CN102305469A - Volume type gas water heater - Google Patents
Volume type gas water heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102305469A CN102305469A CN201110251579A CN201110251579A CN102305469A CN 102305469 A CN102305469 A CN 102305469A CN 201110251579 A CN201110251579 A CN 201110251579A CN 201110251579 A CN201110251579 A CN 201110251579A CN 102305469 A CN102305469 A CN 102305469A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- exchanger channels
- water tank
- heat exchange
- water heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/205—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/001—Guiding means
- F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
- F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
- F28D21/0007—Water heaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a volume type gas water heater, which comprises a shell, a water tank, a burner arranged at the bottom of the water tank, a first heat exchange channel which passes through the top and the bottom of the water tank, and a second heat exchange channel which passes through the top and the side face of the water tank, wherein a sealing boss is arranged on the circumferential inner wall of the shell; the sealing boss presses against the periphery of the water tank, so that the periphery of the water tank is divided into a top heat exchange cavity and a side face heat exchange cavity; the second heat exchange channel is communicated with the top heat exchange cavity and the side face heat exchange cavity; and high temperature gas is subjected to three heat exchange processes in the first heat exchange channel, the second heat exchange channel and the side face heat exchange cavity sequentially before flowing out of the shell. Compared with the prior art that the high temperature gas only exchanges heat in the first heat exchange channel and the side face heat exchange cavity, the water heater has the advantages that the heat exchange channel for the high temperature gas is extended; therefore, the heat exchange time for the gas and water in the water tank is prolonged, the heat exchange is more sufficient and the heating efficiency of the water heater is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of water heaters, particularly relate to a kind of volumetric gas water heater.
Background technology
Volumetric gas water heater is widely used in domestic hot water's supply, and its heating heat exchange efficiency is the problem that many users pay close attention in application.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of typical volumes formula gas heater in the prior art, and direction shown in the arrow is the flow direction of heating flue gas among the figure.
Volumetric gas water heater comprises shell 11, is located at the water tank 12 of 11 li on shell; The bottom of water tank 12, bottom and all around all with certain distance of shell 11; Form heat exchanging chamber; The bottom of water tank 12 is provided with burner 13; The heat exchanger tube 14 that is used for water, gas heat exchange runs through the top and the bottom of water tank 12; The high-temperature flue gas that burner 13 forms gets into heat exchanger tube 14; Get into the heat exchanging chamber of tank top and side again through heat exchanger tube 14; With the water heat exchange to be heated in the water tank 12; Get into the return flow line 15 around water tank 12 at last, 16 discharge through the gas outlet.
When flue gas is discharged,, can influence the operate as normal of volumetric gas water heater if be obstructed or obstructed; If but the flue gas discharge is too fast; Then maybe be incomplete with the water heat exchange of water tank 12, the flue-gas temperature that causes discharging is still higher, and the efficiency of heating surface of volumetric gas water heater is affected.
Therefore, how improving the efficiency of heating surface of volumetric gas water heater, is the present technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of volumetric gas water heater, its efficiency of heating surface effectively improves.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose; The present invention provides a kind of volumetric gas water heater; Comprise shell, water tank and be located at the burner of said water tank bottom, and first heat exchanger channels that runs through said tank top and bottom, also comprise the top of running through said water tank and second heat exchanger channels of side; The inner circumferential wall of said shell is provided with seal boss, and the periphery of said water tank and said seal boss offset, and the periphery of said water tank is divided into heat exchange of top part chamber and side heat exchanging chamber; Said second heat exchanger channels is communicated with said heat exchange of top part chamber and said side heat exchanging chamber.
Preferably, the side bottom of said water tank is located in the outlet of said second heat exchanger channels, and effluent air flows to the top-direction of said water tank in said second heat exchanger channels.
Preferably, be provided with the condensation baffle plate that extends to the top in the heat exchanging chamber of said side; The sidewall of this condensation baffle plate and said water tank forms the 3rd heat exchanger channels; Form the return flow line with the inwall of said shell; This return flow line is communicated with air stream outlet on the said shell, and gas passes through said the 3rd heat exchanger channels, said return flow line and said air stream outlet successively.
