺,二胺,例如六亚甲基二胺或2-甲基五亚甲基二胺,氨基酸,例如氨基己酸和氨基十一烷酸,和氨基醇,例如三乙醇胺。
通常,管12可包括一个或多个由一种或多种挠性材料例如弹性体或塑料构成的层。因此,管的内表面材料可以选择承受得起流体和馆内预期的环境条件的。根据本发明的一个实施方案,内管为单一的非氟化橡胶组合物。内管的橡胶组合物可基于ECO,NBR,NBR-PVC混合物,HNBR,TPE等,并且可以根据已知的橡胶混合的方法混合。橡胶组合物可包括弹性体混合物,例如高-和低-丙烯腈等级的NBR与PVC的混合物。管橡胶组合物可有利地包括粘合促进剂,例如反应性树脂体系例如或等效于间苯二酚,甲醛给体,和二氧化硅,其通常称为“RFS”,在Th.Kempermann等的″Manual for the Rubber Industry,″2d Ed.,Bayer AG,Leverkusen,Germany,pp 372 & 512-535(1991)中公开了其例子,其作为参考并入本文。该“RFS”体系的主要用途是增强管12和PA6阻隔层14之间的粘性。
通常,粘结层20可用于帮助PA6和外层和/或织物或金属线增强层之间的结合。粘结层可包括基于ECO,NBR,NBR-PVC,HNBR,TPE等的橡胶组合物。粘结层的主要用途是提供或促进粘合,当外层不具有粘合促进剂例如“RFS”体系和/或不天然与PA6层粘合良好时尤其重要。内管和粘结层可使用相同的橡胶组合物。粘结层橡胶组合物可混合任意适合的粘合促进剂或粘合体系,例如上述RFS体系。粘结层还可称为摩擦层。粘结层可以是粘合涂层。
通常,外层16可由一种或多种适合的挠性弹性体或塑料材料构成,设计成经受得住外部环境的碰撞。根据本发明的一个实施方案,外层是单一的非氟化橡胶组合物。外层的橡胶组合物可基于HNBR,CSM,CR,ECO,EVM,ACM,EAM,NBR-PVC,或CPE等,其可与其它成分以已知的橡胶混合方法混合。管12和外层16可由相同的材料组合物或不同的组合物构成。优选外层是耐臭氧的。
内管和粘结层的优选材料是基于ECO的橡胶组合物。适合的ECO包括表氯醇均聚物,或环氧乙烷和表氯醇的共聚物。优选的ECO等级是包括烯丙基缩水甘油醚(″GECO″)的三聚物,其除了提供典型的表氯醇脱氯固化点外还提供硫或-过氧化物-可固化二烯固化点。次级二烯固化点可有助于降低渗透性和改善耐酸气性。
应理解,虽然优选实施例包括非氟组分,但对于非常严格的应用或非常严格的渗透性或环境要求,氟化聚合物可有利地包括在软管结构的一层或多层中或作为粘结层。
如图1所示以及上述提及,增强层18可存在于软管中。增强层可直接施加到中间层14上,因此至少部分增强层会与中间层接触。优选地,粘结层20先施加到中间层14上。然后,增强层18施加到粘结层20上。外层16可基本包围或渗透增强层18并且也与至少部分中间层接触或与粘结层20接触。外层可有利地为橡胶组合物,其与织物或金属线增强层和/或PA6中间层结合。例如,外层可以是CSM或CM弹性体,含有二氧化硅填料和间苯二酚-甲醛或酚-甲醛树脂作为RFS粘合促进体系。优选的排布为将螺旋的,针织的或编织的织物或金属线层施加到PA6阻隔层或粘结层上。在螺旋结构中,例如,螺旋层可包括两层,各自施加成位于/或接近相对于软管轴向的约54度得所谓锁定角(lock angle)或中心角但具有相反的螺旋方向。但是,软管不限于螺旋结构。织物或金属线层可以是针织的,编织的,包覆的,纺织的或无纺的织物。已经发现织物纤维或纱线与ECO管,PA6阻隔层,和CSM外层结合,可以使得到的软管的破裂压力额定值显著增加。因此,本发明软管的实施方案中对于增强层的需求可以减少。许多有用的增强纤维,例如尼龙,聚酯(PET)或芳族聚酰胺,可以受益于粘合处理或另一个粘结层,以获得软管层中的充分结合。有用的增强材料包括聚酯,芳族聚酰胺,聚酰胺或尼龙,人造纤维,维尼龙,聚乙烯醇(“PVA”),金属线等。
软管11可通过例如模塑,卷缠,和/或挤出的方法形成。例如,内管可以是挤出的,然后可以将PA6的中间层挤出到内管上。然后可以将粘结层挤出或施加到中间层上。优选地,通过将PA6的管状层以连续无重复接缝的方式挤出到内管上,而将PA6的阻隔层布置于软管中。然后可将织物或金属线增强层螺旋,针织,缠绕,或编织到中间层上或者在织物增强层之前施加粘结层。然后可施加外层材料。或者,可以在心轴上建立这些层。最终,通过在心轴上加热或辐射将装配的组件固化或硫化,例如在烤箱中或蒸汽硫化剂,或卷缠,和/或根据本领域技术人员可获得的其它方式。优选地,在低于PA6层熔点的温度下进行固化。