Preferably, the number of said second heat exchanger channels is at least two, and each said second heat exchanger channels is that the center evenly distributes with said first heat exchanger channels.
Preferably, the number of said first heat exchanger channels is at least two, and each said first heat exchanger channels is that the center evenly distributes with said burner.
Preferably, the top inner wall of said shell is provided with the water conservancy diversion convexity, and what this water conservancy diversion was protruding is taper, and its center line is coaxial with the center line of said first heat exchanger channels.
Preferably, said the 3rd heat exchanger channels comprise first section with sectional dimension less than said first section second section, said second heat exchanger channels directly is communicated with said first section.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area ratio range of the cross-sectional area of said first heat exchanger channels and said second heat exchanger channels is 0.4-1.6.
Volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention; Comprise shell, water tank, burner, first heat exchanger channels and second heat exchanger channels; Burner is installed in the bottom of water tank; Both are installed in the inside of shell; First heat exchanger channels runs through the bottom and the top of water tank, and second heat exchanger channels runs through the sidepiece at the top of water tank.The inner circumferential wall of shell is provided with seal boss, and the periphery and the seal boss of water tank offset, and the periphery of water tank is divided into heat exchange of top part chamber and side heat exchanging chamber, and second heat exchanger channels is communicated with heat exchange of top part chamber and side heat exchanging chamber.Circumferentially the seal boss that is provided with cuts off the space that forms between casing and the shell, forms two relatively independent circulation heat transfer spaces.High-temperature gas warp first heat exchanger channels that forms in the burner flows to the heat exchange of top part chamber of water tank from the bottom of water tank, flow to second heat exchanger channels that is communicated with the heat exchange of top part chamber again, gets into the side heat exchanging chamber through second heat exchanger channels.High-temperature gas has three sections heat transfer process before flowing out shell; Successively in first heat exchanger channels, second heat exchanger channels and side heat exchanging chamber; With respect to only heat exchange in first heat exchanger channels and side heat exchanging chamber in the prior art; The heat exchanger channels of high-temperature gas prolongs in the water heater provided by the present invention; Water heat-exchange time in gas and the water tank is prolonged; Heat exchange is more abundant, and the efficiency of heating surface of water heater is improved.
A kind of preferred embodiment in, be provided with the condensation baffle plate that extends to the top in the heat exchanging chamber of said side; The sidewall of this condensation baffle plate and said water tank forms the 3rd heat exchanger channels; Form the return flow line with the inwall of said shell; This return flow line is communicated with air stream outlet on the said shell, and gas passes through said the 3rd heat exchanger channels, said return flow line and said air stream outlet successively.Get into the 3rd heat exchanger channels through the second heat exchanger channels effluent air, gas still and between the sidewall of water tank forms heat exchange in the 3rd heat exchanger channels, further the heat exchange efficiency of gas.Simultaneously, the condensation baffle plate is isolated condensed water, avoids condensed water in heat exchanger channels, to circulate, and improves the security reliability of water heater.
In another preferred embodiment, said the 3rd heat exchanger channels comprise first section with sectional dimension less than said first section second section, said second heat exchanger channels directly is communicated with said first section.Gas along second heat exchanger channels when outlet is flowed; Successively through first section and second section; First section sectional dimension is during greater than second section sectional dimension; The gas that second heat exchanger channels gets into the side heat exchanging chamber can have enough cushion spaces at first section; Be difficult for producing turbulent flow; Help gas flow, effectively improve heat exchange efficiency.Simultaneously, gas communication is unobstructed can to effectively reduce the possibility that does not freely cause internal pressure to increase owing to gas flow, thereby reduces the possibility that burner extinguishes, and improves the reliability of water heater.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of typical volumes formula gas heater in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the another kind of specific embodiment of volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Core of the present invention provides a kind of volumetric gas water heater, and its efficiency of heating surface effectively improves.