图1已经阐述了一种软管结构。应理解各种变化的其它结构也可以用于实施本发明。例如,为了特殊的目的例如耐液体性,耐环境性,或物理特性等软管可具有额外的包括塑料或弹性组合物的内,外,或中间层。作为另一个实施例,如果需要或希望,可以使用额外的织物或金属增强层,夹套,外层等。为了抗坍塌可以在软管壁中设置螺旋形金属线或用于软管内部。织物增强层可用粘合剂,摩擦或撇渣层等处理。
作为替代挤出管的阻隔层的方法,还可以将薄膜或带状阻隔层缠绕在内管上并将搭接处融化或熔融生成连续的阻隔层。弯曲的软管也可以用PA6阻隔材料制造。例如,在两步法中,可以将未固化的软管放置于弯曲的心轴上或放置于用于硫化的模具中,使得之后软管保持弯曲的形状。同样地,其它已知的模塑方法也可以使用。
在操作中,燃料软管可以是软管组件或燃料管路组件或液体传送系统的部件。液体传送系统通常包括软管,和在一个或多个软管末端的,一个或多个夹具、耦合件、连接件、装管、喷嘴和/或配件,液体操作装置等。作为实施例2,图2使用本发明软管的实施方案的软管系统的图示。特别地,图2表示典型的汽车燃料系统。参考图2,燃料罐31,燃料泵33,缓冲罐或容器38和燃料泵39可由一个或多个本发明实施方案提供的燃料软管部分35和36连接。燃料回流管路34也可以包括本发明软管部分。软管部分35,36和34可以是使用本发明实施方案的低压结构。中或高压软管部分37,根据本发明的实施方案,可用于连接燃料泵39至带有注射器的燃料轨32和燃料压力调节器40。应理解使用本发明软管的燃料系统不限于汽车系统,还可包括贯穿燃料补给链的燃料传送系统,或海上应用、航空等的燃料系统,或需要非常低渗透性的挠性软管的任何地方。例如,本发明软管还可用于传送其它流体,包括气体,包括例如,氧气,氢气,或二氧化碳,液化的或气态的丙烷或天然气,其它燃料,和致冷剂等,都能获得最小的渗透损失。
下列为基于薄膜和软管测试的部分实施例,其用于阐述本发明的优点。薄膜测试在根据本发明的抗冲改性的PA6的两个薄膜上进行,即具有C 548B的实施例1和具有C 536XT的实施例2,来自Rhodia;和作为对比在根据现有技术的两个其它薄膜上进行:具有THV(THV 500G来自Dyneon,3M Company)的对比实施例2和具有EVOH(EVAL M100B来自Kururay Co.Ltd.和EVAL Company of America.)的对比实施例3。该测试为在Thwing-Albert渗透杯中使用各个材料的0.13-mm(5-mil)薄膜,条件包括60℃,用CE10(ASTM燃料C与10%乙醇的混合物)。
相同的薄膜材料,以相同的厚度进行相同的测试,混入软管中用于软管渗透测试,条件为60℃和使用各种测试燃料,包括ASTM燃料C,CE10和CM15(燃料C和15%甲醇的混合物)。使用多种燃料类型的液体测量软管的渗透性,使用SAE J30 Section 9中的容器方法,但是在高温60℃下。该方法使用来自封闭容器的静态燃料,其具有金属塞以密封软管末端。每周,将燃料从软管中排入容器中,然后将新鲜燃料装入软管。测试持续时间为调节1000小时,加上10天渗透性测量。该方法是筛结构(screen constructions)的便捷途径并且接近SAE J1737(燃料渗透性测量的优选标准)的渗透性测量条件。应指出SAE J1737的方法包括在控制压力下循环热燃料或蒸汽。软管实施例也用SAE J1737的工艺在40℃下使用indolene燃料进行测试。
如上所述,并且阐述于表2中,优选的PA6的熔融流动速率较低,即粘度较高。加工软管,尤其挤出阻隔层,用较大模具(包括间歇和直径)实施,无断路器板,在最高推荐套管温度280-315℃(550-600°F)下,具有高剪切螺杆,和采用下拉方式,以减小阻隔层厚度。该条件允许挤出高粘度材料,不会有问题。特别地,挤出间隙为约1.5mm(1/16inch),和下拉速率根据软管尺寸为19-64%。
表2