The nouns of locality such as the related top of this paper, bottom, side are that to be positioned at position shown in Figure 2 with volumetric gas water heater be that benchmark defines, and the noun of locality that should be appreciated that among this paper to be adopted should not limit the protection domain of this patent.
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the present invention program better, the present invention is done further detailed description below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention.
Volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention; Comprise shell 2, water tank 3, burner 4, first heat exchanger channels 5 and second heat exchanger channels 6; Burner 4 is installed in the bottom of water tank 3; Both are installed in the inside of shell 2; First heat exchanger channels 5 runs through the bottom and the top of water tank 3, and second heat exchanger channels 6 runs through the sidepiece at the top of water tank 3.The inner circumferential wall of shell 2 is provided with seal boss 21, and the periphery of water tank 3 and seal boss 21 offset, and the periphery of water tank 3 is divided into heat exchange of top part chamber 7 is communicated with heat exchange of top part chambeies 7 and side heat exchanging chambers 8 with side heat exchanging chamber 8, the second heat exchanger channels 6.Circumferentially the seal boss 21 that is provided with cuts off the space that forms between casing and the shell 2, forms two relatively independent circulation heat transfer spaces.
High-temperature gas warp first heat exchanger channels that forms in the burner 4 flows to the heat exchange of top part chamber 7 of water tank 3 from the bottom of water tank 3, flow to second heat exchanger channels 6 that is communicated with heat exchange of top part chamber 7 again, through second heat exchanger channels, 6 entering side heat exchanging chambers 8.High-temperature gas has three sections heat transfer process before flowing out shell 2; Successively in first heat exchanger channels 5, second heat exchanger channels 6 and side heat exchanging chamber 8; With respect to only heat exchange in first heat exchanger channels 5 and side heat exchanging chamber 8 in the prior art; The heat exchanger channels of high-temperature gas prolongs in the water heater provided by the present invention; Water heat-exchange time in gas and the water tank 3 is prolonged; Heat exchange is more abundant, and the efficiency of heating surface of water heater is improved.
Need to prove: shell as herein described; Mean the structure general name of parcel water tank 3, heat exchange of top part chamber 7, side heat exchanging chamber 8 in the water heater; Generally can comprise stiff case and be located at the interior heat-insulation layer of stiff case etc.; Concrete structure and material that should be appreciated that shell etc. all should not limit protection scope of the present invention.
In a kind of concrete embodiment, the outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6 can be located at the side bottom of water tank 3, and effluent air flows to the top-direction of water tank 3 in second heat exchanger channels 6.The outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6 is the closer to the bottom of water tank 3, and the distance of second heat exchanger channels 6 is long more, and the time of gas converting heat is abundant more, and the heat exchange effect is also good more.Therefore, the outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6 is located at the side bottom of water tank 3, can makes the distance of second heat exchanger channels 6 long as far as possible, the heat exchange effect is as well as possible.As shown in Figure 2, first heat exchanger channels 5 straight up, second heat exchanger channels, 6 initiating terminals turn round to water tank 3 sidewalls when terminal straight down, form the second complete heat exchanger channels 6, to improve the efficiency of heating surface of water heater as far as possible.
Obviously, the outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6 can be located at the middle part, side of water tank 3 or the top of close seal boss 21.If the top near seal boss 21 is located in the outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6, the gas that then gets into side heat exchanging chamber 8 flows downward; If the side middle part of water tank 3 is located in outlet, then get into moving down that the gas of side heat exchanging chamber 8 can make progress simultaneously, with the sidewall heat exchange of water tank 3.Therefore, as long as seal boss 21 separates heat exchange of top part chamber 7 with side heat exchanging chamber 8, gas is through second heat exchanger channels 6; Just can improve the efficiency of heating surface of water heater; And the outlet of second heat exchanger channels 6 is the closer to water tank 3 bottoms, and its heat exchange efficiency is good more, and the efficiency of heating surface is high more.