薄膜和软管的渗透性结果示于表3。对于记录的各个测试,PA6材料比THV或EVOH具有好得多的性能(更低得渗透率)。此外,C 548BPA6材料在跨度极大(3/16″,1/4″,5/16″,3/8″和1/2″ID)的所有尺寸软管的加工过程中没有扭结问题。使用C 548B PA6材料作为阻隔层的燃料软管通过了SAE J30R7和R14的耐扭结测试,而EVOH阻隔层软管没有通过那些测试。C 548B PA6材料的耐渗透性超越了竞争材料以及许多当前政府标准的要求。
表3
还应指出,实施例软管的构造为具有6-mm(1/4-inch)内径和根据本发明的一个实施方案具有一个厚1.0-mm(40-mil)的包括RFS粘合促进体系的ECO(GECO)橡胶内管;厚0.13-mm(5-mil)的中间阻隔层;与内管相同的ECO橡胶的但是厚0.5-mm(20-mil)的粘结层;PET螺旋型包围的双层纱线增强层;和厚1.0-mm(40-mil)的CSM橡胶外层。对比实施例3代表商业的燃料软管,具有厚1-mm的NBR管,厚0.13-mm的THV阻隔层,厚0.5-mm的NBR粘结层,尼龙增强层,和厚1.25-mm的CSM外层。对比实施例3的设计符合SAE J30R11或R12对于燃料软管的渗透要求。对比实施例4基于未审的US专利申请系列No.11/938139,使用EVOH(EVAL M100B)作为阻隔层,其它与实施例1的构造相似,不同之处在于增强层为尼龙和外层为1.25-mm厚。
渗透性测试的结果列于表3,显示了本发明实施例软管相对于对比软管在抗渗透性方面的惊人改善。作为一般地观察,很明显本发明软管对于各种燃料的渗透性比最好的对比软管低约2至10倍。
本发明实施例的渗透率也可以与上述背景技术部分提及的部分专利以及各种燃料软管标准例如用于海上应用的SAE J30或SAE J1527相比较。例如,SAE J30 R6,R7,R8和R9施加于没有阻隔层的常规橡胶软管,在室温下测试,具有封闭的容器并且无循环。R9要求对于燃料C的渗透性为<15g/m2/天。R6,R7和R8要求对于燃料C的渗透性分别<600,<550,和<200g/m2/天。SAE J1527等级1-15要求对于燃料CE10<15g/m2/天。SAE J30 R11和R12施加于低渗透性软管,根据SAE J1 737分别在40℃和60℃下,14.5kPa(2.1psi)和0.2MPa(29psi)压力下测试,且有循环,其要求对于CM15(一种比燃料C侵蚀性高得多的测试燃料)渗透性<25g/m2/天,达到A类(最严格的等级)。单独增加温度从室温至40℃可以预期增加渗透性,因子约为10倍,这一部分是由于增加了扩散率,一部分是由于增加了封闭容器中燃料的蒸气压力。静态燃料测试在60℃下进行,其预期对于渗透性的增加相比于40℃测试,附加因子约为20倍,所有其它因子不变。R11测试条件的压力可能与高温下封闭容器中的蒸气压力没有太多不同。但是,循环的影响和R12测试中的压力可以评估增加渗透性,相比于40℃下的静态测试因子至多约20倍。因此,本发明的软管,对于静态CM 15燃料的渗透性在60℃下为约0.5g/m2/天,相比于R11标准的要求评估为约好1000倍(25x20/0.5),且完全满足R12标准。因此,本发明软管非常适合用于增加抗渗透性要求的操作并且是含醇燃料的情形。
对本发明的实施例的软管和对比的氟化聚合物阻隔层软管实施根据SAE J1737用indolene在40℃下0.2MPa(29psi)的实际测试。本发明软管的渗透率为0.9g/m2/天。对比的氟化阻隔层软管的渗透率为8g/m2/天。因此,本发明软管对于CM 15或CE10燃料的渗透性,当根据SAE J1737测试时在40℃下可低于2g/m2/天或在60℃下低于40g/m2/天,或者当根据SAE J30部分9测试时在60℃下低于20g/m2/天。
对于其它阻隔层的比较,US专利公开号No.2003/87053的阻隔层对CE10燃料的渗透率在室温下为1.6g/m2/天。如上所述,温度从室温增加至60℃,可以预期增加渗透率,因子为200倍。因此,本发明实施例的软管比US专利公开号No.2003/87053的层好约100倍。
US专利No.6941975公开的软管对于制冷剂134A的渗透率在90℃下为3.94×10-5g/m2/天,但是难以进行比较,因为没有软管直接或面积/每厘米长度的信息。尽管如此,据信本发明的软管将至少可以与该软管的渗透性相媲美,而且本发明软管有利地在不使用多层阻隔层的情况下实现了低渗透性。因此,本发明软管的实施方案也可以用于制冷剂应用。
实施例软管还测试破裂压力。典型的燃料软管应用通常需要低于0.7MPa(100psi)的工作压力。如果具有典型的螺旋状尼龙增强层,橡胶软管通常的破裂压力约为1.7-2.4MPa(250-350psi)。如果具有额外的0.13-mm(5-mil)的PA6层,具有PET增强层的本发明实施例1的软管的破裂压力约为4.1MPa(600psi),比预期要高一些。因此,本发明软管对于增强层的需求可以降低,或工作压力大幅提高。
对本发明实施例的软管进行低温挠性测试。实施例1的本发明燃料软管符合SAE J30R14冷挠性标准,抗扭结性和渗透性的要求。
在研究本发明实施方案的过程中,发现生物柴油燃料比石油基或常规柴油的渗透性有出人意料的更有侵蚀性,尤其在常规NBR或HNBR或ECO型燃料软管中,会流出外层,尤其是CSM,CR或EPDM外层。已经发现上述实施例1和实施例2的本发明软管解决了该问题。据信对比实施例中的阻隔层也将解决该生物柴油的问题。因此,另一项发明或实施方案是本文所述阻隔层在多层生物柴油软管中解决生物柴油渗透问题的用途。
应理解本发明的概念也可以有利地通过混入中间层PA6阻隔层而用于具有氟化聚合物内管和/或外层的软管。其渗透率应该是优异的,尽管在当前弹性体价格下其成本将显著高于非氟弹性体软管。
PA6可优选具有足够的厚度或有效的厚度,以使得例如根据SAEJ1737在例如25℃,40℃或60℃下测试时对于特定或预定燃料或燃料组分的渗透性降低至低于或等于15克/每平方米/每天。优选地PA6是本文提及的特定等级之一,或具有本文所述的性质,或最优选地为C 548B,其由Rhodia Engineering Plastics在该商标下出售。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明软管包括两个或多个层,优选两至五层,包括本文所述的PA6薄层。PA6层优选厚度达0.010英寸(0.25mm)。PA6可优选具有足够厚度或有效厚度,以使得对于特定或预定燃料或燃料组分的渗透性降低至低于或等于15克/每平方米/每天。预定燃料组分可以是甲醇或乙醇或脂肪酸衍生物,例如用于燃料例如生物燃料或弹性燃料。预定燃料可以选自燃料,例如indolene,汽油,生物柴油,柴油,醇,和含醇燃料,没有限制。其它层可以是或包括,没有限制,增强层例如织物或金属线,不同的热塑性材料包括例如TPE,热固性材料例如橡胶或交联的热塑性材料。因此,本发明的实施方案包括,没有限制,例如具有两,三或多层的无增强的软管;具有四,五或多层的增强软管。图3阐述了该两层的实施方案,其形式为软管或管140包括PA6的薄层142和其它材料例如橡胶或塑料的第二层144。图1阐述了五层的实施方案,如前所述。
根据本发明一个或多个实施方案得到的本发明软管可有利地用于,不受限制,燃料管,燃料软管,燃料蒸汽管,燃料或油的排放软管,空气调节软管,丙烷或LP软管,控制泵软管,大内径进燃料软管或管道,海洋燃料软管,燃料注射软管等,包括柴油,生物柴油和其它油状燃料或上述任意的混合物。
尽管本发明及其优点已经详细描述,应理解在不背离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围内可以做出各种改变,取代和替换。而且,本申请的范围不受限于说明书所述的工艺,设备,制造,主题组合物,方法和步骤的特别实施方案。作为本领域普通技术人员将很容易理解,从本发明所公开内容,根据本发明可以使用能基本起到相同作用或基本达成本文所述实施方案相同结果的现有的或以后要开发的工艺,设备,制造,主题组合物,方法或步骤。相应地,所附权利要求用于包括该工艺,设备,制造,主题组合物,方法或步骤的范围。本文所公开的发明可适用于任何不是本文特别公开的要素缺乏的情形。
Claims (13)
1.一种挠性燃料软管,包含:弹性体内管层、弹性体外层和阻隔层,其中所述阻隔层是所述弹性体内管层和弹性体外层的中间层,其特征在于所述阻隔层包括弯曲模量1至2GPa和断裂拉伸伸长率为100%或更高的具有支化分子结构的聚酰胺6和抗冲改性剂。
2.权利要求1的软管,其中所述弹性体层为非氟化聚合物组合物。
3.权利要求1的软管,其中所述阻隔层是无缝的管状层。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,在所述阻隔层与所述弹性体内管层或与所述弹性体外层之间进一步包括弹性粘结层。