Further, the condensation baffle plate 9 that extends to the top can be set in side heat exchanging chamber 8; This condensation baffle plate 9 forms the 3rd heat exchanger channels 81 with the sidewall of water tank 3; Form return flow line 82 with the inwall of shell 2; This return flow line 82 is communicated with air stream outlet 22 on the shell 2, and gas is successively through the 3rd heat exchanger channels 81, return flow line 82 and air stream outlet 22.Get into the 3rd heat exchanger channels 81 through second heat exchanger channels, 6 effluent airs, gas still and between the sidewall of water tank 3 forms heat exchange in the 3rd heat exchanger channels 81, further the heat exchange efficiency of gas.Simultaneously, condensation baffle plate 9 is isolated condensed water, avoids condensed water in heat exchanger channels, to circulate, and improves the security reliability of water heater.
Particularly; The first above-mentioned heat exchanger channels 5 and the number of second heat exchanger channels 6 all can be one, two or more; If first heat exchanger channels 5 and second heat exchanger channels 6 are one; Then first heat exchanger channels 5 is the center with burner 4; So that high-temperature gas is flowed out through first heat exchanger channels 5, second heat exchanger channels 6 can be located at the arbitrary position that does not overlap with first heat exchanger channels 5; If first heat exchanger channels 5 is one, and second heat exchanger channels 6 is two or more, then second heat exchanger channels 6 can first heat exchanger channels 5 be the center, be arranged in equably first heat exchanger channels 5 around; If first heat exchanger channels 5 is two or more; Second heat exchanger channels 6 also is two or more; Can be the center with burner 4 with first heat exchanger channels 5; Form first heat exchanger channels, 5 bundles; Be the center with first heat exchanger channels 5 again; Arrange second heat exchanger channels 6 equably, gas is steadily evenly flowed in water heater as far as possible.
Can do to improve further to above-mentioned volumetric gas water heater.
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the another kind of specific embodiment of volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention.
A kind of preferred embodiment in, the 3rd heat exchanger channels 81 comprises first section 811 and sectional dimension directly is communicated with first section 811 less than second section 812, the second heat exchanger channels 6 of first section 811.Gas along second heat exchanger channels 6 when air stream outlet 22 flows; Successively through first section 811 and second sections 812; First section 811 sectional dimension is during greater than second section 812 sectional dimension; The gas of second heat exchanger channels, 6 entering side heat exchanging chambers 8 can have enough cushion spaces at first section 811; Be difficult for producing turbulent flow; Help gas flow, effectively improve heat exchange efficiency.
Simultaneously, gas communication is unobstructed can to effectively reduce the possibility that does not freely cause internal pressure to increase owing to gas flow, thereby reduces the possibility that burner 4 extinguishes, and improves the reliability of water heater.
Further, the cross-sectional area ratio range of the cross-sectional area of first heat exchanger channels 5 and second heat exchanger channels 6 is 0.4-1.6.The gas that flows through first heat exchanger channels 5 in unit interval can all flow into second heat exchanger channels 6; Make in the water heater gas communication more smooth and easy; Reduce to produce the situation that gas overstocks; Reduce to produce the possibility of negative pressure; Guarantee that combustion gas can not extinguish because of internal pressure increases, improve the reliability of water heater.Obviously, the cross-sectional area of first heat exchanger channels 5 should be understood to the cross-sectional area sum of all first heat exchanger channels 5 here, and the cross-sectional area of second heat exchanger channels 6 should be understood to the cross-sectional area sum of all second heat exchanger channels 6.
In order to strengthen the unobstructed property of gas in heat exchanger channels; Water conservancy diversion protruding 23 can be set in the top inner wall of shell 2; Water conservancy diversion protruding 23 can be able to be taper particularly; And its center line is coaxial with the center line of first heat exchanger channels 5; As shown in Figure 2; Gas through protruding 23 shuntings of water conservancy diversion, flows to the inlet of each second heat exchanger channels 6 respectively after first heat exchanger channels 5 flows out.Inlet top at each second heat exchanger channels 6; Also can be provided with and the similar diversion component of protruding 23 structures of water conservancy diversion; The gas flow of cause second heat exchanger channels 6 is a direction; Do not need to spread towards periphery; Therefore; The diversion component at second heat exchanger channels, 6 tops can be dissymmetrical structure, manyly as far as possible as soon as possible gas being imported second heat exchanger channels 6 for good.