5.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,其中阻隔层的径向厚度为0.025mm至0.76mm。
6.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,其中聚酰胺6包括纳米层状化合物。
7.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,其中所述聚酰胺6的商标名为 C 548B。
8.权利要求4的软管,进一步包括增强层,所述增强层包括织物、纤维、或金属线,其中所述增强层位于粘结层和弹性体层之间。
9.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,其中对于CM15或CE10燃料的渗透性根据SAE J1737测试时,在40℃时低于2g/m2/天或在60℃时低于 40g/m2/天,或根据SAE J30部分9测试时,在60℃时低于20g/m2/天。
10.权利要求1-3任一项的软管,其中所述弹性体内管层包括选自NBR,HNBR和ECO的至少一种,其中所述弹性体外层包括选自NBR-PVC,HNBR,CR,CSM,ECO,CPE和EVM的至少一种。
11.权利要求8的软管,其中所述弹性体内管层和所述弹性体外层的至少一个包括表氯醇弹性体,增强层包括聚酯纤维。
12.一种挠性燃料软管,包含:弹性体内管层、弹性体外层和阻隔层,其中所述阻隔层是所述弹性体内管层和弹性体外层的中间层,其中所述弹性体内管层和弹性体外层是非氟化的;所述中间阻隔层基本上由弯曲模量1至2GPa和断裂拉伸伸长率为100%或更高的抗冲改性的聚酰胺6构成;和所述软管进一步包括位于所述阻隔层和所述弹性体外层之间的织物增强层。
13.一种软管系统,包括:至少一段长度的根据前述权利要求任一项的软管;和至少一个配件、夹具或液体操作设备。
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US61/296,784 | 2010-01-20 | ||
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JP (1) | JP5749254B2 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN102449369B (zh) |
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AU2010257151B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
JP5749254B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2438340B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
BRPI1010561A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
KR20120096877A (ko) | 2012-08-31 |
AU2010257151A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
KR101474059B1 (ko) | 2014-12-18 |
JP2012528997A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
BRPI1010561B1 (pt) | 2022-04-19 |
EP2438340A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
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WO2010141073A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
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