More than volumetric gas water heater provided by the present invention has been carried out detailed introduction.Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. volumetric gas water heater; Comprise shell, water tank and be located at the burner of said water tank bottom; And first heat exchanger channels that runs through said tank top and bottom, it is characterized in that, also comprise the top of running through said water tank and second heat exchanger channels of side; The inner circumferential wall of said shell is provided with seal boss, and the periphery of said water tank and said seal boss offset, and the periphery of said water tank is divided into heat exchange of top part chamber and side heat exchanging chamber; Said second heat exchanger channels is communicated with said heat exchange of top part chamber and said side heat exchanging chamber.
2. volumetric gas water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the side bottom of said water tank is located in the outlet of said second heat exchanger channels, and effluent air flows to the top-direction of said water tank in said second heat exchanger channels.
3. volumetric gas water heater according to claim 2 is characterized in that, is provided with the condensation baffle plate that extends to the top in the heat exchanging chamber of said side; The sidewall of this condensation baffle plate and said water tank forms the 3rd heat exchanger channels; Form the return flow line with the inwall of said shell; This return flow line is communicated with air stream outlet on the said shell, and gas passes through said the 3rd heat exchanger channels, said return flow line and said air stream outlet successively.
4. according to each described volumetric gas water heater of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the number of said second heat exchanger channels is at least two, each said second heat exchanger channels is that the center evenly distributes with said first heat exchanger channels.
5. volumetric gas water heater according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the number of said first heat exchanger channels is at least two, and each said first heat exchanger channels is that the center evenly distributes with said burner.
6. volumetric gas water heater according to claim 5 is characterized in that the top inner wall of said shell is provided with the water conservancy diversion convexity, and what this water conservancy diversion was protruding is taper, and its center line is coaxial with the center line of said first heat exchanger channels.
7. according to each described volumetric gas water heater of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, said the 3rd heat exchanger channels comprise first section with sectional dimension less than said first section second section, said second heat exchanger channels directly is communicated with said first section.
8. volumetric gas water heater according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the cross-sectional area ratio range of the cross-sectional area of said first heat exchanger channels and said second heat exchanger channels is 0.4-1.6.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201110251579A CN102305469A (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2011-08-29 | Volume type gas water heater |
PCT/CN2011/080539 WO2013029290A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2011-10-08 | Storage gas water heater |
AU2011362014A AU2011362014B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2011-10-08 | Storage type gas water heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201110251579A CN102305469A (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2011-08-29 | Volume type gas water heater |
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CN102305469A true CN102305469A (en) | 2012-01-04 |
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CN201110251579A Pending CN102305469A (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2011-08-29 | Volume type gas water heater |
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WO (1) | WO2013029290A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104329795A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-02-04 | 重庆三温暖电气有限公司 | Volume type gas water heater |
CN108662762A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-16 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Positive displacement heat-exchanger rig and water heater with it |
CN108662766A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-16 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Positive displacement heat-exchanger rig and water heater with it |
CN108800573A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-13 | 张家港市东方高新聚氨酯有限公司 | A kind of heat-conducting oil furnace of high-energy utilization rate |
CN113035387A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCS (Power distribution System) long-term cooling water tank capable of operating efficiently |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104329795A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-02-04 | 重庆三温暖电气有限公司 | Volume type gas water heater |
CN108662762A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-16 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Positive displacement heat-exchanger rig and water heater with it |
CN108662766A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-16 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Positive displacement heat-exchanger rig and water heater with it |
CN108800573A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-13 | 张家港市东方高新聚氨酯有限公司 | A kind of heat-conducting oil furnace of high-energy utilization rate |
CN113035387A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCS (Power distribution System) long-term cooling water tank capable of operating efficiently |
CN113035387B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCS (Power distribution System) long-term cooling water tank capable of operating efficiently |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2011362014A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
WO2013029290A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
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